Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Task |
TaskNoun1. Any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted; "he prepared for great undertakings". 2. A specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee: "estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars"; "the job of repairing the engine took several hours"; "the endless task of classifying the samples"; "the farmer's morning chores". Verb1. Assign a task to; "I tasked him with looking after the children". 2. Use to the limit; "you are taxing my patience". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "task" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | In a multiprogramming or multiprocessing environment, one or more sequences of instructions treated by a control program on an element of work to be accomplished by a computer. Source: European Union. (references) |
European Union | Assigned to the Permanent Representatives. Source: European Union. (references) |
Law | All the work carried out by a worker or a group of workers in the completion of their prescribed duties, as summarised under a single designation. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | The number of tons or the amount of ore or material that can or should be loaded either by mechanical loaders or by hand loaders. Also called score. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
For a real-time system, a computer may be too slow, so dedicated hardware solutions for performing a task may be employed, rather than a pure software solution. This hardware might be a digital, or an analog circuit, or a hybrid of many technologies.
- In common language, a task is part of a set of actions which accomplish a job; the sense is that 'useful work is getting done'.
- In the computer field, a task is "an execution path through address space". In other words, a set of program instructions is loaded in memory. The address registers have been loaded with the initial address of the program. At the next clock cycle, the CPU will start execution, in accord with the program. The sense is that some part of 'a plan is being accomplished'. As long as the program remains in this part of the address space, the task can continue, in principle, indefinitely, unless the program instructions contain a halt, exit, or return.
- In the computer field, 'task' has the sense of a real-time application, as distinguished from process, which takes up space (memory), and execution time. See operating system. A process can be thought of as having life -- Kaare Christian.
- Both 'task' and 'process' should be distinguished from event, which takes place at a specific time and place, and which can be planned for in a computer program. See hotspot.
- In a computer graphic user interface (GUI), an event can be as simple as a mouse click which is displayed on a certain part of the canvas.
- In older text-based computer interfaces, an event might be a keystroke.
For many commercial businesses, a person may be an integral part of the solution. In this case, the entire 'person(s) + (hardware/software) system' serve as the agent of the task which is being performed.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Task."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
TASK | English | Temporary Assembled Skeleton | Computing |
| TAFKO | English | Task Force for Kosovo | Politics & International Affaires |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: TaskSynonyms: chore (n), job (n), labor (n), project (n), undertaking (n), tax (v). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: on-the-job (law, labor). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Accusation | Brand with reproach; stigmatize, slur; cast a stone at, cast a slur on; incriminate, criminate; inculpate, implicate; call to account; (censure); take to blame, take to task; put in the black book. |
Action | Employ oneself, ply one's task; officiate, have in hand; (business); labor; be at work; pursue a course; shape one's course; (conduct). |
Assemblage | Crowd, throng, group; flood, rush, deluge; rabble, mob, press, crush, cohue, horde, body, tribe; crew, gang, knot, squad, band, party; swarm, shoal, school, covey, flock, herd, drove; atajo; bunch, drive, force, mulada; remuda; roundup; array, bevy, galaxy; corps, company, troop, troupe, task force; army, regiment; (combatants); host;crowd, throng, group; flood, rush, deluge; rabble, mob, press, crush, cohue, horde, body, tribe; crew, gang, knot, squad, band, party; swarm, shoal, school, covey, flock, herd, drove; atajo; bunch, drive, force, mulada; remuda; roundup; array, bevy, galaxy; corps, company, troop, troupe, task force; army, regiment; (combatants); host; (multitude); populousness. |
Business | Matter in hand, irons in the fire; thing to do, agendum, task, work, job, chore, errand, commission, mission, charge, care; duty. |
Drive a trade; carry on a trade, do a trade, transact a trade, carry on business, do business, transact business; Noun: keep a shop; ply one's task, ply one's trade; labor in one's vocation; pursue the even tenor of one's way; attend to business, attend to one's work. | |
Command | Prescribe, set, appoint, mark out; set a task, prescribe a task, impose a task; set to work, put in requisition. |
Bid, enjoin, charge, call upon, instruct; require at the hands of; exact, impose, tax, task; demand; insist on; (compel). | |
Difficulty | Noun: difficulty; hardness; Adjective: impracticability; (impossibility); tough work, hard work, uphill work; hard task, Herculean task, Augean task; task of Sisyphus, Sisyphean labor, tough job, teaser, rasper, dead lift. |
Disapprobation | Reprehend, chide, admonish; berate, betongue; bring to account, call to account, call over the coals, rake over the coals, call to order; take to task, reprove, lecture, bring to book; read a lesson, read a lecture to; rebuke, correct. |
Facility | Plain sailing, smooth sailing, straight sailing; mere child's play, holiday task; cinch. |
Fatigue | Tax, task, strain; overtask, overwork, overburden, overtax, overstrain. |
Ingratitude | Benefits forgot; thankless task,thankless office. |
Memory | Task the memory, tax the memory. |
Teaching | Exercise, task; curriculum; course, course of study; grammar, three R's, initiation, A.B.C.; (beginning). |
Use | Use up, swallow up; consume, absorb, expend; tax, task, wear, put to task. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Task |
| English words defined with "task": task force. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "task": child task ♦ Desktop Management Task Force ♦ Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Research Task Force ♦ multiddiscipline task force, multidiscipline task force ♦ orphan task ♦ resource-constrained task ♦ summary task ♦ Task Control Block, task costs, task failure probability, TASK LIGHTING, task scheduling ♦ unrelated task. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "task": Attask. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Task" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. German (task). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I've been sent back until my task is done (The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers; writing credit: Frances Walsh) That night at Fat Can's, it wasn't a difficult task to tell that you weren't a woman (Wild Wild West; writing credit: Jim Thomas; John Thomas) Why is it that guys are so task oriented (Dark Angel; writing credit: Ben Aaronovitch; Mark Ezra) Are you sure Golden Boy is up to the task, Cap (L.A. Confidential; writing credit: Brian Helgeland) O great computer, the task we have designed you to perform is this: We want you to tell us the Answer (The Hitch Hikers Guide to the Galaxy; writing credit: Douglas Adams; John Lloyd) | |
Clever | The task ahead of us is never as great as the Power behind us. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Monstrous Task (1964) Task Force (1949) Urban Task Force (2001) Task Force: Caviar (2000) L.A. Task Force (1994) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Gen. Gregory Martin, commander of U.S. Air Forces in Europe, and Lt. Col. Patrick Carpenter, U.S. Army G-3 Southern European Task Force commander, prepare to jump from a C-130 Hercules Oct. 19. Martin and 78 other U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army and Italian Arm. |  | Joint Task Force repatriates remains from Vietnam. |
 | Training Health Personnel Is A Primary Task. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Steams into heavy seas on 24 February 1945, while en route to take part Task Force 58's second Tokyo raid of the month. Photographed from atop the battleship's forward fire control platform. Spray is enveloping the forecastle 40mm gun mounts in weather that curtailed the number of strikes flown on 25 February and forced the cancellation of those planned for the 26th. Credit: NAVY. |
 | Steaming with Task Force 58.1 on 27 January 1944, en route to attack Taroa Island airfield, Maloelap Atoll, Marshall Islands. Taken by a USS Enterprise (CV-6) photographer. Credit: NAVY. |  | Sisyphus's endless task. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | A difficult task : here, Woodrow, I want you to see if you can't untie this gordian knot!. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Jeep rolling off a landing boat at Fedala harbor during the landing operations of the U.S. task forces there, Fedala, Morocco. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Conversion. Toy furniture to dies for incendiary bombs. This milling machine formerly used in producing metal furniture for doll houses, has a much more important task these days. It's scraping steel plate to be used in bomb dies. Location: a small factor. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Women at war (Mrs. Smuda). There's no household task too arduous for this 1942-style American mother who spends eight hours a day working at the Frankford Arsenal to smash the Axis. When those banisters need cleaning and polishing, they get cleaned and po. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Rise up" by Keith Corcoran Commentary: "Clibing out of the trenches every morning is no easy task. so i sit the camera on the handrail and snap away. this one looks decent. www.k eithcorcoran.com ." | "Industrial silhouette" by Philip Jackson Commentary: "Took this a fair while ago in Smethwick when I was taking pics that were meant portray smethwick at its most beautiful. a difficult task for anyone. anyway i couldn't resist this pic. the shadows have been photoshopped blacker." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Buddha | The Buddhas do but tell the way; it is for you to swelter at the task. |
Euripides | To generous souls every task is noble. |
Frank Mcghie | Welcome the task that makes you go beyond yourself. |
Henry Kissinger | The task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have not been. |
Ovid | I attempt an arduous task; but there is no worth in that which is not a difficult achievement. |
Peter F. Drucker | Decision making is the specific executive task. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | The never-ending task of self improvement. |
Socrates | Whatsoever task thou assigneth me to do, sooner I would suffer a thousand deaths than to forsake it. |
Sophocles | To be doing good deeds is man's most glorious task. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | This German Socialism, which took its schoolboy task so seriously and solemnly, and extolled its poor stock-in-trade in such mountebank fashion, meanwhile gradually lost its pedantic innocence. (reference) |
Abraham Lincoln | 1863 | It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. (The Gettysburg Address) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | None can compute what has been called "the unestimated sum of human pain." Our supreme task and duty is to guard the homes of the common people from the horrors and miseries of another war. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
The Wisdom of the Sands | Antoine de Saint-Exupery | As for the future, your task is not to foresee it, but to enable it. |
Last Chance To See | Douglas Adams | I have a well-deserved reputation for being something of a gadget freak, and am rarely happier than when spending an entire day programming my computer to perform automatically a task that would otherwise take me a good ten seconds to do by hand |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | Or I might readily have found a more serious task. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | It is a mournful task to break the sombre attachments of the past |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Before the fire an old woman was busy making tea and, as she bustled at her task, she told in a low voice of what the priest and the doctor had said |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Medical Task Force on Anencephaly. (references) | |
National Task Force on Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. (references) | ||
All of these factors complicate the task of finding volunteers. (references) | ||
Business | Doing so, however, is not an obvious task. (references) | |
Choosing this set of competitors or value-chain players may, however, be a very subjective task. (references) | ||
Second, given the international nature of the task, one needs to control for exchange rate volatility. (references) | ||
Children | Swaziland | A government task force educates the public on children's issues. (references) |
Taiwan | Under a plan adopted by the NPA, city and county authorities across the island have established police task forces to strengthen their efforts against child prostitution. (references) | |
Pakistan | In 1999 one member of the Prime Minister's education task force estimated that up to 50 percent of the education budget is "pilfered." Information about progress in educating girls is contradictory. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Kenya | The Ministry of Information, Transport, and Communication continued to argue that it was waiting for the recommendations on media liberalization from the Attorney General's Task Force on Press Law. (references) |
Canada | The plan is scheduled to be phased in over the next 5 years, beginning in 2002. In 1999 the government-mandated Proulx task force submitted a report on religion in schools to the Quebec provincial assembly. (references) | |
Kenya | That Task Force made its initial report in December 1998; however, it still has several outstanding issues to resolve, including the manner of selection of the 13-member Media Commission, which would act as an independent body issuing broadcast licenses. (references) | |
Economic History | Russia | Determining tax obligations is a tedious task. (references) |
Russia | While their record has been good to date, it is an uphill task. (references) | |
Liberia | The formation of the Republic of Liberia was not an altogether easy task. (references) | |
Human Rights | Nigeria | State anticrime task forces remained the most frequent human rights offenders. (references) |
Uganda | For example, on January 10, unknown assailants shot and killed a Museveni campaign task force member after he attended a strategy meeting. (references) | |
Bolivia | The soldiers were not part of the Joint Eradication Task Force (JTF). On May 8, a policeman was ambushed and received serious bullet wounds. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Indonesia | Moreover, the creation of an armed "Red and White Task Force" (Satgas Merah Putih) in Papua, reportedly at the instigation of the army, has raised concerns that certain elements of the national security forces may be seeking to create an armed Papuan paramilitary force, modeled on East Timorese militias, to oppose Papuan independence efforts, and to oppose specifically, the Satgas Papua groups, the vast majority of which were considered proindependence, and which were disbanded in late 2000. The Papua Special Autonomy Law was signed into law in November, but by year's end had not come into effect. (references) |
Minorities | Hungary | The Romani self-governments, unlike other self-governments, are faced with the task of improving the lives of their constituents with no additional resources. (references) |
Argentina | In 2000 President de la Rua committed the Government to implementing a Holocaust Education Project to be carried out under the auspices of the International Holocaust Education Task Force. (references) | |
Political Economy | FINLAND | The key task in structural policy is to secure prerequisites for employment-oriented stable economic growth. (references) |
INDONESIA | The new government's first task was to reverse a slumping economy and reinvigorate the economic reform process. (references) | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | The International Police Task Force (IPTF), which was established by the U.N. under Annex 11 of the Dayton Accords, monitors, advises, and trains the local police. (references) | |
Political Rights | Burma | The junta gave the convention the task of drafting a new constitution designed to provide a dominant role for the military services in the country's future political structure. (references) |
Trade | Brazil | Product registration in Brazil is a laborious task. (references) |
Croatia | The Croatian National Bank (CNB) is the Croatian monetary authority with the primary task of maintaining price stability. (references) | |
Travel | Israel | It is very expensive and often a difficult task to have business cards made on short notice in Israel. (references) |
Women | Poland | The main task of the office is to ensure that victims of violence are treated with respect by law enforcement and the judicial system. (references) |
Hong Kong | The EOC's task force on Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value announced in September its plan to commission a two-month study of government and Hospital Authority jobs to determine whether men and women are paid the same for performing similar tasks. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Moldova | Human Trafficking Task Force. (references) |
Romania | In November another prosecutor was assigned to assist the task force. (references) | |
Nepal | Two representative NGO's are members of the MOWCSW's National Task Force Against Trafficking. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | AIM, n. The task we set our wishes to. "Cheer up! Have you no aim in life?" She tenderly inquired. "An aim? Well, no, I haven't, wife; The fact is -- I have fired." G.J. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | In fact, pumping gas is the only car-related task I will partake in. |
Mary Tyler Moore | What happens is that the system builds many inferior blood vessels in the eye to take the place of the vessels that are dying. And those blood vessels are not up to the task. And they bleed. They hemorrhage and they cover the eye inside with blood. |
Robert Novak | But Senator, some of your fellow Republicans feel that the White House is covering over, is acting as though it has something to hide. Vice President Cheney not releasing the names and the details of his energy task force. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Permit me to bring to your remembrance the magnitude of your task. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Neither is it to be disguised that the organization of our judicial system is at once a difficult and delicate task. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | Yet, with all this scope of precedent, I now enter upon the same task for the brief constitutional term of four years under great and peculiar difficulty. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | When Franklin Roosevelt died, I thought there must be a million men more qualified than I to take up the Presidential task. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Strengthening the economy That task must begin at home. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | Their task is to build and protect a new life in each rural province. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Well, the task I've set forth will long outlive our own generation. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | More than anyone else in our society, they know the true difficulty of the task before us, and they are in a position to help. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Our discoveries in Afghanistan confirmed our worst fears, and showed us the true scope of the task ahead. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Task" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.97% of the time. "Task" is used about 9,181 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.97% | 9,178 | 1,036 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.03% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 9,181 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| USA | Computer Task Group Inc |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "task": a hard task ♦ a painful task ♦ additional task ♦ apply oneself to a task ♦ approach a task ♦ arduous task ♦ assign a task ♦ auto restoral task ♦ backbreaking task ♦ be unequal to a task ♦ break the back of a task ♦ break the neck of a task ♦ child task ♦ desktop Management Task Force ♦ disagreeable task ♦ easy task ♦ European Police Chiefs Operational Task Force ♦ formidable task ♦ fulfil a task ♦ Gantt task and bonus plan ♦ give task ♦ hang task ♦ Headline Task Force ♦ heavy task ♦ herculean task ♦ holiday task ♦ honorary task ♦ internet Engineering Task Force ♦ internet Research Task Force ♦ joint amphibious task force ♦ main task ♦ measure up to one's task ♦ multiddiscipline task force ♦ multidiscipline task force ♦ orphan task ♦ persevere with a task ♦ put to task ♦ set a task ♦ set task ♦ shrink from no task ♦ sisyphean task ♦ small task ♦ summary task ♦ take smb. to task for negligence ♦ take to task ♦ task assignment ♦ task Control Block ♦ task costs ♦ task failure probability ♦ task force ♦ task ID ♦ task identifier ♦ task master ♦ task of Sisyphus ♦ Task Performance and Analysis ♦ task programming ♦ task scheduling ♦ task the memory ♦ Task wage ♦ task wages ♦ thankless task ♦ To take to task ♦ troublesome task ♦ unequal to the task ♦ unrelated task. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "task": task-adapted, task-automation, task-based, task-centred, task-culture, task-driven, task-focused, task-force, task-goal, task-independent, task-instruction, task-leader, task-level, task-management, task-master, task-orientated, task-orientation, task-oriented, task-related, task-relevant, task-setters, task-specific, task-use, task-work. | |
Ending with "task": dual-task. | |
Containing "task": non-task-related. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "task"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | taak (assigned, assigned job, job). (various references) | |
Albanian | punë (affair, affairs, appointment, avocation, berth, business, concern, concernment, deed, doing, duty, employ, engagement, function, job, labor, labour, make, making, metier, movement, occupation, office, operation, practice, question, service, shebang, slot, task-work, thing, work), ngarkoj me punë, detyrë (assignation, assignment, burden, business, chore, devoir, duty, exercise, job, labor, labour, mission, obligation, office, ought, place, project, seal, task-work, tie, trust). (various references) | |
Arabic | مهمة (assignment, business, charge, commission, designation, duty, errand, function, job, mission, office, place, stint, undertaking, work), واجب (assignment, charge, duty, imperative, must, obligation, office, onus, ought, trust), وبخ (berate, blame, carpet, castigate, check, chide, dish up, dress down, jaw, lash, moralize, quarrel, rail, raspberry, rebuff, rebuke, reprehend, reproach, reprove, scold, scotch, show up, slag, slate, snub, strafe, take to task, take up, tell off, tick off, tickle, upbraid), عمل شاق (donkey work, drudgery, overwork), عمل (act, action, aggravation, berth, business, deed, elaborate, employment, engagement, fag, feat, function, gird on, job, labor, labour, making, occupation, place, pursuit, racket, see, situation, work), أنب (castigate, get it in the neck, lash, moralize, reprimand, reproach, reprove, scold), شغل (activate, busy, carry out, employ, engage, fill, hold, job, occupation, operate, pop on, power, run, switch on, turn on, work). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | възлагам работа, норма на работник, поставям на изпитание (tempt, try), изпробвам (fit, proof, prove, test, try, try out). (various references) | |
Chinese | 課題 (problem), 作業 (operation, school assignment, to operate, work), 工作 (construction, job, work), 任务 (assignment), 任務 (assignment, duty, mission, role). (various references) | |
Czech | zamìstnat (employ, hire, occupy, take on), zadání, uložit úkol, práce (employment, job, labor, labour, pidgin, pursuit, service, undertaking, work, working), úloha (exercise, part, problem, role), úkol (assignment, job, labor, labour, mission, objective, part, stint, target, undertaking). (various references) | |
Danish | opgave (assigned job, job). (various references) | |
Dutch | taak (assigned job, job), opgave (assigned job, job, problem, trouble), klus (assigned job, job), karwei (assigned job, chore, job, work). (various references) | |
Esperanto | tasko (assigned job, job). (various references) | |
Faeroese | treyt (assigned job, clause, condition, job, stipulation, terms), verkevni (assigned job, job), fyrisetningur (assigned job, job). (various references) | |
Farsi | کار (Act, Activity, Affair, Appointment, Avocation, Deed, Duty, Fist, Function, Job, Office, Opus, Ploy, Proposition, Service, Shebang, Thing, Vocation, Work, Workmanship), وظیفه (Assignment, Duty, Function, Incumbency, Obligation, Office, Role, Service, Taskwork, Work), تهمت زدن (Accuse, Mudslinger, Scandal, Slander), تکلیف (Duty, Imposition), تحمیل کردن (Burden, Constrain, Impose, Inflict, Protrude, Saddle), زیادخسته کردن , امرمهم , بکاری گماشتن . (various references) | |
Finnish | työ (act, deed, employment, job, labour, work), tehtävä (commission, duty, function, lesson, mission, problem), kotitehtävä (homework). (various references) | |
French | tâche, devoir. (various references) | |
German | Aufgabe (abandonment, assigned job, assignment, business, checking in, discontinuation, dispatch, dropping, duty, exercise, function, giving up, homework, insertion, job, labor, labour, mailing, mission, placing, problem, purpose, question, registration, release, relinquishment, remit, renouncement, renunciation, retirement, serve, service, stint, surrender, vacation, work), Task, Schularbeit (homework), Pensum (assigned job, curriculum, job, quota, set task, taskalotted, workload), auftrag (application, brief, commission, contract, errand, instruction, job, mandate, mission, order, remit), Amt (authority, bureau, charge, department, duty, exchange, function, job, office, post, trunk). (various references) | |
Greek | έργο (deed, doing, film, opus, play, work). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מלאכה (business, craft, craftsmanship, employment, labour, metier, occupation, skill, work), משימה (assignment, duty, intention, job, mission, objective, undertaking), מטלה (assignment), תפקיד (assignment, charge, command, duty, function, mission, order, part, place, role, stint). (various references) | |
Hungarian | vállalkozás (enterprise, expedience, expediency, proposition, undertaking, venture), munka (chore, civil engineering, engineering, job, jog-trot, labor, labour, non-exacting work, press of business, to be on the road, work, workmanship), megterhel (burden, Lade, saddle, to burden, to charge, to clog, to cloy, to debit, to encumber, to load, to saddle, to task), lecke (home lessons, homework, lesson, prep), foglalkozás (avocation, job, line, occasions, occupation, profession, station, trade), feladat (assignment, challenge, commitment, duty, function, job, lesson, mission, objective, project, proposition, role, scheme, target). (various references) | |
Indonesian | tugas (assignment, chore, duty, mission). (various references) | |
Italian | compito (assigned, assigned job, assignment, charge, duty, exercise, homework, job, office, stint, test), lavoro (achievement, business, chore, employment, job, labor, labour, occupation, output, shop, stint, work, working, yield), mandato (agency, commission, mandate, order, term of office, warrant, writ). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 課題 (subject, theme), 用 (business, use), 任務 (duty, function, mission, office), 務め (Buddhist religious services, business, duty, responsibility, service), 勤め (Buddhist religious services, business, duty, responsibility, service), タクシー乗り場 (cycle time, tachogenerator, tactic, tactics, tag, TASS, taxi rank, tugboat). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | つとめ (Buddhist religious services, business, duty, responsibility, service), にんむ (duty, function, mission, office), かだい (a tentative title, abutment, excessive, frame, name of poem, stand, stand for flower vase, subject, theme, too much, unreasonable), タスク , よう (appearance, business, calamity, early death, employ, hire, in order to, kind, like, manner, so as to, so that, sort, such as, to become intoxicated, to get drunk, use, way, yang). (various references) | |
Korean | 업무. (various references) | |
Manx | kiartey (chore, job), kiartag (chore, fatigue, job), currym (appointment, assignment, benefice, business, care, custody, duty, engagement, funeral, guardianship, obligation, portfolio, post, responibility, trust), arnane (homework, night work, overtime, prep). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | asktay.(various references) | |
Polish | praca (assigned job, chore, job, work). (various references) | |
Portuguese | tarefa (assigned job, assignment, job, labor, labour, stint), trabalho (ado, craftsmanship, employment, function, hardship, job, job-, labor, labour, needlework, pain, painstaking, service, work, workmanship, works). (various references) | |
Romanian | treabã (affair, affairs, business, concern, employment, engagement, job, matter, occasion, palaver, pidgin, proposition, work), trasa o sarcinã cuiva, temã (chapter, exercise, frame, lesson, melody, stem, subject, theme, topic), solie (deputation, mission), sarcinã (assignment, burden, capacity, charge, faggot, gestation, load, lot, mission, obligation, onus, pack, part, pregnancy, quantity, target, trouble, weight), pune la treabã, pune la grea încercare, proba (demonstrate, prove, sample, try), obligaţie (bond, business, commitment, duty, imposition, indebtedness, liability, obligation, onus, part, pledge, plight, recognizance, servitude, stint), norma a unui muncitor, muncã (grub, job, labor, labour, operation, service, work, working), lecţie (class, lesson, lore, period, school, session, teaching, tuition), da o sarcinã, atribuţie (attribution, competence, reference), însãrcinare (assignment, charging, commission, errand, message). (various references) | |
Russian | обременять (burden, clog, encumber, load, weight), задача (objective, problem, problem that faces us, sums, task of), задание;задача, задание (assignment, errand, job, mission, target). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | zadatak (assignment, errand, job, mission, problem), staviti na probu (put to the proof, put to the test), odrediti zadatak. (various references) | |
Spanish | tarea (assignment, chore, homework, job, labor, labour, proposition), quehacer (boutique, job, shop, trade). (various references) | |
Swedish | värv (mission), uppgift (assignation, assignment, business, charge, chore, declaration, duty, function, hang task, information, job, list, mission, objekt, office, part, place, problem, question, report, role, specification, statement, undertaking, work, written exercise), bestyr (cares, duty, management, trouble, work). (various references) | |
Thai | งานหนัก (drudgery, elbow-grease). (various references) | |
Turkish | yormak (attribute, cream, do in, do up, exhaust, fag, fag out, fatigue, frazzle, knock out, poop, prostrate, strain, take out, tax, tire, try, Tucker, tucker out, wear out, wearisome, weary), suçlamak (accuse, arraign, blame, bring an accusation against smb., censure, charge, charge smb. with smth., chastise, condemn, criminate, excoriate, impeach, impute, incriminate, inculpate, indict, put in the dock, put the blame on smb., reproach, tax), külfet (difficulty, inconvenience, onerousness, tax, trouble), iş vermek (employ, tell off), iş (activity, affair, appointment, assignment, ball game, billet, biz, business, calling, cause, commerce, concern, dealing, deed, doing, doings, employment, ergo-, function, gig, handiwork, job, metier, mission, occupation, occupational, operation, piece, piece of work, place, ploy, post, profession, pursuit, racket, regulation, shop, show, spindle, stint, things to do, trade, work, |
