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Definition: Telegraph |
TelegraphNoun1. Apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code). Verb1. Send cables, wires, or telegrams. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "telegraph" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1838. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Mining | A vertical rectangular timber or steel chute for the transfer of coal to a lower level. Strips of wood placed crosswise in the chute retard the downward flow, and the chute is kept full for the same purpose. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electric signals. Though some systems such as the British "needle" telegraph were in use by the 1830s, the first practical system was built in 1844 by Samuel Morse and was capable of transmitting over long distances using poor quality wire. The Morse code alphabet commonly used on the device was also named after Morse.Within 30 years of its invention, the telegraph network crossed the oceans to every continent, making instant global communication possible for the first time. Its development allowed newspapers to cover significant world events in near real-time, revolutionised business, particularly trading businesses, and allowed huge fortunes to be won and lost in an orgy of investment in research and infrastructure building reminiscent of the 1990s dot-com boom. Few inventions have ever had greater impact.
On January 6, 1838 Morse first publicly demonstrated the electrical telegraph. The first electronic telegram was sent by Morse on May 24, 1844 from Baltimore to Washington, D.C, and said "What hath God wrought!" (from the Biblical book of Numbers 23:23: Surely there is no enchantment against Jacob, neither is there any divination against Israel: according to this time it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel, What hath God wrought!).
See also telegraphy.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Electrical telegraph."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Telegraphy is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters. This definition includes recent forms of data transmission such as fax, email, and computer networks in general. (A telegraph is a machine for transmitting and receiving messages over long distances, i.e. for telegraphy.)
The first telegraphs were optical, including the use of smoke signals and beacons. These have existed since ancient times. A semaphore network invented by Claude Chappe operated in France from 1792 through 1846. It helped Napoleon enough that it was widely imitated in Europe and the U.S. The last (Swedish) commercial semaphore link left operation in 1880.
- Before the internet came into general use, telegraphy messages were known as telegrams or cablegrams, often shortened to a cable or a wire message. Telegrams sent by the Telex network, a switched network of teleprinters similar to the telephone network, were known as a telex message. Before long distance telephone services were readily available, telegram services were very popular. Telegrams were often used to confirm business dealings and, unlike e-mail, telegrams were commonly used to create binding legal document for business dealings.
- Before fax machines came into general use, wire picture or wire photo was a newspaper picture that was sent from a remote location by a facsimile telegraph. This is why many fax machines have a photo option even today.
- The first fax machine was introduced in 1912, known as the Telex-Faxomatic, and primarily used for the transmission of lunch orders from busy factory floors to any number of delies and cafeterias.
Semaphores are faster than smoke signals and beacons and consume no fuel. They are hundreds of times as fast as post riders and serve entire regions. However they require operators and towers every 30 km (20 mi), and only send about two words per minute. This causes them to have a cost per word-mile roughly thirty times as high as electric telegraphs. This is useful to government, but too expensive for most commercial uses other than commodity price information.
The first commercial electrical telegraph constructed by Sir Charles Wheatstone entered use in London in 1838. An electrical telegraph was US-patented in 1842 by Samuel Morse, whose assistant, Alfred Vail developed the Morse code signalling alphabet. It was quickly deployed in the following two decades. Nikola Tesla and other scientists and inventors showed the usefulness of wireless telegraphy, or radio, beginning in the 1860s.
A continuing goal in telegraphy has been to reduce the cost per message by reducing hand-work, or increasing the sending rate. There were many experiments with moving pointers, and various electrical encodings. However, most systems were too complicated and unreliable.
With the invention of the teletypewriter, telegraphic encoding became fully automated. Early teletypewriters used Baudot code, a 5-bit code. This yielded only thirty two codes, so it was over-defined into two "shifts," "letters" and "figures." An explicit, unshared shift code prefaced each set of letters and figures.
A standard timing system developed for telecommunications. The "space" state was defined as the powered state of the wire. In this way, it was immediately apparent when the line itself failed. The characters were sent by first sending a "start bit" that pulled the line to the unpowered "mark state." The start bit triggered a wheeled commutator run by a motor with a precise speed (later, digital electronics). The commutator distributed the bits from the line to a series of relays that would "capture" the bits. A "stop bit" was then sent at the powered "space state" to assure that the commutator would have time to stop, and be ready for the next character. The stop bit triggered the printing mechanism. Often, two stop bits were sent to give the mechanism time to finish and stop vibrating.
The transatlantic telegraph cable was then successfully completed on July 27, 1866 which for the first time allowed transatlantic telegraph communications. Another advance occurred on August 9, 1892, when Thomas Edison received a patent for a two-way telegraph.
By 1935 message routing was the last great barrier to full automation. Large telegraphy providers began to develop systems that used telephone-like rotary dialing to connect teletypes. These machines were called "telex." Telex machines first performed rotary-telephone-style pulse dialing, and then sent baudot code. This "type A" telex routing functionally automated message routing.
The Third Reich invented the first wide-coverage telex system, and used it to coordinate their bureaucracy. It was a true triumph of German efficiency.
At the then-blinding rate of 45.5 bits per second, up to 25 telex channels could share a single long-distance telephone channel, making telex the least expensive method of performing reliable long-distance communication.
In 1970 Cuba and Pakistan were still running 45.5 baud type A telex. Telex is still widely used in third-world bureaucracies, probably because of its low costs. The U.N. asserts that more political entities are reliably available by telex than by any other single method.
When dictatorships cut off telephone, fax and internet service, their telex networks remain up. A major advantage for dictatorships is that telex networks are easy to tap: Taps automatically generate complete transcripts.
Around 1960[?], some nations began to use the "figures" baudot codes to perform "Type B" telex routing.
Telex grew around the world very rapidly. Long before automatic telephony was available, most countries, even in central Africa and Asia, had at least a few high-frequency (shortwave) telex links. Often these radio links were the first established by government postal and telegraph services (PTTs). The most common radio standard, CCITT R.44 had error-corrected retransmitting time-division multiplexing of radio channels. Most impoverished PTTs operated their telex-on-radio (TOR) channels non-stop, to get the maximum value from them.
The cost of telex on radio (TOR) equipment has continued to fall. Many amateur radio operators ) operate TOR with special softare and inexpensive adapters from computer sound cards to shortwave radios.
Modern "cablegrams" or "telegrams" actually operate over dedicated telex networks, using TOR whenever required.
In Germany alone, more than 400,000 telex lines remain in daily operation. Over most of the world, more than three million telex lines remain in use.
Almost in parallel with Germany's telex system, Bell Labs in the 1930s decided to go telex one better, and began developing a similar service (with pulse dialing and all!) called "Teletype Wide-area eXchange" (TWX).
TWX originally ran 75 bits per second, sending Baudot code and dial selection. However, Bell developed a second generation of "four row" modems called the "Bell 101 dataset," which is the direct ancestor of the Bell 103 that launched computer time-sharing. The 101 was revolutionary because it ran on ordinary subscriber lines that could (at the office) be routed to special exchanges called "wide-area data service." Because it was using the public switched telephone network, TWX had special area codes: 510, 610, 710, 810 and 910, some of which remain in use.
The "four row" TWX service had "control characters" that let the machine behave like office typewriters. These provided paragraph indentation, form feeds, and other services that were never available with Baudot codes. However, the TWX code only used 93 of 128 characters.
The Teletype corporation was founded by a Dr. Kleinschmidt. It had the cheapest teletypewriters that could be adapted to the TWX code. Bell purchased the corporation to assure its supply of "model 33" TWX teletypewriters.
The model 33 was the cheapest teletypewriter available for use with computers. Computer people of course wanted a full set of characters. Teletype provided them.
ASCII was born from TWX code. It was formalized as CCITT international alphabet 5. Careful study will show that ASCII traces many character codes back to Baudot, which in turn traces some characters back to manual telegraphy.
Bell's original consent agreement limited it to international dial telephony. WUTCo (Western Union Telegraph Company) had given up its international telegraphic operation in a 1939 bid to monopolize U.S. telegraphy by taking over ITT's PTT business. The result was deemphasis on telex in the U.S. and a cat's cradle of small U.S. international telex and telegraphy companies. These were known by regulatory agencies as "International Record Carriers"
Bell telex users had to select which IRC to use, and then append the necessary routing digits. The IRCs converted between TWX and Western Union Telegraph Co. standards.
- Western Union Telegraph Company developed a spinoff called "Cable System." Cable system later became Western Union International.
- ITT's "World Communications" was amalgamated from many smaller companies: "Federal Telegraph," "All American Cables and Radio," "Globe Wireless," and a common carrier division of Mackay Marine.
- RCA communications had specialised in crossing the Pacific. It later joined with Western Union International to become MCI.
- Before World War I, Tropical Radiotelegraph put radio telegraphs on ships for its owner, The United Fruit Company, in order to deliver bannanas to the best-paying markets. Communications expanded to UFC's plantations, and were eventually provided to local governments. TRT Telecommunications (as it is now known) eventually became the national PTT of many small nations.
- The French Telegraph Cable Company (owned by French investors) had always been in the U.S. It laid cable from the U.S. to France. It was formed by "Monsieur Puyer-Quartier." This is how it got its telegraphic routing ID "PQ."
- Firestone Rubber developed its own IRC, the "Trans-Liberia Radiotelegraph Company." It operated shortwave from Akron OH to the rubber plantations in Liberia. TL is still based in Akron.
Around 1965, in a near-psychotic break with existing standards, DARPA commissioned a study of decentralized switching systems, hoping to find something more advanced than TOR that could still hope to survive a nuclear war. The contractors developed the internet.
The internet was a radical break in three ways. First, it was designed to operate over any media. Second, routing was decentralized. Third, large messages were broken into fixed size packets, and then reassembled at the destination. All previous networks had used controlled media, centralized routers and dedicated connections.
The internet was designed with nearly grotesque economies. It is commonplace for internet packets to use less than 1% of their bits for overhead. This cheapness combines synergistically with the internet's ability to live on other media. A typical cycle occurs when the internet encounters another network, like telex, fidonet, ATM, or (as we are seeing with cable-modem based internet phones) the public switched telephone network:
Around this time, T-1 "synchronous" networks became commonplace in the U.S. A T-1 line has a "frame" of 24 bits that repeats 64000 times per second. The first bit, calle the "sync" bit, was used to find the start of the frame. It alternates between 1 and 0. Customarily, a T-1 link is sent over a balanced twisted pair, isolated with transformers to prevent current flow. Each bit of a frame is usually used to send a single voice or data channel. The Europeans began to use a similar system (E-1) that sent bits as "octets" of eight related bits.
- First, internet protocols are tunneled through the other network, as a convenience, usually for some specialized or office application.
- Second, users come to expect the reliable global interconnectivity of the Internet, often for e-mail, or nowadays, for web access. Just because it's old and well debugged, the internet can seduce a user with a young, poorly behaved proprietary network.
- Third, native applications of the competing network are deprecated, often because "nonproprietary" internet versions of similar services become available.
- Fourth, an alternative cheaper or higher-speed internet-compatible medium becomes available, and the organization begins to install it.
- Fifth, the proprietary network is rationalized out of existence as a cost-cutting maneuver, often because the internet protocols have such low percentages of overhead (i.e. wasted) data.
In 1982, the U.S. Congress deregulated the IRCs. They began combining to get economies of scale. All of their descendants offer voice, video and data services.
In 1992, computer access via modem combined with cheap computers, and graphic point & click interfaces to give a radical alternative to conventional telex systems: personal e-mail.
E-mail was first invented for Multics in the late 1960s. However it was limited to a single computer until the internet connected them around 1968. Various private networks (UUNET, the Well, GENIE, DECNET) had e-mail from the 1970s, but subscriptions were quite expensive for an individual- $25 to $50 a month, just for e-mail. Internet use was then pretty much limited to government, academia and other government contractors until the net was opened to commercial use around 1989[?]. Individual e-mail accounts were not widely available until local ISPs were in place, funded by people's desire for web access. This was about 1992.
By using the time-shared systems almost end-to-end, the cost of data communications plummeted to less than 10 cents a message.
International Telex remains available via e-mail ports. It is one's e-mail address with numeric or alpha prefixes specifying one's IRC and account.
Telex has always had a feature called "answerback", that asks a remote machine to send its address. If using telex via e-mail, this address is what a remote telex user will want in order to contact an e-mail user.
This is how smoke-signals became modern digital telecommunications.
See optical telegraph, electrical telegraph, Morse code, Samuel Morse.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Telegraphy."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| TEL,tel | English | Telegraph | Post & Telecom |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: TelegraphSynonyms: telegraphy (n), cable (v), wire (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Haste | Adverb: with haste, with all haste, with breathless speed; in haste; Adjective: apace; (swiftly); amain; all at once; (instantaneously); at short notice; immediately; (early); posthaste; by cable, by express, by telegraph, by forced marches. |
Indication | Signal, signal post; rocket, blue light; watch fire, watch tower; telegraph, semaphore, flagstaff; cresset, fiery cross; calumet; heliograph; guidon; headlight. |
Information | Announce, annunciate; report, report progress; bringword, send word, leave word, write word; telegraph, telephone; wire; retail, render an account; give an account; (describe); state; (affirm). |
Messenger | Telegraph, telephone; cable, wire (electronic information transmission); carrier pigeon. |
News | Adverb: as the story goes, as the story runs; as they say, it is said; by telegraph, by wireless. |
Velocity | Lightning, greased lightning, light, electricity, wind; cannon ball, rocket, arrow, dart, hydrargyrum, quicksilver; telegraph, express train; torrent. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | It isn't easy remaining calm in the face of excessive praise from The Daily Telegraph. (Carrington; writing credit: Christopher Hampton; Michael Holroyd) I'm Hastings, the telegraph agent (Bad Day at Black Rock; writing credit: Howard Breslin; Don McGuire) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Overland Telegraph (1951) The House on Telegraph Hill (1951) El Telegraph (1938) The Telegraph Trail (1933) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
References |
|
Books | |
Periodicals | |
Theater & Movies | |
Music |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Amos Kendall - the 4th Auditor under Andrew Jackson Adversary of Ferdinand Hassler Telegraph entrepreneur in later career. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | The outer telegraph station. In: "The Annals of San Francisco". Frank Soule, John Gihon, and James Nesbit. 1855. Page 464. D. Appleton & Company, New York. F869.S3.S7 1855. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | The inner telegraph station. In: "The Annals of San Francisco". Frank Soule, John Gihon, and James Nesbit. 1855. Page 465. D. Appleton & Company, New York. F869.S3.S7 1855. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Figure 8. Skead sounder invented by Francis Skead during telegraph survey operations between Malta and Crete off HMS TARTARUS in 1857. This device was designed to mitigate problems with the Brooke and Bonnici sounders. The first would sink in soft sediment without detaching the weight while the second rarely returned samples. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Figure 20. Lucas scoop sounder, invented in 1891 by Francis Lucas of the English Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company, this instrument was also called the "snapper." It was used primarily by ships engaged in submarine cable laying. It is a derivative of the Ross device, with elements of the British bulldog sounder. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Telegraph Pass Communication Facility. Credit: Unknown. |
 | Caption: Edison at the Telegraph Key; West Orange, NJ; July 28, 1920; {14.610/4} (jpg). |  | Pilothouse scene, looking to starboard, 18 January 1938. Note men at the engine order telegraph and helm, and Radioman at the communications table at right. Credit: NAVY. |
 | Jake the telegraph clerk, who was too small to be a soldier, had talked to her by the hour. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Telegraph boys at lunch. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "French telegraph pole at dawn" by Philip Jackson Commentary: "French Telegrpah pole by holiday house." | "Telegraph cable 3" by Bjarte Kvinge Tvedt Commentary: "An old sign ; "telegraph cable" in Swedish. ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Friedrich Nietzsche | The press, the machine, the railway, the telegraph are premises whose thousand-year conclusion no one has yet dared to draw. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | News wires are used by professional journalists, and have existed since the invention of the telegraph. (references) | |
Business | C&W offers PSTN, telex, telegraph, leased line, X.25 and paging. (references) | |
Sprint is a partner in Global One - a joint venture with Russian Central Telegraph, Deutsche Telekom (Germany) and France Telekom (France). (references) | ||
Deutsche Telekom (Germany) and France Telekom (France) are founders (together with the U.S. company Sprint) of Global One. Global One, through a joint venture with Russian Central Telegraph, provides all telecommunication solutions except for cellular services. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Guyana | The existing laws--the Post and Telegraph Act and Wireless Telegraphy Regulations--are to remain in effect until a Commission on Broadcasting develops new broadcasting legislation. (references) |
Economic History | Kuwait | Year two initiates privatization of post office, telegraph, and telecommunications services. (references) |
Guyana | One negative aspect has been the experience of Guyana Telephone & Telegraph with rate regulations. (references) | |
Human Rights | India | The Indian Telegraph Act authorizes the surveillance of communications, including monitoring telephone conversations and intercepting personal mail, in case of public emergency or "in the interest of the public safety or tranquillity." Every state government has used these powers, as has the central Government. (references) |
Kazakhstan | The Constitution provides that citizens have the right to "confidentiality of personal deposits and savings, correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraph, and other messages"; however, the limitation of this right is allowed "in cases and according to procedures directly established by law." The KNB and Ministry of Interior, with the concurrence of the Prosecutor General's Office, interfere with citizens' privacy and correspondence. (references) | |
Political Economy | JAPAN | Procurement from foreign sources by the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) group companies, which collectively are the largest purchaser of telecommunications' equipment in Japan, remain below the level of foreign procurement by Japanese private sector telecommunications' carriers. (references) |
Travel | Kenya | Kenya Telephone and Telegraph has discontinued its "collect call" facility. (references) |
Honduras | Local telegraph service is available at a rate of Lps. 1.10 for a five-word message. (references) | |
Honduras | International telegraph service to the United States is also available at a rate of LPS.3.36 per word; this rate per word includes name and address. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Bangladesh | With the exception of workers in the railway, postal, telegraph, and telephone departments, civil servants, police, and military personnel are forbidden to join unions in large part because of the highly political nature of those unions. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | FOOL, n. A person who pervades the domain of intellectual speculation and diffuses himself through the channels of moral activity. He is omnific, omniform, omnipercipient, omniscience, omnipotent. He it was who invented letters, printing, the railroad, the steamboat, the telegraph, the platitude and the circle of the sciences. He created patriotism and taught the nations war -- founded theology, philosophy, law, medicine and Chicago. He established monarchical and republican government. He is from everlasting to everlasting -- such as creation's dawn beheld he fooleth now. In the morning of time he sang upon primitive hills, and in the noonday of existence headed the procession of being. His grandmotherly hand was warmly tucked-in the set sun of civilization, and in the twilight he prepares Man's evening meal of milk-and-morality and turns down the covers of the universal grave. And after the rest of us shall have retired for the night of eternal oblivion he will sit up to write a history of human civilization. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Ulysses S. Grant | 1869-1877 | Commerce, education, and rapid transit of thought and matter by telegraph and steam have changed all this. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Telegraph" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 77.54% of the time. "Telegraph" is used about 1,063 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 77.54% | 824 | 8,492 |
| Noun (singular) | 19.92% | 212 | 20,813 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.69% | 18 | 82,615 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.75% | 8 | 124,375 |
| Noun (common) | 0.09% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,063 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Japan | Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation | Philippines | Philippine Telegraph & Telephone Corp. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Telegraph, TX |
Expressions using "telegraph": Acoustic telegraph ♦ bush telegraph ♦ by telegraph ♦ Conference on European Post and Telegraph ♦ Consultant Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph ♦ Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone ♦ Dial telegraph ♦ Electric telegraph ♦ Facsimile telegraph ♦ grapevine telegraph ♦ Indicator telegraph ♦ international telegraph alphabet ♦ Magnetic telegraph ♦ needle telegraph ♦ omnibus telegraph system ♦ printing telegraph ♦ signal telegraph ♦ solar telegraph ♦ submarine telegraph cable ♦ telegraph alphabet ♦ telegraph board ♦ Telegraph cable ♦ telegraph clerk's cramp ♦ telegraph code ♦ telegraph connection ♦ telegraph conversation ♦ telegraph creepers ♦ telegraph dot ♦ telegraph form ♦ telegraph key ♦ telegraph line ♦ telegraph magnifier ♦ telegraph network ♦ telegraph noise ♦ telegraph office ♦ telegraph operator ♦ telegraph plant ♦ telegraph pole ♦ telegraph post ♦ telegraph relation ♦ telegraph service ♦ telegraph set ♦ telegraph wire ♦ telegraph writer's cramp ♦ telegraphy or telegraph ♦ wireless telegraph. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "telegraph": telegraph-boy, telegraph-ese, telegraph-operator, telegraph-pole, telegraph-poles, telegraph-wires, telegraph-workers. | |
Ending with "telegraph": bush-telegraph, electric-telegraph, Pan-telegraph, pre-telegraph, writing-telegraph. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "telegraph"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | telegrafeer. (various references) | |
Albanian | Telegrafoj (cable, send a telegram, send a wire, wire), Telegraf (wire). (various references) | |
Arabic | تلغراف, أرسل برقية, برقية (cable, cablegram, despatch, dispatch, telegram, wire), برق (cable, flamboyance, flamboyancy, fulgurite, glimmer, lightning, mail, shimmer, telegram, thunderbolt, wire). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | Телеграфен, Телеграфирам, Телеграфически, Телеграф, Давам Знак На. (various references) | |
Chinese | 通信机, 電報機 , 電報 (cable, telegram). (various references) | |
Czech | Telegrafovat (cable, wire), Telegraf (radiotelegraph). (various references) | |
Danish | telegrafere, telegraf, styremaskine (driven telemotor, telemotor driving), maskintelegraf. (various references) | |
Dutch | telegraferen (dispatch), telegraaf (tel., teleg., telegraphy), overseinen. (various references) | |
Esperanto | telegrafo, telegrafi. (various references) | |
Faeroese | telegrafur, fjarritil. (various references) | |
Farsi | مخابره تلگرافی , تلگراف (Dispenser, Telegram, Telegraphy, Ticker), دستگاه تلگراف . (various references) | |
Finnish | lennätin. (various references) | |
French | télégraphe. (various references) | |
Frisian | telegrafearje. (various references) | |
German | telegraphieren (cable, telegram, wire), Telegraph, Telegraf (teleg, telegraphy). (various references) | |
Greek | τηλέγραφος (Wandering-Jew). (various references) | |
Hebrew | ָלגרף. (various references) | |
Hungarian | Távíró (tg). (various references) | |
Icelandic | sími (cable, telephone, wire), síma (telephone). (various references) | |
Indonesian | telegrap, mengirim kawat. (various references) | |
Italian | Telegrafo. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 電信 , テルミット反応 (combination television and video-recorder, facsimile through television, home shopping network, tape recorder, telecast, telecine, telecommunication, teleconference, telecontrol system, teleconverter, telegenic, telekinesis, telepathy, telephone club, telescan, telescope, teletex, teletext, Teletopia, teletype, teletypewriter, teletypewriter exchange, television, television camera, television continuity, television game, television network, television rating system, television set, television shopping, television talent, telex, tellurium, terebinthina, thermit reaction, trekking, TV, video game), 打電 (sending a telegram). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | テレグラフ , でんしん (country gentleman), だでん (sending a telegram). (various references) | |
Korean | 전신. (various references) | |
Manx | chellegrafey, chellegraf. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | elegraphtay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | telégrafo (ticker, wire). (various references) | |
Romanian | Telegrafic (by wire, telegraphic), Telegraf (telegraphy, ticker), Semafor (light, semaphore, street light). (various references) | |
Russian | телеграфировать телеграф телеграфный, Телеграфировать, Телеграф. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | telegrafisati (wire), telegraf (wireless). (various references) | |
Spanish | Telégrafo. (various references) | |
Swedish | telegraf (wire), telegrafera (cable, wire). (various references) | |
Thai | ส่งโทรเลข (cable), สื่อสารแบบไม่ใช้คำพูด, ระบบการส่งโทรเลข. (various references) | |
Turkish | Telgrafla Göndermek (wire), Telgraf Makinesi, Telgraf Çekmek, Telgraf (cable, cablegram, radio, telegram, tellotype, wire), Panoda Göstermek, Belli Etmek (argue, evince, express, give vent to, let on, make clear, register, reveal, shadow, shadow forth, shadow out, show, sound, vent), Ýsim Panosu, Ýma Etmek. (various references) | |
Turkmen | telegrafirlemek (r). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | Телеграфувати, Телеграф, Телеграма, Семафор, Сигналізувати. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | máy điện báo. (various references) | |
Welsh | pellebru. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "telegraph": telegraphed, telegrapher, telegraphers, telegraphese, telegrapheses, telegraphic, telegraphically, telegraphies, telegraphing, telegraphist, telegraphists, telegraphs, telegraphy. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "telegraph": radiotelegraph. (additional references) | |
Words containing "telegraph": phototelegraphies, phototelegraphy, radiotelegraphies, radiotelegraphs, radiotelegraphy. (additional references) | |
| |
"Telegraph" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Chelgraph, telegrapg, telegraphe. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "telegraph" (pronounced te"lugra'f) |
| 5 | -u g r a' f | autograph, choreograph, hectograph, lithograph, mimeograph, monograph, paragraph, phonograph, photograph, spectrograph. |
| 4 | -g r a' f | polygraph. |
| 3 | -r a' f | riffraff. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-e-g-h-l-p-r-t" | |
-2 letters: haltere, heeltap, leather, petrale, pleater, preheat, prelate, replate, telpher. | |
-3 letters: aether, eaglet, elater, ergate, galere, gather, gelate, halter, healer, heater, helper, hereat, lather, leaper, legate, palter, parget, pelage, pelter, petrel, plater, regale, reglet, reheat, relate, repeal, repeat, retape, telega, tephra, teraph, tergal, thaler, threap, threep. | |
-4 letters: aglee, aglet, agree, aleph, alert, alter, apter. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-e-g-h-l-p-r-t" | |
+1 letter: telegraphs, telegraphy. | |
+2 letters: telegraphed, telegrapher, telegraphic. | |
+3 letters: preslaughter, telegraphers, telegraphese, telegraphies, telegraphing, telegraphist. | |
+4 letters: telegrapheses, telegraphists. | |
+5 letters: herpetological, metallographer, pamphleteering, radiotelegraph. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Names: Company Usage 14. Cities 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Abbreviations 19. Acronyms 20. Derivations | 21. Rhymes 22. Anagrams 23. Bibliography |
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