Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Total |
TotalAdjective1. Constituting the full quantity or extent; complete; "an entire town devastated by an earthquake"; "gave full attention"; "a total failure". 2. Including everything; "the overall cost"; "the total amount owed". 3. Without conditions or limitations; "a total ban". 4. Complete in extent or degree and in every particular; "a full game"; "a total eclipse"; "a total disaster". Noun1. The whole amount. 2. A quantity obtained by addition. Verb1. Add up in number or quantity; "The bills amounted to $2,000"; "The bill came to $2,000". 2. Determine the sum of; "Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "total" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Business | Total sum of assets or liabilities of a balance sheet. Source: European Union. (references) |
Statistics | The index measures changes in a wide range of cost items:materials, including their transportation to site, labour, equipment hire, land preparation costs, conveyancing and professional fees, installation and fitting costs, interest on loans and trade margins. Prices included in the compilation of the index exclude VAT and are net of discounts. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The index indicates trends in prices relating to the first commercial transaction of each commodity, i. e. producers'and importers'selling prices, excluding VAT and excise duties. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article covers mathematics. Other uses of the word function include:
- In sociology, social functions are the basis of functionalism.
- In computer science, a function is a subprogram or subroutine, commonly one intended to directly return a value to its caller. See also functional programming.
The concept of function is fundamental in mathematics and the sciences.
Introduction
Intuitively, a function is a way to assign to each value of the argument x a unique value of the function f(x). This could be specified by a formula, a relationship, and/or a rule. This concept is deterministic, always producing the same result or output from the same input. A function may be thought of as a "machine" or "black box" converting valid input into a unique output.
The most familiar kind of function is that where the argument and the function's value are both numbers, and the functional relationship is expressed by a formula, and the value of the function is obtained from the arguments by direct substitution. Consider for example
which assigns to any number x its square.
A straightforward generalization is to allow functions depending not on a single number, but on several. For instance,
which takes two numbers x and y and assigns to them their product, xy.
In the sciences, we often encounter functions that are not given by (known) formulas. Consider for instance the temperature distribution on Earth over time: this is a function which takes location and time as arguments and gives as output the temperature at that location at that time.
We have seen that the intuitive notion of function is not limited to computations using single numbers and not even limited to computations; the mathematical notion of function is still more general and is not limited to situations involving numbers. Rather, a function links a "domain" (set of inputs) to a "codomain" (set of possible outputs) in such a way that to every element of the domain is associated precisely one element of the codomain. Functions are abstractly defined as certain relations, as will be seen below. Because of this generality, functions appear in a wide variety of mathematical contexts, and several mathematical fields are based on the study of functions.The words "function", "mapping", "map" and "transformation" are usually considered synonymous. Functions whose arguments are natural numbers are better known as sequences.
History
As a mathematical term, "'function\'" was coined by Leibniz in 1694, to describe a quantity related to a curve; such as a curve's slope or a specific point of said curve. Functions related to curves are nowaday called differentiable functions and are still the most frequently type of functions encounted by non-mathematicians. For such kind of functions, one can talk about limits and derivatives; both are measurements of the change of output values associated to a change of input values, and they are the basics of calculus.
The word function was later used by Euler during the mid-18th Century to describe an expression or formula involving various arguments; ie: y = F(x).
During the 19th Century, mathematicians started to formalize all the different branches of mathematics. Weierstrass advocated building calculus on arithmetic rather than on geometry, which favoured Euler's definition over Leibniz's (see arithmetization of analysis).
By broadening the definition of functions, mathematicians were then able to study "strange" mathematical objects such as functions which are nowhere differentiable. Those functions, first thought as purely imaginary and called collectively "monsters" as late as the turn of the 20th century, were later found to be important in the modelling of physical phenomena such as Brownian motion.
Towards the end of the 19th century, mathematicians started trying to formalize all of mathematics using set theory and they sought definitions of every mathematical object as a set. It was Dirichlet that gave the modern "formal" definition of function (see #Formal Definition below).
In Dirichlet's definition, a function is a special case of a relation. In most cases of practical interest, however, the differences between the modern definition and Euler's definition are negligible.
This is not a "well-defined" function; because, the element 3, in X, is associated with two elements b and c in Y (Condition 1 is violated). This is a multivalued function.
This is not a "well-defined" function; because, the element 1, in X , is associated with nothing (Condition 2 is violated). This is a partial function.
This is a function, called a discrete function (or rarely piecewise function); of which the range is {a,c,d}. It can be stated explicitly as
Occasionally, all three relations above are called functions. In this case, the function satisfies Conditions (1) and (2) is said to be a "well-defined function" or "total function". In this encyclopedia, the terms "well-defined function", "total function" and "function" are synonymous.
Domains, Codomains, and Ranges
X, the set of input values, is called the domain of f and Y, the set of possible output values, is called the codomain. The range of f is the set of all actual outputs {f(x) : x in the domain}. Beware that sometimes the codomain is wrongly called the range because of a failure to distinguish between possible and actual values.
In computer science, the datatypes of the arguments and return values specify the domain and codomain (respectively) of a subprogram. So the domain and codomain are constraints imposed initially on a function; on the other hand the range has to do with how things turn out in practice.
Graph of a functions
The graph of a function f is the collection of all points(x, f(x)), for all x in set X. In the example of the discrete function, the graph of f is {(1,a),(2,d),(3,c)}. There are theorems formulated or proved most easily in terms of the graph, such as the closed graph theorem.
If X and Y are real lines, then this definition coincides with the familiar sense of graph. Below is the graph of a cubic function:
Note that since a relation on the two sets X and Y is usually formalized as a subset of X×Y, the formal definition of function actually identifies the function f with its graph.
Images and preimages
The image of an element x∈X under f is the output f(x).
The image of a subset A⊂X under f is the subset of Y defined by
- f(A) := {f(x) : x in A}.
Notice that the range of f is the image f(X) of its domain. In our example of discrete function, the image of {2,3} under f is f({2,3})={c,d} and the range of f is {a,c,d}.The preimage (or inverse image) of a set B ⊂ Y under f is the subset of X defined by
In our example of discrete function, the preimage of {a,b} is f −1({a,b})={1}.
- f −1(B) := {x in X : f(x)∈B}.
Note that with this definiton, f -1 becomes a function whose domain is the set of all subsets of Y (also known as the power set of Y) and whose codomain is the power set of X'.
Some consequences that follow immediately from these definitions are:
These are valid for arbitrary subsets A, A1 and A2 of the domain and arbitrary subsets B, B1 and B2 of the codomain. The results relating images and preimages to the algebra of intersection and union work for any number of sets, not just for 2.
- f(A1 ∪ A2) = f(A1) ∪ f(A2).
- f(A1 ∩ A2) ⊆ f(A1) ∩ f(A2).
- f −1(B1 ∪ B2) = f −1(B1) ∪ f −1(B2).
- f −1(B1 ∩ B2) = f −1(B1) ∩ f −1(B2).
- f(f −1(B)) ⊆ B.
- f −1(f(A)) ⊇ A.
Injective, surjective and bijective functions
Several types of functions are very useful, deserve special names:
- injective (one-to-one) functions send different arguments to different values; in other words, if x and y are members of the domain of f, then f(x) = f(y) if and only if x = y. Our example is an injective function.
- surjective (onto) functions have their range equal to their codomain; in other words, if y is any member of the codomain of f, then there exists at least one x such that f(x) = y.
- bijective functions are both injective and surjective; they are often used to show that the sets X and Y are "the same" in some sense.
Examples of functions
(More can be found at List of functions.)
Most commonly used types of mathematical functions involving addition, division, exponents, logarithms, multiplication, polynomials, radicals, rationals, subtraction, and trigonometric expressions. They are sometimes collectively referred as Elementary functions -- but the meaning of this term varies among different branches of mathematics. Example of non-elementary functions are Bessel functions and gamma functions.
- The relation wght between persons in the United States and their weights.
- The relation between nations and their capitals.
- The relation sqr between natural numbers n and their squares n2.
- The relation ln between positive real numbers x and their natural logarithms ln(x). Note that the relation between real numbers and their natural logarithms is not a function because not every real number has a natural logarithm; that is, this relation is not total and is therefore only a partial function.
- The relation dist between points in the plane R2 and their distances from the origin (0,0).
- The relation grav between a point in the punctured plane R2 \\ {(0,0)} and the vector describing the gravitational force that a certain mass at that point would experience from a certain other mass at the origin (0,0).
n-ary function: function of several variables
Functions in applications are often functions of several variables: the values they take depend on a number of different factors. From a mathematical point of view all the variables must be made explicit in order to have a functional relationship - no 'hidden' factors are allowed. Then, again from the mathematical point of view, there is no qualitative difference between functions of one and of several variables. A function of three real variables is just a function that applies to triples of real numbers. The following paragraph says this in more formal language.
If the domain of a function is a subset of the Cartesian product of n sets then the function is called an n-ary function. For example, the relation dist has the domain R × R and is therefore a binary function. In that case dist((x,y)) is simply written as dist(x,y).
Another name applied to some types of functions of several variables is operation. In abstract algebra, operators such as "*" are defined as binary functions; when we write a formula such as x*y in this context, we are implicitly invoking the function *(x,y), but writing it in a convenient infix notation.
An important theoretical paradigm, functional programming, takes the function concept as central. In that setting, the handling of functions of several variables becomes an operational matter, for which the lambda calculus provides the basic syntax. The composition of functions (see under composing functions immediately below) becomes a question of explicit forms of substitution, as used in the substitution rule of calculus. In particular, a formalism called currying can be used to reduce n-ary functions to functions of a single variable.
Composing functions
The functions f: X → Y and g: Y → Z can be composed by first applying f to an argument x and then applying g to the result. Thus one obtains a function g o f: X → Z defined by (g o f)(x) := g(f(x)) for all x in X. As an example, suppose that an airplane's height at time t is given by the function h(t) and that the oxygen concentration at height x is given by the function c(x). Then (c o h)(t) describes the oxygen concentration around the plane at time t.
If Y⊂X then f may compose with itself; this is sometimes denoted f 2. (Do not confuse it with the notation commonly seen in trigonometry.) The functional powers f of n = f n o f = f n+1 for natural n follow immediately. On their heels comes the idea of functional root; given f and n, find a g such that gn=f. (Feynman illustrated practical use of functional roots in one of his anecdotal books. <which?> Tasked with building an analogue arctan computer and finding its parts overstressed, he instead designed a machine for a functional root <fifth?> of arctan and chained enough copies to make the arctan machine.)
Inverse function
If a function f:X→Y is bijective then preimages of any element y in the codomain Y is a singleton. A function taking y∈Y to its preimage f−1(y) is a well-defined function called the inverse of f and is denoted by f−1.An example of an inverse function, for f(x) = x2, is f(x)−1 = √x. Likewise, the inverse of 2x is x/2. The inverse function is the function that "undoes" its original. See also inverse image.
Pointwise operations
If f: X → R and g: X → R are functions with common domain X and codomain is a ring R, then one can define the sum function f + g: X → R and the product function f × g: X → R as follows:
for all x in X.
- (f + g)(x) := f(x) + g(x);
- (f × g)(x) := f(x) × g(x);
This turns the set of all such functions into a ring. The binary operations in that ring have as domain ordered pairs of functions, and as codomain functions. This is an example of climbing up in abstraction, to functions of more complex types.
By taking some other algebraic structure A in the place of R, we can turn the set of all functions from X to A into an algebraic structure of the same type in an analogous way.
Computable and non-computable functions
The number of computable functions from integers to integers is countable, because number of possible algorithms is. The number of all functions from integers to integers is higher: the same as the cardinality of the real numbers. This argument shows that there are functions from integers to integers that are not computable. For examples of noncomputable functions, see the articles on the halting problem and Rice's theorem.
References
- Visual Calculus by Lawrence S. Husch, University of Tennessee (2001)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Function."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Total is a French oil company.Total merged with the Belgian Petrofina, and afterwards also with the French Elf Aquitaine. First name TotalFinaElf, later renamed to Total. The company is headquartered in Paris, France.
External link
- http://www.total.com
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Total."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| TOC | English | Total organic carbon | |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: TotalSynonyms: absolute (adj), entire (adj), full (adj), overall (adj), unconditioned (adj), aggregate (n), amount (n), sum (n), totality (n), add (v), add together (v), add up (v), come (v), number (v), sum up (v), summate (v), tally (v), tot (v), tot up (v), tote up (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Asceticism | Noun: asceticism, puritanism, sabbatarianism; cynicism, austerity; total abstinence; nephalism. |
Memory | Retentive memory, tenacious memory, photographic memory, green memory, trustworthy memory, capacious memory, faithful memory, correct memory, exact memory, ready memory, prompt memory, accurate recollection; perfect memory, total recall. |
Money | Sum, amount; balance, balance sheet; sum total; proceeds;(receipts). |
Temperance | Frugality; vegetarianism, teetotalism, total abstinence; abstinence, abstemiousness; Encratism, prohibition; system of Pythagoras, system of Cornaro; Pythagorism, Stoicism. |
Whole | All, the whole, total, aggregate, one and all, gross amount, sum, sum total, tout ensemble, length and breadth of, |
Adjective: whole, total, integral, entire; complete; one, individual. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Total |
| English words defined with "total": total darkness, Total differential. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "total": Austria total access communications system ♦ balance sheet total ♦ EUR 11 total, EUR 15 total ♦ fan total pressure ♦ grand total ♦ Japanese total access communications system ♦ total acidity, total air, total bit load, total cap lag, Total compensation, total cooling effect, total cost and expenses, total critical load, total cyanide, Total Dissolved Phosphorous, total DSM programs, total dynamic head, total emittance, total energy, total function, Total Gross Reservoir Capacity, total hardness of water, total head, Total Incident Radiation, total land requirement, total lift, total of misplaced material, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, total payroll, total pressure, total refraction, total resistance, total revenue, total stress, total suspended particulates, total tartaric acid, total uses, Total. ♦ universal total access communications system. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "total": Totalis. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Total" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Albanian (aggregate, all out, all up, summation, tot, total, totality, utter), French (aggregate, amount, compelete, count, entire, full scale, integral, out and out, outright, overall, sound, subtotal, sum, total, utter, whole), German (dead, entire, integral, out and out, outright, overall, radical, thoroughly, total, totalitarian, totally, unmitigated, utter, utterly, whole), Indonesian (total), Papiamen (integral, overall, total), Portuguese (absolute, all out, all-out, all-purpose, amount, entire, entirety, gross, integer, number, outright, overall, plenary, run-down, sheer, sum, summation, teetotal, through and through, tot, total, universal, utter, whole), Romanian (absolute, all out, blank, complete, completely, count, crass, dead, entire, exclusive, gross, inclusive, outright, perfectly, quite, sum, thorough, total, totally, unmitigated, utter, utterly, whole, wholly), Spanish (absolute, aggregate, catholic, complex, entire, outright, overall, sheer, sum, summation, tally, throwput, total, totalization, utter, whole, wholesale), Swedish (aggregate, entire, full scale, global, integral, out and out, out-and-out, outright, overall, pure, rank, stark, total, unconditional, unmitigated, unqualified, utter, wholehearted). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | If you're looking for female companionship, we can make arrangements that'll insure total privacy and-- (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin.) That is a total lie. (Sling Blade; writing credit: Charles Chaplin) Raymond: Total protonic reversal (Ghostbusters; writing credit: Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis.) It counts for 30 percent of your total score (Miss Congeniality; writing credit: Marc Lawrence; Katie Ford) 246 total. (Rain Man; writing credit: Ronald Bass) | |
Lyrics | A total eclipse of the heart (TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE HEART; performing artist: Bonnie Tyler) To see the total eclipse of the sun (YOU'RE SO VAIN; performing artist: Carly Simon) In total unhappiness (Can't Believe; performing artist: Faith Evans) Hundred Six karats, total, nah thats pure wrist (#1; performing artist: Nelly) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Futebol Total (1974) Crazy - total verrückt (1973) Total Approach (1971) Melissa: The Total Female (1970) A Total Service (1969) | |
Song Titles | Total Eclipse Of The Heart (performing artist: Nicki French) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | (1) (4x5) original black and white negative, (1) (4x5) black and white negative, (10) (8x71/2) black and white prints. Shows illustration of nude woman indicating portion around lump of breast to be removed as a result of total mastectomy. See artwork: BC-08b. Credit: Donald Gates (artist). |  | Five illustrations showing the methods of surgical treatment that may be used: lumpectomy; modified radical mastectomy; partial mastectomy (also called segmental mastectomy), radical mastectomy (also called Halsted radical mastectomy), and total (simple) mastectomy. These illustrations appeared in "What You Need to Know About Breast Cancer." See artwork WYTK-05. Credit: Jeanne Kelly (Artist). |
 | This image was taken during an outbreak in 1976, when a total of 340 deaths occurred in Zaire and western Sudan. Ebola is one of the four known viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever. It is believed to be zoonotic, and native to the African continent. Credit: CDC. |  | Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) images (1979-1992). Credit: NASA. |
 | The West Fjords are a series of peninsulas in northwestern Iceland. They represent less than one-eighth the country's land area, but their jagged perimeter accounts for more than half of Iceland's total coastline. Credit: NASA. |  | Microwave navigation instrument on east side of Penobscot Bay Geodetic target and total station azimuth and distance instrument Conducting geodetic operations to determine microwave navigation site Party off of PEIRCE. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Packing instruments for astro work Nearly 300 pounds total Astro crew of C.V. Hodgson. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Instruments mounted on the roof of the Clean Air Facility. Four separate wavelength pyrometers measuring total radiation from the sun and sky. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | The Mediterranean and Black Seas fall within the same FAO statistical area (Area 37) but, apart from some migratory species, their fisheries and resources are mostly separate. The total catch from Area 37 showed a generally positive trend until the mid-1980's, reaching about 2 million tons. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Another shellfishermen unloads his catch at the dock where volunteers weigh the hard shell clams to determine payment for the fishermen and to determine total weight of the transfers to the spawner sanctuaries. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Total Death(ecuador)" by Danny Molina Commentary: "Musicians." | "Confusion" by Steve Matthews Commentary: "One of the busy intersections in Japan. Every few minutes total chaos brakes loose. But it is amazing how polite the people are…." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Skidded; skidding; skid; car accident; crash; automobile accident; impact; collision; accident; crunch; smash; smashed; smashing; fender tag; fender-bender; pileup; ram; rear-ender; shock; sideswipe; smash; smash-up; stack-up; thud; thump; total; washout. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley | The Lord's prayer contains the sum total of religion and morals. |
Samuel Butler | Half the vices which the world condemns most loudly have seeds of good in them and require moderated use rather than total abstinence. |
St. Augustine | To many, total abstinence is easier than perfect moderation. |
Thomas Carlyle | Isolation is the sum total of wretchedness to a man. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | No wonder, then, that the social consciousness of past ages, despite all the multiplicity and variety it displays, moves within certain common forms, or general ideas, which cannot completely vanish except with the total disappearance of class antagonisms. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The voting is void unless the total number of votes cast is equal to half the number of the Delegates attending the Conference. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | The dark ages may return, the Stone Age may return on the gleaming wings of science, and what might now shower immeasurable material blessings upon mankind, may even bring about its total destruction. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Life, the Universe and Everything | Douglas Adams | After nearly four years of total isolation he was so pleased and relieved to see Ford that he could almost cry. Ford was, on the other hand, an almost immediately annoying person |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | As sum total, and to embrace all in a world, the (r)gamin is a being who amuses himself because he is unfortunate |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Total duration of fatigue. (references) | |
ESRD is total, or nearly total, and permanent kidney failure. (references) | ||
Newborn screening strategies should take a total systems approach. (references) | ||
Business | Exports from Piedmont are 40.5% of Italy’s total. (references) | |
Total apparel imports for 1998 were $251 million. (references) | ||
Foreign exchange reserves total about $140 billion. (references) | ||
Children | Ethiopia | Nationwide the total enrollment of children who are of school age is 57.4 percent. (references) |
Honduras | The Government allocated 10.7 percent of total government expenditure to the health sector. (references) | |
Honduras | The Tegucigalpa city administration runs 12 temporary shelters with a total capacity of 240 children. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Belgium | These centers have a total capacity of 5,000 beds. (references) |
Turkey | Only a fraction of the total number of evacuees has returned. (references) | |
Cyprus | Visits to the south are limited to a total of 6 months per year. (references) | |
Discrimination | Bhutan | It claims that ethnic Nepalese fill 22 percent of government jobs, which is slightly less than their proportion of the total population. (references) |
Economic History | Colombia | Cultivated land: 8.2% of total area. (references) |
Guatemala | H. Total Imports from U.S. 7.2 8.4 8. (references) | |
Human Rights | Ecuador | In 1998 a total of 26 inmates died in prison. (references) |
Hungary | In 2000 at total of 10 of the defendants were convicted. (references) | |
Jordan | This number likely underestimates the total number of political detainees. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Chile | The Mapuches, from the south, account for approximately 930,000 of this total. (references) |
Botswana | The estimated 52,000 to 55,000 Basarwa persons represent approximately 3 percent of the country's total population. (references) | |
Malaysia | Then-Finance Minister Tun Daim Zainuddin announced in May 1999 that a total of 314,715 acres of land would be reserved for Orang Asli. (references) | |
Minorities | Singapore | Ethnic Malays constitute approximately 15 percent of the total population. (references) |
Hungary | There is 1 Roma lawyer out of a total of 11 lawyers in the Ombudsman's office. (references) | |
Israel and the occupied territories | Critics also pointed out that only half of the total sum represented newly allocated money. (references) | |
Political Economy | MEXICO | Total losses in 2000 amounted to $ 525.7 million. (references) |
BAHRAIN | The current outstanding amount is $504 million in total. (references) | |
JAMAICA | Women account for 44.4 percent of the total labor force. (references) | |
Political Rights | Guatemala | Other small parties hold a total of 4 seats. (references) |
Somalia | In the TNA, women were allocated 25 seats out of a total of 245 seats. (references) | |
Tunisia | Four women were appointed deputy governors raising the total to 10 women holding that post. (references) | |
Trade | Moldova | Total company capitalization is USD 2.8 million. (references) |
Hong Kong | ADB's total lending in 2000 reached $5.9 billion. (references) | |
Ukraine | Funds approved - USD 10.7 mln. Total investment - USD 10.7 mln. (references) | |
Travel | Colombia | A called taxi has an extra cost of Col$ 1,000 ($0.50) over the total price. (references) |
Mexico | This form may be obtained with validity up to one year, renewable up to a total of five years. (references) | |
Bolivia | The Bolivian national railroad system has a total of 3,651 Km of track, divided into two non-connecting segments. (references) | |
Women | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Five communities participated, involving a total of 100 men. (references) |
Kuwait | The Minister estimated the total cost of gender segregation at approximately $1.8 billion. (references) | |
Tunisia | Women constitute 60 percent of all judges in the capital and 24 percent of the nation's total jurists. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Nigeria | Less than 10 percent of the total work force is organized. (references) |
Madagascar | Union members account for only approximately 5 percent of the total labor force. (references) | |
Turkey | Just over 13 percent of the total civilian labor force (15 years of age and above) are unionized. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | ABSTAINER, n. A weak person who yields to the temptation of denying himself a pleasure. A total abstainer is one who abstains from everything but abstention, and especially from inactivity in the affairs of others. Said a man to a crapulent youth: "I thought You a total abstainer, my son." "So I am, so I am," said the scrapgrace caught -- "But not, sir, a bigoted one." G.J. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Weil | Rosie eats some poultry. We're not in total agreement. I eat a lot of fresh foods. Even when I'm by myself, I cook for myself. |
Rush Limbaugh | Joe Fitzgerald's column in Wednesday's Boston Herald chronicles misstatements and offensive remarks by prominent people who have been given a total pass. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | As a part of our total public works program, consideration should be given to the need for providing adequate buildings for schools and other educational institutions. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | Only a total working partnership among Federal, State, and local governments can succeed. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | I am proposing a program which will begin to restore our country's surplus capacity in total energy. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Government is still spending too large a percentage of the total economy. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Based on decisions already made, we will have cut a total of more than a quarter of a million positions from the federal government, making it the smallest it has been since John Kennedy was president, by the time I come here again next year. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Total" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 68.00% of the time. "Total" is used about 13,247 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 68% | 9,008 | 1,061 |
| Noun (singular) | 29.93% | 3,965 | 2,479 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 1.76% | 234 | 19,621 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.25% | 33 | 60,273 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.05% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Total | 100.00% | 13,247 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| France | Total Fina Elf SA | Thailand | Total Access Communication Public Company Limited |
| United Kingdom | Total Office Group Plc | USA | Bally Total Fitness Holding Corporation |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "total": a total of ♦ amounting to a total of ♦ Angle of total reflection ♦ attenuated total reflectance ♦ attenuated total reflexion ♦ Austria total access communications system ♦ balance sheet total ♦ bayplan/stowage plan total numbers message ♦ Commodity Total Return Index ♦ constructive total loss ♦ control total ♦ cover a total area of ♦ credit total ♦ df total ♦ EUR 11 total ♦ EUR 15 total ♦ extended total access communications system ♦ fan total pressure ♦ fraction of zero binding with respect to total ♦ frustrated total internal reflection ♦ grand total ♦ hash total ♦ have a total of ♦ in total ♦ Japanese total access communications system ♦ net commission income as a percentage of balance sheet total ♦ number of R&D personnel involved in the projects funded by international R&D and innovation programmes as a percentage of the total R&D personnel in a region at a given point of time ♦ sum total ♦ the total ♦ total abstainer ♦ Total abstinence ♦ total access communication system ♦ total access communications ♦ total access communications system ♦ Total Aggregate Measurement of Support ♦ total air ♦ total amount ♦ total amount funded by international R&D and innovation programmes as a percentage of the GERDR in a region in a given year ♦ total amount funded by international R&D and innovation programmes as a percentage of the gross domestic expenditure on R&D in a region in a given year ♦ Total AMS ♦ total androgen blockade ♦ total aphasia ♦ total continuous spectrum noise ♦ total cost and expenses ♦ total cyanide ♦ total darkness ♦ total debt ♦ total depravity ♦ Total differential ♦ total dollars ♦ total dosage attack ♦ total dose ♦ total DSM programs ♦ total eclipse ♦ total effect ♦ total electron content ♦ total estrogen blockade ♦ total evaporation ♦ total function ♦ total germinability ♦ total germination percent ♦ total harmonic distortion ♦ total head ♦ total heat ♦ total hemispherical emittance ♦ total herbicide ♦ total hysterectomy ♦ total income ♦ total irradiation ♦ total land requirement ♦ total loss ♦ Total Lung Capacity ♦ total mastectomy ♦ total nodal irradiation ♦ total noise exposure level ♦ total number of attendance ♦ total number of livestock ♦ total ordering ♦ total ozone unit ♦ total pancreatectomy ♦ total parenteral nutrition ♦ total payroll ♦ total pressure ♦ total pulmonary resistance ♦ total quality management ♦ total recall ♦ total revenue ♦ total score ♦ total solids ♦ total surface area ♦ total tartaric acid ♦ total up ♦ total up to ♦ total uses ♦ total utility ♦ total war ♦ total weedkiller ♦ universal total access communications system. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "total": total-amputee, total-body irradiation, total-chromatic, total-football, total-immersion, total-intensity, total-lot, total-protection, total-stumped, total-total. | |
Ending with "total": near-total, sub-total. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
total gym | 3,206 | total gym 1500 | 178 |
total quality management | 1,020 | total gym 2000 | 164 |
medieval total war | 992 | total recall | 159 |
total | 818 | total hip replacement | 157 |
total annihilation | 688 | lean total | 157 |
commander total | 565 | box office total | 156 |
total recorder | 561 | total gym 3000 | 144 |
total war | 493 | total gym chuck norris | 131 |
total eclipse of the heart | 379 | total voyeur | 122 |
rome total war | 315 | total fitness | 120 |
home total ucc | 280 | total trainer | 115 |
cheat medieval total war | 259 | club manager total | 109 |
total request live on mtv | 251 | total chaos | 97 |
shogun total war | 231 | 2003 club manager total | 95 |
total gym fitness | 222 | rainfall total | 89 |
total knee replacement | 218 | total gym exercise | 86 |
calidad total | 202 | total eclipse | 86 |
total gym 1000 | 199 | total body gym | 85 |
eclipse heart lyrics total | 190 | total performance | 83 |
total gym xl | 182 | total request live | 83 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "total"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | totaal (integral, overall). (various references) | |
Albanian | total (aggregate, all out, all up, summation, tot, totality, utter), shumë (amount, awful, awfully, badly, confoundedly, considerably, consumedly, damnably, dearly, deep, deuced, devilish, ever so, far, far and away, good few, greatly, heap, heartily, highly, jolly, largely, like mad, lot, lots of, lump, many, million, most, much, no end of, not a few, notedly, number, oodles, passing, passingly, Peck, poly-, precious, price, proceeds, quantum, quite, really, remarkably, scrip, so, sorely, sum, summation, thumping, too, tot, totality, umpteen, vastly, very, very much, widely), përfundim (afterpiece, closing, closure, completion, conclusion, consequence, consummation, denouement, derivation, development, eduction, effect, end product, event, expiration, finality, finding, finish, fulfillment, fulfilment, harvest, issue, job, lapse, last, offshoot, offspring, outcome, output, perfecting, performance, result, resume, rider, train, upshot, windup), nxjerr shumën (totalize), mbledh (accumulate, add, add together, assemble, bank, brush up, call in, call together, cast, cast up, clench, collate, collect, compile, compress, congregate, convene, convoke, draw, dredge, drum up, focus, fold, fund, furl, gather, get together, group, herd, impound, kilt, levy, lift, make up, pack, pick, pick off, pick up, pool, rally, reap, round up, scoop up, shut, sweep, take, totalize), kap shumën (come), i tërë (all, clear, downright, entire, gross, integral, thorough, undivided, whole), i plotë (all out, big, broad, clear, close, complete, comprehensive, crowded, dead, direct, dyed in the wool, entire, flush, fraught, full, gross, integral, out and out, outright, overall, perfect, plenary, Plumb, plummy, pregnant, radical, round, sheer, solid, thorough, thoroughgoing, unabbreviated, uncut, unquestioning, utter, whole), i përfunduar (complete, done, finished, ultimate), arrij (achieve, aggregate, amount, appear, arrive, attain, catch, catch up, come, come at, come off, develop, end up, exact, gain, gain on, get, get along, get around, get at, get down, get on, get through, go in for, grow up, hit, make, obtain, overreach, overtake, reach, run up, seek for, steal, succeed, take, take care, top, touch), absolut (absolute, all-rounder, complete, direct, irrelative, perfect, plenary, sheer, utter). (various references) | |
Arabic | كلي (aggregate, general, universal, utter), كامل (absolute, all out, complete, completed, concluded, consummate, entire, essential, finalized, finished, full, full blown, full scale, integral, integrate, out and out, outright, perfect, plenary, plumb, rounded off, stark, thorough, thoroughgoing, unqualified, utter, whole), متكامل (complete, integral, whole), مجموع (aggregate, aggregated, entirety, score, sum, whole), مبلغ كلي, هدم (blight, demolish, demolition, destroy, destruction, do away with, level, pluck, pull down, sap, smash, take apart, tear, tear down), حاصل, تلف (blight, bungle, burn, consume, corrode, damage, destroy, deteriorate, deterioration, go bad, go off, go to the dogs, harm, hash, impair, mangle, molder, moulder, ravage, ruin, scourge, spoil, spoilage, spoiling, take out, waste away), جمع (accumulate, add, addition, aggregate, ally, amass, assemblage, assemble, band, be gathered, cast, collect, collecting, collection, combination, combine, compile, compose, congregate, connecting, corral, embody, fund, gather, gathering, glean, go berrying, grouping, herd, ingathering, joining up, lump, marshal, muster, pickup, piece together, pile, pile up, pool, put together, raise, rake, rally, reap, round up, scratch, scratch together, stack, sum, sum up, summation, summing up, tot, totalize, unite, uniting), إجمالي (aggregate, gross, outright, overall, synoptic), إرتفع ل (rear, run into debt), شامل (catholic, comprehensible, comprehensive, extensive, full, full scale, general, generic, global, including, inclusive, overall, pandemic, perfect, sweeping, thorough, universal), بلغ في مجموعه. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | съсипвам (bust, prostrate, ruin, scathe, spifflicate, wear down, wear out, wrack), събирам (accumulate, add, add together, add up, aggregate, amass, assemble, bring together, call forth, call together, club, collect, compile, congregate, cumulate, drum up, embody, enlist, foot, furl, garner, gather, get together, harvest, lump, lump together, mass, muster, muster up, pin down, pull together, punch, raise, rake, rake together, rake up, rally, reassemble, reunite, round up, run up, scare up, sum, sum up, swoop, totalize, whip in), сума (amount, count, figure, heaps of, number, power, quantum, sum, tot), сбор (aggregate, amount, assembly, dues, fee, fete, lump, muster, number, tot, troop, whole), равнявам се (amount, come, dress), разнебитвам (dilapidate, unstring), цялостен (across the board, all around, all out, complete, intact, integral, integrate, mass, organic, overall, radical, teetotal, thorough, whole), цяло (integer, unit, whole), цял (cool, entire, full, good, intact, integral, integrate, livelong, overall, perfect, regular, right, round, sheer, solid, thorough, thoroughgoing, thorough-paced, unabridged, unbroken, undivided, whole), тотален, общ (aggregate, blanket, broad, collective, common, communal, corporate, general, generic, global, impersonal, joint, omnibus, overall, solid, wide), пълен (absolute, alive, all out, ample, beefy, clear, compendious, complete, corpulent, dead, entire, exhaustive, explicit, fat, fleshy, fraught, full, grand, implicit, intact, integral, integrate, lousy, murky, out and out, outright, overall, overblown, perfect, plenary, portly, profound, pursy, radical, rank, replenished, replete, riddle, right, round, sheer, stark, stout, substantial, teetotal, thoroughgoing, thorough-paced, unabbreviated, universal, unmitigated, unqualified, unreserved, utter, vast, very, well fed, whole, whole-footed, whole-hog), изчислявам (calculate, evaluate, figure, figure on, figure out, judge, put, rate, reckon, reckon up, value, work out). (various references) | |
Chinese | 總體 (completely, entire, overall, totally), 總計 , 總額 , 總 (always, chief, gather, general, head, in every case, overall, to assemble), 整個 (entire, whole), 共计 (Amounted, Amounting, totaled, Totalled), 全面 (all-around, comprehensive, overall), 全球 (entire, global). (various references) | |
Czech | totální (absolute, all out, blank, hopeless, utter, wholesale), souèet (count, sum), seèíst (add up, number, run up, sum, sum up, summarize, tot), dìlat dohromady, celkový (aggregate, general, overall), celková èástka, celek (all, altogether, complex, gross, totality, unit, whole), úhrnný, úhrn (aggregate, grand total, sum), èinit (amount, be, come to, do, exert). (various references) | |
Danish | statustotal (balance sheet total), samlet balance (balance sheet total), balancesum (balance sheet total). (various references) | |
Dutch | totaal (amount, at all, complete, completely, entirely, full, integral, overall, quite, sum, through, totally, whole, wholly), algeheel (integral, overall). (various references) | |
Esperanto | totaligi (add together), totala (overall). (various references) | |
Farsi | مطلق (Absolute, Abstract, Arbitrary, Autocratic, Downright, Free, Implicit, Positive, Sheer, Slick, Stark, Unconditional, Unrestrained, Utter), مجموع (Aggregate, Altogether, Ensemble, Lump, Totality, Tote), کلی (General, Generic, Material, Totality, Universal), کل (Bald), حاصل جمع (Sum), تام , سرجمع کردن , سرجمع (Overhead, Tot), جمله (Outright, Sentence, Term), جمع کردن (Add, Agglomerate, Aggregate, Callup, Cluster, Collect, Constrict, Convene, Eke, Gather, Gross, Immobilize, In, Purse, Reef, Rollup, Tote), جمع (Aggregate, Mass, Plural, Rout, Summation, Tale, Tot). (various references) | |
Finnish | taseen loppusumma (balance sheet total), summa (amount, sum), kokonaissumma (grand total), kokonais (overall), kokonainen (entire, whole). (various references) | |
French | total (balance sheet total). (various references) | |
Frisian | totaal (absolute, complete, integral, overall), hiel (absolute, complete, entire, integral, overall, whole), alles omfiemjend (absolute, complete, integral, overall). (various references) | |
German | Summe (aggregate, amount, figure, sum, sum total, summation), gesamt (aggregate, cumulative, entire, gross, overall, together, whole). (various references) | |
Greek | σύνολο (aggregate, aggregation, ensemble, mass, sum, summation). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מוחלט (absolute, categorical, certain, decided, definite, downright, outright, positive, sheer, stark, thorough, thoroughgoing, unqualified, utter), להסתכם (sum up), שלם (absolute, complete, entire, intact, integral, paymaster, perfect, round, scot free, self contained, strict, whole), כליל (complete, completely, downright, entirely, out and out, over, passim, quite, stark, stiff, thoroughly, totally, utter, utterly, whole), כולל (bulk, comprehensive, included, including, inclusive), גמור (absolute, complete, completion, concluded, conclusion, end, ended, entire, finish, finished, finishing, out and out, outright, perfect, sheer, stark, termination, thorough, thoroughgoing, through, utter, very), טוטלי, סך הכל (aggregate, sum, sum total, totality, toto), סכום (amount, sum). (various references) | |
Hungarian | végösszeg (count, grand total, total amount), totális (all-out, global), összes (aggregate, all, complete). (various references) | |
Icelandic | bindindi (teetotalism, total abstinence), algert áfengisbindindi (teetotalism, total abstinence). (various references) | |
Indonesian | tuntas (thorough), total, jumlah (amount, sum, tally), antero (all, entire, whole). (various references) | |
Italian | totale (absolute, all, all out, blank, complete, entire, gross, integral, overall, sheer, sound, summation, utter, whole), completo (absolute, all, all out, all round, arrant, blank, clear, complete, dead, entire, full, full up, implicit, inclusive, integral, intimate, out and out, outfit, outright, overall, perfect, round, set, sound, stark, suit, thorough, totally, unabridged, utter, whole). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 累計. (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぜんがく (forehead, full amount, sum, whole college, Zen studies or practice), トータル , そうすう, そうけい (over hasty, rash), しめだか (sum), のべ (credit, field, futures, stretching), つうさん, つうけい (sum), るいさん (classification by similarity, collection of similar objects), るいけい (pattern, similar shape, similar type). (various references) | |
Korean | 합계 (Amounting, summation, Totaling). (various references) | |
Manx | slaneid (absoluteness, perfection, sanity, thoroughness, totality, undividedness, wholeness), slane (absolute, absolute of ruler, absolutely, chin-chin, complete, entire, fully, gross, healed, intact, integer, inviolate, perfect, sane, sheer, thorough, unbroken, undivided, unexpurgated as edition; good bye, unexpurgated; good bye, unharmed, unhurt, unimpaired, utter, well, whole), lane (at full strength, crowded, fraught, full, full-blooded, fully, gravid, loaded, lot, much, plenary, replete, sound, swelling, unexpurgated, unexpurgated as edition), ard-sym. (various references) | |
Papiamen | total (integral, overall). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | otaltay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | total (absolute, all out, all-out, all-purpose, amount, entire, entirety, gross, integer, number, outright, plenary, run-down, sheer, sum, summation, teetotal, through and through, tot, universal, utter, whole). (various references) | |
Romanian | total (absolute, all out, blank, complete, completely, count, crass, dead, entire, exclusive, gross, inclusive, outright, perfectly, quite, sum, thorough, totally, unmitigated, utter, utterly, whole, wholly), sumã (amount, count, sum, tune), perfect (a1, absolute, accomplished, all right, blameless, classic, consummate, faultless, flawless, good enough, okay, out and out, perfect, perfectly, pure, quite so, right-down, ripe, that's fine, thorough, thoroughly, thoroughpaced, tiptop, unimpeachable), global (aggregate, gross, overall), deplin (absolute, blank, complete, dead, entire, full, plenary, quite, stark, whole, wholesale, wholly), complet (absolute, all out, broad, clear, collected, complement, complete, completely, comprehensive, dead, down to the ground, downright, entire, entirely, every bit, every inch, exhaustive, fairly, flat, full, fully, good, hollow, outright, perfect, purely, quite, stark, strict, suite, thorough, thoroughly, thoroughpaced, to the bone, unabridged, utter, utterly, whole), cifrã (amount, digit, figure, number, numeral), bilanţ (account, audit, balance sheet, result, schedule), aduna (abstract, accumulate, add, add up, amass, assemble, call, cast up, collect, concentrate, congregate, crowd, deduce, engross, foot-up an account, forage, garner, gather, glean, harvest, heap, huddle up, ingather, jam, lay in, lump, muster, pack, pick up, pile, pile up, rake together, rake up, rally, reap, scoop up, sum, take up, tot, troop), absolut (absolute, absolutely, arbitrarily, be sure, blank, boundless, broad, categorical, categorically, coercive, complete, completely, dead, downright, emphatic, entire, essential, finished, flat, inalienable, just, perfect, physically, positive, positively, precious, pure, sheer, simple, strict, sure, there's no doubt about it, thorough, thoroughly, unequivocal, unfailingly, unlimited, unmistakable, unmistakably, unqualified, unrestricted, utter), întreg (clear, complete, entire, exclusive, full, integer, integral, round, safe, sound, unabridged, unbroken, unimpaired, unit, whole), însuma (abstract, comprise, deduce, gather, number, totalize). (various references) | |
Russian | суммарный, сумма (amount, amount of, amounts, number, sum, tender, tot), составлять итог общий, равняться (align, amount to, be, be equal to, equal, peer), целое (altogether, integer, unit, whole), весь (all, all of, all the, at every pore, entire, everything, livelong, whole), абсолютный (absolute, dyed-in-the-wool, positive, stark, teetotal, unconditioned, unmitigated, utter), полный (absolute, abysmal, all out, complete, corpulent, crowded, entire, exhaustive, floor-to-floor, flush, fraught, fubsy, full, full-bodied, full-length, implicit, in flesh, in the flesh, integrate, out and out, outright, overall, plenary, plug-to-plug, plum, portly, rotund, round, seamless, teetotal, thorough, unabbreviated, unabridged, uncut, utter), подсчитывать (compute, count, count up, figure up, numerate, reckon, tally, tally up), подводить итог (sum, summarize), итог (amount, result, resume, sum, summaries, summation). (various references) | |
Scottish | buileach (entire : gu buileach, entirely, quite, wholly). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | totalan (all out), zbir (sum, summation), ukupna suma (lump sum), ukupan, sveukupan (altogether, entire, universal), sabrati (collect, totalize), sačinjavati se, potpun (absolute, complete, consummate, crass, downright, outright, plenary, stark, thorough-paced, unmixed, utter, uttermost), iznositi (amount, number, take out, wear out), ceo (all, entire, full, livelong, whole), celokupan (entire, plenary). (various references) | |
Spanish | total (absolute, aggregate, catholic, complex, entire, outright, overall, sheer, sum, summation, tally, throwput, totalization, utter, whole, wholesale), suma (addition, amount, sum, summation). (various references) | |
Swedish | total (aggregate, entire, full scale, global, integral, out and out, out-and-out, outright, overall, pure, rank, stark, unconditional, unmitigated, unqualified, utter, wholehearted), summa (aggragate, aggregate, amount, figure, sum). (various references) | |
Thai | ผลรวมทั้งหมด (sum total). (various references) | |
Turkish | tutmak (abide by, add up to, affect, Bate, be, bespeak, bind, book, catch, charter, check, choke, choke back, choke down, choke off, claw hold of, clench, clutch, cog, cohere, come to, confine, constrain, contain, cost, cramp, engage, Favor, favour, figure out at, fish, gather, get hold of, grapple, grasp, grip, guard, hang onto, hire, hire on, hold, hold back, hold in, hold on, hold on to, hold up, inhibit, intercept, keep, keep back, keep down, keep in, keep to, occupy, play, play on, play upon, possess, redeem, remand, reserve, restrain, retain, save, seize, seize on, stanchion, stick, stick to, stifle, strangle, support, take, take up, tot up, uphold, withhold, work out at), tutar (aggregate, amount, quanta, quantum, sum, volume), topu, toptan (bulk, by wholesale, collectively, en bloc, gross, in bulk, in the lump, wholesale), toplamak (accumulate, add, add together, add up, agglomerate, aggregate, amass, assemble, beat up, bring together, build, call in, cast up, clear away, club, collect, combine, compile, concentrate, congest, congregate, consolidate, convene, cull, fold down back, furl, gather, gather up, glean, hand-pick, harvest, heap up, herd, hive, hive up, hoard, huddle, impound, lay up, levy, mass, muster, pack, pick, pick up, pluck, raise, rake together, rally, reckon up, recover, recruit, reunite, round up, scoop up, smarten up, sum up, summon, summon up, tot up, totalize, treasure, treasure up, turn out), toplamını bulmak (count up, totalize), toplam (aggregate, amount, muster, sum, summation, tot, whole), tüm (all, all over the, clear, entire, entirety, full complement, over all, pan-, totality, undivided, utter, whole), parçalamak (bash in, break into pieces, break up, calve, comminute, crumble, cut smth. asunder, cut up, dash, disintegrate, disjoint, dismantle, dismember, disrupt, lacerate, pull to pieces, rend, scrap, shatter, shiver, shred, smash, smash in, smash up, Spall, splinter, split, take to pieces, tear to pieces), mevcut (actual, adsum, attendant, available, existent, existing, in hand, physical, present, prevalent, stock, store, substantial, supply, total number of attendance, visible), hepten (altogether), hepsi (all, all and sundry, all of, all of it, all of them, entire, in all, the lot, the whole shebang), etmek (achieve, act, add up to, aggregate, carry out, cost, do, get, have, make, pay, perform, practice, practise, render, say, send, step, subject, take, tender), bütün (aggregate, all, all out, all over the, altogether, at all, clear, complement, complete, continuum, entire, entirely, every, everything, gross, holo-, integral, omni-, one and only, out and out, overall, pan-, quite, round, sheer, solid, the total, the whole, totality, unbroken, undivided, utter, whole, wholly), adet (bleeding, consuetude, convention, courses, custom, element, fashion, flow, fragment, groove, habit, item, menses, menstruation, mounthly courses, mounthly periods, number, numeral, particle, period, praxis, routine, sum, the usual thing, tradition, usage, use, wont). (various references) | |
Turkmen | jem (sum). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | сума (number, quantum, sum), ціле (aggregate, all, altogether, entire, whole), тотальний (totalitarian), весь (aggregate, all, all along, through, whole), підраховувати (add together, add up, balance, calculate, cast, cast up, cipher, compute, enumerate, even, figure up, numerate, score), повний (absolute, all out, big, broad, chock-a-block, complete, crass, definitive, entire, fatty, flush, full, integral, orbicular, out and out, outright, overall, overblown, perfect, plenary, profound, pudgy, pure, rotund, round, utter, whole), дорівнювати (amount to, come to, equal, sum). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | toàn bộ hoàn toàn, toàn bộ (all, clear, ensemble, entire, entirely, global, in toto, integer, lump, overall, totality, whole, wholly), tổng số (sum), tổng cộng. (various references) | |
Welsh | llwyr-, llwyr (altogether, complete, entire, entirely), cyfanswm (aggregate), cwbl (absolute, all, whole). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | consummatio, consummatione, consummationem, consummationi, consummationis, numeri, numero, numeros, numerum, numerus, summa, summam, summaque, summas, summi, summis, summo, tota, totam, totis, totius, toto, totum, totumque, totus, universitas. (various references) |
| Medieval Latin | 700-1500 | totalis. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "total": totaled, totaling, totalisator, totalisators, totalise, totalised, totalises, totalising, totalism, totalisms, totalist, totalistic, totalists, totalitarian, totalitarianism, totalitarianisms, totalitarianize, totalitarianized, totalitarianizes, totalitarianizing, totalitarians, totalities, totality, totalizator, totalizators, totalize, totalized, totalizer, totalizers, totalizes, totalizing, totalled, totalling, totally, totals. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "total": subtotal, teetotal. (additional references) | |
Words containing "total": antitotalitarian, nontotalitarian, subtotaled, subtotaling, subtotalled, subtotalling, subtotally, subtotals, teetotaled, teetotaler, teetotalers, teetotaling, teetotalism, teetotalisms, teetotalist, teetotalists, teetotalled, teetotaller, teetotallers, teetotalling, teetotally, teetotals. (additional references) | |
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"Total" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: otal, otel, Rotaflo, Rotala, tatal, tatay, tfta, Tistall, tital, titat, titax, Titolo, toal, todall, Tofalar, Tofayli, Tokalon, toktok, Toodaloo, Tootell, tootle, topal, toqa, toral, Tortoal, tosta, Totaal, Totah, totale, totaly, totar, totasl, totel, Totev, toti, Totman, tottan, Tottel, totti, toval, toxal, Tozaj, trocal, ttttaa, tual, tutel, tutela, tutta, Tutuola, Tytgat. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "total" (pronounced tō"tul) |
| 4 | -ō" t u l | anecdotal, immotile, motile. |
| 3 | -t u l | infantile, infertile, accidental, acquittal, artiodactyl, battle, beetle, belittle, betel, bicoastal, bottle, brattle, Bristol, brittle, brutal, butyl, Cantle, capital, Capitol, cattle, chattel, chortle, coastal, coincidental, committal, compartmental, congenital, consonantal, continental, crustal, crystal, dental, detrimental, developmental, digital, disgruntle, dismantle, distal, ductile, elemental, embattle, entitle, environmental, experimental, extramarital, fatal, fertile, fetal, fractal, frontal, fundamental, futile, genital, gentle, glottal, governmental, horizontal, hospital, hostel, hostile, hurtle, immortal, incidental, incremental, spittle, startle, subtitle, subtle, supplemental, tactile, tattle, temperamental, instrumental, intercontinental, intergovernmental, judgmental, kettle, Kittel, Kittle, lentil, lintel, little, mantel, mantle, marital, mental, metal, mettle, monumental, mortal, Myrtle, Natal, neonatal, nettle, noncommittal, nonfatal, nongovernmental, nonvolatile, occidental, occipital, orbital, oriental, ornamental, parental, parietal, pedestal, periodontal, petal, Pistil, pistol, pivotal, portal, postal, postnatal, Pottle, prattle, prefrontal, premarital, prenatal, projectile, quintal, rattle, rebuttal, recital, rectal, regimental, rental, resettle, scuttle, sentimental, settle, shuttle, skeletal, skittle, societal, throttle, title, tittle, tootle, transcendental, transcontinental, transmittal, turtle, unsentimental, unsettle, unsubtle, varietal, vegetal, versatile, vestal, vital, vittle, volatile, Whittle, Wintle. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-l-o-t-t" | |
-1 letter: alto, lota, tola. | |
-2 letters: alt, att, lat, lot, oat, tao, tat, tot. | |
-3 letters: al, at, la, lo, ta, to. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-l-o-t-t" | |
+1 letter: totals. | |
+2 letters: altoist, calotte, cattalo, flattop, glottal, matelot, mulatto, outlast, outtalk, paletot, talipot, toluate, totable, totaled, totally. | |
+3 letters: allotted, allottee, allotter, altoists, calottes, cattalos, coattail, etiolate, falsetto, faltboat, flatboat, flatfoot, flattops, kilowatt, littoral, matelote, matelots, mulattos, octantal, outbleat, outlasts, outleapt, outtalks, paletots, palmetto, plottage, potlatch, saltwort, stomatal, subtotal, tabletop, tailcoat, talipots, teetotal, toeplate, tolerant, tolerate, tollgate, toluates, tonality, tortilla, totaling, totalise, totalism, totalist, totality, totalize, totalled, tutorial, ultrahot, volitant, wastelot. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Company Usage 18. Expressions 19. Expressions: Internet 20. Translations: Modern | 21. Translations: Ancient 22. Abbreviations 23. Acronyms 24. Derivations | 25. Rhymes 26. Anagrams 27. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
