Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Tokamak |
TokamakNoun1. A doughnut-shaped chamber used in fusion research; a plasma is heated and confined in a magnetic bottle. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Physics | This term is an acronym created from the Russian words, ``TOroidalnaya KAmera ee MAgnitnaya Katushka,'' or ``Toroidal Chamber and Magnetic Coil'', and denotes a class of systems for the toroidal magnetic confinement of thermonuclear fusion plasmas. Originally designed by Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989) and developed in the USSR, the tokamak began setting performance records for magnetic confinement fusion systems in the late 1960s and remains the leading concept for magnetic confinement fusion today. The tokamak configuration is perhaps most easily visualized by considering a cylindrical vacuum tube (typically of D or O-shaped cross section) which has been bent around a symmetry axis into a torus. A solenoid coil wound around the original tube provides a strong toroidal magnetic field (which can vary from about 0.1 to over 10 Tesla). Magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium and stability are achieved through a combination of externally-driven toroidal plasma currents (up to tens of millions of Amperes, forming the necessary poloidal magnetic field) and externally applied vertical magnetic fields. Perhaps the easiest way to produce the toroidal plasma current is to orient a second solenoid along the symmetry axis of the torus and use the toroidal plasma as a 1-turn transformer secondary coil. The resulting ohmic heating is sufficient to produce temperatures on the order of 1 million K or more, depending on the plasma density and the capability of the toroidal field to confine the plasma. So far ohmic heating has been insufficient to produce fusion energy, however, and this mode of operation is inherently pulsed, which has motivated research into alternative methods of plasma current drive. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The tokamak is characterized by the use of the plasma current to generate the helical component of the magnetic field necessary for stable equilibria. This can be compared to another toroidal magnetic confinement device, the stellarator, in which all of the confining magnetic fields are produced by external coils and there is a negligible current flowing in the plasma.
See also: plasma physics, nuclear fusion, stellarator, Reversed field pinch, magnetic mirror, magnetohydrodynamics, Farnsworth-Hirsch Fusor, JET, ITER
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tokamak."
Crosswords: Tokamak |
| Specialty definitions using "tokamak": Beta Limit, Bootstrap Current ♦ Cross field diffusion ♦ Diamagnetic frequency ♦ High-mode or H-mode ♦ Low mode or L-Mode ♦ Next European Tokamak ♦ Rotational Transform ♦ Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses, Toroidal Pinch, Troyon Limit. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Tokamak" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 86.67% of the time. "Tokamak" is used about 30 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 86.67% | 26 | 68,323 |
| Noun (proper) | 13.33% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 30 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "tokamak": Next European Tokamak. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
tokamak | 22 |
reactor tokamak | 4 |
spherical tokamak | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "tokamak"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||
Danish | Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), TFR (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), næste europæiske tokamak (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Dutch | Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), TFR (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), volgende Europese tokamak (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Finnish | seuraavan polven eurooppalainen tokamak NET (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
French | Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), TFR (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), prochain tokamak européen (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
German | Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), TFR (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), Nächster Europäischer Tokamak (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Greek | ΝΕΤ (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus), Επόμενη Ευρωπαϊκή 'άση (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus), Επόμενο Ευρωπαϊκό Tokamak (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Italian | Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), TFR (Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses), prossimo tokamak europeo (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | デ杯 (bathroom, Davis Cup, lavatory, prerecorded announcement, restroom, talk, talk show, talkie, Taurus, tautology, toad, toast, toaster, tochka, toe, toe dance, toe kick, toeshows, together, Togo, toilet, toilet case, toilet paper, toilet powder, toilet soap, toiletry, Tokaji, Tokay, token, tokenism, toll, tollgate, tonal, tonality, tone, tone down, tooth, torch, torch lamp, torch relay, tornado, torus, total, Total Energy System, total fashion, total look, total product, totalizator system, tote bag, totem, totem pole, totemism, tournament, tournament pro, toxoplasma, true, try for point, tutti). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | トカマク . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | okamaktay próximo tokamak europeu (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) NET:Next European Torus (Next European Tokamak, Next European Torus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "tokamak": tokamaks. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-k-k-m-o-t" | |
-3 letters: amok, atma, atom, kaka, kata, mako, moat, taka. | |
-4 letters: ama, kat, koa, mat, moa, mot, oak, oat, oka, tam, tao, tom. | |
-5 letters: aa, am, at, ka, ma, mo, om, ta, to. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-k-k-m-o-t" | |
+1 letter: tokamaks. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)54 6F 6B 61 6D 61 6B |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)- --- -.- .- -- .- -.- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010100 01101111 01101011 01100001 01101101 01100001 01101011 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)T o k a m a k |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0054 006F 006B 0061 006D 0061 006B |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)54817767796777 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Usage Frequency | 5. Expressions 6. Expressions: Internet 7. Translations: Modern 8. Derivations | 9. Anagrams 10. Orthography 11. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
