Strain

Definition: Strain

Strain

Noun

1. (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces.

2. Difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension: "she endured the stresses and strains of life"; "he presided over the economy during the period of the greatest stress and danger"- R.J.Samuelson.

3. A succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence; "she was humming an air from Beethoven".

4. Nervousness resulting from mental stress; "his responsibilities were a constant strain"; "the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him".

5. A special kind of domesticated animals within a species; "he experimented on a particular breed of white rats"; "he created a new variety of sheep".

6. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups; "a new strain of microorganisms".

7. A lineage or race of people.

8. Injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain.

9. Pervading note of an utterance; "I could follow the general tenor of his argument".

10. : an effortful attempt to attain a goal.

11. : an intense or violent exertion.

12. : the act of singing; "with a shout and a song they marched up to the gates".

Verb

1. To exert much effort or energy: "straining our ears to hear.".

2. Test the limits of; "You are trying my patience!".

3. Use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity; "He really extended himself when he climbed Kilimanjaro"; "Don't strain your mind too much".

4. Separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements; "sift the flour".

5. Make tense.

6. Stretch or force to the limit; "strain the rope".

7. Remove by passing through a filter; "filter out the impurities".

8. Rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender; "puree the vegetables for the baby".

9. Alter the shape of (something) by stress; "His body was deformed by leprosy".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "strain" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references)

Note: Strain \Strain\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Strained; Straining.]. (Websters 1913)

Aerospace

Building & Civil Engineering

Food & Agriculture

Geological

Industry

Literature

Medicine

Metallurgy

Mining

Physics

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonyms: Strain

Agency

Verb: be -in action; Adjective: operate, work; act, act upon; perform, play, support, sustain, strain, maintain, take effect, quicken, strike.

Noun: agency, operation, force, working, strain, function, office, maintenance, exercise, work, swing, play; interworking, interaction; procurement.

Caprice

Verb: be capricious; Adjective: have a maggot in the brain; take it into one's head, strain at a gnat and swallow a camel; blow hot and cold; play fast and loose, play fantastic tricks; tourner casaque.

Endearment

Clasp, hug, cuddle; fold in one's arms, strain in one's arms; nestle, nuzzle; embrace, kiss, buss, smack, blow a kiss; salute; (courtesy); fold to the heart, press to the bosom.

Exaggeration

Verb: exaggerate, magnify, pile up, aggravate; amplify; (expand); overestimate; hyperbolize; overcharge, overstate, overdraw, overlay, overshoot the mark, overpraise; make over much, over the most of; strain, strain over a point; stretch, stretch a point; go great lengths; spin a long yarn; draw with a longbow, shoot with a longbow; deal in the marvelous.

Noun: exaggeration; expansion; hyperbole, stretch, strain, coloring; high coloring, caricature, caricatura; extravagance; (nonsense); Baron Munchausen; men in buckram, yarn, fringe, embroidery, traveler's tale; fish story, gooseberry

Exertion

Take pains; do one's best, do one's level best, do one's utmost; give one hundred percent, do the best one can, do all one can, do all in one's power, do as much as in one lies, do what lies in one's power; use one's best endeavor, use one's utmost endeavor; try one's best, try one's utmost; play one's best card; put one's best leg foremost, put one's right leg foremost; have one's whole soul in his work, put all one's strength into, strain every nerve; spare no efforts, spare no pains; go all lengths; go through fire and water; (resolution); move heaven and earth, leave no stone unturned.

Noun: exertion, effort, strain, tug, pull, stress, throw, stretch, struggle, spell, spurt, spirt; stroke of work, stitch of work.

Misinterpretation

Misrepresent, pervert; explain wrongly, misstate; garble; (falsify); distort, detort; travesty, play upon words; stretch the sense, strain the sense, stretch the meaning, strain the meaning, wrest the sense, wrest the meaning; explain away; put a bad construction on, put a false construction on; give a false coloring.

Nonobservance

Retract, go back from, be off, forfeit, go from one's word, palter; stretch a point, strain a point.

Poetry

Verse, rhyme, assonance, crambo, meter, measure, foot, numbers, strain, rhythm; accentuation; (voice); dactyl, spondee, trochee, anapest; hexameter, pentameter; Alexandrine; anacrusis, antispast, blank verse, ictus.

Transcursion

Encroach, trespass, infringe, trench upon, entrench on, intrench on; strain; stretch a point, strain a point; cross the Rubicon.

Undueness

Infringe, encroach, trench on, exact; arrogate, arrogate to oneself; give an inch and take an ell; stretch a point, strain a point; usurp, violate, do violence to.

Weakness

Render weak; Adjective: weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, shake, deprive of strength, relax, enervate, eviscerate; unbrace, unnerve; cripple, unman; (render powerless); cramp, reduce, sprain, strain, blunt the edge of; dilute, impoverish; decimate; extenuate; reduce in strength, reduce the strength of; mettre de l'eau dans son vin.

Crosswords: Strain

And strain! And hyperextend! (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge)

It's a terrible strain on the animator's wrist. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge)

It would appear that the strain was more than he could bear. (Tombstone; writing credit: Kevin Jarre)

And if it snows that that stretch down south won't ever stand the strain (Wichita Lineman; performing artist: Glen Campbell; writing credit: Jimmy Webb)

But not the strain (Planets Of The Universe; performing artist: Stevie Nicks; writing credit: Stevie Nicks)

I'm feelin' the strain (Drift Away; performing artist: The Nylons)

The Andromeda Strain (1971)

Racing Strain (1932)

The Fighting Strain (1926)

Lakota Strain (1993)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Books

• Proceedings of an International Symposium on Absorbed Specific Energy And/or Strain Energy Density Criterion (reference)

• Conquering Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : And Other Repetitive Strain Injuries (reference)

• Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Repetitive Strain Injury: Current Concepts in Diagnosis, Management, Disability, and Health Economics) (reference)

• Genetic Interaction Between Phaseolus Vulgaris and Bean Common Mosaic Virus With Implications for Strain Identification and Breeding for Resistance (reference)

• Crichton Thrillers-4 Vol. Boxed Set (Andromeda Strain, Sphere, The Great Train Robbery, Terminal Man) (reference)

  (more book examples)

Periodicals

• Journal Of Strain Analysis For Engineering Design (reference)

• Strain (reference)

  (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies

• The Andromeda Strain (reference)

  (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music

• Lunar Strain & Subterranean [LIMITED EDITION] (reference)

  (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech

• 3ft Thin Enet Drop Cable Bncm/ Bncm Rg58 Molded with strain Relief (reference)

• 50ft Thin Enet Drop Cable Bncm/bncm Rg58 Molded Strain Relief (reference)

  (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

This strain was penicillin-resistant. Credit: CDC.

Two spirochetes bound to a 0.2 µm filter. Strain RGA was isolated in 1915 by Uhlenhuth and Fromme from the blood of a soldier in Belgium. Credit: CDC.

Of the three biotypes of C. diphtheriae, i.e. gravis, intermedius, and mitis, the most severe disease is associated with the gravis type, though any strain may produce toxin. Colonial growth pattern determines the biotype. Credit: CDC.

Plate culture of Blastomyces dermatitidis, strain A-507. Mycelial phase. Credit: CDC.

Control slide of Nichol's strain of T. pallidum from a rabbit testicle, and stained by fluorescent antibody technique; magnification 54X. The rate of primary, and secondary syphilis in the U.S. declined by 89.2 percent from 1990 to 2000. Credit: CDC.

Measurements in strain in rock at Dugway Proving Ground. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Crewmember David Owen monitoring strain on lines while tying up the RONALD H. BROWN in Male, capital of the Maldive Islands. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Crewmen at port side midships 5"/25, 20mm and 40mm anti-aircraft guns strain to identify a plane flying overhead, during the Mindoro invasion, 18 December 1944. This was a time of intense Kamikaze attacks, as the expressions on men's faces indicate. Note whaleboat in the lower left, anti-flash clothing, and floater net enclosed in a bag at right. Credit: NAVY.

Victory food from American waters. Muscles strain as husky fisherman of Portuguese descent pull nets on board the Old Glory. Their haul is rosefish, a species now used in large quantities by the armed forces. Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

The sabre of a cuirassier, striking down the pibroch and the arm which bore it, caused the strain to cease by killing the player.

He desired till his frame shook under the strain of his desire and until the senses of his soul closed.

If I were to preach at all in this strain, I should say rather, Set about being good.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Health

Whiplash�a soft tissue injury to the neck�is also called neck sprain or neck strain. (references)

The likely consequences are loss of personal happiness and severe strain on living circumstances. (references)

CDC development of new genotyping system for GAS isolates (emm typing) allows better strain identification. (references)

Business

Ergonomically designed tools to prevent back strain offer enormous potential. (references)

Additionally, the current strain on public expenditures has re-emphasized the importance of price/quality and cost-effectiveness factors in medical products. (references)

Children

Zimbabwe

Deaths from HIV/AIDS have created hundreds of thousands of orphans, a number expected to rise to 1 million by 2005. This rapidly growing problem is expected to put a tremendous strain on both formal and traditional social systems. (references)

Civil Liberties

Hungary

The increase in asylum caseload resulting from a change in the law in 1998 and from events in Kosovo and the resulting NATO action in 1999 placed a tremendous strain on the OIN's resources, leading to a large number of pending cases and an increased processing time per application. (references)

Economic History

Georgia

The growth in transit trade is placing tremendous strain on a transportation structure not designed for such use. (references)

Political Economy

Ukraine

Areas of particular strain involve energy supplies and gas transit. (references)

Sri Lanka

These disputes, since resolved, placed some strain on the bilateral relationship. (references)

PAKISTAN

The government withdrew the subsidy on export finance as part of its trade-policy reform commitment with the IMF due to its strain on the national budget. (references)

Trade

Japan

The collapse of the asset price "bubble" and the consequent worsening of bank balance sheets since the early 1990s, as well as corporate borrowing outside of traditional channels has increasingly tapped international capital markets, and placed traditional banking systems under considerable strain. (references)

Travel

Costa Rica

Although Costa Rica's infrastructure is better than most in the region, the road system is not well maintained, causing strain to both vehicle and driver. (references)

Worker Rights

Brazil

The law bars all minors under age 18 from work that constitutes a physical strain or from employment in nocturnal, unhealthy, dangerous, or morally harmful conditions. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Expressions using "strain": agouti strain ♦ animal strain ♦ attenuated strain ♦ be a strain on ♦ cotton strain ♦ eye strain ♦ inflationary strain ♦ mental strain ♦ microbial strain ♦ nervous strain ♦ obese strain ♦ overuse strain injury ♦ poinsettia strain ♦ psychosocial work strain ♦ put a strain on ♦ put too great a strain on ♦ put too much strain on ♦ relief of the strain ♦ relieve the strain on ♦ repetitive strain disorder ♦ repetitive strain injury ♦ residual strain ♦ shear strain ♦ stand the strain ♦ strain a gnat ♦ strain a muscle ♦ strain a point ♦ strain after ♦ strain ageing ♦ strain at ♦ strain at a gnat and swallow a camel ♦ strain at the leash ♦ strain every nerve ♦ strain every nerves ♦ strain gauge ♦ strain hardening ♦ strain of a tendon ♦ strain of bacteria ♦ strain off ♦ strain one's eyes ♦ strain oneself ♦ strain out ♦ strain relations ♦ strain smb. to one's breast ♦ strain trauma ♦ the stress is proportional to the strain ♦ To strain a point ♦ To strain courtesy. Additional references.

Beginning with "strain": strain-dependent, strain-on-your-meat-pies, strain-slip, strain-style, strain-time, strain-wire.

Ending with "strain": eye-strain, large-strain, side-strain, stress-strain.

Containing "strain": stress-strain-strength.

Albanian

shtrydh (express, extract, extrude, press, press out, squash, squeeze, squeeze out, wring), shtrëngoj (bind, brace, buckle, clamp, clasp, clench, clip, clutch, coerce, compel, compress, constrict, enforce, fasten, force, grapple, grasp, grip, gripe, hold, hug, jam, keep, oblige, pinch, press, restrict, screw, shake, squash, squeeze, strangle, tighten, vice, wring), sforcoj (drive), sforcohem, sforcim (output), racë (blood, kind, limb, lineage, pedigree, race), filtroj (decant, filter, filtrate, percolate), forcë (coercion, effect, emphasis, energy, force, intensity, might, mightiness, muscle, nerve, pith, potency, power, puissance, strength, vigor, vigour, violence), kaloj (alternate, beguile, come by, come round, cross, cut, devolve, elapse, exceed, float, get by, glide, go, go by, go off, go past, negotiate, outbalance, overstep, pass, passage, ram, run, run in, rush by, skip, slip by, slip past, span, spend, take across, track, transcend, transgress, turn, undergo, witness), kulloj (clarify, decant, defecate, drain, exude, filter, filtrate, infiltrate, Leach, percolate, seep, stream), lodh (badger, beat, fatigue, harass, irk, jade, overdo, overdrive, overstrain, overstrain oneself, tire, try, Tucker, wear, wear down, wear out, work), lodhje (emaciation, fatigue, harassment, lassitude, straining, tiredness, Tucker, weakening, weariness), ndej (tauten), ndemje (stress, tension), përqafoj (cuddle, embosom, embrace, enclasp, enfold, fold, hug, squeeze, take on, take smb. in), dëmtohem (scatter), prejardhje (birth, derivation, descent, extraction, genealogy, line, lineage, origin, origination, parentage, pedigree, provenance, provenience, race), tensionoj (distress, stress, stretch), tërheq fort (wrench, yank), tërheqje (affinity, allurement, appeal, appetence, appetency, attraction, attractiveness, crush, draw, drawing, enchantment, enticement, haul, jerk, lure, magnetization, pull, pullback, recall, recession, recoil, retirement, retraction, retreat, revocation, stretch, tow, traction, tug, withdrawal), tendos (draw, exert, stretch, subtend, tauten, tense, tighten, wrack), tendosje (effort, exertion, straining, stretch, stretching, tension), tensionohem, peshë (caliber, calibre, Dolly, heft, load, meterage, plummet, ponderosity, ponderousness, weight, weightiness). (various references)

Arabic 

‏أسلوب (archaism, character, diction, flair, genre, language, manner, method, mode, pattern, phraseology, regimen, sort, style, stylization, technique, tone), ‏جهد نفسه (ingratiate oneself), ‏جهد (dint, effort, exert, exertion, labor, labour, overload, overstrain, overwork, pain, pressure, spirt, spurt, stress, tension, worry), ‏جذب بقوة, ‏جذب (allure, attract, attraction, catch, charm, engage, entice, hale, haul, magnetize, press, pull, rivet, tempt), ‏التواء (contortion, offset, rick, sprain, warp), ‏دفع بقوة (urge), ‏إجهاد (exertion, fatigue, overwork, stress), ‏صفى (clarify, clear, close out, colander, comb out, defecate, determine, do away with, filter, filtrate, leach, liquidate, lixiviate, mop up, polish off, refine, run, sell off, uncloud, wipe out), ‏أصل (ancestry, beginning, birth, derivation, descent, extraction, genealogy, genesis, germ, ingrain, origin, parent, parentage, paternity, pedigree, principle, provenance, provenience, race, rise, root, seed, source, stock, taproot), ‏أصغى (attend, hark, hear, hearken, listen, listen to smb., monitor, pay attention, prick up one's ears), ‏أرهق بالعمل (overwork), ‏أرومة (origin), ‏رضة (contusion, sprain), ‏شد (chock, drawing, enthral, enthrall, harness, lace, pull, tension, thrill, tighten, twitch), ‏إلتوى (bend round, buckle, double, sprain, twist), ‏سحب (call, dash, disengage, draft, drag, dragging, draught, draw, drawing, drawing out, hang fire, haul, heave, lug, pull, recall, recant, retreat, revoke, revulsion, run, take back, take off, tow, traction, trail, train, tug, withdraw, withdrawal), ‏نزعة (bent, bias, direction, disposition, genius, leaning, movement, penchant, ply, predisposition, proclivity, streak, temper, tendency, trend, wind), ‏نبرة (accent, emphasis, ring, stress, tone), ‏لوى ساقه, ‏وتر (bow, catgut, chord, cord, gut, nerve, sinew, snare, string, tauten, tendon, tense, tension), ‏حرن (jib), ‏تناغم (chord, concert, concord, consistency, harmony, mesh, rhythm, symphony, tone, tune, tuning), ‏جمح, ‏سلالة (ancestry, blood, descent, genealogy, line, offspring, parentage, progeny, race, stock), ‏صفة أو نزعة موروثة, ‏عنصر (component, ingredient, motif), ‏عصى (disobey, kick, rebel), ‏عصر (age, compress, compressing, crush, date, eon, epoch, era, period, press, ream, squeeze, time, update, wring), ‏عرق (perspiration, perspire, race, sweat, transpire, vein), ‏ضغط (bear in mind, compress, compressing, compression, crowd, depress, duress, force, hustle, jam, lay stress on smth., lean, lobby, lobbying, pinch, press, pressure, push, screw, smash, squeeze, stress, telescope, tension), ‏ميل (affection, aptness, bent, bevel, cant, disposition, flair, genius, gradient, gust, gusto, inclination, lean, leaning, liking, obliqueness, obliquity, penchant, persuasion, ply, predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, readiness, run, sentiment, set, slant, slope, tendency, tip, turn, use, will), ‏توتر (in a stew, stress, tauten, tautness, tense, tenseness, tension, tensity, tighten). (various references)

Bulgarian 

песен (air, canticle, canto, chanson, chant, note, song, tune), деформация (deformation, distortion, malformation), жилка (fiber, fibre, film, nerve, spice, streak, stria, thread, tinge, vein), елемент (cell, element, ingredient, member, strand, streak, trait, unit), преумора (exhaustion, fag, overstrain, overwork), пресилване (forcing, overstatement, straining, supererogation), пресилвам (force, overstate, overstrain, overtax, overtrain, rack, stretch, supercharge), пренапрежение, пристягам (lash down), присвивам, напрягам (bend, call forth, exert, hump, intensify, overstrain, rack, string up, tense), поезия (minstrelsy, parnassus, poesy, poetry, song, verse), напън (burst, intensity, spurt, thrust), пасирам (puree), изцеждам (rack, squeeze, wring), изтощение (depletion, distress, enervation, exhaustion, fag, fatigue, frazzle, lassitude, prostration, weariness), извращавам (contort, deform, distort, pervert, wrench), известно количество, измятане (hogging, wind), измятам (put out, wrick), изменям в своя полза, изпъвам (straighten, tauten, tense), притискам (constrict, embosom, jam, pin, pin down, pinch, press, press down, screw, snuggle, squeeze, strangulate, throng, weight down), обтягане (tension), род (breed, clan, family, gender, genus, house, kin, kind, kindred, line, manner, name, order, origin, parentage, race, rod, sort, species, stamp, stock, tribe), разтягане (expansion, extension, straining, stretch, stretching, tension), разтягам (expand, rack, stretch), цедя се, филтрирам (filter, filtrate, infiltrate, percolate, sieve), тон (note, shade, sound, tint, ton, tone, tuna, tuna fish, tunny), голямо усилие (tax), вид (air, appearance, aspect, blush, breed, cast, clan, class, complexion, demeanor, demeanour, description, form, genre, genus, grade, guise, kidney, kind, likeness, look, manner, mien, mode, nature, order, persuasion, presence, race, shape, show, similitude, sort, species, stripe, style, taxon, type, variety, view), оттенък (hue, overtone, savor, savour, spice, tincture, tinge, touch, undertone), напрежение (effort, electricity, exertion, intension, intensity, press, pressure, push, stress, stretch, suspense, tension, tensity), обща тенденция, сорт (breed, class, degree, description, genus, grade, kind, nature, order, persuasion, rate, sort, species, style, tap, variety), обтягам (draw out, extend, stretch), обтегнатост, опъване (draw, straining, tension, traction), опъвам (bend, draw, pull, set up, stretch, string up, tauten, tighten), начин на говорене (address), начин на писане (pencraft, penmanship, script), наклонност (bent, habitude, inclination, liability, liking, set, vocation), навяхвам (slip, sprain, twist, wrench, wrick), напъвам (jam), огъвам (bend, curve, flex). (various references)

Chinese 

拉緊 (tense, tighten), � 力. (various references)

Czech

sklon (aptitude, bent, bevel, bias, dip, disposition, drive, fall, gradient, inclination, lean, leaning, penchant, ply, proclivity, propensity, rake, slant, slope, tendency, tilt, twist), natáhnout (extend, soak, straighten, stretch, wind), druh (companion, Comrade, description, fellow, genus, kind, mate, nature, peer, race, species, style, type, variety, yokefellow, yokemate), kmen (base, bole, radical, stem, stock, tribe), melodie (air, melody, tune), námaha (effort, exertion, labor, labour, pains, sweat), namáhání (stress), namáhat (tax, try), napìtí (animosity, straining, stress, stretch, suspense, suspension, tension, voltage), cedit (sieve), napnutí, zpùsob (channel, fashion, form, manner, means, mode, mood, style, vein, way), přetížit (overburden, overload, overtax, surcharge), plemeno (breed, race), rasa (race), tisknout (pinch, print), tlak (head, oppression, pinch, press, pressure, stress), záliba (fondness, hobby, indulgence, liking, predilection, preference, relish, speciality, specialty, taste), zatížení (load), napnout (flex, heave out, stretch, tense, tension, tighten). (various references)

Danish

straekning (elongation, shooting, stem elongation), stamme (stem, trunk), sort (black), udmattelse (attrition, exhaustion, fag, fatigue, tiredness), toejning, tøjning, race (breed, race), logaritmisk tøjning, formændring under tryk (compressive strain), elastisk deformation, deformation (compressive strain, deformation, deviation from stated shape, distortion, movement), belastning (demand, electric load, load, loading, machine effort, pull, recharge, stress, traction), bakterierenkultur (microbial strain), art (kind, sort). (various references)

Dutch

stress (stress), stam (clan, ethnic group, race, radical, root, stem, tree-trunk, tribe, trunk), spanning (anxiety, tension, voltage), soort (kind, sort, species), relatieve kromtrekking, bacteriestam (microbial strain), bakteriestam (microbial strain), belasting (tax), deformatie (bulging, deformation, distortion, malformation, warpage, warping), deformatie door belasting, natuurlijke rek, overinspanning (stress), aandrang (access, congestion, crush, impetus, impulse, insistence, pressure, urgency), rek (bench, cabinet, easel, tressle, workbench), zaagbladspanning, uitputting (cash expenditure, cash expenditures, cash payment, disbursement, disbursements, exhaustion, payments, stress), vervorming (metamorphosis, recreation, refashioning, regeneration, transformation), vormverandering onder druk (compressive strain), ras (breed, race). (various references)

Esperanto

deverŝi (pour off, strain off). (various references)

Farsi 

سفت کشش , دررفتگی یاضرب عضویااستخوان , رگه (Grain, Rake, Streak, Thread, Vein), اصل (Element, Genuine, Germ, Inception, Maxim, Mother, Motif, Paternity, Point, Principle, Provenance, Quintessence, Real, Root, Stem), اسیب (Damage, Harm, Hurt, Inconvenience, Injury, Lesion, Mar, Tort, Trauma), خصوصیت نژادی , صاف کردن (Clear, Even, Face, Fine, Hone, Pave, Percolate, Perk, Plane, Serene, Sleek, Smooth, Unwrap, Urbanize), صفت موروثی , زودبکاربردن , زور (Dint, Energy, Hustle, Might, Power, Push, Strength, Stunt, Thrust, Tuck, Vigor, Vim, Violence, Vis, Vivacity, Zing, Zip), دردسخت (Gripe, Pang), زیادکشیدن , فشار (Brunt, Constraint, Hustle, Impact, Oppression, Press, Pressure, Squeeze, Stress, Tension, Thrust, Zip), تقلا (Agony, Bout, Bustle, Effort, Exertion, Muss, Scrabble, Scramble, Slog, Stress, Strife, Tug, Wrestle), کش دادن (Protract, Stretch), کشیدن (Chart, Drag, Draw, Drawl, Entrain, Experience, Figure, Hale, Haul, Heave, Lave, Lengthen, Peg, Pluck, Pull, Strap, String, Suffer, Trace, Trawl, Weigh), کج کردن (Bend, Contort, Crook, Deflect, Distort, Hook, Incline, Inflect, List, Slant, Tilt, Top), کوشش (Assay, Attempt, Bustle, Effort, Endeavor, Fist, Labor, Muss, Scramble, Stretch, Trial, Try, Tug), کوشش زیادکردن , نژاد (Blood, Descent, Issue, Pedigree, Race), پالودن (Purify, Refine), پیچ دادن (Flex, Hurtle, Screw, Tweak, Wrench), زورزدن . (various references)

Finnish

rotu (breed, race, stock), jännitys (excitement, suspense, tension). (various references)

French

tension (stress), souche (stock, stub, stump), race, lignée (stock), fatigue. (various references)

Frisian

dreagje (pour off, strain off), ôfdreagje (pour off, strain off). (various references)

German

belastung (burden, burdening, charge, encumbrance, incrimination, liabilities, load, load capacity, loading, pressure, putting weight on, stress, tax, tie, trial, weight), anspannung (effort, tautness), stamm (clan, ethnic group, permanent staff, permanent workforce, phylum, race, regular customers, regular team-members, regulars, root, stem, tribe, troop, trunk), spannung (excitement, fixture, stress, suspense, tautness, tension, tightness, voltage), sorte (brand, breed, description, grade, ilk, kind, sort, species, type, variety), rasse (breed, race, spirit), Dehnung (dilating, distension, elongation, lengthening, stretching), dehnen (dilate, distend, lengthen, stretch, to distend, to stretch), anstrengen (exert, fatigue, institute, tire out, try), anspannen (brace, harness, hitch up, strech, stretch, tauten, tax, tense, tense up, tighten, wind up, yoke up). (various references)

Greek 

ένταση (deepness, intensity, stress, tautness, tension), ζόρι (compulsion, force, stress), ζορίζω (force, press, push), τεντώνω (crane, distend, sprawl, stretch, tense), τάση (affinity, bent, drift, inclination, potential, proclivity, tendency, trend). (various references)

Hebrew 

ל�"תאמץ (be at pains, endeavor, endeavour, exert oneself, strive, struggle, take trouble, tug), סו�' (brand, category, class, denomination, fenced, genus, kind, quality, sort, species, turning aside, type), צליל (note, ring, sound, tone), �'זע (breed, race, stem, stock, trunk), �"תאמצות (effort, endeavour), אופי (character, fiber, nature), זן (kind, species, variety), אמוץ (adoption, encouragement, grey, strengthening), ל� קוע (dislocate, sprain, wrench), לס� ן (filter, filtrate, percolate, sieve, sift, strain off, winnow), � קע (cleft, crevice, fissure, sprain), ל�"פריז במאמצים, מתיחות (elasticity, stress, stretch, tenseness, tension, tightness), לחן (melody, tune), לעות (contort, corrupt, distort, falsify, pervert, subvert, twist, warp), למשוך (attract, drag, draw, extend, pull, stretch, tempt, tow), למתח (stretch), למתוח (kid, pull, spoof, sprain, stretch, tauten), י�'יע�" (effort, exertion, labour, toil), מ�'מ�" (aim, drift, tendency, tenor, tide, trend), מאמץ (effort, endeavour, exertion, stress, struggle), מתח (bias, fever, margin, suspense, tension, tizzy), ל�"�"ק (brace, clasp, clip, constrict, fasten, make fast, snug, tie, tighten). (various references)

Hungarian

feszítés (span, straining, stretch, stretching, strut, tension, tug), feszülés (stretch, stretching, tension, tightness). (various references)

Indonesian

membuntangkan (pull up, stretch), ketegangan (stress, suspense, tension). (various references)

Italian

razza (breed, ilk, kind, race, Ray, skate, sort, stock), fatica (difficulty, effort, endeavour, exertion, fag, fatigue, labor, labour, pain, toil, trouble), deformazione (deformation, distortion, warp). (various references)

Japanese Kanji 

過労 (overwork), 調子 (condition, impetus, key, knack, manner, mood, pitch, rhythm, spur of the moment, state of health, style, time, tone, trend, tune, vein, way), 血筋 (blood relationship, lineage, stock), 緊迫 (tension), 歪み (bend, distortion, injustice), 一節 (a joint, a tune, a verse, measure, note, paragraph, passage, section, stanza). (various references)

Japanese Katakana 

き�"ぱく (beaten gold, gold leaf, tension), ひずみ (bend, distortion), ひとふし (a joint, a tune, a verse, measure, note, paragraph, passage, section, stanza), かろう (chief retainer, daimyo's minister, overwork), いがみ (bend, distortion), いっせつ (a joint, a tune, a verse, another report, measure, note, paragraph, passage, section, stanza), ゆがみ (bend, distortion, injustice), ちすじ (blood relationship, lineage, stock), ちょうし (condition, decanter, eldest child or son, impetus, key, knack, listening and watching, manner, memorial address, message of condolence, mood, pitch, rhythm, spur of the moment, state of health, style, time, tone, trend, tune, vein, way). (various references)

Manx

sheeyney (dilation, elongate, extension, give, hand, increase, lengthen, lengthening, marry, pass, produce, production, prolongation, prostrate, prostration, range, rick, spin out, sprain, spraining, spread, stretch, stretch out, stretching, tension, uncoil), chionnid (austerity, compactness, stiffness, tautness, tenseness, tension), chionney (clench, cog, erection, fasten, grit, inflate, momentum, oblige, press, pressurize, pump up, put on, screw up, straighten, tauten, tighten), chennid (distress, drive, narrowness, press, tension, tightness). (various references)

Pig Latin

ainstray

Portuguese

raça (blood, breed, brood, clan, ethnic group, flesh, folk, nation, race, tribe), deformação (buckle, crippling, defacement, deflexion, deformation, deformity, disfiguration, distortion, straining). (various references)

Romanian

se strecura (creep, edge, filter, glide, horn, infiltrate, steal, worm, worm one's way, worm oneself, wriggle oneself into), scurge (buzz, drain, exhaust, gather), se încorda (tighten), se forţa, sforţare (effort, exertion, heat, stretch), solicita (apply for, attract, beg, call on, cause, crave, drive, entail, have, invite, request, require, require smth. of smb., solicit, stress), solicitare (call, force, load, request, requirement, requisition, solicitation, stress), se filtra (filtrate, percolate, perk), strânge (accrete, accumulate, acerbate, acquire, agglomerate, amass, assemble, bind, call, chuck, clamp, clasp, clear, clench, close, collect, compress, concentrate, congregate, constrain, constrict, contract, converge, convolve, cramp, crop, crouch, crowd, crush, cull, cut, diminish, double, fasten, fold, force, garner, gather, glean, harvest, haul, hoard, house, hug, jam, lay aside, lay by, lay in, lay up, levy, lock, lump, make up, mass, muster, nip, pack, pick, pick up, pile, pile on, pinch, press, put away, put by, rake together, rake up, rally, reap, screw, shrink, shut, squeeze, stifle, stock, store, straighten, straiten, suffocate, take up, tighten, troop, warehouse), zãmislire (conception), încordare (effort, intension, intensity, straining, stress, tension), effort (drive, effort, endeavor, endeavour, exertion, force, labor, labour, pain, pluck, push, stretch, struggle, tug), luxa (dislocate, luxate, splay, sprain), luxaţie (dislocation, luxation, sprain, twist), naştere (accouchement, bearing, birth, childbirth, confinement, deliverance, delivery, genesis, get, lying in, nativity, parentage, parturition, rise), neam (ancestry, blood, breed, brood, descent, extraction, family, kind, kinsman, line, lineage, name, nation, origin, people, persuasion, race, relation, relative, remove, sort, species, stem, stock, tribe), rasã (breed, frock, kind, long robe, race), trece prin (course, draw, experience, foot, get through, go through, pass through, perambulate, permeate, run, squeeze through), încorda (clench, draw, force, string, tighten), ton (accent, color, colour, key, mood, song, sound, stop, timbre, tone, tune), zgârci (clench, contract, gristle, shrink, shrivel, writhe), tensiune (intensity, pressure, stretching, tension), tensiona, tendinţã (aptness, bearing, bent, departure, determination, disposition, drift, drive, endeavor, endeavour, hang, inclination, leaning, proclivity, run, streak, striving, tendency, trend), origine (ancestry, beginning, birth, blood, cause, commencement, derivation, descent, emanation, etymology, extraction, fountain-head, genesis, growth, origin, origination, parent, parentage, provenance, rise, root, root stock, source, spring). (various references)

Russian 

натягивать (draw, draw on, pull on, stretch, string, tauten, tense, tighten), деформация (alteration, crippling, deformation, deformity, warp), искажать (contort, defeature, deprave, distort, distort with, falsify, garble, misrepresent, misstate, mutilate, pervert, skew, vitiate), племя (tribe), порода (race, rock, stock), процедить (filter, percolate), процеживать (filtrate, percolate, percolating), злоупотреблять (misapply, misuse, trespass), напряжение (erection, exertion, intension, pull, rush, stress, tension, voltage), напрягать (bend, exert, rack, stretch), деформировать (deform), напрячь (exert), стиль (descriptive style, diction, fashion, genre, make, style, ton, tone, turn), натягиваться (draw, stretch, tense, tighten), наследственность (heredity, inheritance), фильтровать (filter, filtrate, percolate), цедить, растяжение (dilation, distension, distention, expansion, extension, pull, sprain, tension), растягивать (distend, draw out, elongate, protract, spin out, stretch), растягиваться (sprawl, stretch), род (clan, class, description, gender, genus, ilk, kin, kind, order, origin, race, rod, series, species, stem, stock), сжимать (clasp, clench, compress, constrict, contract, grip, jam, pinch, shrank, shrunk, squeeze, squeezed, strangulate, tighten, vice, vise), сорт (grade, kind, make, manner, persuasion, quality, race, sort, style, tap, variety), напрягаться (bend, exert oneself). (various references)

Scottish

siach (sprain, va. sprain or strain a joint). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian

zategnuti (stretch, tense, tighten), trag (mark, print, scuff, spoor, streak, tail, tinge, trace, tracing, track, trail, vestige, wake), procediti (decant, filter, percolate), osobina (attribute, characteristic, mannerism, property, propriety, trait), naprezati (tauten, tense, tighten), naprezanje (straining), napregnuti (brace, flex), napor (dint, effort, endeavor, endeavour, exertion, pull, stress), napeti (fray, tense), loza (breeding, family, lineage, stem, vine), istezanje (racking), istegnuti (pull, stretch, stretch against), crta (feature, line, lineament, trait). (various references)

Spanish

esfuerzo (attempt, brunt, courage, effort, endeavor, endeavour, exertion, labor, labour, pull, spirit, stress, stretch, struggle, tax, toil, trouble, vigor, vigour), tensión (concentration, heat, pressure, stress, suspense, tenseness, tension), raza (breed, colourcast, race), deformación (deformation, distortion, warp), colar (pass, percolate, pour). (various references)

Swedish

sträckning (cold stretching, distraction, drafting, drawing, extension, sprain, stretching), spänning (excitement, kick, load, stress, stretch, suspense, tension, tensity, thrill, unease, voltage), spänna (brace, buckle, draw, put to, span, stretch, string, tauten, tense, tighten), sort (assortment, description, dye, fashion, grade, kidney, kind, manner, order, run, sort, stripe, type, variety), sila (filter, percolate, sift, trickle), anstränga (exert, extend, try), anspänna. (various references)

Thai

สายเลือ�" (blood), ทำให้เครีย�", ทำให้ตึง (tauten), ทำงานหนักเกินไป, การทำให้ตึง, ร่องรอย (clue, sign, smack, suggestion, suspicion), ความตึงเครีย�". (various references)

Turkish

saptırmak (angle, call away, color, colour, contort, deflect, demotivate, detour, deviate, distort, draw off, garble, gerrymander, lead away, reroute, sway, swerve, veer, veer round, vitiate, warp, wring), süzmek (bolt, clarify, contemplate, drain, eye, filter, filtrate, infiltrate, Leach, measure, percolate, settle), soy (ancestor, ancestors, ancestry, birth, breed, cion, extraction, family, flesh and blood, genealogy, lineage, noble, offshoot, parentage, pedigree, phylo-, posterity, progeny, race, stirpes, stirps, stock), süzgeçten geçirmek, çabalamak (endeavor, endeavour, exert oneself, go after, go for, hump oneself, scra