Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Tellurium |
TelluriumNoun1. A brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Etymology: Tellurium \Tel*lu"ri*um\, noun. [New Latin expression, from the Latin expression tellus, -uris, the earth.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Chemistry | Chemical element:atomic number 52. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | Tellurium. An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression. (references) |
Mining | A trigonal mineral, Te , native tellurium; soft; sp gr, 6.2; semimetallic; in pyrite, sulfur, or in the fine dust of gold-telluridemines. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
| General | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Name, Symbol, Number | Tellurium, Te, 52 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series | metalloids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group, Period, Block | 16 (VIA), 5 , p | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density, Hardness | 6240 kg/m3, 2.25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | silvery lustrous gray | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic weight | 127.60 amu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius (calc.) | 140 (123)pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 135 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| van der Waals radius | 206 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Kr]44d10 5s2 5p4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e- 's per energy level | 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states (Oxide) | ±2, 4, 6 (mildly acidic) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State of matter | Solid (nonmagnetic) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 722.66 K (841.12 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 1261 K (1810 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar volume | 20.46 ×1010-3 m3/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 52.55 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 17.49 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vapor pressure | 23.1 Pa at 272.65 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound | 2610 m/s at 293.15 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | 2.1 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific heat capacity | 202 J/(kg*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical conductivity | 200 /m ohm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 2.35 W/(m*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st ionization potential | 869.3 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd ionization potential | 1790 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd ionization potential | 2698 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4th ionization potential | 3610 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5th ionization potential | 5668 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6th ionization potential | 6820 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7th ionization potential | 13200 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Most Stable Isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| SI units & STP are used except where noted. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
When crystalline, tellurium is silvery-white and when it is in its pure state it has a metallic luster. This is a brittle and easily pulverized metalloid. Amorphous tellurium is found by precipitating it from a solution of tellurous or telluric acid. However, there is some debate whether this form is really amorphous or made of minute crystals. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor that shows a greater conductivity in certain directions which depends on atomic alignment.
Chemically related to selenium and sulfur, the conductivity of this element increases slightly when exposed to light. It can be doped with copper, gold, silver, tin, or other metals. Tellurium has a greenish-blue flame when burned in normal air and forms tellurium dioxide as a result. When in its molten state, tellurium is corrosive to copper, iron, and stainless steel.
The 1960s brought growth in thermoelectric applications for tellurium, as well as its use in free-machining steel, which became the dominant use.
Commercial-grade tellurium, which is not toxic, is usually marketed as minus 200-mesh powder but is also available as slabs, ingots, sticks, or lumps. The yearend price for tellurium in 2000 was US 14 per pound.
Applications
It is mostly used in alloys with other metals. It is added to lead to improve its strength, durability and to decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid. When added to stainless steel and copper it makes these metals more workable. Other uses;
Tellurium is also used in blasting caps, and has potential applications in cadmium telluride solar panels. Some of the highest efficiencies for solar cell electric power generation have been obtained by using this material, but this application has not yet caused demand to increase significantly.
History
Tellurium (Latin tellus meaning "earth") was discovered in 1782 by Franz Joseph Muller von Reichstein in Romania. In 1798 it was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth who earlier isolated it. Occurrence
Tellurium is sometimes found in its native form, but is more often found as the telluride of gold (calaverite), and combined with other metals. The principal source of tellurium is from anode muds produced during the electrolytic refining of blister copper. Compounds
Tellurium is in the same series as sulfur and selenium and forms similar compounds. A compound with metal or hydrogen and similar ions is called a telluride. Gold and silver tellurides are considered good ore.
Isotopes
There are 30 known isotopes of tellurium with atomic masses that range from 108 to 137. Naturally found tellurium consists of eight isotopes (listed in the table to the right) .
Precautions
Humans exposed to as little as 0.01 mg/m3 or less in air develop "tellurium breath", which has a garlic-like odor. Tellurium and tellurium compounds should be considered to be toxic and need to be handled with care.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tellurium."
Synonym: TelluriumSynonym: atomic number 52 (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Tellurium |
| English words defined with "tellurium": Amphigen, atomic number 34, atomic number 84 ♦ graphic tellurium, Graphical statics ♦ Hydrotelluric ♦ Nagyagite ♦ polonium ♦ Se, selenium, Sylvanium ♦ Tellureted, telluric, telluride, Tellurite, tellurium acids, Tellurium glance, Tellurize, Tellurous. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "tellurium": bismuth telluride, black tellurium ♦ crude sulfur ♦ hondurasite ♦ sulfur group, sylvane ♦ telluric acid, tellurides, telluriferous ♦ yellow tellurium. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "tellurium": selenium ♦ Tellurate, Tellureted. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Tellurium" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Dutch (tellurium). |
| Domain | Title |
References | |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Tellurium" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Tellurium" is used about 7 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 7 | 133,076 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "tellurium": black tellurium ♦ graphic tellurium ♦ tellurium acids ♦ Tellurium glance. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
tellurium | 29 |
tellurium copper | 7 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "tellurium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | telur. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | معدن لامع ذو صفائح. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 碲 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | tellur. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | telluur, tellurium. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | teluro. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | tellure. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Tellur. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | τελλούριο. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | tellúr. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | tellurio. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | テルミット反応 (combination television and video-recorder, facsimile through television, home shopping network, tape recorder, telecast, telecine, telecommunication, teleconference, telecontrol system, teleconverter, telegenic, telegraph, telekinesis, telepathy, telephone club, telescan, telescope, teletex, teletext, Teletopia, teletype, teletypewriter, teletypewriter exchange, television, television camera, television continuity, television game, television network, television rating system, television set, television shopping, television talent, telex, terebinthina, thermit reaction, trekking, TV, video game). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | テルル . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | elluriumtay telúrio. (various references) теллур. (various references) telur. (various references) telurio. (various references) tellur. (various references) tellür. (various references) телур. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "tellurium": telluriums. (additional references) | |
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"Tellurium" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: telluria, tellurum, tllurium, velarium. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "tellurium" (pronounced teluh"rēum) |
| 4 | -r ē u m | aquarium, atrium, auditorium, bacterium, barium, crematorium, delirium, deuterium, disequilibrium, emporium, equilibrium, Herbarium, honorarium, moratorium, opprobrium, planetarium, thorium, yttrium. |
| 3 | -ē u m | alluvium, ammonium, axiom, beryllium, cadmium, calcium, cesium, chromium, colloquium, compendium, condominium, consortium, europium, fermium, gallium, geranium, gonium, gymnasium, hafnium, harmonium, helium, holmium, idiom, indium, iridium, lawrencium, linoleum, lithium, magnesium, medium, millennium, minium, myocardium, nephridium, neptunium, niobium, nobelium, opium, osmium, palladium, pandemonium, paramecium, petroleum, Plasmodium, plutonium, podium, polonium, potassium, premium, presidium, promethium, protium, psyllium, radium, requiem, rhodium, selenium, sodium, stadium, strontium, superpremium, symposium, tedium, thallium, titanium, tritium, uranium, vanadium, zirconium. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-i-l-l-m-r-t-u-u" | |
-2 letters: mullite, multure. | |
-3 letters: illume, iterum, luteum, miller, millet, milter, muller, mullet, mutuel, mutule, rillet, rutile, telium, tiller, tuille, tumuli. | |
-4 letters: ileum, iller, lemur, liter, litre, merit, miler, mille, miter, mitre, muter, relit, remit, rille, tiler, timer, trill, trull, tulle, uteri, utile. | |
-5 letters: emir, emit, etui, item, lier, lieu, lilt, lime, lire, lite, litu, lulu, lure, lute, mell, melt, merl, mile, mill, milt, mire, mite, mule, mull, mure, mute, riel, rile, rill, rime, rite, rule, tell, term, tier, tile, till, time, tire, tirl, trim, true, tule. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-i-l-l-m-r-t-u-u" | |
+1 letter: telluriums. | |
+3 letters: multinuclear. | |
+4 letters: multicellular. | |
+5 letters: multimolecular, multireligious, ultramasculine. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)54 65 6C 6C 75 72 69 75 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)- . .-.. .-.. ..- .-. .. ..- -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010100 01100101 01101100 01101100 01110101 01110010 01101001 01110101 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)T e l l u r i u m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0054 0065 006C 006C 0075 0072 0069 0075 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)547178788784758779 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Expressions 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Derivations 10. Rhymes 11. Anagrams 12. Orthography | 13. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
