Torque

Definition: Torque

Torque

Noun

1. A twisting force.

Date "torque" was first used: 1884. (references)

Etymology: Torque \Torque\, noun. [Latin expression torques twisted neck chain, from torquere to twist.]. (Websters 1913)

Domain	Definition
Aerospace	About an axis, the product of a force and the distance of its line of action from the axis.Symbol T. (references)
Energy	The turning or twisting force generated by an electrical motor in order for it to operate. (Motor). (references)
Mechanical Engineering	Twisting or turning effort. Torque is measured in pound-feet(LB-FT). Any shaft or gear that is being turned has torque applied to it. Source: European Union. (references)
Medicine	A force producing rotation; in dentistery, the rotation of a tooth around its long axis; torquing:the mechanical rotation of a tooth which is twisted along its long axis, into its normal position. Source: European Union. (references)
Mining	The effectiveness of a force that tends to rotate a body; the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from its line of action to itsaxis. (references)
Physics	The tendency to produce rotation or torsion; it is expressed as the product of a force and its distance from the axis of rotation. A torque is equivalent to a "couple" Source: European Union. (references)
	Sum of the moments of a set of forces about a point. Source: European Union. (references)
Space	A force, multiplied by its lever arm, rotating at right angles to an axis. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The concept of torque in physics originated with the work of Archimedes on levers. Informally, torque can be thought of as "rotational force". The weight that rests on a lever, multiplied by its distance from the lever's fulcrum, is the torque. For example, a weight of three newtons resting two metres from the fulcrum exerts the same torque as one newton resting six metres from the fulcrum. This assumes the force is in a direction at right angles to a straight lever. More generally, one may define torque as the cross product:

where r is the vector from the axis of rotation to the point on which the force is acting, and F is the vector of force. Torque is important in the design of machines such as engines.

Torque has dimensions of distance × force; the same as energy. However, the units of torque are usually stated as "newton metres" or "foot pounds" rather than joules. Of course this is not simply a coincidence - a torque of 1 Nm applied through a full revolution will require an energy of exactly 2π J — mathematically, E = τ θ, where E is the energy and θ is the angle moved, in radians.

A very useful special case, often given as the definition of torque in fields other than physics, is as follows:

τ = moment arm × force

The construction of the "moment arm" is shown in the figure below, along with the vectors r and F mentioned above. The problem with this definition is that it does not give the direction of the torque, and hence it is difficult to use in three dimensional cases. Note that if the force is perpendicular to the displacement vector r, the moment arm will be equal to the distance to the centre, and torque will be a maximum. This gives rise to the approximation

τ = distance to centre × force

For example, if a person places a force of 9.8 N (1 kg) on a spanner which is 0.5 m long, the torque will be approximately 4.9 Nm, assuming that the person pulls the spanner in the direction best suited to turning bolts.

Torque is the time-derivative of angular momentum, just as force is the time derivative of linear momentum. For multiple torques acting simultaneously:

where L is angular momentum. See also proof of angular momentum.

Torque on a rigid body can be written in terms of rotational inertia I: L = Iω so if I is constant,

where α is angular acceleration, a quantity usually measured in rad/s².

The measurement of torque is important in automotive engineering, being concerned with the transmission of power from the drive train to the wheels of a vehicle. It is also used where the tightness of screws and bolts is crucial (see torque wrench). Torque is also the easiest way to explain mechanical advantage in just about every simple machine except the pulley.

A torque or torc is also a piece of jewellery made from intertwined metal strands. Examples have been discovered in Britain and Europe during archaeological surveys; a notable and exquisite example was found at the Sutton Hoo burial mound.

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
top	English	Torque oil pressure	N/A
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Synonym: Torque

Synonym: torsion (n). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Jewelry	Necklace, bracelet, anklet; earring; locket, pendant, charm bracelet; ring, pinky ring; carcanet; chain, chatelaine; broach, pin, lapel pin, torque.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Now doesn't that just torque your jaws? (Phone Booth; writing credit: Larry Cohen)
Movie/TV Titles	Torque (2003)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
References	Torque Engineering Corporation: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) The World Market for Hand-Operated Spanners, Wrenches, Interchangeable Spanner Sockets, and Torque Meter Wrenches Excluding Tap Wrenches: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Fluid Clutches and Torque Converters, (reference) Sensorless Vector and Direct Torque Control (Monographs in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 42) (reference) Torque (reference) Torque (Pitt Poetry Series) (reference) Butterfly Valves: Torque, Head Loss, and Cavitation Analysis (Awwa Manual, M49) (reference) (more book examples)

Music	Bar Torque (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

Consumer Goods	DeWalt DW977K 12.0 Volt Cordless Adjustable Torque Impact Driver Kit (reference) (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Engine on Torque Stand. Credit: NASA.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

"Torque" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 89.51% of the time. "Torque" is used about 429 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	89.51%	384	14,347
Adjective (general or positive)	10.26%	44	51,500
Noun (proper)	0.23%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	429	N/A

Expressions using "torque": brake torque ♦ continuous rated torque ♦ deflecting torque ♦ derived torque ♦ driving torque ♦ engine torque ♦ gyroscopic torque ♦ initial torque ♦ moment of a torque ♦ propeller torque ♦ reaction torque ♦ restoring torque ♦ torque converter ♦ torque link ♦ torque links ♦ torque shaft ♦ torque wrench ♦ windmilling torque. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "torque": torque-passing, torque-rise, torque-tighten.
	Ending with "torque": anti-torque, good-torque, high-torque, low-torque.
	Containing "torque": anti-torque propeller, anti-torque rotor, Three-torque system of control.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "torque"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		moment përdredhjeje, çift rrotullues. (various references)

Arabic		‏فتل (curl, kink, lay, rope, torsion, twiddle, twine, twist), ‏لحظة إنفعال, ‏طوق معدني للعنق, ‏الة مقلوزة. (various references)

Bulgarian		усукващ момент, усилие на усукване. (various references)

Chinese		扭矩 (Torqued, Torques). (various references)

Czech		toèivý moment, kroutivá síla. (various references)

Danish		torque (torquing), vridningsmoment (angular stress, torsion stress, torsional moment, torsional stress, twisting moment, twisting stress), vridende moment (bending moment, moment of a couple, moment of a force, moment of a torque, moment of force, turning moment, twisting moment), moment (moment, moment coefficient), måleudstyr til måling af belastning,kraft og drejningsmoment (force, measurement for load), måleindretning til måling af belastning,kraft og drejningsmoment (force, measurement for load), drejningsmoment (driving couple, torquing, torsional moment, twisting moment). (various references)

Dutch		torsiemoment (torsional moment, twisting moment), wringmoment (torsional moment, twisting moment), moment van een kracht (bending moment, moment of a couple, moment of a force, moment of a torque, moment of force, turning moment, twisting moment), koppelmoment, fenbutatinoxide (fenbutatin oxide), draaimoment (bending moment, driving couple, moment of a couple, moment of a force, moment of a torque, moment of force, torsional moment, turning moment, twisting moment), aandrijfkoppel (deflecting torque, driving couple, driving torque). (various references)

Farsi		نیروی گردنده قسمتی ازدستگاه ماشین , نیروی گشتاوری , چنبره (Cushion, Tassel), گشتاوری , طوقه (Ring), طوق . (various references)

Finnish		vääntömomentti (bending moment, moment of a couple, moment of a force, moment of a torque, moment of force, torsional moment, turning moment, twisting moment). (various references)

French		torque (torquing), moment de torsion (torsional moment). (various references)

German		Drehmoment (bending moment, force, measurement for load, moment of a couple, moment of a force, moment of a torque, moment of force, torsional moment, turning moment, twisting moment). (various references)

Greek		ροπή (inclination, proclivity, propensity, tendency, trend). (various references)

Hebrew		מומ� ט �"סבובים, קולר (clip, collar, neck chain, noose), אצע�"�" (bracelet, step-chain). (various references)

Hungarian		nyaklánc (collar, neck chain, necklace). (various references)

Indonesian		tenaga putaran. (various references)

Italian		momento torcente (torsional moment, twisting moment). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		トリパノソーマ症 (sleeping sickness, toluene, torque converter, tribune, trilemma, trill, trim, trimmer, trimming, triple, triple crown, triple jump, triple play, trivia, trivialism, trooper, truffle, trypanosoma, trypanosomiasis, Turkey, turquoise). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		トルク . (various references)

Korean		� 크 (Torques). (various references)

Manx		tork. (various references)

Pig Latin		orquetay

Portuguese		torque (contact). (various references)

Russian		вращающий момент. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		zlatana ogrlica, obrtna sila. (various references)

Spanish		torques, par motor (deflecting torque, driving couple, driving torque), par activo (driving couple), par (brace, couple, equal, even, like, pair, par, peer, placenta, rafter, time), momento torsor (torsional moment, twisting moment), momento de torsión (torsional moment, twisting moment), momento de giro (torsional moment, twisting moment), momento (instance, instant, minute, Mo, moment, momentum, piece, place, point, tick, time), esfuerzo de torsión (angular stress, torsion stress, torsional stress, twisting stress). (various references)

Swedish		vridmoment (bending moment, moment of a couple, moment of a force, moment of a torque, moment of force, torsional moment, turning moment, twisting moment). (various references)

Turkish		dönme momenti. (various references)

Ukrainian		кручений металевий браслет. (various references)

Welsh		aerwy (chain, collar, cow collar, neck-chain, ornamented torque or chain). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	torquere. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "torque": torqued, torquer, torquers, torques, torqueses. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Torque" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: lorsque, Nordqua, tirque, tonque, toqua, toqued, toquel, toquer, toqum, toquo, torau, torce, torge, torgue, torke, torq, torqe, torquay, Torquayor, torquer, torquey, torquier, tortue, torue, touque, troque, ttorque. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "torque" (pronounced tô"rk)
4	t ô" r k	stork.
3	-ô" r k	Cork, fork, pork, uncork, Wark.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Direct Anagrams: quoter, roquet.
	Words within the letters "e-o-q-r-t-u"
	-1 letter: outer, outre, quote, roque, route, toque.
	-2 letters: euro, rote, roue, rout, tore, tour, true.
	-3 letters: ore, ort, our, out, ret, roe, rot, rue, rut, toe, tor.
	-4 letters: er, et, oe, or, re, to, ut.
	Words containing the letters "e-o-q-r-t-u"
	+1 letter: croquet, equator, questor, quoters, roquets, torqued, torquer, torques.
	+2 letters: coquetry, croquets, equators, paroquet, quaestor, quatorze, questors, roqueted, torquate, torquers.
	+3 letters: croqueted, croquette, grotesque, paroquets, quaestors, quartzose, quatorzes, requestor, roqueting, sobriquet, torqueses, turquoise.
	+4 letters: coquetries, croqueting, croquettes, equatorial, grotesques, quaternion, quatrefoil, quercitron, questioner, quixotries, reconquest, requestors, sobriquets, soubriquet, tourniquet, turquoises.
	+5 letters: corequisite, equatorward, equivocator, forequarter, grotesquely, grotesquery, preconquest, quaternions, quatrefoils, quercitrons, questionary, questioners, reconquests, requisition, soubriquets, terraqueous, tourniquets, triquetrous, ventriloquy.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

54 6F 72 71 75 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

- --- .-. --.- ..- .

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010100 01101111 01110010 01110001 01110101 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#84 &#111 &#114 &#113 &#117 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0054 006F 0072 0071 0075 0065

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Country	Name
USA	Torque Engineering Corporation
	(more examples...)

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
torque wrench	414	torque measurement	20
torque converter	387	torque values	19
torque	357	tci torque converter	19
torque bolt	67	torque motor	19
torque specs	56	ford torque converter	18
torque conversion	47	torque sensor	18
hydraulic torque wrench	45	center torque	18
torque specification	42	torque vs horsepower	18
torque multiplier	38	hand tool screwdriver torque	17
comet torque converter	33	bolt torque specification	17
torque tester	33	bolt torque chart	16
torque limiter	30	thrust torque wheels	16
movie torque	30	torque engine	16
torque tool	29	pneumatic torque wrench	15
torque screwdriver	26	engine specs torque	15
torque transducer	25	torque stick	14
thrust torque	24	performance torque converter	14
torque shirt	22	proto torque wrench	14
high marine torque	21	chart torque	14
torque meter	21	definition torque	13
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Torque

Definition: Torque

Torque

Noun

Specialty Definition: Torque

Specialty Definition: Torque

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Torque

Synonym: Torque

Synonyms within Context: Torque

Jewelry

Crosswords: Torque

Modern Usage: Torque

Screenplays

Movie/TV Titles

Commercial Usage: Torque

References

Books

Music

Consumer Goods

Photo Album: Torque

Usage Frequency: Torque

Usage in Company Names: Torque

Torque Engineering Corporation

Expressions: Torque

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Torque

Modern Translation: Torque

Albanian

Arabic

Bulgarian

Chinese

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Farsi

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hebrew

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

Japanese Kanji

Japanese Katakana

Korean

Manx

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Russian

Serbo-Croatian

Spanish

Swedish

Turkish

Ukrainian

Welsh

Ancestral Language Translations: Torque

Derivations & Misspellings: Torque

Derivations

Misspellings

Rhyming with "Torque"

Anagrams: Torque

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Alternative Orthography: Torque

54 6F 72 71 75 65

- --- .-. --.- ..- .

01010100 01101111 01110010 01110001 01110101 01100101

&#84 &#111 &#114 &#113 &#117 &#101

0054 006F 0072 0071 0075 0065

548184838771

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