Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Specialization |
SpecializationNoun1. The act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose. 2. The special line of work you have adopted as your career; "his specialization is gastroenterology". 3. The structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function; "cell differentiation in the developing embryo". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "specialization" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1895. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Contracting the domain and range of an existing concept, e. g. by adding new conditions. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In logic, specialisation occurs when you take a statement such as:
Generalization is the opposite of specialisation
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Specialization is the separation of tasks within a system. In a multicellular creature, cells are specialized for functions such as bone construction or oxygen transport. In capitalist societies, individual workers specialize for functions such as building construction or gasoline transport. In both cases, specialization enables the accomplishment of otherwise unatainable goals. It also reduces the ability of individuals to survive outside of the system containing all of the specialized components.
Adam Smith described economic specialization in his classic work, The Wealth of Nations.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Specialization."
Synonyms: SpecializationSynonyms: differentiation (n), specialisation (n), specialism (n), speciality (n), specialty (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Specialization |
| English words defined with "specialization": dedifferentiated, dedifferentiation, differentiated ♦ minor ♦ specialisation, specialised, specialism, speciality, specialized, specialty. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "specialization": Agricultural diversification, AREA ENGINEER ♦ Cell Differentiation, CHEMICAL ENGINEER, CHIEF CLERK, PRINT SHOP ♦ DESIGN ENGINEER, FACILITIES, DIRECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICE ♦ EGG BREAKER ♦ INSTALLATION ENGINEER, INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEER ♦ manager, public service ♦ primary care nurse practitione ♦ SPECIFICATION WRITER ♦ Terms of trade. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | Specialization is for insects. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Understanding the signals that control cell specialization in development may be critical for learning how to help them repair damaged spinal cords. (references) | |
Developmental studies of cell specialization, axon growth and pathfinding, and synapse formation are leading to promising new avenues for improving on these combination approaches. (references) | ||
Another reason studies of cell specialization may be relevant to spinal cord injury is that the molecules involved in this developmental process may have other important functions in the adult. (references) | ||
Business | Two major factors are responsible for this specialization. (references) | |
The trip includes specialization and English Language courses. (references) | ||
Gaps may signal areas of specialization, market focus, or expertise. (references) | ||
Economic History | Switzerland | A tendency toward specialization in food distribution has been particularly noticeable. (references) |
Syria | Born in 1931. Graduate of Damascus Law School 1960. Practicing since 1960. No specialization. (references) | |
Syria | Born in Damascus 1936. Graduate of Damascus Law School 1965. Practicing since 1965. No specialization. (references) | |
Human Rights | Lithuania | The Ministry of Justice continued to move towards a system of specialization of judges in district and local courts according to the types of cases. (references) |
Belgium | The judicial system is organized according to specialization and territorial jurisdiction, with 5 territorial levels: Canton (225), district (27), provinces and Brussels (11), courts of appeal (5), and the Cour de Cassation, which is the highest appeals court. (references) | |
Trade | Costa Rica | Proposals to improve the performance of the banking sector include the sale of some of the state banks and the specialization of the others. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Specialization" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Specialization" is used about 318 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 318 | 16,181 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "specialization": universal specialization. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "specialization": over-specialization. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "specialization"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | specializim. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تخصيص (allotment, apportionment, destination, specification), تخصص (expertise, master, specialty), إختصاص (competence, purview). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | специализация (specialism), специализиране, насочване (homing, orientation, steering). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | "业化 (specialisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | specializace (subject), obor (department, discipline, field, line, province, sphere, subject). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | specialisering (specialisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | specialisatie (specialisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | erikoistuminen (specialisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | spécialisation (specializing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Spezialisierung (specialisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | ειδίκευση (specialism). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מומחיות (competence, expertise, expertness, mastery, skill, speciality, specialty), "תמקצעות, "תמחות (apprenticeship, articles of law, expertise, skilfulness, speciality). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | szakosodás, specializálódás (specialism), részletezés (detail, item, itemization, specification). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | specializzazione (major, specialisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 特化 , 専門化 , 専修 , 分化 , 分業 (assembly-line production, division of labor). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ぶ"ぎょう (assembly-line production, division of labor), ぶ"か (branch, civilization, course, culture, department, literary course, school, section, subdivision, the arts), せ"しゅう (compiling, editing, last week, many years, selection, the kick-off, the week before, thousand years, writing), せ"も"か (specialist), とっか (bargain price, moral influence, special price). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 문" (specialisation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | sur-oaylleeaght. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ecializationspay especialização (specialism, speciality, specialty). (various references) specializare. (various references) специализация (specialism). (various references) specijalizacija, usavršavanje (perfecting). (various references) especialización (expertise). (various references) specialisering (specialism, specializing). (various references) uzmanlaşma, ihtisas (expert, expertise, speciality). (various references) спеціалізація (differentiation, specialism, speciality, specialty). (various references) sự chuyên môn hoá. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "specialization": specializations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "specialization": overspecialization, superspecialization. (additional references) | |
Words containing "specialization": overspecializations, superspecializations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Specialization" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: especialization, spacialization, spatialization. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "specialization" (pronounced spe'shuluzā"shun) |
| 9 | -sh u l u z ā" sh u n | commercialization, socialization. |
| 8 | -u l u z ā" sh u n | cannibalization, capitalization, centralization, civilization, criminalization, decentralization, decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, demoralization, denationalization, destabilization, equalization, fertilization, generalization, globalization, hospitalization, industrialization, institutionalization, internationalization, legalization, liberalization, localization, marginalization, mineralization, mobilization, monopolization, nationalization, naturalization, neutralization, normalization, personalization, radicalization, rationalization, recapitalization, renationalization, revitalization, stabilization, sterilization, utilization, visualization. |
| 7 | -l u z ā" sh u n | realization. |
| 6 | -u z ā" sh u n | accusation, alphabetization, amortization, authorization, balkanization, categorization, characterization, collectivization, colonization, colorization, communization, computerization, dehumanization, demilitarization, democratization, demonization, denuclearization, desalinization, disorganization, dramatization, harmonization, hybridization, immunization, improvisation, ionization, magnetization, maximization, mechanization, miniaturization, mischaracterization, modernization, optimization, organisation, organization, pasteurization, polarization, politicization, popularization, pressurization, privatization, reauthorization, reorganization, securitization, standardization, subsidization, suburbanization, unionization, urbanization, vaporization, victimization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 5 | -z ā" sh u n | causation, demobilization. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, automation, aviation, avocation, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, capitulation, carnation, castration, celebration, certification, cessation, cetacean, citation, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, coloration, combination, commemoration, commendation, communication, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehydration, deification, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demodulation, demonstration, denomination, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, hesitation, hibernation, humiliation, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legislation, levitation, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, location, lubrication, machination, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, masturbation, maturation, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, moderation, modification, modulation, molestation, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, navigation, negation, negotiation, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, oration, orchestration, ordination, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, pollination, pontification, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, privation, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, ramification, ratification, reaffirmation, reallocation, recalculation, recantation, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, solicitation, sophistication, specification, speculation, stagflation, stagnation, starvation, station, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, substantiation, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, usurpation, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, vocation. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-c-e-i-i-i-l-n-o-p-s-t-z" | |
-2 letters: laicizations, speciational. | |
-3 letters: capitalizes, italianizes, laicization, politicians, politicizes. | |
-4 letters: analeptics, antipolice, antisocial, capitalise, capitalize, ciliations, epilations, escalation, italianise, italianize, italicizes, neoplastic, placations, plasticine, plasticize, platinizes, pleonastic, plications, politician, politicise, politicize, sincipital, speciation. | |
-5 letters: alopecias, analcites, analeptic, analities, anapestic, anelastic, anilities, antipoles, canalizes, caponizes, caseation, ciliation, cisalpine, cisplatin, coastline, conepatls, epilation, epsilonic, inelastic, italicise, italicize. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-c-e-i-i-i-l-n-o-p-s-t-z" | |
+1 letter: specializations. | |
+3 letters: recapitalizations. | |
+4 letters: overspecialization. | |
+5 letters: overcapitalizations, overspecializations, superspecialization. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Quotations: Fiction 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Derivations | 13. Rhymes 14. Anagrams 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
