Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Sophistication |
SophisticationNoun1. Uplifting enlightenment. 2. The quality or character of being intellectually sophisticated through cultivation or experience or disillusionment. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "sophistication" was first used: sometime around 1400. (references) |
Etymology: Sophistication \So*phis`ti*ca"tion\, noun. [Compare to Late Latin sophisticatio, French sophistication.]. (Websters 1913) |
Synonyms: SophisticationSynonyms: edification (n), worldliness (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: naivete (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Mixture | Impregnation; infusion, diffusion suffusion, transfusion; infiltration; seasoning, sprinkling, interlarding; interpolation; adulteration, sophistication. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Sophistication |
| English words defined with "sophistication": ingenuous, innocent ♦ naive, naiveness, naivete, naivety ♦ politic, provincialism ♦ smooth, suave ♦ unsophisticated. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "sophistication": open ended. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Sophistication" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (adulteration, sophistication). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | My mum, a strange creature from the time when pickles on toothpicks were still the height of sophistication. (Bridget Jones's Diary; writing credit: Helen Fielding) We're looking for people who can contribute to what England has given the world: culture, genius, sophistication. Bit more than an 'ot dog, know what I mean? (The Long Good Friday; writing credit: Barrie Keeffe) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Norman Mailer | Hip is the sophistication of the wise primitive in a giant jungle. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | They will also increase as this growing market demands more variety and sophistication. (references) | |
They prefer American biotech testing instruments for their reliability, quality and technical sophistication. (references) | ||
Because of their relative sophistication, Kuwaitis are very aware of the educational opportunities available overseas. (references) | ||
Economic History | Italy | Advertising in Italy has grown rapidly in volume, importance, and sophistication. (references) |
Nicaragua | Sales and marketing techniques in Nicaragua have been increasing in sophistication. (references) | |
Laos | U.S. PRODUCTS GENERALLY ENJOY A REPUTATION FOR TECHNOLOGICAL SOPHISTICATION AND HIGH QUALITY AMONG LAO. (references) | |
Human Rights | Djibouti | The latter receive assistance from two persons, lay assessors, who are not members of the bench, but who are thought to possess sufficient legal sophistication to comprehend court proceedings. (references) |
Trade | Turkey | However, the sector plays less of a financial intermediary role than one would expect in an economy of Turkey's size and sophistication. (references) |
Australia | The Project By-Law Scheme (PBS) allows eligible capital equipment for major resource, agriculture and infrastructure projects to be imported free of import duty, in the absence of Australian-produced equipment of similar technological sophistication. (references) | |
Travel | Colombia | In spite of the negative perceptions reflected through the often distorted prism of international news reporting about Colombia's security problems, first-time business visitors are usually pleasantly surprised at the high level of development and sophistication of the Colombian private sector. (references) |
Thailand | Eating is an important part of the Thai group-oriented culture . Thai food has become internationally popular because of its sophistication and variety . The staples of this cuisine include rice, noodles, vegetables, meats, fish, spices and chilies . Thai food can be enjoyed in a wide variety of venues, from street-side kiosks to elegant world-class restaurants . In addition, all other international cuisines are available in the major cities and resort areas ranging from European fine dining, to other Oriental and ethnic restaurants, to American fast food . (references) | |
Worker Rights | Mexico | Unionization and wage levels in the in-bond export sector varied by area and sophistication of the manufacturing process. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Sophistication" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Sophistication" is used about 523 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 523 | 11,665 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "sophistication": non-sophistication, pseudo-sophistication, sado-sophistication. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
sophistication | 21 |
crime sophistication | 2 |
anderson sherwood sophistication | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "sophistication"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | stërhollim (luxuriance, quibble), sofostikim, ndërlikim (complexity, complication, implication, involution). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | حزلقة, تمرس, تحريف نص عن موضعه, تطور علمي وتكنولوجي, الغش (debasement), التكلف (affectation), أناقة (chic, daintiness, deftness, elegance, fineness, finery, neatness, richness, smartness, sport, style, stylishness, suavity), ثقافة رفيعة. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | усъвършенствуваност, прекалена изисканост, изтънченост (courtliness, daintiness, delicacy, discrimination, nicety, polish, politeness, refinement, subtlety, urbanity). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 老于世故. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | sofistikovanost, vybranost, rafinovanost (artifice, cunning, refinement, smartness), nároènost (ambitiousness, seriousness, severity), kulturnost, kultivovanost (graciousness, politeness), elegance (elegance, euphuism, graciousness, neatness, smartness, style). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | مهارت (Address, Artifice, Craft, Gripe, Ingenuity, Knack, Proficiency, Skill, Tact, Versatility, Workmanship), کمال (Accomplishment, Amplitude, Integrity, Maturity, Perfection, Period, Prime), تحریف (Anagram, Distortion, Garble), سفسطه (Idol, Sophism, Sophistry), اغوا (Instigation, Seducement, Temptation), دلفریبی . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | sophistication, raffinement, perfectionnement, élégance. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Erfahrenheit (adeptness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | πείρα του κόσμου, πονήρευση, επιτήδευση (affectation, mannerism, priggery, priggishness, primness, prissiness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | תחכום. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | kifinomultság (refinement), álnokoskodás. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | sottigliezza (fineness, quibble, refinement, slenderness, thinness), raffinatezza (daintiness, gentility, polish, politeness, refinement), complessit (complexity). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 人"れ . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ひとずれ. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 세 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ophisticationsay sofisticação (sophistry), refinamento (niceness), falsificação (bogus, counterfeit, dud, fake, falsification, forgery, mock, phoney, phony, salting, sham, substitute), emprego de sofismas, artificialismo, adulteração (falsification). (various references) sofisticãrie (sophistry), sofisticã (sophistry), rafinament (accomplishments, courtliness, daintiness, gentility, refinement, subtlety), pervertire (perverting), denaturare (corruption, distortion, misrepresentation, perversion, warp). (various references) софистика (chicanery, sophistry, word-splitting), искушенность, изощренность (preciosity). (various references) prefinjenost (daintiness). (various references) sofisticación. (various references) sofistik, raffinemang (refinement, subtlety). (various references) yapmacıklık (artificiality, cant, insincerity, mannerism, preciosity, stiltedness), pişkinlik (assurance, assuredness, ripeness, shiftiness, worldly wisdom), kapsamlılık, kaşarlık, kültürlülük, ince davranış, ilerilik, entellektüellik (intellectuality), düşüncelilik (rashness, thoughtfulness), bilmişlik (sapience), çok yönlülük (versatility). (various references) фальсифікація (adulteration, falsification), витонченість (daintiness, delicacy, elegance, exquisiteness, nicety, preciosity, refinement, smart, stylishness, subtlety), досвідченість (conversance, experience, proficiency). (various references) sự nguỵ biện sự l m th nh rắc rối, sự l m th nh tinh vi những thích thú phức tạp sự l m giả. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | sophistikos. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | sophisticus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "sophistication": sophistications. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "sophistication": pseudosophistication, unsophistication. (additional references) | |
Words containing "sophistication": pseudosophistications, unsophistications. (additional references) | |
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"Sophistication" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: sophisticatio. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "sophistication" (pronounced sufi'stikā"shun) |
| 6 | -i k ā" sh u n | abdication, clarification, detoxication, detoxification, electrification, fabrication, gentrification, glorification, indemnification, justification, lubrication, misidentification, mummification, publication, simplification, specification, syndication, telecommunication. |
| 5 | -k ā" sh u n | acidification, adjudication, advocation, allocation, altercation, amplification, application, authentication, avocation, bifurcation, certification, classification, codification, communication, complication, confiscation, convocation, decertification, dedication, deification, demarcation, desiccation, disembarkation, dislocation, disqualification, diversification, domestication, duplication, echolocation, edification, education, embarkation, equivocation, eradication, evocation, excommunication, explication, falsification, fortification, gasification, gratification, identification, implication, indication, intensification, intoxication, invocation, location, magnification, medication, misallocation, misapplication, miscommunication, modification, multiplication, notification, nullification, obfuscation, ossification, pacification, personification, pontification, prefabrication, prognostication, provocation, purification, qualification, quantification, ramification, ratification, reallocation, recertification, reclassification, rectification, rededication, relocation, replication, reunification, revocation, sanctification, saponification, suffocation, unification, vacation, verification, vilification, vindication, vocation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, activation, adaptation, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alphabetization, alteration, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authorization, automation, aviation, balkanization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, coagulation, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communization, compensation, compilation, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, divination, documentation, domination, donation, dramatization, duration, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, facilitation, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gastrulation, generalization, generation, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, gradation, graduation, granulation, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indentation, indexation, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, machination, magnetization, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscreation, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, nucleation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, punctuation, quotation, radiation, radicalization, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recitation, reclamation, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, recuperation, redecoration, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanitation, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, specialization, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, summation, superstation, tabulation, taxation, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, vibration, victimization, violation, visitation, visualization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-h-i-i-i-n-o-o-p-s-s-t-t" | |
-4 letters: pistachios, sociopaths. | |
-5 letters: chitosans, citations, isostatic, opticians, opticists, ostinatos, photonics, pianistic, pistachio, positions, potations, saintship, scotopias, sincipita, sociopath, sophistic, spittoons, stictions, tithonias. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-h-i-i-i-n-o-o-p-s-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: sophistications. | |
+2 letters: unsophistication. | |
+3 letters: photodissociating, photodissociation, unsophistications. | |
+4 letters: photodissociations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)53 6F 70 68 69 73 74 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)... --- .--. .... .. ... - .. -.-. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010011 01101111 01110000 01101000 01101001 01110011 01110100 01101001 01100011 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)S o p h i s t i c a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0053 006F 0070 0068 0069 0073 0074 0069 0063 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)5381827475858675696786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Familiar 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Translations: Ancient | 13. Derivations 14. Rhymes 15. Anagrams 16. Orthography | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
