Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Surf |
SurfNoun1. Waves breaking on the shore. Verb1. Ride the waves of the sea with a surfboard; "Californians love to surf". 2. Look around casually and randomly, without seeking anything in particular; "browse a computer directory"; "surf the internet or the world wide web". 3. Switch channels, on television. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "surf" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1719. (references) |
Etymology: Surf \Surf\, noun. [Formerly spelled suffe, and probably the same word as English sough.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Surf v. [from the `surf' idiom for rapidly flipping TV channels] To traverse the Internet in search of interesting stuff, used esp. if one is doing so with a World Wide Web browser. It is also common to speak of `surfing in' to a particular resource. Hackers adopted this term early, but many have stopped using it since it went completely mainstream around 1995. The passive, couch-potato connotations that go with TV channel surfing were never pleasant, and hearing non-hackers wax enthusiastic about "surfing the net" tends to make hackers feel a bit as though their home is being overrun by ignorami. Source: Jargon File. |
Geography | Area bounded by the landward limit of wave uprush and the farthest seaward breaker. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In the early 1960s, one of the most popular forms of rock and roll was surf rock. It is characterized simple song structure (usually based around three chords), reverbed guitars and rolling, wave-like instrumentals. The original practitioners recorded mostly instrumental songs.The genre is usually said to have been invented by Dick Dale on "Let's Go Trippin'", which became a hit throughout California. However, Duane Eddy's "Movin' and Groovin" is thought by many to be the main contender for laying the groundwork as the first Surf record. The opening riff of Duane's record was used by the Beach Boys for their own "Surfin USA". By the mid-1960s, the Beach Boys had emerged as the dominant surf group; they used complex pop harmonies over a basic surf rock rhythm.
- The Astronauts
- The Atlantics
- The Beach Boys
- Bruce & Terry
- Al Casey
- The Challengers
- The Chantays
- Clee-Shays
- Jerry Cole
- Dick Dale
- Duane Eddy
- Eddie & the Showmen
- The Fantastic Baggys
- The Honeys
- Jan & Dean
- Bruce Johnston
- The Lively Ones
- The Rip-Chords
- The Surfaris
- The Tornadoes
- The Trashmen
- Gary Usher
- The Ventures
- The Wipeouters
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Surf rock."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
(for surfing the World Wide Web, see there; see also Wind surfing)
Surfing at Manu Bay, Raglan, New Zealand
Larger VersionSurfing is a popular recreational activity and sport in which individuals are propelled across the water by the force of waves, whilst standing on, predominantly, GRP ("fiberglass") boards. Wooden and foam (see plastic) boards ("foamies") are also used.
Originally developed by Hawaiian islanders (see Ngaru), before the 15th century, "he'e nalu" (wave-sliding) spread in the early 20th century to the USA and Australia, where heavy timber "malibu" boards were ridden directly towards beaches. However, the sport exploded in popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, when cheaper, more maneuverable, and lighter boards made of fiberglass and foam became available and the teenaged baby boomers headed to the beach in droves to enjoy the maneuverability and stunts made possible by the new boards. The sport has spread to most places where waves of sufficient size and the right shape appear, including France, Brazil, South Africa, and many island states. Wetsuits are usually worn in to keep surfers warm in colder weather. Other surfing equipment includes board leashes, used to keep a surfer's board from washing to shore after a 'wipeout', wax and/or traction pads, used to keep a surfers feet from slipping of the deck of the board, interchangeable "skegss" and of course in warmer climates the surf trunk or board short.
Surfing has a unique and often powerful appeal, which probably derives from an unusual confluence of elements; adrenalin, skill, and high paced maneuvering are set against a naturally unpredictable backdrop—an organic environment that is, by turns, graceful and serene, violent and formidable. Surfers' skills are tested not only in their ability to control the craft in challenging conditions, but by their ability to execute various maneuvers such as the 'cutback' (turning back toward the breaking part of the wave), the 'floater' (riding the very top of the wave), and, if the surf conditions allow it, "getting barrelled". This is the 'holy grail' of surfing, where the surfer maneuvers into a position where the wave curls over the top of them, forming a "barrel" (or "tube"), with the rider inside the cylindrical portion of the wave.
Competitive surfing is a comparison sport where riders, competing in pairs or small groups, are allocated a certain amount of time to ride waves and display their prowess and mastery of the craft. Competitors are then judged according to how competently the wave is ridden, including the level of difficulty, as well as frequency, of maneuvers. There is a professional surfing world championship series held annually at surf beaches around the world. Though in recent years competitive surfing has become an extremely popular and lucrative activity, both for professional competitors and sponsors, the sport does not have its origins as a competitive pursuit. It is common to hear debate rage between purists of the sport, who still maintain the ideal of 'soul surfing', and surfers who engage in the competitive and, consequently, commercial side of the activity.
A non-competitive adventure activity involving riding the biggest waves possible (known as "rhino hunting") is also popular with some surfers. A practice popularised in the 1990s has seen big-wave surfing revolutionised, as surfers use jetskis to tow them out to a position where they can catch previously unrideable waves. This spectacular activity is extremely popular with television crews, but because such waves rarely occur in heavily populated regions, and usually only a very long way out to sea on outer reefs, few spectators see such events directly.
Popular surfing areas
Anywhere else waves hit the shore. Many surfers are seen as territorial, hence the expression "locals only"; or as the rock group The Surf Punks put it, "my beach, my wave, my girl, so f--- you!.
- Australia
- Newcastle, where Surfest is held annually.
- Gold Coast, Australia inparticular Surfers Paradise
- Ocean beaches of Sydney inparticular Bondi Beach
- The Atlantic coast of France (eg. Biarritz)
- Indonesia
- New Zealand
- Manu Bay and Whale Bay, Raglan
- Much of South Africa's coastline
- United States
- Much of the coast of Southern California from Half Moon Bay south—one of the most revered and dangerous spots being Maverick's.
- Most of Hawaii, especially the North Shore of Oahu. The North Shore is home to perhaps the world's most renowned and revered wave, "Pipeline" (or "Banzai Pipeline"), so named for the yawning chasms it regularly hurls over the heads of awe-struck surfers.
Surfing Culture
Surfing is often viewed as less of a sports activity, and more of a lifestyle. Popularised in the United States during the 1950s, surf culture found increasing expression with mass-production of surf fashion, music and, later, with the booming surf magazine and movie industries in the 1960s. Bruce Brown's classic movie Endless Summer glorified surfing in a round-the-world search for the perfect wave; The Ventures, The Surfaris ("Wipeout!") and other surf rock bands melded surfing with rock and roll to create surf rock and other surf music. (True surfers don't acknowledge the Beach Boys as surf music—Surfin' USA notwithstanding). Surfing culture can be seen in their slang: hang ten, gremmies, the Big Kahuna, the woody, waxing my stick, the green room, etc, though many of these terms are now archaic. Partially due to the obsessive tendency of its participants, and partly to the predominantly stylised media representation of the sport's participants, surfing became embedded in the popular imagination as synonymous with either a naive, pseudo-spiritual hippie idealism or a drug-addled, lazy, 'beach-bum' apathy. Neither of these is probably accurate. Though today such stereotypes have long since lost whatever relevance they may have had, surfing has still failed to completely divest itself of negative social connotations, despite the best attempts of various commercial marketing strategies. (Aside: One famous Australian surfer, Nat Young, once tried to register the sport as a religion, but to no avail.)
If there is one fair generalisation concerning the sport, it is the fanatical enthusiasm of its devotees. Surfing Magazine, founded in the 1960s when surfing had gained popularity with teenagers, used to say that if they were hard at work and someone yelled "Surf's up!" the office would suddenly be empty.
Surfers developed the skateboard to be able to "surf" on land; the number of boardsports has since grown.
Some Notable Surfers
- Jack London - Writer
- Duke Kahanamoku - US Swimming Champ, Hawaiian Personality
- Kelly Slater - 6 Time World Champ, Known as the Michael Jordan of surfing.
- Rob Machado
- Gerry Lopez
- Tom Blake - Early American Surfer, invertor of the Skeg
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Surfing."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
SURF | English | Skill Utilization and Resource Finder | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: SurfSynonyms: breaker (n), breakers (n), browse (v), channel-surf (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Bubble | Noun: bubble, foam, froth, head, spume, lather, suds, spray, surf, yeast, barm, spindrift. |
River | Gelasma/gr>; beach comber, riffle, rollers, ground swell, surf, breakers, white horses, whitecaps; rough sea, heavy sea, high seas, cross sea, long sea, short sea, chopping sea. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Surf |
| English words defined with "surf": break, breaking ♦ caper ♦ Embiotocidae, Embiotocoid ♦ family Embiotocidae, Fore shore, frolic ♦ gambol ♦ Hen clam ♦ Life car ♦ Mactra, Masoola boat ♦ play ♦ romp ♦ Sea clam, Skunkball, Skunkhead, Skunktop, Sparada, Spectacled coot, Spectacled duck, surfboard, surfboat, Surfy ♦ Wall-eye, White perch. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "surf": aerostatic-type air cushion vehicle ♦ black sand ♦ captured air bubble cushion, Core Wars, cushion borne ♦ finger skirt, fingered skirt ♦ longshore current ♦ sidewall air cushion ♦ trunkin'. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Surf" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Italian (surfboard, surfing), Romanian (surf), Spanish (surf, surfing, surfriding). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | We shop at home, we surf the net and we feel emptier and lonelier and more cut off from each other than at any other time in human history (Contact; writing credit: Carl Sagan;) Are you ready to surf, Lance (Apocalypse Now; writing credit: Francis Ford Coppola, Michael Herr, John Milius) Surf or fight (Apocalypse Now; writing credit: Francis Ford Coppola, Michael Herr, John Milius) Charlie don't surf! (Apocalypse Now; writing credit: John Milius ; Francis Ford Coppola) You either surf or you fight (Apocalypse Now; writing credit: John Milius ; Francis Ford Coppola) | |
Movie/TV Titles | A Personal History of the Australian Surf (1971) San Diego Surf (1968) Surf Party (1964) Ride the Wild Surf (1964) Surf and Sound (1954) | |
Song Titles | Surf City (performing artist: Jan and Dean) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Sounding within surf line with rowed skiff. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Woods Hole during 1938 hurricane Heavy surf breaking over SE side of Quadrangular dock. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Surf encountering a rocky headland at Soquel Point. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Surf, rock, and spray define Point Lobos. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Huge surf breaking a 1/4 mile offshore. Approximately 30-40 miles north of Santa Cruz. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Surf breaking over the rocks and kelpbeds at Point Pinos, Monterey area. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Part of the dory fishing fleet at Newport Beach. These small boats are launched through the surf and return to be trailered to storage areas. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Angler surf fishing on beach. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | Dead surf clams and other invertebrates after the spill. Sampling to determine mortality and other information about the animals killed during the spill lasted 4-5 months. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | NMFS scientists open a surf clam to determine exposure to oil. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Surf" by João Estêvão A. De Freitas Commentary: "Surf in Porto Santo Island." | "O.B. Surf 5" by Erika Thorpe Commentary: "Ocean Beach." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) services were launched by BT in Autumn 2000. Its service, branded "OpenWorld", should allow users to surf the Internet approximately 20 times faster than using a modem. (references) | |
For instance, the older UK population continue to read books, while the younger population surf the net. Changes in the national curriculum also affect spending in schools, as do government policies on education and literacy. (references) | ||
Domestic production of sporting goods for local sales is concentrated on water skis, surf boards and other watersport equipment; tennis balls; basketballs; fishing rods; fish hooks and fishing tackle/landing nets; butterfly nets; and decoy birds. (references) | ||
Travel | Cote D'ivoire | The ocean beaches near Abidjan are extremely dangerous because of treacherous surf and rip tides. (references) |
Ghana | While the salt water at the ocean beaches near Accra is relatively clean, the strong surf and treacherous undertow are extremely dangerous. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Now, in schools, in libraries, homes and businesses, millions and millions of Americans surf the Net every day. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Surf" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 83.69% of the time. "Surf" is used about 233 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 83.69% | 195 | 21,939 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 8.58% | 20 | 78,262 |
| Noun (proper) | 4.29% | 10 | 111,207 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 3.43% | 8 | 124,375 |
| Total | 100.00% | 233 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| France | Liberty Surf Group SA |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "surf": surf bird ♦ surf board ♦ surf casting ♦ Surf City ♦ surf clam ♦ surf duck ♦ surf fish ♦ surf fishes ♦ surf fishing ♦ surf scoter ♦ surf smelt ♦ surf whiting ♦ surf zone. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "surf": surf-board, surf-boarding, surf-boards, surf-chanter, surf-chanting, surf-check, surf-going, surf-lapped, surf-mad, surf-off, surf-rider, surf-riding, surf-swept. | |
Ending with "surf": wind-surf. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
surf | 5,305 | surf shorts | 218 |
surf board | 2,978 | surf gear | 201 |
surf shop | 1,190 | surf faster | 199 |
surf boards | 1,078 | surf clothes | 191 |
surf report | 1,040 | surf picture | 184 |
girl surf | 864 | surf city | 176 |
surf cam | 602 | diego report san surf | 171 |
used surf board | 468 | lost surf board | 169 |
ron jon surf shop | 419 | learn to surf | 166 |
ocean surf | 413 | hawaii surf report | 164 |
nada surf | 329 | cam surf texas | 147 |
get paid to surf | 320 | surf board for sale | 134 |
surf fishing | 318 | costa rica surf | 125 |
girl mtv surf | 311 | atlantic surf city | 123 |
surf clothing | 311 | surf city nc | 120 |
paid to surf | 278 | surf anonymous | 119 |
big surf | 278 | surf photo | 116 |
surf camp | 271 | florida surf report | 115 |
night surf | 235 | 17th street surf shop | 112 |
surf wear | 225 | surf music | 112 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "surf"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | sipërfaqe (area, extent, face, radius, sheet, superficies, surface), pamje e jashtme (appearance, exterior, externals, façade, garb, jib, person, show, superficies, surface). (various references) | |
Arabic | أمواج متكسرة, رغوة (foam, froth, head, scum, spume, work, yeast), رزاز (sprayer), رشاش (spray, sprinkle). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | морска пяна (meerschaum, sea foam), прибой (punch, wash), плискащи се вълни. (various references) | |
Chinese | 排岸浪花. (various references) | |
Czech | surfovat, příboj (breaker). (various references) | |
Danish | tilbageloebende soe, braending (baking, breakers, burning, firing, groundswell, stoving), brændingszone (breaker zone, surf zone). (various references) | |
Dutch | breker of stortzee, brandingsgebied (breaker zone, surf zone), branding (breakers). (various references) | |
Finnish | tyrskyvyöhyke (breaker zone, surf zone), tyrsky (surge), aallokko (swell). (various references) | |
French | ressac. (various references) | |
German | brandung (breakers, surge). (various references) | |
Greek | θραύσεις κυμάτων (breakers). (various references) | |
Hebrew | דכי הים (billow, surging waves), גלים משתברים, נחשול (billow, breaker, gale, storm, surge, torrent, wave). (various references) | |
Hungarian | szörfdeszka (surf board, surfboard), szörf (surfboard, windsurfer), tajték (foam, froth, lather, scum, spume, yeast), hullámverés (heaving billows, lap, swell, wash), hullámtörés (breach, undertow), hab (foam, froth, mousse, scum, skimmings, spume, yeast). (various references) | |
Italian | spuma (foam, froth, spume), zona di frangente (breaker zone, surf zone), risacca (alluvium, backwash, undertow), praticare surfing, frangenti del mare, cresta dell'onda, cavalloni (white caps, white horses). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 磯波 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | いそなみ. (various references) | |
Korean | 파도. (various references) | |
Manx | soodraght (back-wash, back-wash on shore, recussion, rolling of sea). (various references) | |
Maori | karekare. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | urfsay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | surfe (surfing), surfar, zona de rebentação (breaker zone, surf zone), ressaca (backwater, breakers, hangover, underset, undertow, wash), rebentação (breakers), arrebentação. (various references) | |
Romanian | surf, val (bank, crape, dike, mound, roll, sea, surge, wall, wave), resac. (various references) | |
Russian | прибой. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | zapljuskivanje talasa, voziti se na dasci po talasima. (various references) | |
Spanish | surf (surfing, surfriding), zona de rompientes (breaker zone, surf zone), rompientes (breaker, breakers), resaca (backwash, hangover, kickback, redraft, undertow), oleaje (billow, surge), olas (waves), navegar (cruise, navigate, sail), hacer surf, espuma (floating waste, foam, froth, frothiness, head, lather, meerschaum, scud, scum, spray, spume, surface scum). (various references) | |
Swedish | bränning (breaker, burning, cauterization, cautery, cremation, firing, land-wash). (various references) | |
Thai | เล่นกระดานโต้คลื่น, คลื่นที่ซัดฝั่ง. (various references) | |
Turkish | sörf yapmak, kıyıya vuran köpüklü dalgalar. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | прибій (swash, wash). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sóng nhào. (various references) | |
Welsh | ewyn (foam, froth), beiston (beach, seashore). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "surf": surfable, surface, surfaced, surfacer, surfacers, surfaces, surfacing, surfacings, surfactant, surfactants, surfbird, surfbirds, surfboard, surfboarded, surfboarder, surfboarders, surfboarding, surfboards, surfboat, surfboats, surfed, surfeit, surfeited, surfeiter, surfeiters, surfeiting, surfeits, surfer, surfers, surffish, surffishes, surficial, surfier, surfiest, surfing, surfings, surflike, surfperch, surfperches, surfs, surfy. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "surf": bodysurf, windsurf. (additional references) | |
Words containing "surf": bodysurfed, bodysurfer, bodysurfers, bodysurfing, bodysurfs, cosurfactant, cosurfactants, hypersurface, hypersurfaces, resurface, resurfaced, resurfacer, resurfacers, resurfaces, resurfacing, subsurface, subsurfaces, undersurface, undersurfaces, windsurfed, windsurfing, windsurfings, windsurfs. (additional references) | |
| |
"Surf" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: curff, Cyrff, durf, gurf, murf, sarf, serfy, sernf, Sgur, sirf, sjur, skurf, smurf, smurfy, sru, suarf, suef, suff, sulf, sumr, surb, surc, surg, suri, surl, surn, surp, surr, surra, surt, surv, surve, sury, suuri, urf, usf, usr, ussf, zurp. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "surf" (pronounced ser"f) |
| 3 | s er" f | serf. |
| 2 | -er" f | turf. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: furs. | |
| Words within the letters "f-r-s-u" | |
-1 letter: fur. | |
-2 letters: us. | |
| Words containing the letters "f-r-s-u" | |
+1 letter: curfs, fours, frugs, furls, ruffs, scurf, surfs, surfy, turfs. | |
+2 letters: femurs, feuars, flours, fluors, forums, frauds, fruits, frumps, frusta, fumers, furans, furies, furors, furzes, fusser, gruffs, refuse, ruffes, rufous, scruff, scurfs, scurfy, suffer, sulfur, surfed, surfer. | |
+3 letters: armfuls, armsful, ausform, buffers, carfuls, curfews, duffers, earfuls, faquirs, favours, ferrous, ferrums, ferulas, ferules, fibrous, figures, fissure, fixures, flusher, fluster, fluters, focuser, fourths, fractus, frenums, friseur, frustum, fubsier, fuelers, fuhrers, fullers, fulmars, funkers, furanes, furbish, furioso, furious, furlers, furless, furnish, furores, furrows, fussers, fussier, fustier, futures, infuser, jarfuls, jarsful, ourself, perfuse, profuse, puffers, purfles, rebuffs, refocus, refuels, refuges, refunds, refusal, refused, refuser, refuses, refutes, restful, restuff, ruboffs, ruffles, runoffs, russify, scruffs, scruffy, snuffer, stuffer, suffari, suffers, sulfurs, sulfury, sunroof, surface, surfeit, surfers, surfier, surfing, truffes, tufters, turfski, unfrees, unfurls, unroofs. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Speeches 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Company Usage | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Abbreviations | 17. Acronyms 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
