Testosterone

Definition: Testosterone

Testosterone

Noun

1. A potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes; responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics.

Date "testosterone" was first used: 1935. (references)

Specialty Definitions: Testosterone

Domain	Definitions
Health	A hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Specialty Definition: Testosterone

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. Its main function is as the male sex hormone. It is secreted by the testes, but is also synthesized in small quantities in the ovaries, cortices of the adrenal glands, and placenta, usually from cholesterol.

In the testes testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells. Due to dual function of the male gonad testosterone directly influences spermatogenesis. Transport of testosterone is performed by specific sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) that is found in the plasma. Then in the target tissues transformation of testosterone into 2.5 times more potent form 5α-dihydrotestosterone is carried out. The sequence of actions is needed for the hormone to exert its physiological role. First it binds to steroid hormone receptors located in the cytosol and the nucleus. These receptors are ligand-activated and in effect they undergo structural change that renders them capable of binding to specific nucleotide sequences in the DNA called hormone response elements (HREs). While bound they influence transcriptional activity of certain genes.

Testosterone was first isolated from a bull in 1935. Pharmaceutical products derived from testosterone have been used for a rather diverse range of indications: male infertility, athletic enhancement, libido problems, erectile dysfunction, prevention of osteoporosis caused by a lack of androgens. Real testosterone deficiency is rare and the indications for use must be chosen prudently.

Male fetuses need testosterone for the development of male external genitalia, and at puberty in males an increase in testosterone level causes further growth of male genitalia and the male secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair and voice changes. An excess of testosterone in women causes male-type physical development (masculinisation). Testosterone also stimulates protein synthesis and causes the greater muscular development of the male.

Its abuse by athletes to enhance muscular development is illegal.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Testosterone."

Top

Synonym: Testosterone

Synonym: Sex hormones. (additional references)

Top

Crosswords: Testosterone

English words defined with "testosterone": androsterone ♦ Durabolin ♦ hypogonadism ♦ Kabolin ♦ Leydig cell, Leydig's cell ♦ methyltestosterone ♦ nandrolone. (references)

Specialty definitions using "testosterone": 5-alpha, 5-alpha reductase ♦ aminoglutethimide, Anabolic Steroids, Androstenedione ♦ Comamonas testosteroni, Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 ♦ Epitestosterone ♦ Finasteride ♦ Hydroxytestosterones ♦ luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist ♦ Progesterone-Binding Globulin ♦ Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin. (references)

Top

Modern Usage: Testosterone

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Will someone open a window and let some of this testosterone out? (Three; writing credit: Javier Grillo-Marxuach)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Commercial Usage: Testosterone

Domain	Title
Books	Heroes, Rogues, and Lovers: Testosterone and Behavior (reference) Super 'T': The Complete Guide to Creating an Effective, Safe, and Natural Testosterone Supplement Program for Men and Women (reference) Testosterone (reference) The Testosterone Syndrome (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Non-Fiction Usage: Testosterone

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		The principal androgen of the testes is testosterone. (references)
		In adulthood, testosterone is essential for sperm production. (references)
		Ideally, XXY males should begin testosterone treatment as they enter puberty. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top

Spoken Usage: Testosterone

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Suzanne Somers	Little boys are so full of testosterone and energy, and I have two grandsons that bite each other constantly, but then the girls, they like to play in the corner, and they're just different.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Usage Frequency: Testosterone

"Testosterone" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 93.02% of the time. "Testosterone" is used about 43 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	93.02%	40	54,274
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	2.33%	1	339,140
Lexical Verb (base form)	2.33%	1	339,140
Noun (proper)	2.33%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	43	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Top

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Testosterone

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day
testosterone	2,492
low testosterone	220
testosterone cream	162
testosterone gel	158
testosterone level	108
testosterone therapy	105
1 testosterone	97
testosterone woman	84
depo testosterone	82
testosterone replacement	81
testosterone patch	77
testosterone replacement therapy	72
testosterone supplement	72
testosterone magazine	67
testosterone cypionate	63
testosterone deficiency	59
testosterone enanthate	48
testosterone injection	44
increase testosterone	40
natural testosterone	39
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Modern Translations: Testosterone

Language		Translations for "testosterone"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Chinese		睾�"�酮. (various references)

Danish		testosteron. (various references)

Dutch		testosteron. (various references)

Finnish		testosteroni. (various references)

French		testostérone. (various references)

German		testosteron. (various references)

Greek		τεστοστερόνη. (various references)

Italian		testosterone. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		テキスト終結 (end of text, rough texture, technetium, technetronic, technical, technical center, technical foul, technical knockout, technical point, technical term, technician, Technicolor, technics, technique, techno cut, techno lady, techno mart, techno sound, technocracy, technocrat, technoeconomics, technologies, technology, technology art, technology assessment, technology gap, technology transfer, technomist, technonationalism, technopeasant, technophobia, technopolis, techno-pop, techno-science, techno-stress, technostructure, teddy, teddy bear, Tektronics, tenant, tennis, tennis court, tennis elbow, tennis-wear, tenor, tenor sax, test, test campaign, test case, test driver, test marketing, test pattern, test pilot, test rider, testament, tester, testing, test-mail, test-set, Tetoron, tetrachloroethylene, tetracycline, Tetrapack, Tetrapod, Tetris, tetrodotoxin, texture). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		テストステロン . (various references)

Korean		테스� 스테� . (various references)

Pig Latin		estosteronetay

Portuguese		testosterona. (various references)

Russian		тестостерон. (various references)

Spanish		testosterona, testo/sterona. (various references)

Swedish		testosteron. (various references)

Thai		ฮอร์โมนเพศชายจากลูกอั�"ฑะสร้างลักษ�"ะผู้ชาย. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top

Ancestral Language Translations: Testosterone

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	testis. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Top

Derivations & Misspellings: Testosterone

Derivations
	Words beginning with "testosterone": testosterones. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Testosterone" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: tesosterone, testasterone, testesterone, testhosterone, testoserone, testosterine, testosteron, testostirone, testostorone, testostrone, testosturone, tetosterone. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top

Rhyming with "Testosterone"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "testosterone" (pronounced te'stÄ"sterō'n)
5	-s t er ō' n	progesterone.
3	-er ō' n	chaperone, Cicerone.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Top

Anagrams: Testosterone

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "e-e-e-n-o-o-r-s-s-t-t-t"
	-3 letters: oestrones, rottenest.
	-4 letters: estrones, oestrone, rosettes, serenest, stentors, sternest, strettos, testoons, tonettes.
	-5 letters: enroots, entrees, estrone, nesters, nestors, netters, noosers, renests, resents, retenes, retests, rosette, senores, serenes, settees, setters, sooners, soonest, stentor, stereos, stoners, streets, strette, stretto, teeners, teeters, tensest, tensors, tenters, tersest, testees, testers, testons, testoon, tetters, tonette, tooters, tootses, totters.
	Words containing the letters "e-e-e-n-o-o-r-s-s-t-t-t"
	+1 letter: testosterones.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.