Surgery

Definition: Surgery

Surgery

Noun

1. The branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures; "he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School".

2. (British) a room where a doctor or dentist can be consulted; "he read the warning in the doctor's surgery".

3. A room in a hospital equipped for the performance of surgical operations; "great care is taken to keep the operating rooms aseptic".

4. A therapeutic procedure with instruments to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery".

Date "surgery" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1380. (references)

Etymology: Surgery \Sur"ge*ry\, noun. [from Old English expression surgenrie, surgerie; compare to Old French cirurgie, French chirurgie, from Latin expression chirurgia. See Surgeon.]. (references)

Specialty Definition: Surgery

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Surgery is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. Its practitioners are referred to as surgeons.

History of surgery

mention ancient surgery: trepanning etc.

Although surgeons are now considered to be specialised physicians, the profession of surgeon and that of physician have different historical roots. For example, the Hippocratic Oath warns physicians against practicing surgery (in particular surgery to relieve kidney stones), which was to be left to specialized craftsmen.
Among the first surgeons were battlefield doctors in the Napoleonic Wars who were primarily concerned with amputation. Naval surgeons were often barber-surgeons, who combined surgery with their main jobs as barbers.
In London an Operating Theatre or []Emergency Room ]] from the day before modern anaesthesia or antiseptic surgery still exists and is open to the public. Is is found in the roof space of St Thomas Church and is called the Old Operating Theatre.
Development of modern surgery

to be written
mention Ambrose Pare

Common surgical procedures
Of the eight most common surgical procedures in the US, four are obstetric: episiotomy, repair of obstetric laceration, cesarean section, and artificial rupture of the amniotic membrane.
According to 1996 data from the US National Center for Health Statistics, 40.3 million inpatient surgical procedures were performed in the United States in 1996, followed closely by 31.5 million outpatient surgeries.

Noted surgeons

Christiaan Barnard
Joaquín Barraquer
Norman Bethune (1890-1939), battlefield surgery.
Michael E. DeBakey
William deVries
David Hayes Agnew
William Jardine
Walter Karl Koch
Sushruta
George H. Tichenor
Realdo Colombo (c. 1516-1559)
Abraham Colles (1773-1843)
See also

medicine, biomaterial
General Surgery, plastic surgery, Abdominal surgery, Laparoscopic surgery, Traumatology, Sexual reassignment surgery, dental surgery
List of surgical procedures

External links

WikiMed, substantial German wiki about surgery

Other meanings
A surgery can be a place where surgery is performed, or simply the office of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian.
In British English, a surgery is a regular time scheduled by a Member of Parliament to meet with her constituents and discuss their concerns.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Surgery."

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Remedy	Pharmacy, pharmacology, pharmaceutics; pharmacopoeia, formulary; acology, Materia Medica, therapeutics, posology; homeopathy, allopathy, heteropathy, osteopathy, hydropathy; cold water cure; dietetics; surgery, chirurgery, chirurgy; healing art, leechcraft;
	Noun: remedy, help, cure, redress; medicine, medicament; diagnosis, medical examination; medical treatment; surgery; preventive medicine.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	I thought the plastic surgery seminar was in Switzerland (The Mirror Crack'd; writing credit: Agatha Christie; Jonathan Hales) Oh, you gotta eat before surgery. You need your strength (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) You're going to need open-heart surgery. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) I had to have penis reduction surgery. (Waiting for Guffman; writing credit: Christopher Guest; Eugene Levy) You stole our sacred book so you could perform magical plastic surgery on yourself (Charmed; writing credit: Colman deKay)
Lyrics	Had some of his semen preserved before the surgery, to ensure his the (Mephisto and Kevin; performing artist: Primus) You do you brain surgery too, with a monkey wrench (Little Miss Can't Be Wrong; performing artist: Spin Doctors)
Movie/TV Titles	Plastic Surgery in Wartime (1941) Love and Surgery (1914) Optical Surgery (1987)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
References	The 2002 Official Patient's Sourcebook on Cataract surgery (reference) The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Corneal Transplant Surgery (reference) The 2002 Official Patient's Sourcebook on LASIK Eye Surgery (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Phacoemulsification, Laser Cataract Surgery and Foldable Iols (reference) The Complete Book of Laser Eye Surgery (reference) Retinal Diseases: Pathogenesis, Laser Therapy, and Surgery (reference) Lasik Laser in Situ Kermatomileusis (Refractive Surgery, 1) (reference) Diagnosis & Surgery of Organ Metastases (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Excerpta Medica - Section 15 Chest Diseases Thoracic Surgery & Tuberculosis (reference) Aesthetic Surgery Journal (reference) Aortic Surgery Symposium Vii On Cd Rom (reference) Ambulatory Surgery Compliance & Reimbursement Insider (reference) Advances In Small Animal Medicine And Surgery (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	Alicethenics: Exercises to Increase Freedom of Movement After Breast Surgery (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Telepathic Surgery (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	A 9 year-old white child is pictured here in a home setting chatting with her mother. The girl is a long-term survivor of massive abdominal surgery at age 3 for neuroblastoma. She is presently disease-free. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).		Patient is being prepared for surgery. An operating room is pictured with physician looking on while patient is being administered anesthetic. Several surgical attendants are also visible. Surgical biopsy is called for to determine exact nature of solid tumor. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).
	Pictured is Dr. William Halsted. He is shown from the waist up in a formal, portrait-like image, in a suit, with his left hand touching his chin. In 1894, this surgeon devised an operation that removed the entire breast, lymph nodes and chest muscles, based on the belief that cancer spreads to adjacent tissues. This became known as the Halsted radical mastectomy, a type of breast cancer surgery. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.		White woman from neck to waist wearing a bra, indicating breast reconstruction post mastectomy. Surgery enables women to have a better self image, looking good in clothes, and facilitating psychological readjustment. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).
	The image shows an operating room. A patient is being prepared for surgery. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.		Seen is a "beam of light" traveling along fiber optics for photodynamic therapy for use in an operating room. Its source is a laser beam which is split at two different stages to create the proper "therapeutic wavelength". The patient has been given a photo sensitive drug containing cancer killing substances which are absorbed by cancer cells. During the surgery, the light beam is positioned at the tumor site, which then activates the drug that kills the cancer cells, thus photodynamic therapy. Credit: John Crawford (photographer).
	Shown is close up of surgeons' hands in an operating room with a "beam of light" traveling along fiber optics for photodynamic therapy. Its source is a laser beam which is split at two different stages to create the proper "therapeutic wavelength". A patient would be given a photo sensitive drug (photofrin) containing cancer killing substances which are absorbed by cancer cells. During the surgery, the light beam is positioned at the tumor site, which then activates the drug that kills the cancer cells, thus photodynamic therapy (PDT). Credit: John Crawford (photographer).		Shown is a woman on a gurney just outside the surgery recovery room. A physician and a nurse are on either side of the stretcher, either talking with her or pushing the gurney. The photograph was taken at lower than eye level. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer).
	Polydactylia, a congenital abnormality with the occurrence of extra fingers or toes, is due to errors in the process of fetal development, and can usually be corrected by surgery. Credit: CDC.		Air Force surgery team bringing smiles to Hondurans.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Extracapsular surgery. (references)
		Patient requests surgery. (references)
		It requires major surgery. (references)
Business		It has built a healthy business delivering eye surgery services to local patients. (references)
		These hospitals are the only ones to provide specialized medical procedures and surgery in Kazakhstan. (references)
		The most widely used surgery for the unblocking of the arteries in Argentina is the by-pass operation. (references)
Children	Spain	In practice many courts in the past have authorized such surgery. (references)
	Sierra Leone	Such programs involve reconstructive surgery, prostheses, and vocational training to help them acquire new work skills. (references)
Economic History	France	The emergence of new technologies, such as same-day surgery, has generated a new market for home health care equipment. (references)
Human Rights	Belarus	At year's end, Alexander Chigir's lawyer was in the hospital awaiting surgery for an attack he suffered on March 6 by unknown individuals and was unable to represent his client. (references)
Minorities	Russia	On September 22, a group of teenagers attacked two Mormon missionaries in Krasnodar; both victims required stitches and one required minor surgery on his scalp. (references)
Travel	Saudi Arabia	Most Western expatriates find it adequate for routine care and minor surgery. (references)
Women	Hong Kong	In 2000, for the first time, more women than men entered the legal profession as solicitors (204 to 159) and medical school (170 to 165). Nonetheless, in the medical profession there are few women in prestigious specialties such as surgery, and female judicial officers and judges make up only 19.2 percent of the judiciary. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	KING, n. A male person commonly known in America as a "crowned head," although he never wears a crown and has usually no head to speak of. A king, in times long, long gone by, Said to his lazy jester: "If I were you and you were I My moments merrily would fly -- Nor care nor grief to pester." "The reason, Sire, that you would thrive," The fool said -- "if you'll hear it -- Is that of all the fools alive Who own you for their sovereign, I've The most forgiving spirit." Oogum Bem KING'S :EVIL:, n. A malady that was formerly cured by the touch of the sovereign, but has now to be treated by the physicians. Thus 'the most pious Edward" of England used to lay his royal hand upon the ailing subjects and make them whole -- a crowd of wretched souls That stay his cure: their malady convinces The great essay of art; but at his touch, Such sanctity hath Heaven given his hand, They presently amend, as the "Doctor" in Macbeth hath it. This useful property of the royal hand could, it appears, be transmitted along with other crown properties; for according to "Malcolm," 'tis spoken To the succeeding royalty he leaves The healing benediction. But the gift somewhere dropped out of the line of succession: the later sovereigns of England have not been tactual healers, and the disease once honored with the name "king's evil" now bears the humbler one of "scrofula," from scrofa, a sow. The date and author of the following epigram are known only to the author of this dictionary, but it is old enough to show that the jest about Scotland's national disorder is not a thing of yesterday. Ye Kynge his evill in me laye, Wh. he of Scottlande charmed awaye. He layde his hand on mine and sayd: "Be gone!" Ye ill no longer stayd. But O ye wofull plyght in wh. I'm now y-pight: I have ye itche! The superstition that maladies can be cured by royal taction is dead, but like many a departed conviction it has left a monument of custom to keep its memory green. The practice of forming a line and shaking the President's hand had no other origin, and when that great dignitary bestows his healing salutation on strangely visited people, All swoln and ulcerous, pitiful to the eye, The mere despair of surgery, he and his patients are handing along an extinguished torch which once was kindled at the altar-fire of a faith long held by all classes of men. It is a beautiful and edifying "survival" -- one which brings the sainted past close home in our "business and bosoms."
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Louise Ashby	Resmash all the bones, and then he basically has to rebuild the foundation. And he knows it's not going to be one surgery.
Rush Limbaugh	Why, half of Canada comes down here to try to get medical coverage or for major surgery because of how long the waiting list is at home.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
Ronald Reagan	1981-1989	New laser techniques could revolutionize heart bypass surgery, cut diagnosis time for viruses linked to cancer from weeks to minutes, reduce hospital costs dramatically, and hold out new promise for saving human lives.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.81%	2,582	3,535
Noun (proper)	0.19%	5	157,705
Total	100.00%	2,587	N/A

Country	Name
USA	The Plastic Surgery Company
	(more examples...)

Expressions using "surgery": accident surgery ♦ Antiseptic surgery ♦ aseptic surgery ♦ barber surgery ♦ brain surgery ♦ breast-conserving surgery ♦ carry out surgery ♦ Clinical surgery ♦ Colorectal Surgery ♦ coronary bypass surgery ♦ cosmetic surgery ♦ dental surgery ♦ dentist's surgery ♦ doctor of Dental Surgery ♦ elective surgery ♦ endoscopic surgery ♦ Filtering Surgery ♦ flap surgery ♦ general surgery ♦ have bypass surgery ♦ have surgery ♦ heart surgery ♦ hold surgery hours ♦ Laser Surgery ♦ major surgery ♦ make surgery ♦ minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery ♦ Minimally Invasive Surgery Trainer ♦ minor surgery ♦ Mohs Surgery ♦ oral surgery ♦ orthopaedic surgery ♦ orthopedic surgery ♦ outpatient surgery ♦ patient who undergone surgery ♦ plastic surgery ♦ plastic surgery by a flap method ♦ Psychic surgery ♦ radiation surgery ♦ radical surgery ♦ radioimmunoguided surgery ♦ second-look surgery ♦ spare part surgery ♦ Spirit surgery ♦ Spiritual Surgery ♦ surgery and ancillary services ♦ surgery hours ♦ surgery office ♦ surgery room ♦ surgery time ♦ Thoracic Surgery ♦ tree surgery ♦ undergo surgery ♦ video-assisted surgery. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "surgery": surgery-box.
	Ending with "surgery": day-surgery, micro-surgery.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Language		Translations for "surgery"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		kirurgji. (various references)

Arabic		‏تجرى له عملية جراحية, ‏عملية جراحية (operation), ‏جراحة. (various references)

Bulgarian		пластична хирургия (plastic surgery). (various references)

Chinese		手術 (operation, surgical operation), 手术, 外科手術 . (various references)

Czech		ordinace (consulting room, office), chirurgie. (various references)

Danish		operativ behandling (operative treatment, surgical treatment), kirurgisk behandling (operative treatment, surgical treatment), kirurgi. (various references)

Dutch		heelkunde, chirurgie, wondheelkunde. (various references)

Esperanto		kirurgio, ĥirurgio. (various references)

Farsi		تشریح (Anatomy, Description, Dissection), عمل جراحی (Operation), جراحی , اتاق جراحی . (various references)

Finnish		kirurgia. (various references)

French		chirurgie. (various references)

German		Chirurgie. (various references)

Greek		ιατρείο (dispensary, infirmary, sanatorium, sanitarium), χειρουργική θεραπεία (operative treatment, surgical treatment), χειρουργική, χειρουργείο (operating room), χειρουργία (operative treatment, surgical treatment). (various references)

Hebrew		מנתחות, כירורגיה, נתיחה (operating, operation), נתוח (analysis, examination, operation), נתחנות (analysis). (various references)

Hungarian		sebészet, orvosi rendelő (doctor's office), operáció (op, operation), műtét (op, operation). (various references)

Indonesian		pembedahan (dissection, surgical operation). (various references)

Italian		chirurgia. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		手術室 (operating room), 外科学 . (various references)

Japanese Katakana		しゅじつしつ (operating room), しゅじゅつしつ (operating room), げかがく. (various references)

Korean		수술. (various references)

Derivations
	Words ending with "surgery": chemosurgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, microsurgery, neurosurgery, presurgery, psychosurgery. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Surgery" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Sagrera, serger, sergery, siegery, slurger, sugery, surgeory, surger, surgere, surgerie, surgory, surgrey, surgry, surgury, survery. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "surgery" (pronounced ser"jerē)
5	s er" j er ē	Neurosurgery.
4	-er" j er ē	perjury.
3	-j er ē	drudgery, forgery, gingery, injury, menagerie.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "e-g-r-r-s-u-y"
	-1 letter: surger, surrey, urgers.
	-2 letters: greys, grues, gurry, gyres, gyrus, ruers, serry, surer, surge, surgy, urger, urges.
	-3 letters: ergs, errs, grey, grue, guys, gyre, regs, ruer, rues, rugs, ruse, ryes, suer, sure, urge, user.
	-4 letters: erg, err, ers, gey, guy, reg, res, rue, rug, rye, seg, ser, sue, use, yes.
	-5 letters: er, es, re, us, ye.
	Words containing the letters "e-g-r-r-s-u-y"
	+1 letter: gruyeres.
	+3 letters: presurgery, sugarberry.
	+4 letters: cryosurgeon, cryosurgery, grotesquery, resurveying.
	+5 letters: chemosurgery, cryosurgeons, gregariously, microsurgery, neurosurgery, reassuringly, supergravity, youngberries.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
plastic surgery	5,489	lap band surgery	264
cosmetic surgery	2,691	penis enlargement surgery	261
surgery	1,895	los angeles plastic surgery	259
gastric bypass surgery	1,890	cosmetic surgery california	255
laser eye surgery	1,327	los angeles cosmetic surgery	248
weight loss surgery	1,219	bunion surgery	246
bariatric surgery	1,202	hip replacement surgery	246
lasik eye surgery	831	bypass surgery	245
gall bladder surgery	679	oral surgery	238
laser surgery	650	eyelid surgery	234
lasik surgery	648	open heart surgery	220
knee surgery	581	knee replacement surgery	218
breast surgery	576	la plastic surgery	214
breast reduction surgery	532	southern california plastic surgery	205
eye surgery	434	orange county plastic surgery	204
back surgery	421	southern california cosmetic surgery	201
cataract surgery	402	plastic surgery pasadena	201
plastic surgery california	327	nose surgery	201
heart surgery	273	penis surgery	201
obesity surgery	270	newport beach plastic surgery	201
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	chirurgia. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Surgery

Definition: Surgery

Surgery

Noun

Specialty Definition: Surgery

Common surgical procedures

See also

External links

Other meanings

Synonyms: Surgery

Synonyms within Context: Surgery

Remedy

Crosswords: Surgery

Modern Usage: Surgery

Screenplays

Lyrics

Movie/TV Titles

Commercial Usage: Surgery

References

Books

Periodicals

Theater & Movies

Music

Image Slideshow: Surgery

Photos:Surgery

Illustrations:Surgery

Computer Images:Surgery

Photo Album: Surgery

Digital Photo Gallery: Surgery

Non-Fiction Usage: Surgery

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

Spoken Usage: Surgery

Louise Ashby

Rush Limbaugh

Speeches: Surgery

Ronald Reagan

Usage Frequency: Surgery

Usage in Company Names: Surgery

The Plastic Surgery Company

Expressions: Surgery

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Surgery

Modern Translation: Surgery

Albanian

Arabic

Bulgarian

Chinese

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Esperanto

Farsi

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hebrew

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

Japanese Kanji

Japanese Katakana

Korean

Manx

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Serbo-Croatian

Spanish

Swedish

Thai

Turkish

Turkmen

Ukrainian

Vietnamese

Welsh

Ancestral Language Translations: Surgery

Derivations & Misspellings: Surgery

Derivations

Photos:
Surgery

Illustrations:
Surgery

Computer Images:
Surgery