Solvation

Solvation is the attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. As ions dissolve in a polar solvent they spread out and become surrounded by solvent molecules. The smaller the ion, the more solvent molecules are able to surround it and the more it becomes hydrated. Similarly, the higher the charge on the ion the more solvent molecules it attracts. Solvent molecules have the effect of pulling apart the electron clouds that surround an ion's nucleus, and the higher the charge and the smaller the ion (these factors combined are known as charge density) then the larger an ion becomes when dissolved.

For solvation to occur, energy is required to release individual ions from the ionic lattices they are present in. This is necessary to break the attractions the ions have with each other and is equal to the solid's lattice enthalpy (the energy released at the formation of the lattice as the ions bonded with each other.) The energy for this comes from the energy released when ions of the lattice associate with molecules of the solvent. Energy released in this form is called the enthalpy of solvation (or with water as the solvent, the enthalpy of hydration.) Again, the amount of energy released depends on the degree of attraction and the number of solvent molecules the ion associates with, and thus increases with charge density.

Enthalpy of solvation can help explain why solvation occurs with some ionic lattices but not with others. The difference in energy between that which is necessary to release an ion from its lattice and the energy given off when it combines with a solvent molecule is called the enthalpy change of solution. A negative value for the enthalpy change of solution corresponds to an ion that is likely to dissolve, whereas a high positive value means that solvation will not occur. It is possible that an ion will dissolve even if it has a positive enthalpy value. The extra energy required comes from the increase in entropy that results when the ion dissolves. The introduction of entropy makes it harder to determine by calculation alone whether a substance will dissolve or not.

Commercial Usage: Solvation

Domain	Title
Books	Clusters of Atoms and Molecules II: Solvation and Chemistry of Free Clusters, and Embedded, Supported and Compressed Clusters (Springer Series in Ch) (reference) Determination of liquid water structure, coordination numbers for ions, and solvation for biological molecules (reference) Ion Solvation (reference) Ionic Solvation (Ellis Horwood Series in Inorganic Chemistry) (reference) Solvation, ionic, and complex formation reactions in non-aqueous solvents : experimental methods for their investigation (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Usage Frequency: Solvation

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Solvation

Modern Translation: Solvation

Language		Translations for "solvation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Chinese		溶剂化. (various references)

Danish		opløsning (abandonment, break-up, decomposition, dissolution, neglect, resolution, resolving power, split-up). (various references)

Dutch		solvatie, solvatatie. (various references)

Finnish		solvaatio. (various references)

French		solvation. (various references)

German		Solvatation. (various references)

Greek		διάλυση ρητίνης. (various references)

Hungarian		szolvatáció, szolvátképződés. (various references)

Italian		solvatazione. (various references)

Korean		용매�". (various references)

Pig Latin		olvationsay

Portuguese		dissolução (dissoluteness, solution). (various references)

Spanish		disolución (breakup, dilution, dissolution, looseness, melting). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Derivations: Solvation

Anagrams: Solvation

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-i-l-n-o-o-s-t-v"
	-1 letter: ovations, solation.
	-2 letters: latinos, lotions, ovation, soliton, talions.
	-3 letters: aloins, anvils, avions, instal, latino, lotion, lovats, saloon, santol, silvan, solano, solion, stolon, talion, talons, tolans, tonsil, vinals, violas, vitals, volant, volost.
	-4 letters: alist, aloin, altos, anils, antis, anvil, avion, aviso, iotas, linos, lints, lions, litas, loans, loins, loons, loots, lotas, lotos, lovat, nails, nival.
	Words containing the letters "a-i-l-n-o-o-s-t-v"
	+1 letter: ovulations, solvations, violations.
	+2 letters: bloviations, devotionals.
	+3 letters: vacuolations, vasodilation.
	+4 letters: controversial, flavoproteins, novelizations, observational, ovipositional, valorizations, vasodilations, vocalizations, vocationalism, vocationalist, volcanologist, vulcanologist.
	+5 letters: cocultivations, conservational, conservatorial, conversational, overinflations, overvaluations, superovulation, vasodilatation, vocationalisms, vocationalists, volcanologists, vulcanologists.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Alternative Orthography: Solvation

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

53 6F 6C 76 61 74 69 6F 6E

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

... --- .-.. ...- .- - .. --- -.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010011 01101111 01101100 01110110 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#83 &#111 &#108 &#118 &#97 &#116 &#105 &#111 &#110

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0053 006F 006C 0076 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Domain	Definition
Chemical Industry	The swelling, gelling or solution of a resin by a solvent or plasticizer. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	2	245,945

Solvation

Definition: Solvation

Solvation

Noun

Specialty Definition: Solvation

Chemical Industry

Specialty Definition: Solvation

Crosswords: Solvation

Commercial Usage: Solvation

Books

Usage Frequency: Solvation

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Solvation

solvation

Modern Translation: Solvation

Chinese

Danish

Dutch

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hungarian

Italian

Korean

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Spanish

Derivations: Solvation

Derivations

Anagrams: Solvation

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Alternative Orthography: Solvation

53 6F 6C 76 61 74 69 6F 6E

... --- .-.. ...- .- - .. --- -.

01010011 01101111 01101100 01110110 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110

&#83 &#111 &#108 &#118 &#97 &#116 &#105 &#111 &#110

0053 006F 006C 0076 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E

538178886786758180

INDEX

Expression	Frequency per Day
solvation	6
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "solvation": solvations. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).