Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Tobacco |
TobaccoNoun1. Leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion. 2. Aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "tobacco" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
Etymology: Tobacco \To*bac"co\, noun. [from Spanish expression tabaco, from the Indian tabaco the tube or pipe in which the Indians or Caribbees smoked this plant. Some derive the word from Tabaco, province of Yucatan, where it was said to be first found by the Spaniards; others from the island of Tobago, one of the Caribbees. But these derivations are very doubtful.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
19th Century Satire | A nauseating plant that is consumed by but two creatures; a large, green worm and--man. The worm doesn't know any better. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of tobacco, denotes success in business affairs, but poor returns in love. To use it, warns you against enemies and extravagance. To see it growing, foretells successful enterprises. To see it dry in the leaf, ensures good crops to farmers, and consequent gain to tradesmen. To smoke tobacco, denotes amiable friendships. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Food & Agriculture | The plant from which is obtained a substance which people smoke in pipes, cigars, and cigarettes, or which is formed into a block for people to chew. Source: European Union. (references) |
Slang in 1811 | TOBACCO. A plant, once in great estimation as a medicine: Tobacco hic Will make you well if you be sick. Tobacco hic If you be well will make you sick. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Tobacco
Tobacco plantsScientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Solanales Family: Solanaceae Genus: Nicotiana Species N. acuminata
N. alata
N. attenuata
N. clevelandii
N. excelsior
N. forgetiana
N. glauca
N. glutinosa
N. langsdorffii
N. longiflora
N. obtusifolia
N. paniculata
N. plumbagifolia
N. quadrivalvis
N. repanda
N. rustica
N. × sanderae
N. suaveolens
N. sylvestris
N. tabacum
N. tomentosa
Ref: ITIS 30562
as of 2002-08-28Tobacco is a broad-leafed plant of the nightshade family, indigenous to North America, whose dried and cured leaves are often smoked in the form of a cigar or cigarette, or in a smoking pipe, or in a water pipe or a hookah. Tobacco is also chewed, "dipped" (placed between the cheek and gum), and consumed as finely powdered snuff tobacco, which is sniffed into the nose. The word "tobacco" is an Anglicization of the Spanish word "tabaco", whose roots are unclear; it is thought to derive from a Native American word for the pipe in which tobacco was smoked.
Tobacco contains nicotine, a stimulant that is highly addictive. All of the mentioned means of consuming tobacco result in the absorption of nicotine in varying amounts into the user's bloodstream. Nicotine is a highly effective insecticide and is poisonous to humans although regular users of tobacco build up tolerance to a small amount. Additonal hazards of tobacco include the carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke. Many jurisdictions have enacted smoking bans in an effort to mimimize damage to public health due to tobacco smoking.
History
Native Americans smoked tobacco before Europeans arrived in America, and early European settlers America adopted the habit and brought it back to Europe with them, where it became hugely popular.
Since the beginnings of colonial America, long before the creation of the United States, tobacco, almost entirely on its own, fueled the colonization of New England. The notion that "America was built on tobacco" is far from inaccurate; and the initial colonial expansion, fueled by the desire to increase tobacco production, caused the first colonial conflicts with Native Americans, and also soon led to the use of African slaves for cheap labor.
Until 1883, tobacco excise tax accounted for one third of internal revenue collected by the United States government.
Varieties
Fire-Cured
Fire-cured smoking tobacco is a robust variety of tobacco used as a condimental for pipe blends. It is cured by smoking over fires. In the United States, it is grown in Missouri and northern Virginia. Latakia is a variety of N. rustica that is smoked over camel-dung fires in Cyprus and Syria.
Fire-cured tobacco grown in Kentucky and Tennessee is used in moist snuff.
Bright Tobacco
Prior to the American Civil War, the tobacco grown in the US was almost entirely fire-cured dark-leaf. This was planted in fertile lowlands, used a robust variety of leaf, and was fire cured or air cured.
Sometime after the War of 1812, demand for a milder, lighter, more aromatic tobacco arose. Ohio and Maryland both innovated quite a bit with milder varieties of the tobacco plant. Farmers around the country experimented with different curing processes. But the breakthrough didn't come until 1854.
It had been noticed for centuries that sandy, highland soil produced thinner, weaker plants. Abisha Slade, of Caswell County, North Carolina had a good deal of infertile, sandy soil, and planted the new "gold-leaf" varieties on it. When Stephen, Abisha's slave, used charcoal instead of wood to cure the crop, the first real "bright" tobacco was produced.
News spread through the area pretty quickly. The worthless sandy soil of the Appalachian piedmont was suddenly profitable, and people rapidly developed flue-curing techniques, a more efficient way of smoke-free curing. By the outbreak of the War, the town of Danville, Virginia actually had developed a bright-leaf market for the surrounding area in Caswell County, North Carolina and Pittsylvania County, Virginia.
Danville was also the main railway head for Confederate soldiers going to the front. These brought bright tobacco with them from Danville to the lines, traded it with each other and Union soldiers, and developed quite a taste for it. At the end of the war, the soldiers went home and suddenly there was a national market for the local crop. Caswell and Pittsylvania counties were the only two counties in the South that experienced an increase in total wealth after the war.
White Burley
In 1864, George Webb of Brown County, Ohio planted Red Burley seeds he had purchased, and found that a few of the seedlings had a whitish, sickly look. He transplanted them to the fields anyway, where they grew into mature plants but retained their light color. The cured leaves had an exceedingly fine texture and were exhibited as a curiosity at the market in Cincinnati. The following year he planted ten acres from seeds from those plants, which brought a premium at auction. The air-cured leaf was found to be mild tasting and more absorbant than any other variety. It thus became the main component in chewing tobacco, American blend pipe tobacco, and American-style cigarettes.
- See also : Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Tobacco Products
Snuff
Some it chew, Some it smoke, Some it up the nose do poke!Snuff is a generic term for fine-ground smokeless tobacco products. Originally the term referred only to dry snuff, a fine tan dust popular mainly in the eighteenth century. This is often called "Scotch Snuff", a folk-etymology derivation of the scorching process used to dry the cured tobacco by the factor.
European snuff is intended to be snorted up the nose, and is often scented or mentholated. American snuff is much stronger, and is intended to be dipped. It comes in two varieties -- "sweet" and "salty", and popular brands are Tube Rose and Levi Garrett. Until the early 20th century, snuff dipping was popular in the United States among rural women, who would often use sweet barkless twigs to apply it to their gums.
The second, and more popular, variety of snuff is moist snuff. This is occasionally referred to as "snoose" derived from the Scandinavian word for snuff, "snus". Like the word, the origins of moist snuff are Scandinavian, and the oldest American brands indicate that by their names. Moist snuff is made from fire-cured Kentucky burley tobacco, that is ground, sweetened, and aged by the factor. Prominent North American brands are Copenhagen, Skoal, and Kodiak. American moist snuff tends to be dipped.
In the Scandinavian countries, moist snuff come either in loose powder form or powder packaged in small bags, suitable for placing inside the upper lip. In the case of the unpackaged form, the snus will be baked and pressed into a small ball or ovoid either by hand or by use of a special tool. Prepackaded snuff is therefore called "portion snuff", whereas the loose powder variant is called "baking snuff".
Chewing Tobacco
Chewing is one of the oldest ways of consuming tobacco leaves. Native Americans in both North and South America chewed the leaves of the plant, frequently mixed with lime. Modern chewing tobacco is produced in three forms: twist, plug, and scrap.
Twist is the oldest form. One to three high-quality leaves are braided and twisted into a rope while green, and then are cured in the same manner as other tobacco. Until recently this was done by farmers for their personal consumption in addition to other tobacco intended for sale. Modern twist is occasionaly lightly sweetened. It is still sold commercially, but rarely seen outside of Appalachia. Popular brands are Mammoth Cave, Moore's Red Leaf, and Cumberland Gap. Users cut a piece off the twist and chew it, expectorating.
Plug chewing tobacco is made by pressing together cured tobacco leaves in a sweet (often molasses-based) syrup. Originally this was done by hand, but since the second half of the 19th century leaves were pressed between large tin sheets. The resulting sheet of tobacco is cut into plugs. Like twist, consumers cut a piece off of the plug to chew. Major brands are Day's Work and Cannonball.
Scrap, or looseleaf chewing tobacco, was originally the excess of plug manufacturing. It is sweetened like plug tobacco, but sold loose in bags rather than a plug. Looseleaf is by far the most popular form of chewing tobacco. Popular brands are Red Man, Beechnut, and Mail Pouch. Looseleaf chewing tobacco can also be dipped.
Gutka
Gutka is a confection-like tobacco product manufactured and used mainly in India. It contains sweeteners and flavorings and is marketed to children. It is used by placing it between one's cheek and gums.
See Also:
Tobacco Smoking
Smoking Cessation
Sources
Tilley's The Bright Tobaco Industry 1860-1929
John Graves' "Tobacco that is not Smoked" in From a Limestone Ledge (the sections on snuff and chewing tobacco)
That history of the Universal Leaf corporation (info about role of Danville-Richmond railroad in spread of Bright tobacco).
Killebrew and Myrick Tobacco Leaf 1906
TODO:
- more biology of the plant - growing conditions, etc.
- medical - epidemiology of lung cancer and heart disease, why it's carcinogenic, more on nicotine & addictiveness
- how is it cured/prepared for different uses?
- history - tobacco trade, triangular trade, role in development of the american south
- contemporary politics - anti-tobacco lawsuits & legislation
- find attribution for the snuff poem -- see John Graves's essay on snuff in From a Limestone Ledge
- history of varieties -- in US, colonial orinoco & sweet-scented. Also list USDA types and where they're grown. See www.ustobaccofarmer.com for a nice map.
- agriculture
- revise and rephrase
- tie down sources formatting
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tobacco."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| TobRV | English | Tobacco ringspot virus | Medicine |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: TobaccoSynonym: baccy (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Mart | Tobacco shop, tobacco store, tobacconists, cigar store, hardware store, jewelry shop, bookstore, liquor store, gun shop, rod and reel shop, furniture store, drugstore, chemist's, florist, flower shop, shoe store, stationer, stationer's, electronics shop, telephone store, music store, record shop, fur store, sporting goods store, video store, video rental store; lumber store, lumber yard, home improvements store, home improvement center; gas station, auto repair shop, auto dealer, used car dealer. |
Pungency | Nicotine, tobacco, snuff, quid, smoke; segar; cigar, cigarette; weed; fragrant weed, Indian weed; Cavendish, fid, negro head, old soldier, rappee, stogy. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Join me in a chaw of tobacco, Sergeant (She Wore a Yellow Ribbon; writing credit: Borden Chase; Stuart N. Lake) I know what this is, this is peer pressure. Any second now you're gonna make me smoke tobacco and have drugs (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) And St. Joan would chew tobacco! (Agnes of God; writing credit: John Pielmeier) No wonder tobacco companies get rich (A Shot in the Dark; writing credit: Marcel Achard; William Peter Blatty) I'm appointing you honorary agents in the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms (Beavis and Butt-head Do America; writing credit: Mike Judge;) | |
Clever | North Carolina: Tobacco Is A Vegetable (references; author: unknown) A cigarette is a pinch of tobacco, wrapped in paper, fire at one end, fool at the other. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Tobacco Roody (1970) The Girl From Tobacco Row (1966) Canada: Tobacco (1963) Dumb Dora Discovers Tobacco (1945) Tobacco Road (1941) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Shown is gum damage caused by the use of smokeless tobacco (spit tobacco). Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Line graph showing annual adult per capita cigarette consumption and major smoking and health events--United States, 1900-1998. Tobacco. Credit: CDC. |
 | Bar graph showing serum cotinine levels among persons aged 4 years and above--United States, third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Tobacco. Credit: CDC. |  | The ferry boat "Anne Marie", named for the wife of tobacco magnate R. J. Reynolds. This vessel makes the 5-mile trip 3-4 times daily from the mainland to Marsh Landing Dock on Sapelo Island. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Tobacco being topped on a Wake County farm. Credit: Bob Nichols. |  | Tobacco field in North Carolina. Credit: Bob Nichols. |
 | Tobacco harvest in southern Virginia. Credit: USDA. |  | A tenant farmer topping tobacco. Person county, NC. July 1939. . Credit: USDA. |
 | A migrant Mexican laboror carries a rack of dried tobacco leaves from a curing barn in the Danville, VA. Credit: USDA. |  | AMS Tobacco inspectors Jim Phipps (l) and Stella Carver inspect a bale of tobacco in a warehouse in the Danville, VA area. Credit: USDA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Tobacco" by Ariel C. Commentary: "Tobacco." | "Cuban Rum Shop" by Mark DeFaria Commentary: "A traditional rum and tobacco shop in Veradero, Cuba." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Emile Zola | Perfection is such a nuisance that I often regret having cured myself of using tobacco. |
Joseph A. Cannon | In legislation we all do a lot of "swapping tobacco across the lines." |
MoliFre | There's nothing quite like tobacco: it's the passion of decent folk, and whoever lives without tobacco doesn't deserve to live. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Tobacco, coffee, alcohol, hashish, prussic acid, strychnine, are weak dilutions; the surest poison is time. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Nor is it so strange, as perhaps before consideration it may appear, that the property of labour should be able to over-balance the community of land: for it is labour indeed that puts the difference of value on every thing; and let any one consider what the difference is between an acre of land planted with tobacco or sugar, sown with wheat or barley, and an acre of the same land lying in common, without any husbandry upon it, and he will find, that the improvement of labour makes the far greater part of the value. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | Suppose a duty on the export of cotton, of tobacco, or of flour; and a suit instituted to recover it. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | It smelt of tobacco. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | She stuck her ugly old face up at me when she said it and I had my mouth full of tobacco juice |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Then he settled back on the running board, pulled a sack of tobacco and a book of papers from his side pocket |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | I was at last bold enough to walk the street in his company, but kept my nose well stopped with rue, or sometimes with tobacco. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Don't use tobacco or alcohol. (references) | |
Don't smoke, chew tobacco, or drink alcohol. (references) | ||
Other forms of tobacco use also can cause cancer. (references) | ||
Business | Only goods such as motor vehicles, petrol, tobacco and alcohol are dutiable. (references) | |
Almost all of the world’s largest tobacco groups are operating on the Polish market. (references) | ||
Thirteen enterprises have licenses to manufacture and sell tobacco products in Poland. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Kazakhstan | The law restricts alcohol and tobacco advertising on television. (references) |
India | Certain government measures to control objectionable content on satellite channels--specifically, tobacco and alcohol advertisements-are still in effect and hold cable distributors liable under civil law. (references) | |
Economic History | South Africa | Tobacco, tea and sugar are the key export crops. (references) |
Political Economy | BAHRAIN | By contrast, the tobacco import duty increased from 70 to 100 percent. (references) |
HONDURAS | Alcohol, cigarettes, and tobacco products are assessed a 15 percent tax. (references) | |
Moldova | The leading exports are foodstuffs, wine, tobacco, clothing, and footwear. (references) | |
Trade | Hong Kong | The tax on tobacco is by volume. (references) |
Honduras | A 15% sales tax is applied to alcohol and tobacco. (references) | |
Bolivia | Special regulations govern the importation of cigars, cigarettes and tobacco. (references) | |
Travel | Cote D'ivoire | All other goods including tobacco and alcoholic beverages, whether imported for personal use or sale, including goods intended for residents of the Côte d'Ivoire are subject to duty. (references) |
France | Most public phones in France are equipped for the convenient "Telecartes" (pre-paid cards) available in tobacco shops, post offices and subway/railway stations at 100 francs for 100 units and 50 francs for 50 units. (references) | |
Pakistan | Visitors are allowed to import the following items free of duty: one camera and ten rolls of film; 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or one-half kilogram of manufactured tobacco; one personal computer (Laptop/notebook) along with accessories; personal effects, such as cameras, typewriters, tape recorders, binoculars, may also be admitted duty-free. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Tanzania | Work on sisal and tobacco plantations is particularly hazardous and detrimental to children. (references) |
Nicaragua | Over 140,000 children are employed in rural areas at coffee, tobacco, rice, and banana plantations. (references) | |
Malawi | There is significant child labor on tobacco and tea farms, subsistence farms, and in domestic service. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | MEERSCHAUM, n. (Literally, seafoam, and by many erroneously supposed to be made of it.) A fine white clay, which for convenience in coloring it brown is made into tobacco pipes and smoked by the workmen engaged in that industry. The purpose of coloring it has not been disclosed by the manufacturers. There was a youth (you've heard before, This woeful tale, may be), Who bought a meerschaum pipe and swore That color it would he! He shut himself from the world away, Nor any soul he saw. He smoke by night, he smoked by day, As hard as he could draw. His dog died moaning in the wrath Of winds that blew aloof; The weeds were in the gravel path, The owl was on the roof. "He's gone afar, he'll come no more," The neighbors sadly say. And so they batter in the door To take his goods away. Dead, pipe in mouth, the youngster lay, Nut-brown in face and limb. "That pipe's a lovely white," they say, "But it has colored him!" The moral there's small need to sing -- 'Tis plain as day to you: Don't play your game on any thing That is a gamester too. Martin Bulstrode |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | If Tobacco is So Deadly, Ban It Already! |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Agreements reached with the Japanese government, for example, will assure that the United States will be able to expand its exports to the Japanese market in such key areas as telecommunications equipment, tobacco, and lumber. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Tonight, I announce that Justice Department is preparing a litigation plan to take the tobacco companies to court. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Tobacco" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 93.92% of the time. "Tobacco" is used about 1,365 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 93.92% | 1,282 | 6,156 |
| Noun (proper) | 6.08% | 83 | 36,350 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,365 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "tobacco" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Tobacco | Last name | 170 | 45,129 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Australia | British American Tobacco (Australia) Ltd | Greece | Karelia Tobacco Company Inc. SA |
| Japan | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Malaysia | British American Tobacco (Malaysia) Berhad |
| Pakistan | Lakson Tobacco Company Limited | Singapore | British American Tobacco Company (Singapore) Limited |
| South Korea | Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation | United Kingdom | British American Tobacco p.l.c. |
| USA | Advanced tobacco products, Inc. | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "tobacco": bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms ♦ chew tobacco ♦ chewing tobacco ♦ common tobacco ♦ environmental tobacco smoke ♦ flowering tobacco ♦ food,beverages,and tobacco ♦ indian tobacco ♦ jasmine tobacco ♦ Korea Tobacco and Ginseng Corporation ♦ Korean Tobacco and Ginseng ♦ ladies' tobacco ♦ lady's tobacco ♦ mountain tobacco ♦ pipe tobacco ♦ Port Tobacco ♦ Port Tobacco Village ♦ quid of tobacco ♦ roll of tobacco ♦ tobacco amblyopia ♦ Tobacco box ♦ tobacco budworm ♦ tobacco camphor ♦ tobacco cloth ♦ tobacco fly ♦ tobacco heart ♦ tobacco hornworm ♦ tobacco industry ♦ tobacco juice ♦ tobacco leaf ♦ Tobacco man ♦ tobacco merchant ♦ tobacco mildew ♦ tobacco mosaic ♦ Tobacco Mosaic Virus ♦ Tobacco Mosaic Virus Satellite ♦ tobacco moth ♦ tobacco pipe ♦ tobacco pipefish ♦ tobacco plant ♦ tobacco pouch ♦ tobacco refuse ♦ tobacco scraps ♦ tobacco shop ♦ Tobacco Smoke Pollution ♦ Tobacco stopper ♦ tobacco thrips ♦ tobacco trade ♦ Tobacco Use Cessation ♦ Tobacco Use Disorder ♦ tobacco user ♦ tobacco warehouse ♦ tobacco wilt ♦ tobacco worker ♦ Tobacco worm ♦ tree tobacco ♦ turkish tobacco ♦ wild tobacco. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "tobacco": tobacco-advertising, tobacco-assisted, tobacco-box, tobacco-chewing, tobacco-drying, tobacco-farming, tobacco-free, tobacco-growing, tobacco-heavy, Tobacco-pipe clay, Tobacco-pipe fish, tobacco-related, tobacco-smoke, tobacco-spitting, tobacco-sponsored, tobacco-stained, Tobacco-to-insurance, Tobacco-to-jacuzzi, tobacco-yellowed. | |
Ending with "tobacco": anti-tobacco. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
tobacco | 2,577 | tobacco picture | 71 |
tobacco pipe | 907 | effects of tobacco | 62 |
tobacco product | 750 | glass tobacco pipe | 59 |
chewing tobacco | 354 | jr tobacco | 58 |
tobacco smoking | 277 | tobacco seed | 58 |
smokeless tobacco | 253 | cheap tobacco | 56 |
tobacco company | 174 | history of tobacco | 53 |
bureau of alcohol tobacco and firearm | 169 | tobacco use | 47 |
alcohol tobacco firearm | 124 | tobacco water pipe | 46 |
cigarette tobacco | 103 | tobacco advertising | 46 |
imperial tobacco group | 102 | kodiak tobacco | 45 |
imperial tobacco | 99 | skoal tobacco | 42 |
british american tobacco | 98 | tobacco lawsuit | 42 |
tobacco road | 97 | tobacco smoking pipe | 41 |
tobacco industry | 84 | growing tobacco | 40 |
discount tobacco | 83 | tobacco wholesale | 38 |
tobacco plant | 78 | rj reynolds tobacco | 37 |
copenhagen tobacco | 77 | tobacco leaf | 36 |
tobacco shop | 75 | rj reynolds tobacco company | 35 |
tobacco fact | 74 | brown and williamson tobacco | 35 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "tobacco"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | twak, tabak. (various references) | |
Albanian | duhani (nicotinic), duhan (smoke, the weed). (various references) | |
Arabic | تدخين (fumigation, smoking), تبغ (smoking, weed), سكاير. (various references) | |
Basque | tabako. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | тютюнев (nicotian), тютюн (weed), за тютюн. (various references) | |
Catalan | tabac. (various references) | |
Chinese | 菸 (cigarette), 烟草, 煙草 , 煙 (cigarette, smoke). (various references) | |
Czech | tabák. (various references) | |
Danish | tobak. (various references) | |
Dutch | tabak (American tobacco, common tobacco plant, Virginian tobacco). (various references) | |
Esperanto | tabako. (various references) | |
Faeroese | tubbak. (various references) | |
Farsi | تنباکو, توتون , دخانیات . (various references) | |
Finnish | tupakka. (various references) | |
French | tabac. (various references) | |
German | Tabak (baccy, tabacco). (various references) | |
Greek | καπνός (fume, smoke), καπνά. (various references) | |
Hebrew | טבק. (various references) | |
Hungarian | dohány (boodle, brass, chink, dough, lolly, rhino, scads, tin, weed). (various references) | |
Indonesian | tembakau (barrage). (various references) | |
Irish | tobac. (various references) | |
Italian | tabacco (tabac). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 莨 (cigarettes), 煙草 (cigarettes), タス通信 (assault, cigarettes, tack, tag out, tag up, tap, tap dance, TASS News Agency, tax, tax haven, touch, touch up, touchscreen). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たばこ (cigarettes), タバコ (cigarettes). (various references) | |
Korean | 담배 (Cigarette). (various references) | |
Malay | tembakau. (various references) | |
Manx | tombagey. (various references) | |
Norwegian | tobakk. (various references) | |
Occitan | tabat. (various references) | |
Papiamen | tabaku, tabako. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | obaccotay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | tabaco. (various references) | |
Romanian | tutun (baccy, shag, snuff, tobacco plant), tabagic, tabac (baccy, rappee, snuff), mahorcã (shag). (various references) | |
Russian | табачный (nicotian), табак табачный, табак. (various references) | |
Scottish | tombaca (nm. tobacco), spliùchan , spliùcan (tobacco pouch), spliùcan (tobacco pouch). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | duvanski (nicotian), duvan. (various references) | |
Spanish | tabaco (cicada, cigar, cigarette, smoke, snout, tabac, weed). (various references) | |
Sranan | tabaka. (various references) | |
Swahili | tumbako. (various references) | |
Swedish | tobak (baccy, negrohead, weed). (various references) | |
Tagalog | tabáko. (various references) | |
Turkish | tütün (baccy, pigtail, snout, weed). (various references) | |
Turkmen | temmдki. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | тютюнові вироби, тютюновий (nicotian), тютюн (weed). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | túi đựng thuốc lá (tobacco-pouch), hộp đựng thuốc lá (tobacco-box), điếu (tobacco-pipe). (various references) | |
Welsh | tybaco, myglys, baco. (various references) | |
Yucatec | k'uuts (marijuana). (various references) | |
Zulu | ugwayi. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | Nicotiana. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by | ||
