Thrombin

Definition: Thrombin

Thrombin

Noun

1. An enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot.

Note: Thrombin \Throm"bin\, noun. [See Thrombus.]. (Websters 1913)

Specialty Definitions: Thrombin

Domain	Definitions
Chemistry	Enzyme from blood plasma. Source: European Union. (references)
Health	An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Thrombin

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Thrombin (activated Factor II) is a coagulation protein that has many effects in the coagulation cascade. It is in fact a serine protease, so it cleaves proteins at certain locations. Its main effect is to turn fibrinogen into fibrin.

Thrombin is produced from prothrombin, which is essentially the inactive state of this protein and produced in the liver. Activated coagulation factors X and V are responsible for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Prothrombin is also called factor II and requires vitamin K to be produced.

The active form of factor II, thrombin, has a number of effects on other coagulation proteins. Its most direct effect on clot production is its conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, but it also feeds back on a number of locations in the coagulation cascade.

Thrombin feeds back, activating factor XI and factor VIII, increasing the flow through the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. Thrombin also activates factor V of the common pathway, which quickly increases its own production from prothrombin.

Factor XIII, the coagulation protein that stabilises the fibrin clot, is also activated. This increases the speed the fibrin in the clot is covalently linked to itself.

As well as the coagulation pathways, thrombin also promotes platelet aggregration.

Interestingly, thrombin activates protein C which inhibits coagulation. This happens on the surface of the endothelium, on a protein called thrombomodulin.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Thrombin."

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Crosswords: Thrombin

English words defined with "thrombin": factor II, factor III, factor X, factor XIII, fibrin, fibrinase, fibrinopeptide ♦ heparin ♦ Lipo-Hepin, Liquaemin ♦ prothrombin, prothrombinase ♦ thrombokinase, thromboplastin. (references)

Specialty definitions using "thrombin": Antithrombins ♦ Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide ♦ Factor VIIIa, Factor Xa, Fibrin Tissue Adhesive, Fibrinogens, Abnormal, Fibrinopeptide A, Fibrinopeptide B ♦ Gabexate ♦ Heparin Cofactor II ♦ Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor ♦ Platelet Aggregation, Platelet Factor 3, Platelet Factor 4, Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex, Protein C, Protein C Inhibitor ♦ Receptors, Thrombin ♦ Thrombin Time, Thrombomodulin, Thrombospondins. (references)

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Commercial Usage: Thrombin

Domain	Title
Books	Bioregulatory functions of thrombin (reference) Disorders of thrombin formation (reference) Inflammation and Coagulation Activity in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease: And the Influences of Thrombin Inhibition (Comprehensive Summaries of upps (reference) Recent Developments in the Field of Thrombin Inhibitors (reference) The Design of Synthetic Inhibitors of Thrombin (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 340) (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Thrombin

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		This toxin, which affects second messengers, blocked growth cone collapse from three very different inhibitory factors (collapsin-1, thrombin, and the myelin-associated factor). (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Thrombin

"Thrombin" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Thrombin" is used about 35 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	35	58,339

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Thrombin

Expression using "thrombin": Thrombin Time. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "thrombin": thrombin-induced.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Thrombin

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day
thrombin	20
thrombin time	3
bovine thrombin	3
inhibitor thrombin	2
anti iii thrombin	2
molecular thrombin weight	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Thrombin

Language		Translations for "thrombin"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Chinese		凝血酶. (various references)

Danish		trombin, thrombin, af hornkvæg (bovine), thrombin. (various references)

Dutch		trombine, van runderen (bovine), trombine. (various references)

Finnish		trombiini, nauta (bovine). (various references)

French		thrombine, bovine, thrombine. (various references)

German		Thrombin, von Rindern (bovine), Thrombin. (various references)

Greek		θρομβίνη. (various references)

Italian		trombina, bovina (bovine), trombina. (various references)

Pig Latin		ombinthray

Portuguese		trombina, bovina (bovine), enzima que se extrai do plasma sanguíneo. (various references)

Spanish		trombina, bovina (bovine), trombina. (various references)

Swedish		trombin, bovint (bovine). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Thrombin

Derivations
	Words beginning with "thrombin": thrombins. (additional references)
	Words ending with "thrombin": antithrombin, prothrombin. (additional references)
	Words containing "thrombin": antithrombins, prothrombins. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Thrombin" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: theromin, throbn, thromb, thrombie, thrombo. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Thrombin"

Words rhyming with "thrombin" (pronounced 'Throm"bin'): Aubin, Bilirubin, Bobbin, Calumbin, Chrysarobin, haemoglobin, hemoglobin, Methaemoglobin, Nubbin, Rabbin, Rubin, Sinalbin, Sorbin. (additional references)

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Anagrams: Thrombin

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "b-h-i-m-n-o-r-t"
	-1 letter: thrombi.
	-2 letters: bromin, intomb, rhombi.
	-3 letters: biont, birth, broth, intro, minor, mirth, month, nitro, north, orbit, rhino, rhomb, robin, thorn, throb.
	-4 letters: bint, born, bort, both, brim, brin, brio, brit, hint, horn, inro, into, iron, mint, morn, mort, moth, noir, nori, norm, obit, omit, riot, roti, thin, thio, thir, thro, tiro, tomb, tori, torn.
	Words containing the letters "b-h-i-m-n-o-r-t"
	+1 letter: thrombins.
	+3 letters: prothrombin, theobromine.
	+4 letters: antithrombin, prothrombins, theobromines.
	+5 letters: antithrombins, thrombokinase.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.