Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Technique |
TechniqueNoun1. A practical method or art applied to some particular task. 2. Skillfulness in the command of fundamentals deriving from practice and familiarity; "practice greatly improves proficiency". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "technique" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references) |
Etymology: Technique \Tech`nique"\, noun. [French expression]. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Literary technique, also called literary device. Novels and short stories do not simply come from nowhere. Usually the author employs some general literary technique as a framework for artistic work.
Annotated List of Literary Techniques
Authors also manipulate the language of their works to create a desired response from the reader. This is the realm of the rhetorical devices.
- Author surrogate, a character who acts as the author's spokesman.
- Autobiographical novel, tales of the author's life as seen by the author in fictional form; sometimes significant changes are made. An example is James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
- Breaking the fourth wall is acknowledging to the reader or audience that what is being presented is fiction.
- Constrained writing, in which artificial constraints, such as "no words containing the letter 'e'", are imposed.
- Epistolary novel, novel in the form of letters exchanged between the characters. Examples include Samuel Richardson's Pamela, Tobias Smollett's Humphry Clinker, Bram Stoker's Dracula.
- False documents, fiction written in the form of, or about, apparently real, but actually fake documents. Examples include Robert Graves' I, Claudius, a fictional autobiography of the Roman emperor Claudius; and H.P. Lovecraft's Necronomicon, a fictional book of evil that appeared frequently in horror fiction and film, written by both Lovecraft and his admirers.
- First-person narrative, the narrator tells their own tale
- Flashback, general term for altering time sequences, taking characters back to the beginning of the tale, for instance.
- Frame tale, or a story within a story, where a main story is used to organise a series of shorter stories
- Historical novel, story set amidst historical events, pioneered by Sir Walter Scott in his novels of Scottish history. Protagonists may be fictional or historical personages, or a combination.
- Magic realism, a form particularly popular in Latin American but not limited to that region, in which events are described realistically, but in a magical haze of strange local customs and beliefs. Gabriel García Márquez is a notable author in the style.
- Narrative, fiction written as if it were related to the reader by a single participant or observer.
- Omniscient narrator, particular form of narrative in which the narrator sees and knows all
- Parody, ridicule by imitation, usually humorous, such as MAD Magazine
- Pastiche, using forms and styles of another author, generally as an affectionate tribute, such as the many stories featuring Sherlock Holmes not written by Arthur Conan Doyle.
- Picaresque novel, episodic recounting of the adventures of a rogue (Spanish picaro) on the road, such as Tom Jones or Huckleberry Finn.
- Roman a clef, a "novel with a key", that is, whose characters and plot are related to real-life happenings
- Satire, "An attack on wickedness and folly", as Samuel Johnson called it, such as 1984 or Brave New World. Not necessarily humorous.
- Stream of consciousness, an attempt to portray all the thoughts and feelings of a character, as in parts of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.
- Word play, in which the nature of the words used themselves become part of the work
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Literary technique."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| TEAM | English | Technique for Evaluation and Analysis of Maintainability | Engineering & Technology |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: TechniqueSynonym: proficiency (n). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | It's an X-K-Red-27 technique. (A Fish Called Wanda; writing credit: John Cleese; Charles Crichton) Truth? In terms on technique, you are behind (Center Stage; writing credit: Carol Heikkinen) It's a new technique. We mock what we don't understand (Spies Like Us; writing credit: Dan Aykroyd, Lowell Ganz, Babaloo Mandel) This scroll of Broken Sword's isn't about sword technique but about swordsmanship's ultimate ideal (Ying xiong; writing credit: Feng Li; Bin Wang) In my thoughts, I use the technique of positive visualization (The Sopranos; writing credit: Isabel Clara-Simo; Ramón De España) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Shisshun no technique (1968) Kinjirareta Technique (1966) Le Prospecteur et la technique (1959) Flying Instruction Technique (1954) Basketball Technique (1935) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
An adult black man is pictured here alone. He was diagnosed as having osteogenic sarcoma in his upper left arm. Surgeons performed a new procedure implanting a metal rod in place of the cancerous bone. Since muscle and tendon were saved, he is able to use his left arm. Surgeons could attempt this daring new technique since the cancer had not spread. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). | A technique called in situ hybridization shows whether a gene is actively expressed in cells, and also provides clues to the gene's function. This technique has helped identify activated oncogenes in cancer cells, and their normal counterparts in normal cells, in many different species. In this photograph, a labeled DNA segment (a known oncogene) has been put into a mouse oocyte, a cell that develops into a mature egg cell. The labeled DNA has paired with (or hybridized to) multiple copies of RNA in the mouse oocyte. The presence of this RNA (shown here as black dots inside the nucleus of the immature cell) shows that the normal cellular counterpart of the oncogene is active, suggesting that it is critical for normal germ cell development. Expression of genes is manifested by the production of RNA transcripts within cells. Hybridization histochemistry (in situ hybridization) permits localization of these transcripts with cellular or greater resolution. Furthermore, the relative amounts of transcripts detected within different tissues or the same tissues under different states (e.g., physiological or developmental) may be quantified. See artwork: GA-17. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. | ||
This photomicrograph reveals central nervous system syphilis, causing general paresis, or paretic neurosyphilis. Numerous treponemes can be identified using silver impregnation technique; magnification 950X. Credit: CDC. | Transmission electron micrograph of E. coli O157:H7 showing flagella. Pseudoreplica technique. Credit: CDC. | ||
A new image processing technique has yielded the clearest view yet of an extraordinary star ... Credit: NASA. | ![]() | Pole and line fishing boat above a school of tuna. The jets of water facilitate fishing as they prevent the tuna from noticing activity on the deck. This technique uses live bait. Credit: Fisheries. | |
![]() | A slide describing the purpose of the eelgrass restoration and its partners. In June 1996 NOAA scientists transplanted 7000 eelgrass plants from Charlestown Pond to ten locations in Narragansett Bay. The project team returned the following September and found mixed results. In June 1997, the team expanded two of the successful sites and employed a new technique by transplanting turf. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. | ![]() | The plantings were conducted in different patterns to determine the most successful planting technique. The technique in the foreground is a checkerboard planting, the middle area is unplanted, and the background planting was done as a continuous planting. The best success was in high density patchy plantings. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
![]() | Sounding technique used by Sir James Clark Ross in obtaining first modern deep sea sounding on January 3, 1840 at Latitude 27 26 S and Longitude 17 29 W. The observed depth was 2,425 fathoms. On January 22, 1968, the ESSA Ship DISCOVERER sounded at the same location with a modern echo-sounder and measured 2312 fathoms, less than a 5 per cent error for Ross's observation. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. | ![]() | A green laser water penetration system devised by Sylvania Electronic Systems in the late 1970's. Although advertised for fisheries use, this technology has evolved into LIDAR, a system for measuring shallow-water bathymetry and also for into a rapid terrain mapping technique. In: Farooq Hussain, 1970, "Living Underwater, " p. 87. Library Call Number GC65 H8 1970b. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Iris Murdoch | Literature could be said to be a sort of disciplined technique for arousing certain emotions. |
Jacques Maritain | However skillful an artist may be, and however perfect his technique, if he unhappily has nothing to tell us, his work is valueless. |
Leonard Bernstein | Technique is communication: the two words are synonymous in conductors. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Life, the Universe and Everything | Douglas Adams | In the end, it was the Sunday afternoons he couldn't cope with, and that terrible listlessness which starts to set in at about 2:55, when you know that you've had all the baths you can usefully have that day, that however hard you stare at any given paragraph in the papers you will never actually read it, or use the revolutionary new pruning technique it describes, and that as you stare at the clock the hands will move relentlessly on to four o'clock, and you will enter the long dark teatime of the soul |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | At first the families were timid in the building and tumbling worlds, but gradually the technique of building worlds became their technique |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | However, one technique involves the use of weighted cones. (references) | |
A special recording technique that detects muscle activity. (references) | ||
The success of this technique may range from 30 to 50 percent. (references) | ||
Business | Another effective technique is to visit operational sites to demonstrate process instruments. (references) | |
The Italians, Germans and Japanese have successfully used this technique in Egypt on numerous occasions. (references) | ||
Education campaigns targeted at doctors are a very important technique for expanding the market share in Russia. (references) | ||
Economic History | Tanzania | In most cases, market forces determine the pricing technique to be adopted. (references) |
Belgium | Direct marketing is a steadily growing technique for selling directly to the consumer. (references) | |
Netherlands | Certain firms have used this technique successfully in combination with their usual retail outlet operation. (references) | |
Human Rights | Taiwan | Nevertheless there are credible reports that the physical abuse or the threat of abuse of prisoners is a recurring investigative technique. (references) |
Political Economy | BULGARIA | The Act is also expected to abolish the existing privatization technique of negotiations with potential buyers, mandate privatization only through auctions and tenders, and eliminate all preferences in favor of controversial management-employee buyouts (MEBOs). (references) |
Trade | Russia | However, the volume and value of transactions using this technique have yet to attain levels which are either profitable or self-sustaining. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Researchers already are using this new technique to target and destroy cells that cause breast cancer. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Technique" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.96% of the time. "Technique" is used about 4,613 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.96% | 4,611 | 2,123 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.04% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 4,613 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| United Kingdom | Energy Technique Plc |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "technique": Alexander Technique ♦ Auric massage technique ♦ Awareness Release Technique ♦ Bone Demineralization Technique ♦ Bowen Technique ♦ Bridgman technique ♦ Bubble of light technique ♦ chinese Army technique ♦ Chinese Energetic Technique ♦ chronometric technique ♦ critical incident technique ♦ dating technique ♦ decay technique ♦ Delphi Technique ♦ Dental Casting Technique ♦ Dental Impression Technique ♦ desensitization technique ♦ diagnostic technique ♦ diagrammatic interlocking technique ♦ direct replacement technique ♦ Doolittle technique ♦ Dye Dilution Technique ♦ echo technique ♦ Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique ♦ epitaxial growth technique ♦ epitaxial technique ♦ Ferreri Technique ♦ Fluorescent Antibody Staining Technique ♦ Fluorescent Antibody Technique ♦ forecast technique ♦ formal Description Technique ♦ Fortran Matrix Abstraction Technique Fortran ♦ fully Automated Compiling Technique ♦ gene targeting technique ♦ genius From Mars Technique ♦ Glucose Clamp Technique ♦ grid technique ♦ grit blast technique ♦ Ilizarov Technique ♦ Kobayashi Technique ♦ Lepore technique ♦ Lepore Technique of M.R.T. ♦ lure and kill technique ♦ meltback technique ♦ mesa technique ♦ Metamorphic technique ♦ microcircuit technique ♦ microelectronic technique ♦ microminiature technique ♦ micromodule technique ♦ Middle Pillar technique ♦ missing plot technique ♦ mongolian Hordes technique ♦ N.I.A. technique ♦ Neural Organization Technique ♦ Nordic signaling technique messages ♦ Nordic signalling technique messages ♦ nuclear transfer technique ♦ object Modelling Technique ♦ overlay technique ♦ Palatal Expansion Technique ♦ Post and Core Technique ♦ powder technique ♦ program Evaluation and Review Technique ♦ projective technique ♦ pulse technique ♦ Radioisotope Dilution Technique ♦ Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ♦ remelt technique ♦ rhetorical technique ♦ Seitai control technique ♦ serpent technique ♦ squash technique ♦ Subtraction Technique ♦ System Measurement and Architecture Technique ♦ Tapas Acupressure Technique ♦ The Radiance Technique ♦ tissue culture technique ♦ trading technique ♦ Visceral meridian manipulation technique ♦ work technique. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "technique": technique-intensive. | |
Ending with "technique": panel-technique, piano-technique, Q-technique, string-technique, tap-technique. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "technique"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | teknikë (engineering, equipment, skill, technics), metodë (dodge, manner, method, principle, process, system). (various references) | |
Arabic | فن (art), تقنية (mechanics, mechanism, mechanization, technicality), أسلوب (archaism, character, diction, flair, genre, language, manner, method, mode, pattern, phraseology, regimen, sort, strain, style, stylization, tone), براعة فنية (artistry). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сръчност (accomplishment, address, agility, deftness, dexterity, facility, hand, handicraft, knack, readiness, skill, technic), техническо умение (technic), технически похвати (technic). (various references) | |
Chinese | " (method), 技" (skill, technology), 技术 (knowhow, tec, tech, Technic, technical, technology), 技巧 (skill), 朮 (Atractylis lancea var. ovata, method), 手法 (skill, trick). (various references) | |
Czech | technika (engineering, mechanics, method, style, technology), metoda (approach, line, method, modality, system). (various references) | |
Danish | teknik (technics). (various references) | |
Dutch | techniek (technics). (various references) | |
Esperanto | tekniko (technics). (various references) | |
Farsi | تکنیک (Materiel), اصول مهارت , روش فنی , شیوه (Device, Method, Pace, Style), شگردفن . (various references) | |
Finnish | tekotapa (method of preparation). (various references) | |
French | technique (technical, technics). (various references) | |
Frisian | technyk (technics). (various references) | |
German | Technik (engineering, mechanics, technics, technology), technisch (engineering, mechanical, technic, technical, technicality, technically, techniques, technological), Methode (fashion, manner, method, plan, system). (various references) | |
Greek | τεχνική. (various references) | |
Hebrew | טכ יק" (technics). (various references) | |
Hungarian | technika (engineering, science, technics, technology), módszer (manner, method, mode, modi, modus, pattern, system, way). (various references) | |
Indonesian | teknik. (various references) | |
Italian | tecnica (skill, technology). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 技巧 (finesse). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぎほう (false report), ぎ"う (craft, craftsman, finesse), ぎじゅつ (art, skill, technology), テクニック , しゅほう (main armament, main battery, main laws, the highest peak), ほうほう (confusedly, manner, means, method, perplexity, way), わざ (act, art, deed, performance, work). (various references) | |
Korean | 기 (Craft, Describing, Descriptive, tec, tech, Technic, technical, technology). (various references) | |
Manx | keirdeeaght, chaghnys (technics). (various references) | |
Papiamen | téknika (technics). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | echniquetay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | técnica (technics). (various references) | |
Romanian | tehnicã (mechanism, technicalities, technicals, technics), mecanism (action, contrivance, device, engine, gear, gearing, gimmick, machine, machinery, mechanism, motion, work). (various references) | |
Russian | техника (engineering, technics, technology). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | tehnika (engineering, technics), vičnost (cleverness, dexterity, mastery, proficiency, skillfulness), veština (ability, art, attainment, cleverness, craft, cunning, excellence, facility, knack, know how, masterliness, skill, subtlety, wizardry, workmanship), metod rada. (various references) | |
Spanish | técnica (brushwork, electronics, mechanics, technics). (various references) | |
Swedish | teknik (engineering, execution, fingering, technics). (various references) | |
Thai | เทคนิค, หลักวิชา, ความสามารถพิเศษ (talent). (various references) | |
Turkish | teknik (mechanism, practice, science, style, technic, technical, technics, wrinkle), yöntem (cast, deal, form, gateway, how, line, method, modality, mode, modus, order, practice, procedure, proceeding, process, rite, system, tack, technic, technics, the way, way, wise), usul (brand, cut, formality, gently, method, modus, observance, order, practice, procedure, process, quietly, rite, system, usage, way, wise). (various references) | |
Turkmen | tehnika (r). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | технічний прийом, техніка (engineering, mechanism, technics, technology). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | kỹ xảo phương pháp kỹ thuật, kỹ thuật (technology). (various references) | |
Welsh | techneg. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | ars, ars; artis. (various references) |
| French | 1500-Modern | technique. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "technique": techniques. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "technique": microtechnique. (additional references) | |
Words containing "technique": microtechniques. (additional references) | |
| |
"Technique" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: technoque, techuique, tecnique, teknik. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "technique" (pronounced teknē"k) |
| 3 | -n ē" k | Dominique, sneak, unique. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-e-h-i-n-q-t-u" | |
-2 letters: chutnee, quieten. | |
-3 letters: cheque, cinque, entice, equine, ethnic, quench, quiche, quince, quinte, quitch, techie, theine, thence. | |
-4 letters: centu, chine, chute, cutie, cutin, ethic, hence, niche, niece, queen, quiet, quint, quite, tench, teuch, thein, thine, tunic, unite, untie. | |
-5 letters: cent, cete, chin, chit, cine, cite, cute, eche, etch, etic, etui, hent, hint, huic, hunt, inch. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-e-h-i-n-q-t-u" | |
+1 letter: techniques. | |
+3 letters: cinematheque. | |
+4 letters: cinematheques. | |
+5 letters: coquettishness, microtechnique. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Names: Company Usage 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Abbreviations 19. Acronyms 20. Derivations | 21. Rhymes 22. Anagrams 23. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.