Tobacco Mosaic Virus

The Tobacco mosaic virus (abbreviated TMV) is an RNA-virus that infects plants, especially tobacco, showing characteristic patterns (mottling and discolouration) on the leaves (thus the name). TMV was the first virus to be discovered.

In 1883 Adolf Mayer first described the disease that could be transferred between plants, similar to bacterial infection. However, in 1889, Martinus Beijerinck showed that a filtered, bacteria-free culture medium still contained the infectious agent. First concrete evidence for its existence was given by Dmitri Ivanowski in 1892. In 1935, Wendell Meredith Stanley crystallized the virus for electron microscopy and showed that it remains active even afer crystallization. For his work, he was awarded 1/4 of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946. In 1955, Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Robley Williams showed that purified TMV RNA and its capsid (coat) protein assemble by themselves to functional viruses, indicating that this is the most stable structure (the one with the lowest free energy), and likely the natural assembly mechanism within the host cell.

Tobacco mosaic virus has a rod-like appearance. Its capsid is made from a single protein that assembles itself around the viral RNA in a helical structure (16.3 proteins per helix turn).

TMV's RNA sequence has been published in "American Chemical Society's Chemical Abstracts" in 1972 as a single word, Acetylseryltyrosylserylisol...serine, which supposedly is the longest word in the English language.

External links

Commercial Usage: Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Domain	Title
Books	Entropy-Driven Processes in Biology: Polymerization of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Protein and Similar Reactions (Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Bioph) (reference) The Life of a Virus: Tobacco Mosaic Virus As an Experimental Model, 1930-1965 (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Expression: Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Modern Translation: Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Language		Translations for "tobacco mosaic virus"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
French		Virus de la mosaïque du tabac. (various references)

German		Tabakmosaikvirus. (various references)

Pig Latin		obaccotay osaicmay irusvay
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Alternative Orthography: Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

54 6F 62 61 63 63 6F 4D 6F 73 61 69 63 56 69 72 75 73

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010100 01101111 01100010 01100001 01100011 01100011 01101111 00100000 01001101 01101111 01110011 01100001 01101001 01100011 00100000 01010110 01101001 01110010 01110101 01110011

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#84 &#111 &#98 &#97 &#99 &#99 &#111 &#32 &#77 &#111 &#115 &#97 &#105 &#99 &#32 &#86 &#105 &#114 &#117 &#115

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0054 006F 0062 0061 0063 0063 006F 004D 006F 0073 0061 0069 0063 0056 0069 0072 0075 0073

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Domain	Definition
Health	The type species of tobamovirus which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Expression	Frequency per Day
tobacco mosaic virus	24
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Definition: Tobacco Mosaic Virus