Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Steel |
SteelNoun1. An alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range. 2. A cutting or thrusting weapon with a long blade. 3. Knife sharpener consisting of a ridged steel rod. Verb1. Get ready for something difficult or unpleasant. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "steel" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Steel \Steel\, noun. [Anglo-Saxon st[=e]l, st[=y]l, st[=y]le; akin to Dutch staal, German stahl, Old High German stahal, Icelandic st[=a]l, Danish staal, Swedish st[*a]l, Old Prussian stakla.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Personal Care & Hotels | A ridged steel rod with a handle used for sharpening knives. Source: European Union. (references) |
Bible | Steel The "bow of steel" in (A.V.) 2 Sam. 22:35; Job 20:24; Ps. 18:34 is in the Revised Version "bow of brass" (Heb. kesheth-nehushah). In Jer. 15:12 the same word is used, and is also rendered in the Revised Version "brass." But more correctly it is copper (q.v.), as brass in the ordinary sense of the word (an alloy of copper and zinc) was not known to the ancients. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Health | A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation. (references) |
Meteorology & Standards | Steels designate ferrous products which are generally suitable for hot shaping. With the exception of certain steels with a high chromium content, they contain less than 1. 9 % carbone. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. An iron-base alloy, malleable in some temperature range as initially cast, containing manganese, usually carbon, and often other alloying elements. In carbon steel and low-alloy steel, the maximum carbon is about 2.0%; in high-alloy steel, about 2.5%. The dividing line between low-alloy and high-alloy steels is generally regarded as being at about 5% metallic alloying elements. Steel is to be differentiated from two general classes of irons: the cast irons, on the high-carbon side and the relatively pure irons, such as ingot iron, carbonyl iron, and electrolytic iron, on the low-carbon side. In some steels containing extremely low carbon, the manganese content is the principal differentiating factor, steel usually containing at least 0.25%; ingot iron contains considerably less b. The borer, consisting of shank, shaft, and bit or cutting edge; used for rock-drilling with drifters or jackhammers c. In air hammers, the hollow or solid steel bar that connects the hammerwith the cutting tool. (references) |
Slang in 1811 | STEEL. The house of correction. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Steel is a metallic alloy whose major constituent is iron. Carbon steels are the most widely used metallic alloys, but there are many specific alloys used for their specific properties. One classical definition is that steels are iron-carbon alloys with up to 2.1% carbon. Presently there are several classes of steels in which carbon is an undesirable alloying element. Examples are interstitial free steels. A more recent definition is that steels are iron-based alloys that can be plastically formed. The importance of carbon in most steels results from its effect on steel properties and phase transformations. With the increased carbon, steel is harder and has a much higher tensile strength than iron, but is also more brittle. The first steels were probably created accidentally when iron sword blanks were heated in charcoal forges.
While the ferrite allotrope of iron, which is normally what we see as wrought iron, will not absorb much carbon, when heated to a higher temperature it assumes a mostly austenite structure, allowing it to absorb up to 5% carbon and become pig iron. Additional metals are usually added to carbon steel to change its characteristics. Nickel in steel adds to the tensile strength, chromium increases the hardness, and vanadium also increases the hardness while reducing the effects of metal fatigue.
After the heating process, the cooling of the steel must be controlled in order to control its crystal structure. This is known as quenching, which converts austenite into varying proportions of martensite, ferrite, cementite and bainite. The steel must be cooled quickly in order to achieve the desired crystal form, but cooling too quickly will cause the metal to crack. Water cools the steel too quickly, so oil is traditionally used.
Types of steel
- Carbon steel
- Damascus steel, which was famous in ancient times for its flexibility, was created from a number of different materials (some only in traces), essentially a complicated alloy with iron as main component.
- Stainless steels and surgical stainless steels contain a minimum of 10.5% chromium, often combined with nickel, and resist corrosion (rust). Some stainless steels are non-magnetic.
- Tool Steels
- HSLA Steel (High Strength, Low Alloy)
- Alloy steels
- ferrous superalloys
Production methods
- crucible technique or puddling - the original steel making technique, developed in India as wootz, used in the Middle East as Damascus steel and independently redeveloped in Sheffield by Benjamin Huntsman in 1740, and Pavel Anosov in Russia in 1837.
- Bessemer process, or blast furnace, the first commercial scale steel production process; Steel technical data.
- Open hearth furnace.
- Basic oxygen steelmaking.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Steel."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Steel Bridge is a double lift bridge across the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon. It currently carries Amtrak and cargo trains and a jogging path on its lower deck, and cars (Oregon Highway 1W / Oregon Route 99W) along with the MAX mass transit line on the upper deck. It was named for being the first major bridge constructed primarily of steel in Portland.
The lower deck of the Steel Bridge is raised to let the sternwheeler 'Rose' pass. (Click the image to see a larger version)The bridge was opened in 1912, and it is the only known dual-lift bridge in the world. That means that the lower deck can be raised up to the upper deck independently of the upper deck. They can be raised together, when a large ship requires the extra clearance.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Steel Bridge."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The steel guitar differs from a regular guitar in the way that it is played. The lap steel guitar is held in your lap facing toward you. The strings are raised above the fretboard; rather than pressing them to the fretboard, a steel bar is pressed against the strings. Typically the lap steel guitar is tuned in one of several "open" tunings rather than standard guitar tuning. An open tuning is one in which the strings are tuned in a chord, so that the bar creates a chord at any point up the neck. Slight tilts of the bar across the strings and bendings of the strings create additional "sliding" effects.Steel guitars were originally invented and popularized in Hawaii. Legend has it that Joseph Kekuku, a Hawaiian schoolboy, discovered the sound while walking along a railroad track strumming his guitar. He picked up a bolt lying by the track and slid the metal along the strings of his guitar. Intrigued by the sound, he taught himself to play using the back of a knife blade. Other persons who have been credited with the invention of the steel guitar include Gabriel Davion, an Indian sailor, around 1885, and James Hoa, a Hawaiian of Portuguese ancestry.
"Slide guitar" is a term used to describe how a guitar is played, namely, using a bottleneck or other glass or metal tube, or a flat metal object, such as a pocketknife, to dampen the strings. A Slide guitar could be either a regular, steel-stringed guitar, with raised frets, played vertically, or a high-string steel guitar (no resonator) or Dobro (with resonator), played with a slide (bar, tube, knife, etc.) Slide guitarists often uses regular tunings, or tune only the top strings into a chord.
Many country and bluegrass players use the Dobro® (or a resonator guitar), a steel guitar which uses an internal metal resonator (like a pie pan, with special bracing) to make it louder. "Dobro®" is a registered trademark of the Original Musical Instrument Company. Other resonator-equipped guitars are made by many different companies, including National, Melobar, Scheerhorn, and Johnson. You will sometimes see these referred to as "resophonic" or "ampliphonic" guitars. These are acoustic instruments which are loud due to the resonator that directs the sound outward. Some guitar makers construct instruments entirely out of metal, giving new meaning to steel guitar.
The steel guitar eventually mutated as players sought to expand its usage. The first mutation was adding electric pickups, creating the Electric Hawaiian steel guitar, or the electric lap steel. These were solid-body wood instruments that had no need for a traditional guitar shape. Then, additional strings were added, then additional necks. As the steel guitars got heavier, they were placed on legs, changing from lap steels to table steels. Finally pedals and knee levers were attached to the strings, allowing the player to change tunings and bend strings mechanically, as the guitar is played. The pedal steel guitar is the main steel guitar played today.
Noted Dobro/resonator players:
Noted Lap Steel players:
- Rob Ickes
- Mike Auldridge
- Sol Hoopii
Noted Pedal Steel players:
- Vance Terry
Brad's Page of Steel (http://www.well.com/user/wellvis/steel.html) discusses lap steel guitars in more detail. The Steel Guitar Forum (http://www.steelguitarforum.com/) is a discussion board for all steel guitarists. Information on the pedal steel guitar is available through Carter Steel Guitars (http://www.steelguitarinfo.com/).
- Wayne Fleming
- Leon McAuliffe
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Steel guitar."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| HY steel | English | High yield steel | Metallurgy |
| BL STL | English | Billet Steel | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: SteelSynonyms: blade (n), brand (n), sword (n), nerve (v). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: iron-on (environment, industry). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Arms | Sword, saber, broadsword, cutlass, falchion, scimitar, cimeter, brand, whinyard, bilbo, glaive, glave, rapier, skean, Toledo, Ferrara, tuck, claymore, adaga, baselard, Lochaber ax, skean dhu, creese, kris, dagger, dirk, banger, poniard, stiletto, stylet, dudgeon, bayonet; sword-bayonet, sword-stick; side arms, foil, blade, steel; ax, bill; pole-ax, battle-ax; gisarme, halberd, partisan, tomahawk, bowie knife; ataghan, attaghan, yataghan; yatacban; assagai, assegai; good sword, trusty sword, naked sword; cold steel. |
Avoidance | Beat a retreat; turn tail, turn one's back; take to one's heels; runaway, run for one's life; cut and run; be off like a shot; fly, flee; fly away, flee away, run away from; take flight, take to flight; desert, elope; make off, scamper off, sneak off, shuffle off, sheer off; break away, tear oneself away, slip away, slink away, steel away, make away from, scamper away from, sneak away from, shuffle away from, sheer away from; slip cable, part company, turn one's heel; sneak out of, play truant, give one the go by, give leg bail, take French leave, slope, decamp, flit, bolt, abscond, levant, skedaddle, absquatulate, cut one's stick, walk one's chalks, show a light pair of heels, make oneself scarce; escape; go away; (depart); abandon; reject. |
Engraving | Noun: engraving, chalcography; line engraving, mezzotint engraving, stipple engraving, chalk engraving; dry point, bur; etching, aquatinta; chiseling; plate engraving, copperplate engraving, steel engraving, wood engraving; xylography, lignography, glyptography, cerography, lithography, chromolithography, photolithography, zincography, glyphography, xylograph, lignograph, glyptograph, cerograph, lithograph, chromolithograph, photolithograph, zincograph, glyphograph, holograph. |
Hardness | Stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement. |
Impenitence | Verb: be impenitent; Adjective: steel the heart, harden the heart; die game, die and make no sign, die unshriven, die without benefit of clergy. |
Insensibility | Inure; harden the heart; steel, caseharden, sear. |
Resolution | Steel against, proof against; in utrumque paratus. |
Devote oneself to, give oneself up to; throw away the scabbard, kick down the ladder, nail one's colors to the mast, set one's back against the wall, set one's teeth, put one's foot down, take one's stand; stand firm; (stability); steel oneself; stand no nonsense, not listen to the voice of the charmer. | |
Sharpness | Sharpener, hone, strop; grindstone, whetstone; novaculite; steel, emery. |
Strength | Render strong; Adjective: give strength; Noun: strengthen, invigorate, brace, nerve, fortify, sustain, harden, case harden, steel, gird; screw up, wind up, set up; gird up one's loins, brace up one's loins; recruit, set on one's legs; vivify; refresh; refect; reinforce, reenforce; (restore). |
Adamant, steel, iron, oak, heart of oak; iron grip; grit, bone. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You do that and I'll put all eight inches of steel in your ear. (The Shawshank Redemption; writing credit: Frank Darabont) A man so quick, he's almost fast asleep! I give you, the steel handed stingray, Captain James Hook (Hook; writing credit: J.M. Barrie;) They're stainless steel. Took a bullet in Corregidor (Hot Shots!; writing credit: Jim Abrahams; Pat Proft) Your brains, Fezzik's strength, my steel. (The Princess Bride; writing credit: William Goldman) And the whole steel mill was gay. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) | |
Lyrics | There ain’t nothing like a steel guitar (Don't Rock The Jukebox; performing artist: Alan Jackson) And chromium steel (Allentown; performing artist: Billy Joel) I'm a cowboy, on a steel horse I ride (Wanted Dead or Alive; performing artist: Bon Jovi) A frozen oasis of steel (Ice Machine In The Desert; performing artist: Brave Combo) The men of steel, the men of power (Land Of Confusion; performing artist: Genesis) | |
Clever | Mind like a steel trap: rusty and illegal in most states. (references; author: unknown) There are three things extremely hard: steel, a diamond, and to know one's self. (references; author: unknown) | |
Tongue Twisters | Six twin screwed steel steam cruisers. (references; author: unknown) Twelve standard stainless steel twin screw cruisers. (references; author: unknown) United States twin-screw steel cruisers. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Ten Fingers of Steel (1973) Lady of Steel (1970) High Steel (1965) Man of Steel (1965) | |
Song Titles | Heart Of Steel (performing artist: The Sandmen) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Aquatic bacteria were grown as biofilm on steel for one week. Biofilms are colonies of microorganisms that attach and grow on a solid surface that has been exposed to water. Credit: CDC. |  | Steel and concrete climb before the catwalk as CDC's new virology building goes up. Maximum containment equipment and facilities continue to help CDC scientists do viral research for health problems of the 21st century. Credit: CDC. |
 | It's as big as Manhattan Island, is 10 trillion times denser than steel, and is hurtling our ... Credit: NASA. |  | Looking through the twisted steel of a 90-foot tower wrecked by a storm Triangulation party of E. O. Heaton. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | William Musseter setting steel bars to facilitate climbing for observing party Reconnaissance party of William Musseter. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | In the foreground, an Elkhorn coral, Acropora palmatta, fragment is reattached to the reef. Stainless steel nails are holding the wire in place. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | A coral fragment reattached using the experimental plastic ties that were later discarded in favor of stainless steel wire that could be tightened more securely. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | MIR during recovery-- sphere is made of high strength steel made in Finland. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
 | Attaching 1/4 square meter grid to pipes by rope. The method did not work and eventually a hole was drilled in the four corners of the grid area, a stainless steel screw was attached, and nylon string was strung between the four corners. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |  | A permanent grid station showing outline of sample grid, stainless steel screw used to attach the nylon line, and the invertebrate community typical of the inside roof of pipe. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Corrugated steel fence" by Roland Peschetz Commentary: "A fence made of corrugated steel - picture taken in Bangkok." | "Door of Steel" by Kim Heisler Commentary: "This photo is showing a cellar door." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Piano chords, steel drums, and rhythmic ostinato percussion. . | | A lap steel guitar melody played in a stereotypically Hawaiian manner. |
| Slow melody with prominent lap steel glissandi. | | Synthesized steel drums playing in parallel motion in an ascending scalar manner. |
| Digital lap steel guitar glissandi accompanied by other synthesizers. | | Guitar chords strumming with lap steel guitar melody in a very kitschy Hawaiian style. |
| Steel guitar in the foreground to a Jamaican-influenced. accompaniment. | | Caribbean-influenced excerpt using steel drum techniques and rhythms. |
| Stereotypical Hawaiian-sounding excerpt with ukulele and lap steel guitar. | | Electric guitar playing musical note; a single tone plucked on a steel string guitar. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Horace Mann | The teacher who is attempting to teach without inspiring the pupil with a desire to learn is hammering on cold steel. |
Sir Samuel Garth | Some fell by laudanum, and some by steel, and death in ambush lay in every pill. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Allied and Associated Governments may file with the Reparation Commission lists showing: (a) Animals, machinery, equipment, tools and like articles of a commercial character, which have been seized, consumed or destroyed by Germany or destroyed in direct consequence of military operations, and which such Governments, for the purpose of meeting immediate and urgent needs, desire to have replaced by animals and articles of the same nature which are in being in German territory at the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty; (b) Reconstruction materials (stones, bricks, refractory bricks, tiles, wood, window-glass, steel, lime, cement, etc.), machinery, heating apparatus, furniture and like articles of a commercial character which the said Governments desire to have produced and manufactured in Germany and delivered to them to permit of the restoration of the invaded areas. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | From a distance they would be taken for two immense serpents of steel stretching themselves towards the crest of the plateau |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | (For I had about me my flint, steel, match, and burning glass |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | However that may be, I was struck by the peculiar toughness of the steel which bore so many violent blows without being worn out. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Sometimes the weak area is reinforced with steel mesh or wire. This operation is called hernioplasty. (references) | |
Use window screens, chimney caps, and draft-guards beneath doors to attics, fill electrical and plumbing holes with stainless steel wool or caulking, and ensure that all doors to the outside close tightly. (references) | ||
The small radioactive cobalt "pencils" are shipped back to the original nuclear reactor, where they can be recharged for further use. The shipment occurs in special hardened steel canisters that have been designed and tested to survive crashes without breaking. (references) | ||
Business | NatSteel Limited is the only steel producer in Singapore. (references) | |
This report deals with steel frame construction in Argentina. (references) | ||
Kawasaki has been supplying its steel products to Dongkuk Steel. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | United Kingdom | As in previous years, in order to prevent the marchers from proceeding down the Garvaghy Road, the British Army erected a large steel barrier and brought in over 1,000 troops to prevent disorder. (references) |
China | During the year, there were numerous credible reports of abuse and even killings of FLG practitioners by the police and other security personnel, including police involvement in beatings, detention under extremely harsh conditions, and torture (including by electric shock and by having hands and feet shackled and linked with crossed steel chains). (references) | |
Economic History | Turkey | About 75 percent of the country's steel exports transit through Iskenderun. (references) |
Human Rights | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | In January inmates stabbed Superintendent Latchman with a sharpened piece of half-inch steel, which punctured his intestines. (references) |
Israel and the occupied territories | Doctors testified that rubber-coated steel bullets being fired from too close a range apparently caused several of the 13 deaths. (references) | |
Israel and the occupied territories | A response to a violent demonstration must be in clear escalatory stages--first tear gas, then warning shots in the air, then rubber--coated steel bullets. (references) | |
Political Economy | ROMANIA | The recent privatization of Sidex, the largest steel plant, is a positive sign. (references) |
MALAYSIA | In April 1999, another licensing requirement was established for certain iron and steel products. (references) | |
Venezuela | Iron, aluminum, steel, and petrochemical products together comprise nearly half of the nonoil exports. (references) | |
Trade | Australia | The first site selected was the Steel River Facility (Newcastle), near Sydney. (references) |
Brazil | Most of the voluntary standards published deal with steel products and cement and concrete. (references) | |
Malaysia | Another license requirement was established in April 1999 for certain iron and steel products. (references) | |
Travel | Chad | Chad has no cement factory or steel mill and wood is expensive. (references) |
Azerbaijan | It is recommended that residential housing have basic security features such as a steel door, a peephole, and adequate lighting in entryways and hallways. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Algeria | Members of unions in the petrochemical, steel, tobacco, industrial vehicles, electronics, and utilities sectors participated. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | ALONE, adj. In bad company. In contact, lo! the flint and steel, By spark and flame, the thought reveal That he the metal, she the stone, Had cherished secretly alone. Booley Fito |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Al Hunt | You know, Don Evans artfully ducked the Harvey Pitt question. But my favorite answer was, when asked what unpopular positions George Bush has taken, he said, he was willing to stand up for steel workers. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | Yet as long as others will challenge America's security and test the dearness of our beliefs with fire and steel, then we must stand or see the promise of two centuries tremble. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | That action has strengthened the domestic steel industry. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Once we reduce the deficit and put the steel back into our competitive edge, the world echoed with the sound of falling trade barriers. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Steel" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 82.58% of the time. "Steel" is used about 3,039 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 82.58% | 2,509 | 3,612 |
| Noun (proper) | 10.85% | 330 | 15,812 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 6.34% | 193 | 22,089 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.23% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Total | 100.00% | 3,039 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "steel" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Steel | Last name | 3,000 | 4,484 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Australia | Smorgon Steel Group Ltd | Canada | Algoma Steel Incorporated |
| China | Angang New Steel Co. Ltd. | Egypt | Alexandria National Iron and Steel Company (ANSDK) |
| India | Essar Steel Limited | Indonesia | Jaya Pari Steel Corp. Ltd. Tbk. Pt. |
| Japan | Aichi Steel Corporation | Malaysia | Amalgamated Industrial Steel Berhad |
| New Zealand | Steel & Tube Holdings Limited | Pakistan | Crescent Steel and Allied Products Limited |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "steel": 3. killed steel ♦ a grip of steel ♦ a heart of steel ♦ abnormal steel ♦ acid Bessemer steel ♦ Alloy steel ♦ aluminum steel ♦ angle steel ♦ armored concrete steel ♦ as true as steel ♦ austenitic manganese steel ♦ austenitic steel ♦ balanced steel ♦ bar steel ♦ basic Bessemer steel ♦ basic converter steel ♦ basic steel ♦ Bessemer steel ♦ Blister steel ♦ blistered steel ♦ Bronze steel ♦ capped steel ♦ carbon steel ♦ cased steel frame ♦ cast steel ♦ Cement steel ♦ chisel steel ♦ chrome steel ♦ chromium steel ♦ circumferential steel ♦ clad in steel ♦ cold steel ♦ cooler plated steel ♦ corrosion resisting cast steel ♦ Cromium steel ♦ crucible cast steel ♦ Crucible steel ♦ crude steel equivalent ♦ crude steel production ♦ crude steel unit ♦ crude steel weight ♦ Damascus steel ♦ damask steel ♦ Decarbonized steel ♦ drill steel ♦ effervescing steel ♦ European Coal and Steel Community ♦ eutectoid steel ♦ fight with cold steel ♦ Finger steel ♦ fire steel ♦ flat steel ♦ flint and steel ♦ forged steel ♦ German steel ♦ Granulated steel ♦ hard as steel ♦ hard steel ♦ harder than steel ♦ High steel ♦ India steel ♦ ingot of steel ♦ ingot steel ♦ iron and steel industry ♦ iron and steel works ♦ killed steel ♦ laminated steel ♦ Low steel ♦ manganese steel ♦ medium steel ♦ merchant steel ♦ mild steel ♦ mild steel bar ♦ molybdenum steel ♦ native steel ♦ natural steel ♦ nickel steel ♦ of steel ♦ open hearth steel ♦ ordinary steel ♦ phosphorus steel ♦ pick and steel ♦ puddled steel ♦ quenched steel ♦ raw steel ♦ rimmed steel ♦ rimming steel ♦ rising steel ♦ rolled steel ♦ run steel ♦ rustless steel ♦ shear steel ♦ sheet steel ♦ shot peening with steel shots ♦ silver steel ♦ soft steel ♦ solid steel ♦ spring of steel ♦ spring steel ♦ stainless steel ♦ stainless steel sheet. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "steel": steel-against-steel, steel-and-glass, steel-and-plexiglass, steel-and-soot, steel-arched, steel-band, steel-bands, steel-based, steel-billet, steel-black, steel-blue, steel-bodied, steel-built, steel-caped, steel-capped, steel-casting, steel-castings, steel-clad, steel-closure, steel-cutter, steel-designed, steel-eyed, steel-faced, steel-fanged, steel-fingered, steel-foundry, steel-frame, steel-framed, steel-furnaced, steel-gray, steel-grey, steel-hard, steel-headed, steel-hulled, steel-jacketed, steel-jawed, steel-legged, steel-lined, Steel-maitland, Steel-maker, steel-making, steel-mesh, steel-mill, steel-nerved, steel-nibbed, steel-nickel, steel-on-steel, steel-on-stone, steel-panelled, steel-plated, steel-pointed, steel-producing, steel-prowed, steel-reinforced, steel-rimmed, steel-rolling mill, steel-rope, steel-runners, steel-scale, steel-shafted, steel-sharp, steel-shattering, steel-shod, steel-shuttered, steel-spiked, steel-sprung, steel-stemmed, steel-string, steel-strong, steel-strung, steel-tape, steel-tipped, steel-toed, steel-toothed, steel-tough, steel-trap, steel-tube, steel-wire, steel-wool pad, steel-work, steel-worker, steel-workers, steel-yard. | |
Ending with "steel": Coal-steel, lap-steel, stainless-steel. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
steel building | 2,529 | steel house | 227 |
steel | 1,645 | guitar steel string | 226 |
stainless steel | 1,084 | stainless steel cookware | 215 |
steel home | 519 | steel door | 209 |
danielle steel | 519 | steel magnolias | 197 |
krystal steel | 361 | steel guitar | 192 |
stainless steel sink | 354 | stainless steel wire | 190 |
cold steel | 341 | stainless steel gas grill | 190 |
shoes steel toe | 310 | us steel | 189 |
stainless steel grill | 306 | steel garage | 188 |
steel drum | 296 | stainless steel caster | 182 |
steel horse | 295 | cold steel knife | 181 |
dragon steel | 293 | ak steel | 177 |
steel battalion | 273 | bethlehem steel | 176 |
steel pipe | 273 | stainless steel refrigerator | 168 |
steel tubing | 266 | steel angel kurumi | 166 |
steel roofing | 253 | steel siding | 163 |
steel toe boot | 249 | slater steel | 162 |
steel pulse | 233 | steel horse automotive | 160 |
stainless steel tubing | 228 | buns of steel | 156 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "steel"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | staal. (various references) | |
Albanian | shigjetë (arrow, dart, hand, index, indicator, missile, needle, pointer, shaft, spire, steeple), prej çeliku, çelik. (various references) | |
Arabic | فولاذي (steely), كسا بالفولاذ, الفولاذ, الصلب, شىء مصنوع من فلاذ. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | стоманен, стомана (adamant, iron), калявам (anneal, attemper, enure, inure, season), закалявам (anneal, case harden, draw, harden, quench, season, set up, toughen), покривам със стомана. (various references) | |
Chinese | 鋼鐵 , 鋼 , 钢 (Iron, Irons). (various references) | |
Czech | zocelit, zatvrdit (harden, indurate), ocelový (steely), ocel (wrought alloy, wrought steel). (various references) | |
Danish | stål. (various references) | |
Dutch | staal (sample, specimen). (various references) | |
Esperanto | barto (busk), ŝtalo. (various references) | |
Faeroese | stál. (various references) | |
Farsi | فولاد, پولادین (Steely), پولادی کردن , پولادی (Steely), پولاد, محکم (Buff, Firm, Meaty, Secure, Stable, Steady, Stout, Strict, Strong, Sturdy, Substantial, Tenacious, Tight, Tough), مانندفولادمحکم کردن , استوار (Consistent, Constant, Firm, Immovable, Secure, Sound, Stable, Steadfast, Steady, Sure, Tenacious), اب فولاددادن , شمشیر (Blade, Spit, Spurtle, Sword). (various references) | |
Finnish | teräs (steels). (various references) | |
French | acier. (various references) | |
Frisian | stiel. (various references) | |
German | Stahl (blade, purloined, rustled, stole, thieved), wetzstahl (sharpener, sharpening steel). (various references) | |
Greek | χάλυβας, ατσάλι. (various references) | |
Hebrew | פלדה, פלד (flame), חרב (arid, cold steel, desolate, destroyed, knife, parched, ruined, sword, waste). (various references) | |
Hungarian | acél. (various references) | |
Icelandic | stál. (various references) | |
Indonesian | baja (armor). (various references) | |
Italian | acciaio (rustled, stole, sword, thieved), osso di balena (baleen, busk, whalebone). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 鋼鉄 , 鋼鉄 , 鋼 , 鋼 , スタンプ販売 (robot, stamp trading, steal, steam, steam bath, steam engine, steam hammer, steam heater, steam iron, steam turbine, steel collar worker, steel file, steel guitar, steel nail file, steel radial, steel sash, still). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | こうてつ (armor, armor plate, change, exchanging places, reshuffle, shake-up), スチール (steal, still), はがね. (various references) | |
Korean | 강철. (various references) | |
Manx | staillinagh (steel-maker), staillin foyragh, cur beeal staillinagh er. (various references) | |
Mohawk | yorihstahniron. (various references) | |
Norwegian | stål. (various references) | |
Papiamen | stal (bench, easel, tressle, workbench). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eelstay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | aço. (various references) | |
Romanian | sabie (brand, broadsword, falchion, scimitar, sword), oţeli (harden, reinforce, strengthen, temper), oţel, fier (chains, head, iron, shackles, sword), cãli (anneal, attemper, caseharden, chill, harden, indurate, strengthen, temper), arma (arm, commission, man, reinforce, sheathe), amnar, întãri (bind, bond, brace, bracket, confirm, consolidate, corroborate, enforce, entrench, fix, fortify, harden, indurate, invigorate, nerve, recruit, reinforce, screw, season, stay, steady, stiffen, strengthen, stress, tone up), înrãi (embitter), înãspri (aggravate, embitter, harden, roughen, sharpen, worsen). (various references) | |
Romansch | atschal. (various references) | |
Romany | absìn. (various references) | |
Russian | стальной (steel gray, steely), сталь стальной, сталь, закалять (anneal, case harden, harden, toughen). (various references) | |
Scottish | stàilinn (nf.ind. steel), cruaidh (difficult, hard, severe). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | prekaliti (anneal, inure, toughen), očeličiti (temper), neosetljiv (cold-livered, impassible, impassive, imperceptible, insensate, insensible, insensitive, insusceptible, senseless, stolid, stony, tearless, unfeeling, unsusceptible), čelik, čeličiti, čeličan (steely). (various references) | |
Spanish | acero (brand, iron), chaira, ballena (baleen, bone, busk, whale, whalebone). (various references) | |
Swedish | stål (steels). (various references) | |
Thai | เหล็ก. (various references) | |
Turkish | sertleştirmek (anneal, cure, harden, indurate, sharpen, size, solidify, stiffen, temper, toughen), katı (callous, emphatic, emphatical, firm, fold, hard, hard and fast, hard boiled, hard line, insensitive, ironclad, rigid, sclerous, solid, Square, steely, stern, stiff, strict), güçlendirmek (beef up, brace, cement, enforce, enrich, exalt, make strong, reinforce, soup up, strengthen, support to, tone up, vivify), duygusuz (apathetic, apathetical, as cold as charity, bloodless, blunt, callous, coldhearted, conscience-proof, devoid of feelings, dull, frigid, hard-hearted, impassible, insensate, insensitive, marble, matter of fact, numb, obtuse, phlegmatic, phlegmatical, senseless, soulless, stolid, stony, unemotional, unfeeling, unmoved), çeliklemek, çelik korse şeridi, çelik gibi yapmak, çelik gibi (steely, very strong), çelik eşya, çelik (cutting, scion, steely). (various references) | |
Turkmen | polat. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | сталь, сталевий предмет, точило (grinder, grindstone, sharpener), кресало. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự khắc trên thép (steel-engraving), thép lò điện (electric steel), thép làm kéo (shear steel), thép làm dao (shear steel), thép không gỉ (stainless steel), mặc áo giáp (steel-clad), màu xanh thép (steel-blue), không lay chuyển được (inexorable, steel-hearted, unshakable), bọc thép (steel-plated). (various references) | |
Welsh | dur. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | adamantem, adamas, chalybs. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | 2 Samuel Chapter 22, Verse 35 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Didaskwn ceiraV mou eiV polemon kai kataxaV toxon calkoun en bracioni mou |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Docens manus meas ad proelium et conponens quasi arcum aereum brachia mea |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Techynge myn hoondis to bateil, and settynge togider as a brasen boow myn armys. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by my arms. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | He makes my hands expert in war, so that a bow of brass is bent by my arms. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | 2 Samuel Chapter 22, Verse 35 |
| Cebuano | Siya nagatudlo sa akong mga kamot sa paggubat, Aron ang akong mga bukton makabawog sa usa ka tumbagang pana. |
| Croatian | ruke mi za borbu uvježba i mišice da luk mjedeni napinju. |
| Danish | oplærte min Hånd til Krig, så mine Arme spændte Kobberbuen? |
| Dutch | Hij leert mijn handen ten strijde, zodat een stalen boog met mijn armen verbroken is. |
| Finnish | joka opettaa minun käteni sotimaan ja käsivarteni vaskijousta jännittämään. |
| French | Il exerce mes mains au combat, Et mes bras tendent l`arc d`airain. |
| German | Er lehrt meine Hände streiten und lehrt meinen Arm den ehernen Bogen spannen. |
| Hungarian | Kezeimet harczra tanítja, &Hogy az érczív karjaim által törik el. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Ia melatih aku untuk berperang, sehingga aku dapat merentangkan busur yang paling kuat. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Diajarkan-Nya tanganku berperang, sehingga lenganku dapat mengedangkan busur besi kersani. |
| Italian | Ha addestrato la mia mano alla guerra; ha posto un arco di bronzo nelle mie braccia. |
| Maori | Ko ia hei whakaako i oku ringa ki te whawhai; hei mea i oku ringa kia whakapiko i te kopere parahi. |
| Norwegian | Han oplærer mine hender til krig, så mine armer spenner kobberbuen. |
| Portuguese | Ele instrui as minhas mãos para a peleja, de modo que os meus braços podem entesar um arco de bronze. |
| Rumanian | Kmi deprinde mknile la luptq, wi brayele mele kntind arcul de aramq. |
| Russian | ОБХЮБЕФ ТХЛЙ НПЙ ВТБОЙ Й НЩЫГЩ НПЙ ОБРТСЗБЕФ, ЛБЛ НЕДОЩК МХЛ. |
| Spanish | Adiestra mis manos para la batalla; así mis brazos pueden tensar el arco de bronce. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "steel": steeled, steelhead, steelheads, steelie, steelier, steelies, steeliest, steeliness, steelinesses, steeling, steelmaker, steelmakers, steelmaking, steelmakings, steels, steelwork, steelworker, steelworkers, steelworks, steely, steelyard, steelyards. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "steel": unsteel. (additional references) | |
Words containing "steel": unsteeled, unsteeling, unsteels. (additional references) | |
| |
"Steel" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Esterel, etsel, ostel, satefl, Satelo, sdel, Seeli, Sefel, sitel, smeel, speel, sqeel, staal, stafel, stahl, Steall, Stee, steef, steeg, steelo, steil, stel, stelen, Stell, stepel, sterl, stevel, steze, stiel, stoel, styl, Stylo, stylx, sweel, tsee, tseef. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "steel" (pronounced stē"l) |
| 4 | s t ē" l | steal. |
| 3 | -t ē" l | genteel, teal, teel. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: leets, sleet, stele, teels, teles. | |
| Words within the letters "e-e-l-s-t" | |
-1 letter: eels, else, lees, leet, lest, lets, seel, teel, tees, tele, tels. | |
-2 letters: eel, els, lee, let, see, sel, set, tee, tel. | |
-3 letters: el, es, et. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-e-l-s-t" | |
+1 letter: betels, elates, eldest, elects, elites, elutes, fleets, gleets, lethes, listee, nestle, pestle, relets, select, settle, sleets, sleety, steels, steely, stelae, steles, streel, svelte, teasel. | |
+2 letters: beetles, belters, bethels, boletes, celesta, celeste, delates, deletes, eaglets, eeliest, elaters, elegist, elegits, elmiest, eluates, eluents, epistle, etoiles, eustele, evilest, eyelets, fellest, felsite, fettles, gelates, gentles, helmets, kelters, kestrel, kettles, lateens, latexes, leanest, leftest, lefties, legates, leister, letches, letters, lewdest, liefest, lievest, lisente, listees, melters, mettles, nestled, nestler, nestles, netless, nettles, oleates, omelets, pelites, pellets, pelmets, pelters, pestled, pestles, petrels, pettles, realest, reflets, reglets, relates, relents, remelts, reslate, resmelt, respelt, restyle, retells, retiles, sectile, segetal, selects, seltzer, setline, settled, settler, settles, sextile, shelter, sheltie, shtetel, skelter, sleekit, sleeted, smelted, smelter, soleret, spelter, stealer, steeled, steelie, steeple, steeply, stelene, sterile, sterlet, streels, svelter, sweetly, swelter, teasels, teazels, teazles, teledus, telegas, teleost, teleses, telesis, telexes, telfers, tellers, tellies, telnets, telomes, teloses, temples, tensely, tensile, tercels, tersely, tieless, toeless, trebles, tressel, trestle, twelves, unsteel, velites, velvets, welters, wrestle. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Frequency 18. Names: Company Usage 19. Expressions 20. Expressions: Internet | 21. Translations: Modern 22. Translations: Ancient 23. Bible Trace 24. Abbreviations | 25. Acronyms 26. Derivations 27. Rhymes 28. Anagrams | 29. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
