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Definition: Structure |
StructureNoun1. A thing constructed; a complex construction or entity; "the structure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons". 2. The manner of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts; "artists must study the structure of the human body"; "the structure of the benzene molecule". 3. The complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; "his lectures have no structure". 4. A particular complex anatomical structure; "he has good bone structure". 5. The people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships; "the social organization of England and America is very different"; "sociologists have studied the changing structure of the family". Verb1. Give a structure to; "I need to structure my days". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "structure" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Structure \Struc"ture\, noun. [Latin expression structura, from struere, structum, to arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin to English strew: compare to the French expression structure. Compare to Construe, Destroy, Instrument, Obstruct.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Census | Usually a separate building that has open space on all sides. However, the Census Bureau treats each townhouse as a separate structure. Some nonresidential structures may contain one or more residences, as in the case of an apartment located above a grocery store or in the basement of a church. (references) |
Computing | In Office Document Architecture(ODA):1)the result of dividing and subdividing the content of a document into increasingly smaller parts, on the basis of the presentation, e. g. into pages, blocks;2)all layout objects and associated content portions forming the layout hierarchy of a document. Source: European Union. (references) |
Meteorology & Standards | A term generally used in combination with another word to denote crystalline or atomic arrangement, e. g. Microstructure, Atomic structure, Crystal structure. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. The parts or members of any building that carry the loads and transmit them to the foundations. Structures in mining areas may suffer some subsidence and are designed accordingly b. Geologically, the disposition of the rock formations; i.e., the broad dips, folds, faults, and unconformities at depth c. In petrology, one of the larger features of a rock mass, like bedding, flow banding, jointing, cleavage, and brecciation; also, the sum total of such features. CF:textured. See:soil structure i.e., the broad dips, folds, faults, and unconformities at depth. (references) |
Transportation | The structure of a heavier-than-air craft, excluding power plant. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
In biochemistry, this shorter and more general term is frequently used to refer to alpha amino acids, that is, those amino acids in which the amino and carboxylate functionalities are attached to the same carbon. Some molecules like proline don't contain an amino group and chemically are not amino acids (technically proline is an imino acid), but are also classified as such because of functional similarity to real amino acids in living cells.
Amino acids are a biochemical building block. They form the building blocks of long chemical chains called proteins (see below). Amino acids are also the building blocks of shorter chains called peptides.
There are 20 amino acids that are encoded by the standard genetic code. Other amino acids contained in proteins are usually the result of modification after translation (protein synthesis). These modifications are often essential for the function of the protein. At least two amino acids other than the standard 20 are sometimes incorporated into proteins during translation:
Over 500 amino acids have been found in nature.
- Selenocysteine is incorporated into some proteins at a UGA codon, which is normally a stop codon.
- Pyrrolysine is used by some methanogens in enzymes that they use to produce methane. It is coded for similarly to selenocysteine but with the codon UAG instead.
As well as protein synthesis, there are other biologically important amino acids such as carnitine (used in lipid transport within a cell), ornithine, and taurine.
Some of the 20 amino acids in the genetic code are essential amino acids, meaning that they cannot be synthesized by the body from other compounds through chemical reactions, but instead must be taken in with food. In humans, the essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, and (in children) histidine and arginine.
The general structure of alpha amino acids is:
COOH | H-C-R | NH2Where "R" represents a side chain specific to each particular amino acid. Amino acids are usually classified by properties of the side chain into four groups: acidic, basic, hydrophilic (polar), and hydrophobic (nonpolar).
Except for glycine, where R = H, amino acids occur in two possible optical isomers, called D and L. L amino acids represent the vast majority of amino acids found in proteins. D amino acids are found in some proteins produced by exotic sea-dwelling organisms, such as cone snails. They are also abundant components of the cell walls of bacteria. Proteins are created by polymerization of amino acids by peptide bonds in a process called translation:
1. Amino acid; 2, zwitterion structure; 3, two amino acids forming a peptide bond. (Also see bond.)Twenty amino acids are represented in the genetic code:
The chemical properties of the side chains are:
Abbrev. Full Name Side chain type Mass Isoelectric point Remarks A Ala Alanine hydrophobic 89.09 6.11 C Cys Cysteine hydrophilic 121.16 5.05 Two cysteines can form a disulfide bond. This enforces tertiary structure, and such proteins as insulin have disulfide bonds. D Asp Aspartic acid acidic 133.10 2.85 E Glu Glutamic acid acidic 147.13 3.15 F Phe Phenylalanine hydrophobic 165.19 5.49 G Gly Glycine hydrophilic 75.07 6.06 Because of the two hydrogen atoms at the α carbon, glycine is not optically active. H His Histidine basic 155.16 7.60 I Ile Isoleucine hydrophobic 131.17 6.05 K Lys Lysine basic 146.19 9.60 L Leu Leucine hydrophobic 131.17 6.01 M Met Methionine hydrophobic 149.21 5.74 N Asn Asparagine hydrophilic 132.12 5.41 P Pro Proline hydrophobic 115.13 6.30 Can disrupt protein folding structures like α helix or β sheet. Q Gln Glutamine hydrophilic 146.15 5.65 R Arg Arginine basic 174.20 10.76 S Ser Serine hydrophilic 105.09 5.68 T Thr Threonine hydrophilic 119.12 5.60 V Val Valine hydrophobic 117.15 6.00 W Trp Tryptophan hydrophobic 204.23 5.89 Y Tyr Tyrosine hydrophilic 181.19 5.64
Amino
Acidhydrophobic positive negative polar charged small tiny aromatic aliphatic van der Waals volume Ala X - - - - X X - - 67 Cys X - - - - X - - - 86 Asp - - X X X X - - - 91 Glu - - X X X - - - - 109 Phe X - - - - - - X - 135 Gly X - - - - X X - - 48 His X X - X X - - X - 118 Lys X X - X X - - - - 135 Ile X - - - - - - - X 124 Leu X - - - - - - - X 124 Met X - - - - - - - - 124 Asn - - - X - X - - - 96 Pro - - - - - X - - - 90 Gln - - - X - - - - - 114 Arg - X - X X - - - - 148 Ser - - - X - X X - - 73 Thr X - - X - X - - - 93 Val X - - - - X - - X 105 Trp X - - X - - - X - 163 Tyr X - - X - - - X - 141 Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Amino acid."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Neuroanatomy is the anatomy of the nervous system. In vertebrate animals, the routes that the myriad nerves take from the brain to the rest of the body (or "periphery") and the internal structure of the brain in particular are both extremely elaborate. As a result, the study of neuroanatomy has developed into a discipline in itself, although it also represents a specialization within neuroscience. The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the brain has figured centrally in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or "lesions" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.Neuroanatomists work mainly by dissecting, "imaging" (such as MRI, CT and PET), performing in vivo staining and histology.
Cellular neuroanatomy is the anatomy of neurons and glia, including the branching of dendrites and the detailed structure of synapses. It is studied with the techniques of histology and microscopy, often in concert with genetic engineering, which maybe used to "tag" specific proteins.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Neuroanatomy."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In biochemistry, to specify the primary structure of an unbranched biopolymer, such as a molecule of DNA, RNA or protein, is to name the species of every subunit (nucleotide or amino acid) in order from the beginning to the end of the molecule. The primary structure, in other words, refers to a biopolymer's exact chemical composition and to the sequence in which its subunits are arranged.While the primary structure of a biological polymer to a large extent determines the three-dimensional shape that the molecule assumes in vivo, knowing it often doesn't help a person to deduce this shape (known as the tertiary structure) or to predict localized structuring, such as the formation of loops or helices (called secondary structure). At the atomic level, very few types of dihedral angles are specified by the primary structure. Nor are many non-bonded interatomic contacts specified.
However, the nature of nearly all of the covalent bonds and of many of the bond angles are implied at the level of primary structure based on the structural invariants inherent in the monomers involved, and therefore the primary structure is rich with information.
- See also : DNA sequence -- secondary structure -- tertiary structure -- quaternary structure -- translation
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Primary structure."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Protein folding is the process by which a protein assumes its functional shape or conformation. All protein molecules are simple unbranched chains of amino acids, but it is by coiling into a specific three-dimensional shape that they are able to perform their biological function. In fact, disruption of the functional or "native" shapes of proteins is the primary cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including those caused by prions and amyloid.The particular amino-acid sequence of a protein predisposes it to fold into its native conformation, and many proteins do so spontaneously during or after their synthesis inside cells. While these macromolecules may be seen as "folding themselves," in fact their folding depends a great deal on the characteristics of their surrounding solution, including the identity of the primary solvent (either water or lipid inside cells), the concentration of salts, and temperature.
For the most part, scientists have been able to study only many identical molecules folding together en masse. It appears that in transitioning to the native state, a given amino acid sequence always takes roughly the same route and proceeds through roughly the same number of fundamental intermediates. At the coarsest level, folding involves first the establishment of secondary structure, particularly alpha helices, and only afterwards tertiary structure (formation of quaternary structure appears to involve the "assembly" or "coassembly" of subunits that have already folded). Shortly before settling into their more stable native conformation, molecules appear to pass additionally through a "molten globule" state. The entire process from fully denatured to fully folded lasts a few tens of milliseconds.
In certain solutions and under some conditions proteins will not fold at all. Temperatures above or below the range that cells tend to live in will cause proteins to unfold or "denature" (this is why boiling makes the white of an egg opaque). High concentrations of solutes and extremes of pH can do the same. A fully denatured protein lacks both tertiary and secondary structure, and exists as a so-called random coil. Cells sometimes protect their proteins against the denaturing influence of heat with enzymes known as chaperones or heat shock proteins, which assist other proteins both in folding and in remaining folded. Some proteins never fold in cells at all except with the assistance of chaperones. Generally, however, folding is a spontaneous, reversible, equilibrium process.
The determination of the folded structure of a protein is a lengthy and complicated process, involving methods like X-ray crystallography and NMR. In bioinformatics, one of the major areas of interest is the prediction of native structure from amino-acid sequences alone.
Recently a distributed computing application, "folding@home," has been used to simulate protein folding.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Protein folding."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
There is growing realisation in the farming world that soil has a natural structure which can be damaged by tillage. A relatively undisturbed structure is more efficient in its use of nutrients amd in its abilty to encourage microbial activity and hence the breakdown of organic matter. Various systems have been developed to protect the soil's structure and to assist in restoring this inherent asset.See also: Masanobu Fukuoka, soil, no-till agriculture
External link
- Let The Soil Work For Us: Improvement of soil quality by assisting the development of its natural structure.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Soil structure."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Many chemical compounds, especially hydrocarbons, can exist in different geometric configurations. A structural formula represents the arrangements of atoms in a way that a chemical formula cannot.A simple example of this may be seen with the hydrocarbon butane, C4H10. The four carbons may be arranged in a linear pattern, or in a branched, "T" pattern. The first arrangement is known as orthobutane, while the second is isobutane.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Structural formula."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A Structure can be a building or other thing built, such as a bridge, but here the structure of a thing is how the parts of it relate to each other, how it is put together; how it works is process, but process requires a viable structure.
Both reality and language have structure. One of the goals of general semantics, and of science, is to create and use language the structure of which accurately parallels the structure of reality.
See also: pattern, general semantics, reality
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Structure."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, progress often consists of recognising the same structure in different contexts - so that one method exploiting it has multiple applications. In fact this is a normal way of proceeding; in the absence of recognisable structure (which might though be hidden) problems tend to fall into the combinatorics classification of matters requiring special arguments.In category theory structure is discussed implicitly - as opposed to the explicit discussion typical with the many algebraic structures. Starting with a given class of algebraic structure, such as groupss, one can build the category in which the objects are groups and the morphisms are group homomorphisms: that is, of structures on one type, and mappings respecting that structure. Starting with a category C given abstractly, the challenge is to infer what structure it is on the objects that the morphisms 'preserve'.
The term structure was much used in connection with the Bourbaki group's approach. There is even a definition. Structure must definitely include topological space as well as the standard abstract algebra notions. Structure in this sense is probably commensurate with the idea of concrete category that can be presented in a definite way - the topological case means that infinitary operations will be needed. Presentation of a category (analogously to presentation of a group) can in fact be approached in a number of ways, the category structure not being (quite) an algebraic structure in its own right.
The term transport of structure is the 'French' way of expressing covariance or equivariance as a constraint: transfer structure by a surjection and then (if there is an existing structure) compare.
Since any group is a one-object category, a special case of the question about what the morphisms preserve is this: how to consider any group G as a symmetry group? That is answered, as best we can by Cayley's theorem. The analogue in category theory is the Yoneda lemma. One concludes that knowledge on the 'structure' is bound up with what we can say about the representable functors on C. Characterisations of them, in interesting cases, were sought in the 1960s, for application in particular in the moduli problems of algebraic geometry; showing in fact that these are very subtle matters.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Structure (category theory)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This page has been listed on Wikipedia:Votes for deletion. Please see that page for justifications and discussion.Atlas Shrugged is divided into three parts, with ten chapters in each part. Chapters are divided into any number of sections.
Part 1 - Non-Contradiction
Chapters:
- The Theme
- The Chain
- The Top and the Bottom
- The Immovable Movers
- The Climax of the D'Anconias
- The Non-Commercial
- The Exploiters and the Exploited
- The John Galt Line
- The Sacred and the Profane
- Wyatt's Torch
Part 2 - Either-Or
Chapters:
- The Man who Belonged on Earth
- The Aristocracy of Pull
- White Blackmail
- The Sanction of the Victim
- Account Overdrawn
- Miracle Metal
- The Moratorium on Brains
- By Our Love
- The Face without Pain or Fear or Guilt
- The Sign of the Dollar
Part 3 - A Is A
Chapters:
- Atlantis
- The Utopia of Greed
- Anti-Greed
- Anti-Life
- Their Brothers' Keepers
- The Concerto of Deliverance
- "This is John Galt Speaking"
- The Egoist
- The Generator
- In the Name of the Best within Us
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Structure of Atlas Shrugged."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| STRUC | English | Structure | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: StructureSynonyms: anatomical structure (n), bodily structure (n), body structure (n), complex body part (n), construction (n), social organization (n), social structure (n), social system (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Form | Form, figure, shape; conformation, configuration; make, formation, frame, construction, cut, set, build, trim, cut of one's jib; stamp, type, cast, mold; fashion; contour; (outline); structure; plasmature. |
Organization | Protoplasm, cytoplasm, protein; albumen; structure; organization, organism. |
Production | Edifice, building, structure, fabric, erection, pile, tower, flower, fruit. |
Texture | Noun: structure (form), organization, anatomy, frame, mold, fabric, construction; framework, carcass, architecture; stratification, cleavage. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You need structure and discipline (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) He needs boundaries and structure. There's something about flying a kite at night that's so unwholesome (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) This is my exact inner structure, done in a tee shirt (This Is Spinal Tap; writing credit: Christopher Guest; Michael McKean) It's a particle of mud. But by virtue of its atomic structure it emits radiation (X the Unknown; writing credit: Jimmy Sangster) That's why they built this: The Canadian National Tower! World's largest free-standing structure! (Canadian Bacon; writing credit: Michael Moore) | |
Lyrics | He could theoretically build a DNA structure that would ensure (Mephisto and Kevin; performing artist: Primus) Was to genetically duplicate the DNA structure of Asparagus, (Mephisto and Kevin; performing artist: Primus) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Rei structure (1988) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Members of the first National Advisory Cancer Council at the groundbreaking ceremonies at the NCI's building 6 in June, 1938. (Left to right) Francis Wood, C.C Little, James Ewing, Arthur Compton, James Conant, Thomas Parran, and Ludwig Hektoen. This new building, erected on land donated by Mrs. Luke J. Wilson was the fourth to be constructed in the complex that is now the National Institutes of Health. The structure was unique in that year of 1939, with its physical equipment and facilities designed solely for scientific research in a specialized field of science. Building 6 was to house the National Cancer Institute, the first of the nine specialized institutes that would comprise NIH. See also ar003810. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Line drawings having interior bone structure and cross-section of bone. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Illustration of structure of hyphal tip. er - endoplasmic reticulum, s - septum, m - mitochondrion, n - nucleus, vgs - Golgi, r - ribosome, p - plasma membrane, v - vesicles. Credit: CDC. |  | Molecular structure of adenosine monophosphate. Credit: CDC. |
 | Mariner 9 image of the "Inca City". During the Mariner 9 mission, scientists found an unusual rectilinear structure associatedwith the south polar pitted terrain which they dubbed the "Inca City". Located near-80 degrees latitude and 64 degrees longitude, it is likely the result of wind deflationof deposits from underlying rough terrain. The "cells" in the image are about 4-5kilometers in width. Credit: NASA. |  | Callisto's Valhalla impact structure. Credit: NASA. |
 | The so-called Richat Structure is a geological formation in the Maur Adrar Desert in the African country of Mauritania. Although it resembles an impact crater, the Richat Structure formed when a volcanic dome hardened and gradually eroded, exposing the onion-like layers of rock. Credit: NASA. |  | MT. MITCHELL CTD operations - Field Operations Officer Dave Gardner on right Night-time deployment of CTD rosette CTD - Conductivity, Temperature, Depth measurements MT. MITCHELL CTD's used to determine ocean sound velocity structure In support of bathymetric mapping operations. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Orifice and tide staff for bubbler gauge on offshore structure Eleuthera Island operations off of PEIRCE. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Volunteers helping clean up the wetlands and waterfront area around Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor. Here some are cleaning a rock riprap erosion mitigation structure. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Roof Structure" by Steven Lester Commentary: "Sky through the roof of Helsinki station." | "Stainless steel structure 5" by raznov Commentary: "5th in the series. Just a different angle." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Guillaume Apollinaire | A structure becomes architectural, and not sculptural, when its elements no longer have their justification in nature. |
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow | Like a French poem is life; being only perfect in structure when with the masculine rhymes mingled the feminine are. |
Tori Amos | I'd like to think that my work has multidimensionality. That I can change a pair of shoes in the middle of the song and it's OK. That there is no structure that says I have to wear the same pair all the way through. As long as I've got feet, it's all right. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | Surely we should work with conscious purpose for a grand pacification of Europe, within the structure of the United Nations and in accordance with its Charter. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The structure, taken as a whole, is not more than a hundred years old. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Ma watched the structure grow and followed it. |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | We came at length to the house, which was indeed a noble structure, built according to the best rules of ancient architecture |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Its structure is less dense. (references) | |
In cells affected by Alzheimer's, this structure has collapsed. (references) | ||
A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. (references) | ||
Business | Asset Structure ($k/employee) (references) | |
Income Structure ($k/employee) (references) | ||
Liability Structure ($k/employee) (references) | ||
Children | Papua New Guinea | Most persons with disabilities do not find training or work outside the family structure. (references) |
Solomon Islands | Persons with mental disabilities are cared for within the family structure; there are no government facilities for such persons. (references) | |
Solomon Islands | With high unemployment countrywide and few jobs available in the formal sector, most persons with disabilities, particularly those in rural areas, do not find work outside of the family structure. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Poland | The legislation outlines the internal structure of the religious groups, their activities, and procedures for property restitution. (references) |
Chad | An official national structure, the National Committee for Welcoming and Reinsertion, addresses domestic and foreign refugee affairs. (references) | |
Pakistan | Christian and Hindu minority leaders have conducted a partially successful boycott of the elections to protest the separate electorates structure. (references) | |
Economic History | Qatar | Table 3.1 shows the corporate income tax structure. (references) |
Japan | Investors should be aware of Japan's high wage structure. (references) | |
Saudi Arabia | They resemble U.S. corporations in structure and function. (references) | |
Human Rights | Afghanistan | Some areas have a more formal judicial structure than others. (references) |
Liberia | In some counties, the structure that serves as a jail is a container with bars at one end. (references) | |
Armenia | Approximately 55 percent of the appointed judges in 1999 had been judges under the old structure. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Australia | The Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra, an informal NGO of Aboriginals that has set up a small structure on public land opposite the Old Parliament building, seeks to publicize aboriginal grievances. (references) |
Indonesia | NGO's assert that violations of the rights of indigenous people are frequent in the mining and logging areas, and that violations stem from the Government's denial of ownership by indigenous people of ancestral land, erosion of indigenous groups' traditional social structure, and forced takeover of land. (references) | |
Minorities | Iraq | The country's cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity is not reflected in its political and economic structure. (references) |
Political Economy | BANGLADESH | In most cases, private sector employers ignore this wage structure. (references) |
Switzerland | Switzerland is a constitutional democracy with a federal structure. (references) | |
VENEZUELA | The CET has a five-tier tariff structure of zero, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent. (references) | |
Political Rights | Kenya | At the local level, the President exercises sweeping power over the administrative structure. (references) |
East Timor | In July 2000, UNTAET established a new governing structure, the East Timor Transitional Administration. (references) | |
China | The elected village committees are not part of the formal Government structure and have no formal constitutional role. (references) | |
Trade | Jamaica | The rate structure was to be revised downward in 4 phases. (references) |
Chad | Chad's tariff structure is based on fiscal and custom duties. (references) | |
Haiti | Long term financing is constrained by the short-term structure of deposits. (references) | |
Travel | Vietnam | Check the fee structure prior to placing any calls overseas. (references) |
New Zealand | The Chrysler Corporation utilized a low, non-negotiable retail price structure when it introduced its Jeep line in New Zealand. (references) | |
Uk | The British class structure based on property and land ownership has been eroded by taxation, education, and social developments over the last few decades. (references) | |
Women | Iraq | Such abuse customarily is addressed within the tightly knit family structure. (references) |
Djibouti | Violence against women normally is dealt with within the family or clan structure rather than in the courts. (references) | |
Guyana | The GHRA has criticized the structure of the Domestic Violence Act, stating that the law cannot be implemented until appointments have been made to the Women's Affairs Bureau. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Australia | In 1999 a union used the act's provisions to withdraw from its larger union structure. (references) |
Brazil | The relatively centralized structure is designed to insulate SETIF from local political pressure. (references) | |
Bulgaria | Doctors and dentists have expressed dissatisfaction with their Government-imposed union structure. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | MONUMENT, n. A structure intended to commemorate something which either needs no commemoration or cannot be commemorated. The bones of Agammemnon are a show, And ruined is his royal monument, but Agammemnon's fame suffers no diminution in consequence. The monument custom has its reductiones ad absurdum in monuments "to the unknown dead" -- that is to say, monuments to perpetuate the memory of those who have left no memory. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Bob Costas | You need a structure. For example, fans--when people say fans just resent the size of players' contracts, I think that was true in past generations, but people are used to it now. They're numb to it or they accept it. |
Rush Limbaugh | Soft money was invented by creative souls as a way around the current campaign finance structure. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | In proportion as the structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened. |
Herbert C. Hoover | 1929-1933 | While the authority of the Federal Government extends to but part of our vast system of national, State, and local justice, yet the standards which the Federal Government establishes have the most profound influence upon the whole structure. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | We are moving on with other nations to build an even stronger structure of international order and justice. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | I am busy, currently, reviewing the structure of the entire executive branch of this Government. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | With those who are willing to join, let us cooperate to reduce the burden of arms, to strengthen the structure of peace, to lift up the poor and the hungry. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | World trade and monetary structure provides markets, energy, food, and vital raw materials--for all nations. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | My Administration has devoted particular attention to the issues of world hunger, agricultural land use, and the future structure of American agriculture. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | But we can not have such reform while our tax policy is engineered by people who view the tax as a means of achieving changes in our social structure. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Structure" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.70% of the time. "Structure" is used about 13,726 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.7% | 13,685 | 664 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.13% | 18 | 82,615 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.09% | 13 | 97,576 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.07% | 10 | 111,207 |
| Total | 100.00% | 13,726 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "structure": agricultural structure survey ♦ algebraic structure ♦ anatomical structure ♦ atomic structure ♦ banded structure ♦ bodily structure ♦ body structure ♦ bottom structure ♦ bull's eyes structure ♦ cartilaginous structure ♦ cellular structure ♦ class structure ♦ classificatory structure ♦ coherent structure ♦ columnar structure ♦ concrete Data Structure ♦ contextual representation structure ♦ control structure ♦ cost structure ♦ data structure ♦ defensive structure ♦ Directory Information Tree structure rule ♦ DIT structure rule ♦ diversion structure ♦ divisionalized structure ♦ document structure ♦ drift structure ♦ drop structure ♦ fall structure ♦ family structure ♦ Fluidal structure ♦ fluxion structure ♦ Fluxional structure ♦ fossilized structure ♦ Group Structure ♦ hierarchical data structure ♦ hierarchical structure ♦ horny structure ♦ horsetail structure ♦ layered system structure ♦ layout structure ♦ lumped structure ♦ managerial structure ♦ megalithic structure ♦ mesa structure ♦ mesh structure ♦ milled structure ♦ MIS structure ♦ Molecular Structure ♦ monoclinal structure ♦ monocoque structure ♦ MOS structure ♦ muscular structure ♦ neural structure ♦ organic structure ♦ Organizational Breakdown Structure ♦ periclinal structure ♦ phrase structure ♦ physical structure ♦ positioned interface structure ♦ power structure ♦ prismatic structure ♦ production structure ♦ program structure diagram ♦ Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ♦ quaquaversal structure ♦ reporting structure ♦ reproductive structure ♦ reticular structure ♦ reticulate structure ♦ rhetorical structure theory ♦ schistose structure ♦ schistous structure ♦ secondary structure ♦ sedimentary structure ♦ sentence structure ♦ sheet structure ♦ skeletal structure ♦ slab structure ♦ slaty structure ♦ social structure ♦ solid structure ♦ sound structure ♦ structure diagram ♦ structure factor ♦ structure hole ♦ structure map ♦ structure of Management Information ♦ supporting structure ♦ surface structure constraint ♦ syllable structure ♦ table structure ♦ tax structure ♦ tectonic structure ♦ TST structure ♦ upper internals structure ♦ vascular structure ♦ vertical structure of the wind ♦ word structure ♦ work Breakdown Structure ♦ zonal structure. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "structure": structure-action, Structure-Activity, Structure-Activity Relationship, structure-based, structure-borne, structure-function, structure-mechanistic, structure-orientation, structure-oriented, structure-property, structure-recognition, structure-shared, structure-specific, structure-strategy. | |
Ending with "structure": anti-structure, bone-structure, infra-structure, sub-structure, super-structure, time-structure, trna-structure. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
structure | 927 | outdoor structure | 70 |
structure clothing | 284 | atom structure | 69 |
organizational structure | 171 | structure clothing store | 64 |
data structure | 154 | structure man clothing | 61 |
dna structure | 152 | protein structure |
