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Definition: Social |
SocialAdjective1. Relating to human society and its members; "social institutions"; "societal evolution"; "societal forces"; "social legislation". 2. Living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups; "human beings are social animals"; "spent a relaxed social evening"; "immature social behavior". 3. Relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society; "made fun of her being so social and high-toned"; "a social gossip colum"; "the society page". 4. Composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability; "a purely social club"; "the church has a large social hall"; "a social director". 5. (of birds and animals) tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind; "ants are social insects"; "the herding instinct in sheep or cattle"; "swarming behavior in bees". 6. Marked by friendly companionship with others; "a social cup of coffee". Noun1. A party of people assembled to promote sociability and communal activity. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "social" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Social \So"cial\, adjective. [Latin expression socialis, from socius companion; akin to sequi to follow: compare to the French expression social. See Sue to follow.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Sociable, Social. "He is one of the most sociable men I have met. He is fond of society, and is very ready in conversation." Sociable means companionable; social applies to the relations of men in society; as social duties, social pleasures, social interests. Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The adjective "social" implies that the verb or noun to which it is applied is somehow more communicative, cooperative, and moderated by contact with human beings, than if it were omitted. That is, it implies that larger society has played some role in defining the idea or the principle. For instance terms like social realism, social justice, social constructivism, social psychology and social capital imply that there is some social process is involved or considered that is not there in regular, "non-social", realism, justice, constructivism, psychology, or capital.It is sometimes applied in right-wing politics as a pejorative, that is, to imply that the idea or concept is inferior for having undergone this social process, which might be seen to be compromising. As if to validate this perception, in left-wing politics the adjective "social" is often taken to mean, simply, "good". What is not social is thus defined to be "bad" or at least to be investigated carefully before being accepted as truth or worthy of trust.
For these reasons, those seeking to avoid association with the left-right political debates often seek to label their work with phrases that do not include the word "social". An example is quasi-empiricism in mathematics which is sometimes labelled social constructivism by those who see it as an unwarranted intrusion of social considerations in mathematical practice, which is supposed to be "objective" and "above" social concerns.
See also: racial, global, political, international, society
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Social capital "refers to the collective value of all "social networks" and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other." - Robert Putnam The term "capital" is used by analogy with other forms of economic capital.Social capital can be thought of as being positive or negative. Horizontal networks of individual citizens and groups that enhance community productivity and cohesion are said to be positive social capital assets whereas self-serving exclusive gangs and hierarchical patronage systems that operate at cross purposes to communitarian interests can be thought of as negative social capital burdens on society.
The concept of social capital in a Chinese social context has been closely linked with the concept of guanxi.
See also:
- Reed's law
- Pierre Bourdieu, who used social capital in a similar way
External links
- http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/scapital/
- http://www.cpn.org/sections/tools/models/social_capital.html
- http://www.lho.org.uk/meth/socap.htm
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social capital."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Social changes are any form of change seen in the society that has a significant meaning in history, economies and politics. Among them are revolutions and paradigm shift.Causes of social changes are studied on the field of sociology. Conflict theories contests that the seek of conflicting interests by individuals and groups ultimately create social changes. For example, industrial revolution can be explained by this.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social change."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A social class is a group of people that have similar social and economic status.
At various times the division of society into classes has had various levels of support in law. At one extreme we find old Indian classes - castes, which one could neither enter after birth, nor leave. (Though this applied only in relatively recent history.) On the other extreme there exist classes in modern Western societies which appear very fluid and have little support in law. When sociologistss speak of "class" they usually mean economically based classes in modern or near pre-modern society.
In Marxist terms a class is a group of people with a specific relationship to the means of production (social production). Marxists explain history in terms of a war of classes between those who control social production and those who produce social goods. In the Marxist view of capitalism this is a conflict between capitalists (bourgeoisie) and workers (proletariat).
Modern usage of the word "class" generally considers only the relative wealth of individuals or social groups, and not the ownership of the means of production.
The sociologist Max Weber formulated a three-component theory of stratification, with class, status and party (or politics) as conceptually distinct elements.
All three dimensions have consequences for what Weber called "life chances".
- Class is based on relationship to the market (owner, rentier, employee etc.)
- Status has to do with honour and prestige
- Party refers to factors having to do with affiliations in the political domain.
See also:
The concept of "caste" differs from that of "class", and refers to rigid status groupings, the membership of which is usually inherited. Particular caste groups include:
- proletariat, bourgeoisie, working class, middle class, intelligentsia
- politics, sociology
- Class warfare
For other meanings of the word class, see Class.
- the Burakumin of Japan
- the Dalits ("untouchables") of India
Further reading
- Consumer's Republic, Lizabeth Cohen, Knopf, 2003, hardcover, 576 pages, ISBN 0375407502 (An analysis of the working out of class in the United States)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social class."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Social history is an area of historical study considered by some to be a social science that attempts to view historical evidence from the point of view of developing social trends. In this view, it may include areas of economic history, legal history and the analysis of other aspects of civil society that show the evolution of social norms, behaviors and mores. It is distinguished from political history, military history and the so-called history of great white men. While proponents of history from below and the French annales school of historians have considered themselves part of social history, it is seen as a much broader movement among historians in the development of historiography. Unlike other approaches, it tries to see itself as a synthetic form of history not limited to the statement of so-called historical fact but willing to analyse historical data in a more systematic manner.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social history."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Social justice (civil justice) is a concept largely based in various social contract theories. Most variations on the concept hold that as governments are instituted among populations for the benefit of members of those populations, those governments which fail to see to the welfare of their citizens are failing to uphold their part in the social contract and are, therefore, unjust. The concept usually includes, but is not limited to, upholding human rights; many variants also contain some beliefs concerning more equitable distributions of wealth and resources.The term "social justice" is generally so phrased in order to distinguish the particular concept from concepts of justice in law—some of which, according to their critics, are decidedly unjust in a social sense—and from concepts of justice as embedded in systems of morality which may differ between cultures.
"Social Justice" is one of the Four Pillars of the Green Party upheld by the worldwide green parties. As stated by several local branches, this is the principle that all persons are entitled to "basic human needs", regardless of "superficial" differences such as economic disparity, class, gender, race, ethnicity, citizenship, religion, age, sexual orientation, disability, or health. This includes the eradication of poverty and illiteracy, the establishment of sound environmental policy, and equality of opportunity for healthy personal and social development.
External Link
http://www.europeangreens.org/info/globalgreencharter.html See also: criminal justiceSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social justice."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The experimental study of social behavior and psychological processes associated with social cognition, social behavior, and groups. One of the most famous experiments in social psychology was the Milgram experiment.Social Psychology bridges the gap between the sociological paradigm of symbolic interactionism and the study of psychology.
Some of the basic questions are:
- How do small group dynamics impact cognition and emotional states?
- How do social groups control or contribute to behavior, emotion, or attitudes of the individual members?
- How does the group impact the individual?
- How does the individual operate within the social group?
See also
Point of no return
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social psychology."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The social sciences comprise the scientific study of the human aspects of the world. They are also known as social studies.
Psychology studies the human mind, sociology examines human society, political science studies the governing of groups and economics concerns itself with the allocation of wealth in society. Social sciences diverge from the humanities in that the social sciences emphasise the scientific method or other rigorous standards of evidence in the study of humanity.
The main social sciences include:
Anthropology and History are sometimes classified as social sciences or as humanities. Furthermore, anthropology is sometimes classified as a natural science.
- Economics, allocation of wealth
- Political Science
- Psychology, human mind
- Linguistics
- Sociology
Non-traditional approaches to social sciences include:
- Memetics
- Sociobiology
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social sciences."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In common American (US) parlance, social welfare is a synonym for the provision of financial aid in the form of social security.However, in other parts of the world, social welfare includes the provision of a wide range of social services provided by the state that benefit individual citizens. In most these are considered natural rights, and indeed that position is borne out by the UN Convention on Social and Economic Rights and other treaty documents. Accordingly many refer to welfare within a context of social justice, making an analogy to negative rights of fair treatment or restraint in criminal justice.
Access to such services is usually on the basis of provable need, rather than simple lack of ability to pay for services. These services are often provided free of charge, or at a nominal fee, with the state, ultimately the taxpayer, picking up the majority of the cost. Typical social welfare services include:
Child protection services are often considered part of the social welfare system, while the Police, legal assistance for those before the Courts, and other parts of the justice system are not. There are close links between social welfare and justice systems, often because they encounter the same people. The distinction is a matter of personal responsibility. Those involved in the social welfare system are generally unable to control or influence their own circumstances, while those in the justice system are generally responsible for the situation they find themselves in. Assistance given to those in the justice system is more about allowing an individual to receive fair treatment rather than social welfare. While being involved in the justice system often excludes an individual from social welfare assistance, those exiting the justice system, such as released prisoners, and families of those involved in the justice system are often eligible for social welfare assistance because of increased needs and increased risk of recidivism if the assistance is not provided. In some countries, improvements in social welfare services have been justified by savings being made in the justice system, as well as personal healthcare and legal costs.
- Government controlled or regulated, often compulsory, Superannuation savings schemes.
- Government controlled or regulated, often compulsory, social insurance schemes, often based on income, to pay for the social welfare service being provided. These are often incorporated into the taxation system and may be inseparable from income tax.
- Pensions or other financial aid, including Social Security and tax relief, to those with low incomes or inability to meet basic living costs, especially those who are raising children, elderly, unemployed, injured, sick or disabled.
- Free or low cost nursing, medical and hospital care for those who who are sick, injured or unable to care for themselves. This may also include free antenatal and postnatal care. Services may be provided in the community or a medical facility.
- Free or low cost education for all children, and financial aid, sometimes as a scholarship or pension, sometimes in the form of a suspensory loan, to students attending academic institutions or undertaking vocational training.
- The state may also fund or operate social work and community based organisations that provide services that benefit disadvantaged people in the community.
States or nations that provide comprehensive social welfare programmes are often identified as having a welfare state. In such countries access to social welfare services is often considered a basic and inalienable right to those in need.
See also
In economics, social welfare refers to the overall utilitarian state of society. In practice, many economists use Pareto efficiency, a very conservative (in both senses) measure of social welfare, to determine which of two possible situations is preferable.
- National Health Service.
- Social security.
- pauper's oath
In order to reproduce utilitarian philosophy more faithfully in economic models, it is necessary to suppose the existence of a social welfare function, which specifies which situations are better than others, in terms of the resources held by everyone in society.
A crude social welfare function can be constructed by measuring the subjective dollar value of goods and services distributed to participants in the economy (see also consumer surplus). Means of actually measuring well-being have been proposed as an alternative to price indices, which are seen as promoting consumerism and productivism by many (even classical) economists.
The fields of welfare economics and human development theory explore these issues, and consider them fundamental to the development process itself.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social welfare."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Socialism can refer to a political doctrine, an economic theory, a vision of an ideal society, or a description of an actually existing society. In its broadest sense, socialism is a belief that human society can and should be organised along social lines - that is, for the benefit of all, rather than for the profit of a few, which it argued had been the case hitherto. Its key ideas are opposition to capitalism, and a belief in equality, both political and economic. The socialist view of social organisation is well encapsulated in the following saying (attributed to Marx): From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.
Election poster for Eugene V. Debs, American Socialist Party candidate for President, 1904Since the 19th century, socialist ideas have developed and separated into many streams, including anarchism, syndicalism, democratic socialism, evolutionary socialism, fabianism, Marxism, Leninism or Communism, Trotskyism, Maoism, Castroism, African socialism and Arab socialism. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, socialist thought has been in a deep crisis, and most formerly socialist parties have abandoned key socialist ideas. By the end of the 20th century, many critics of socialism were confidently predicting its demise.
The German National Socialist Party advocated Nationalsozialismus; likewise, other fascist parties have also used the word socialist in their names. However: "By majority consent of both socialists and non-socialists, National Socialism (Nazism) and kindred movements are not considered to be socialist." (Salvadori) Despite Salvadori's statement, some right-wing groups (which wish to discredit socialism) do refer to Nazism as being socialist.
This article continues at:
History of Socialism
See also:
- Socialist economics
- List of socialists
References
- (Massimo Salvadori, introduction to Modern Socialism, Harper, 1968.)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Socialism."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:SocietyAn article on this topic is also available in Simple English.
A society is a group of humans that form a semi-closed system, in which most interactions are with other people belonging to the group. A society is a network of relationships between people. A society is an interdependent community.
The name was historically applied to the community formed by all the nationals of a country - a questionable idea now thanks to globalization. Some, like Margaret Thatcher, deny they exist at all. Societies are the main subject of study of social sciences.
Also, some groups apply the title "society" to themselves, as the "American Society of Mathematics". This is most common in commerce, in which a partnership between investors to start a business is usually called a "society".
See evolution of societies, Information society, social capital
Sources
- Definition of Society (social)
- Learning Commons - What is Culture ? - Glossary Item - Society
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Society."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Sociology studies the social rules and processes that bind, and separate, people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions.
Introduction
Sociology emerged in the 19th century as an academic response to the challenge of modernity: as the world is becoming smaller and more integrated, people's experience of the world is increasingly atomized and dispersed. Sociologists hoped not only to understand what held social groups together, but also to develop an "antidote" to social disintegration.Today sociologists research macro-structures that organize society, such as race or ethnicity, class and gender, and institutions such as the family; social processes that represent deviation from, or the breakdown of, these structures, including crime and divorce; and micro-processes such as interpersonal interactions.
Sociologists often rely on quantitative methods of social research to describe large patterns in social relationships, and in order to develop models that can help predict social change and how people will respond to social change. Other branches of sociology believe that qualitative methods -- such as focussed interviews, group discussions and ethnographic methods -- allow for a better understanding of social processes.
History
Sociology is a relatively new study among other social science disciplines including economics, political science, anthropology, psychologyThe term was coined by Auguste Comte, who hoped to unify all studies of humankind--including history, psychology and economics. His own sociological scheme was typical of the 18th century; he believed all human life had passed through the same distinct historical stages and that, if one could grasp this progress, one could prescribe the remedies for social ills.
In the end, Sociology did not replace the other social sciences, but came to be another of them, with its own particular emphases in terms of subject matter and methods. Today, Sociology studies humankind's organizations and social institutions, largely by a comparative method. It has concentrated particularly on the organization of complex industrial societies.
Major Branches
- functionalism
- structuralism
- conflict theory
- interactionism or Social Action theory and symbolic-interactionism
- sociology of knowledge (or: social constructionism)
Specialised areas
- industrial sociology
- micro-sociology
- political sociology
- rural sociology
- Urban sociology
- sociology of religion
- systems theory
- medical sociology
Key Sociological Topics:
- culture
- deviance
- justified irresponsibility
- role and role homogeneity
- work
- race
- role
- class
- gender role
- social structure
- modernity
- generations
Sociology and the internet
The internet is of interest for sociologists in three views at least: as a tool for research, for example by using online questionaires instead of paper ones, as a discussion plattform (see 'External links' section below), and as a research topic. Sociology of the internet in the last sense includes analysis of online communities (e.g. as found in newsgroups) and virtual communities, organisational change catalysed through new media like the internet as well as societal change at-large in the transformation from industrial to informational society (or to information society).
Terms and Methods
Methods: quantitative method, qualitative method, ethnography
- sociological perspective
- social fact
- belonging
Sociologists
See List of sociologists for sociologists with entries in Wikipedia.Famous sociologists include Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Georg Simmel, Max Weber, Albion Woodbury Small, Ferdinand Toennies, Charles Horton Cooley, Pitirim Sorokin, Robert E. Park, Karl Mannheim, Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton, Peter Blau, Reinhard Bendix, Norbert Elias, John Rex, David Lockwood, Erving Goffman, Harold Garfinkel, and Anthony Giddens. Karl Marx would not have called himself a sociologist, but his thought has had an immense impact on sociological theory.
Comparison to other Social Sciences
In the early 20th century, sociologists and psychologists who conducted research in non-industrial societies contributed to the development of anthropology. It should be noted, however, that anthropologists also conducted research in industrial societies. Today sociology and anthropology are better contrasted according to different theoretical concerns and methods rather than objects of study.
A distinction should be made between these and forensic studies within these disciplines, particularly where anatomy is involved. These latter studies might be better named as Forensic psychology.
Social Theory
Social theory is a distinction applied to the work considered outside of the mainstream of sociology. Among sociologists who model their work on the succesful sciences of physics or chemistry, social theory may be applied to all work produced outside of the scientific method, in contradistinction to a sociological theory which has been "correctly" tested. However, a natural science model has never completely predominated sociology, nor has their ever been much consensus, even among the adherents of that model, as to what would constitutes valid evidence or even the proper unit of analysis. Consequently, the distinction between sociology and social theory has has always been more reflective of classifier than the theory described as belonging to one or the other. Many theorists prefer to describe themselves as social theorists because they are critical of the sociological community or were not trained as sociologists.
Marxist theory, critical theory, post-colonial theory, feminist theory, structuralist theory, post-structuralist theory, queer theory, Postmodern theory, and other theories probably unmentioned have all at times been considered outside the mainstream of sociology and been referred to as social theory. However, as all these theories have been adopted to some extent by mainstream sociology, distinctions are made less often.
See also
See also: criminology, disabilities, education, Frankfurt School, gender & sexuality, Marxism, mass media, media studies, Milgram experiment, revolution, social engineering, sociologist, political economy, race & ethnicity,social change, social control, social movements, tautology, teleology, theory, sociological imagination, socioeconomic systems, racism, social order, social structure, social issue, scale (social sciences)
External links
- International Sociological Association ISA
- SocioSite at University of Amsterdam
- Social theory for fans of popular culture
- Sociology articles written by faculty of the University of California, Berkeley
- Sociological Snippets
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Sociology."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| SOPODA | English | Social planning policy and development abstracts | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: SocialSynonyms: herding(a) (adj), societal (adj), swarming(a) (adj), mixer (n), sociable (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: unsocial (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Benevolence | Phrase: " act a charity sometimes "; " a tender heart, a will inflexible "; de mortuis nil nisi bonum; " kind words are more than coronets "; quando amigo pide no hay manana; " the social smile, the sympathetic tear ". |
Government | Party; Democratic Party, Republican Party, Socialist Party, Communist Party; Federalist Party, Bull Moose Party, Abolitionist Party; Christian Democratic Party, Social Democratic Party; National Socialist Worker's Party, Nazi Party; Liberal Party, Labor Party, Conservative Party. |
Impurity | Prosprostitution, social evil, harlotry, stupration, whoredom, concubinage, cuckoldom, adultery, advoutry, crim. coNoun: free love. |
Mankind | Adjective: human, mortal, personal, individual, national, civic, public, social; cosmopolitan; anthropoid. |
Philanthropy | Noun: philanthropy, humanity, humanitarianism universal benevolence; endaemonism, deliciae humani generis; cosmopolitanism utilitarianism, the greatest happiness of the greatest number, social science, sociology |
Sociality | Social, neighborly; international; gregarious. |
Social circle, family circle; circle of acquaintance, coterie, society, company. social gathering, social reunion; assembly; (assemblage); barbecue, bee; corn-husking, corn-shucking; house raising, barn raising; husking, husking-bee; infare. | |
Noun: sociality, sociability, sociableness; Adjective: social intercourse; consociation; intercourse, intercommunity; consortship, companionship, comradeship; clubbism; esprit de corps. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | This is a social studies nightmare (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin.) I just cant have any social life right now. (Say Anything; writing credit: Cameron Crowe.) So it's social. Demented and sad, but social (The Breakfast Club ; writing credit: John Hughes) So, I want to go somewhere where we know someone who can plug us into the social pipeline (Dumb and Dumber; writing credit: Peter Farrelly, Bobby Farrelly, Bennett Yellin) We're in a time of social changes, and social changes cost money (Oil for the Lamps of China; writing credit: Alice Tisdale Hobart; Laird Doyle) | |
Lyrics | I'm not big on social graces ("Friends in Low Places"; performing artist: Garth Brooks) To social injustice (Rhythm Nation; performing artist: Janet Jackson) I'd like to do a song of great social and political import (Me & Bobby McGee; performing artist: Janis Joplin) A social deb (Jealousy; performing artist: Natalie Merchant) And social injustice (Easy to Be Hard; performing artist: Three Dog Night) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club (1974) Tercer plan de desarrollo económico y social (1972) The Cheyenne Social Club (1970) Psiquiatría social (1970) | |
Song Titles | Rumors (performing artist: Timex Social Club) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Social life under the ice during survival training exercise. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | How Do You Feel In Social Situations Where Alcohol Is Not Available?. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Clinical Social Workers : Caring Assessing Facilitating / NIH Clinical Center Social Work Department. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Social qualities of our candidate. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | The mention of Mr. Tagg's name in the social column attracts some gentlemen of the press : Mr. Tagg gracefully submits to an interview. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | There is one class which feels competent to appraise social position; these are head waiters. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | The social scramble. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Emily Post, social arbitress, in a moment of quiet abandon chez elle] / Covarrubias. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Mrs. Nicholas Longworth and Miss Joanna Sturm escorted by a White House Social Aide arriving at the East Gate of the White House [for the wedding of Tricia Nixon and Edward Cox]. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Lloyd George's garden party, at Kensington is social event. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Social forum 2002" by Michele Migliarini Commentary: "Social forum 2002 corteo dei disubbidienti." | "Monkeys" by Tjeerd Doosje Commentary: "Today I went to a kind of Zoo with only monkeys in it. It sometimes is good to look back where you came from: that's the way I spotted this couple of monkeys, sitting in the grass, doing their social stuff and some eating. Thanks to the autumn colors I th" |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Laughing; good time; recreation; socializing; social. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Benjamin Disraeli | Power has only one duty --to secure the social welfare of the People. |
France | Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be based only upon public utility. |
George Eliot | I have the conviction that excessive literary production is a social offence. |
George Meredith | She poured a little social sewage into his ears. |
Henry Ward Beecher | That is true culture which helps us to work for the social betterment of all. |
Octavio Paz | Social criticism begins with grammar and the re-establishing of meanings. |
Oliver Wendell Holmes | Fashion is only the attempt to realize art in living forms and social intercourse. |
Peter F. Drucker | The honest work of yesterday has lost its social status, its social esteem. |
Samuel Johnson | Nobody can write the life of a man but those who have eat and drunk and lived in social intercourse with him. |
Samuel Taylor Coleridge | Marriage has, as you say, no natural relation to love. Marriage belongs to society; it is a social contract. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | Capital is, therefore, not a personal, it is a social power. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | It shall also have the right to establish and maintain hospitals, dispensaries, workmen's houses and gardens, and other charitable and social institutions. (reference) |
United Nations | 1948 | All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | He seemed to have all the life and spirit, cheerful feelings, and social inclinations of his father, and nothing of the pride or reserve of Enscombe |
Lays of Mystery Imagination and Humour | Carroll, Lewis | Strange pictures decked the arras drear, Strange characters of woe and fear, The humbugs of the social sphere |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Monastic communities are to the great social community what the ivy is to the oak, what the wart is to the human body |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | His destiny was to be elusive of social or religious orders |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | By the tent a little embarrassment had set in, and social intercourse had paused before it started |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | I desire to speak impartially on this point, and as one not interested in the success or failure of the present economical and social arrangements |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | American Social Health Association. (references) | |
Medical, psychiatric, and social services should be available. (references) | ||
The hallmark feature of autism is impaired social interaction. (references) | ||
Business | The CCU/CASU is generally conservative on economic and social policy. (references) | |
Cancer is a disease of great social and scientific concern in Argentina. (references) | ||
Punctuality is observed for most government appointments and social functions. (references) | ||
Children | Armenia | Despite social programs, the number of street children increased. (references) |
Russia | Citizens' Watch conducted seminars on legal and social aspects of the problem. (references) | |
Russia | Bereg runs a shelter and offers training programs to children and social workers. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Jordan | Baha'is face both official and social discrimination. (references) |
Jordan | Druze face official discrimination but do not complain of social discrimination. (references) | |
Jordan | Muslims who convert to other faiths complain of social and government discrimination. (references) | |
Discrimination | Saudi Arabia | The Shi'a religious minority suffers social, legal, economic, political, and sectarian discrimination. (references) |
Israel and the occupied territories | Disability, Language, or Social Status The law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex or marital status. (references) | |
Bangladesh | Women, children, minority groups, and persons with disabilities often confront social and economic disadvantages. (references) | |
Economic History | Ukraine | Support for the Social Sector. (references) |
Maldives | Some social stratification exits on the islands. (references) | |
Kyrgyzstan | Economic and social development also was notable. (references) | |
Human Rights | Norway | Juveniles generally are cared for by social welfare authorities. (references) |
Nauru | Marriage between women and foreign males may still draw social censure. (references) | |
Estonia | These roundtables discuss and make recommendations on social integration issues. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Indonesia | Critics of transmigration claim that it often threatens indigenous cultures and causes social resentment. (references) |
Trinidad and Tobago | They maintain social ties with each other and other aboriginal groups and are not subject to discrimination. (references) | |
Peru | Pervasive discrimination and social prejudice intensify feelings of inferiority and second-class citizenship. (references) | |
Minorities | Somalia | There is strong social pressure to respect Islamic traditions. (references) |
Haiti | Racial distinctions tend to parallel social and economic strata. (references) | |
Greece | The integration of Roma into social security systems also is quite low. (references) | |
Political Economy | Sudan | Gender segregation is common in social settings. (references) |
UKRAINE | Personal income and social security taxes remain high. (references) | |
Nepal | The UML is a relatively moderate social democratic party. (references) | |
Political Rights | Monaco | The 30-member Economic and Social Council advises the Government on social, financial, and economic questions. (references) |
Belarus | With the exception of the judiciary, social barriers to women are strong, and men hold virtually all of the leadership positions. (references) | |
Sweden | The governing Social Democratic Party largely kept its pledge to place women in half of all political appointments at all levels. (references) | |
Trade | Botswana | SADC was established to promote closer economic, social and political integration in the region. (references) |
Kenya | Other equally important sectors are: Social Development, Human Resources, Natural Resources and Industry. (references) | |
Indonesia | Every ADB-supported project reduces poverty as it fosters sustainable economic growth, social benefits and good governance. (references) | |
Travel | Mexico | Business and social customs vary widely in Mexico. (references) |
Ghana | Traditional attire is after work for social functions. (references) | |
Uzbekistan | Much of the local social life revolves are the chai-khonas (tea-houses). (references) | |
Women | Haiti | In some social strata, tradition limits women's roles. (references) |
Kuwait | Women continue to experience legal and social discrimination. (references) | |
Niger | Wife beating reportedly was common, even in upper social classes. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Kyrgyz Republic | It provides legal, social, and economic assistance to victims. (references) |
Austria | Every worker is entitled to a variety of generous social benefits. (references) | |
Colombia | Victims do have access to generally limited government social services. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DEGRADATION, n. One of the stages of moral and social progress from private station to political preferment. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Al Hunt | Mr. Chairman, we're going to have to take a break now, but we will be back in just a minute to talk to Bill Thomas about Social Security and unemployment compensation, and possible tax reform. |
Barbara Walters | You feel socialism works. It seems that the tide in the rest of the world is turning away. We see people in you country hungry. We see people going on boats and risking their lives to leave this country. Does social work. |
Elizabeth Dole | Let me tell you where I am on this. First of all, I am certainly not talking about privatizing Social Security. I don't think anyone is saying privatize the system. |
James Dobson | Of course. Of course. And this is why, you know, I spend as much time as I do talking about our social responsibilities. I want to help parents raise their kids. I want to deal with marriage and other aspects of family life. |
John E. Sununu | Well, look, people in New Hampshire know that I'll talk thoughtfully, substantively about any issue. There's a lot of Democrat rhetoric going back years, scare tactics, trying to scare seniors about Social Security. |
John Hartmann | I'm not sure how the rules are phrased, but in this case the social worker didn't tell them, the police didn't tell them and I asked the social worker who screened me and them and everybody before I was admitted to the room. |
Lawrence Lindsey | Oh, I don't think so. I mean, the Social Security commission was very explicit. They urged the Congress to debate this extensively for a year. |
Rush Limbaugh | Liberals in Washington take loans from Social Security and count that as income too. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. |
Theodore Roosevelt | 1901-1909 | Modern life is both complex and intense, and the tremendous changes wrought by the extraordinary industrial development of the last half century are felt in every fiber of our social and political being. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Communism maintains that social wrongs can be corrected only by violence. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Cuban social and economic reform should be encouraged. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | For this is not merely an economic issue, or a social, political, or international issue. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Simple arithmetic warns all of us that the Social Security Trust Fund is headed for trouble. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | This Administration continues to oppose cuts in basic social security benefits and taxing social security benefits. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Federal welfare programs have created a massive social problem. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Today, Social Security is strong. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Retirement security also depends upon keeping the commitments of Social Security, and we will. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Social" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 98.49% of the time. "Social" is used about 42,199 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 98.49% | 41,561 | 195 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.49% | 628 | 10,333 |
| Total | 100.00% | 42,199 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "social": "Mutual Help" General Social Fund for the Improvement of Public Health ♦ business with a social conscience ♦ computer Professionals for Social Responsibility ♦ Economic and Social Council ♦ economic and Social Council commission ♦ employers'imputed social contributions ♦ imputed social contributions ♦ in social vacuum ♦ medical social worker ♦ ministry of social affairs ♦ Minorities and Social Education Department ♦ social action ♦ social activities ♦ social activity ♦ Social Adjustment ♦ social administration ♦ social affair ♦ Social Alienation ♦ social and behavioral science ♦ social and behavioural science ♦ Social and Economic Council ♦ social anthropologist ♦ social anthropology ♦ social antrhropology ♦ social assistance ♦ social behavior ♦ Social Behavior Disorders ♦ Social Change ♦ Social Circle ♦ social class ♦ social climber ♦ social climbing ♦ social club ♦ social cohesion ♦ social column ♦ social commitment ♦ social condition ♦ Social Conditions ♦ Social Conformity ♦ social contract ♦ social contribution ♦ social control ♦ Social Control Policies ♦ social cost ♦ social dancer ♦ social dancing ♦ social democracy ♦ social democrat ♦ social democratic ♦ social Democratic Party ♦ Social Desirability ♦ social Development Commission ♦ social differences ♦ social disease ♦ Social Distance ♦ Social Dominance ♦ social drinker ♦ Social dysfunction ♦ social engineering ♦ social environment ♦ social event ♦ social events ♦ social evil ♦ social fabric ♦ social facilitation ♦ social facilities ♦ social function ♦ social functions ♦ social gathering ♦ social geography ♦ social group ♦ social history ♦ Social Identification ♦ social ills ♦ social impact ♦ social insurance ♦ social insurance schemes ♦ social intercourse ♦ Social Isolation ♦ social justice ♦ social level ♦ social life ♦ social lion ♦ social live ♦ social malady ♦ social medicine ♦ social misfit ♦ social mobility ♦ social movement ♦ social obligations ♦ social occasion ♦ social order ♦ social organization ♦ social outcast ♦ social ownership ♦ Social Perception ♦ social phobia ♦ Social Planning ♦ social policy ♦ Social pressure ♦ social problems. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "social": social-action, social-affairs, social-aid-cum-aphrodisiac, social-and-economic-factors, social-based, social-catholic, social-christian, social-class, social-class-based, social-climber, social-climbing, social-cognitive, social-comment, Social-contract, social-control, Social-cristiano, social-critical, social-cultural, social-cum-geographical, social-cum-physical, social-cum-spatial, social-darwinism, social-defence, social-deictic, social-democracy, social-democrate, social-democratic, social-dividend-type, social-dynamic, social-ecological, social-economic, social-emotional, social-engineering, social-events, social-fascist, social-freudian, social-historical, social-history, social-hunting, social-industrial, social-learning, social-liberal, social-market, social-metaphysical, social-movement, social-political, social-problem, social-professional, social-property, social-psychological, social-purity, social-realist, Social-revolutionaries, social-revolutionary, social-science, social-sciences, social-scientific, social-security, social-service, social-services, social-spending, social-systems, social-tenurial, social-theoretical, social-welfare, social-welfare-like, social-work, social-worked, social-world. | |
Ending with "social": anti-social, non-social, pre-social, pro-social. | |
Containing "social": liberal-conservative-social-democratic-rural, teacher-as-social-worker. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "social"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | sosiaal. (various references) | |
Albanian | social, shoqëror (communal, familiar, folksy, pragmatic, public). (various references) | |
Arabic | تناسلي (genital, reproductive, sexual, venereal), الاجتماعي (sociologist), إجتماعي (friendly, gregarious, man about town, public, socialite), أنيس (affable, companionable, genial, gregarious, sociable). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | светски (earthbound, earthly, fashionable, fleshly, laic, lay, material, mundane, profane, secular, smart, society, temporal, terrene, terrestrial, unclerical, world, worldly), социален, вечеринка (rout, sociable, soiree), обществен (common, communal, open, public), приятелски (amicable, friendly, maty, neighborly, neighbourly, on good terms, pally), другарска среща (sociable), дружески (amicable, chummy, friendly, gentle, sociable). (various references) | |
Chinese | 社会 (societal, Societies, society). (various references) | |
Czech | spoleèenský veèírek, spoleèenský (collective, formal, gregarious, outgoing, sociable), sociální. (various references) | |
Danish | social. (various references) | |
Dutch | sociaal. (various references) | |
Esperanto | sociala, socia. (various references) | |
Farsi | معاشرتی , گروه دوست , وابسته بجامعه , تفریحی (Sport), جمعیت دوست (Gregarious), انسی , اجتماعی (Civic, Collective, Ecclesiastic, Order, Public, Republican), دسته جمعی (Ensemble). (various references) | |
Finnish | sosiaalinen, yhteiskunnallinen. (various references) | |
French | social (society). (various references) | |
Frisian | sosjaal. (various references) | |
German | sozial (public-spirited, socially, socially conscious), gesellig (chummily, convivial, gregarious, sociable, sociably). (various references) | |
Greek | κοινωνικόσ (companionable, folksy, sociable), κοινωνικός (gregarious, outgoing, sociable). (various references) | |
Hebrew | חברתי, חברותי (friendly, gregarious, outgoing, sociable), סוציאלי. (various references) | |
Hungarian | társadalmi (social club, societal), szociális (to go on the parish). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kemasyarakatan. (various references) | |
Italian | sociale (corporate), socievole (chummily, companionable, conversable, genial, gregarious, sociable, sociably). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 社会的 , サロン的 (exclusive, sanction, sanctuary, Sangerism, sangria, sans couture, seamless, sour, sour cream, Sun, sunglasses, Sunkist, suntan oil, thank you, Thanksgiving Day). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しゃかいてき, サロンてき (exclusive). (various references) | |
Korean | 사회 (Societies, society). (various references) | |
Manx | sheshoil, giense (carousal, ceilidh, do, entertainment, feast, feasting, festival, get together, house party, junket, revel). (various references) | |
Papiamen | sosial, soshal. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ocialsay.(various references) | |
Polish | socjalny. (various references) | |
Portuguese | social (civil). (various references) | |
Romanian | social, sociabil (clubby, communicative, companionable, conversable, convivial, gregarious, jovial, liveable, neighborly, neighbourly, sociable), reuniune (assembly, collection, function, gathering, party, reunion, sociable), public (audience, openly, overtly, public, publicly, state), comunicativ (catching, communicative, conversable, expansive, talkative, voluble), adunare (accumulation, addition, aggregate, assemblage, assembly, cluster, collection, conference, congregation, congress, conjunction, convention, convocation, crowd, footing up, gathering, heap, hoarding, meeting, muster, powwow, rally, reunion, rodeo, sitting, tot, turn out). (various references) | |
Russian | социальный (societal), общественный;социальный, общественный (common, communal, community, public). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | socijalan, druželjubiv (communicative, convivial, folksy, sociable), društveni. (various references) | |
Spanish | tertulia (bull session, salon, social circle), sociable (chummily, clubbable, companionable, sociable, sociably). (various references) | |
Swedish | social (outgoing), samhällelig (civil). (various references) | |
Thai | เกี่ยวกับสังคมนิยม, เกี่ยวกับสังคม (societal), การชุมนุมกัน (reunion). (various references) | |
Turkish | sosyal (clubable, clubbable, clubby, conversable, sociable, socio-), toplumsal (communal), toplumcul (sociable), toplu halde yaşayan (gregarious), kilise üyelerinin resmi olmayan toplantısı (sociable). (various references) | |
Turkmen | sosial (r). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | суспільний, світський (fashionable, genteel, laic, laical, lay, mundane, profane, secular, terrestrial), соціальний (human, societal), компанійський (clubbable, conversable, gregarious), вечірка (evening, get together, kick up, party), прийом (acceptance, device, dodge, entertainment, expedient, process, stroke, welcome), побутовий (household). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | với các đồng minh, có tính chất xã hội, có tính chất thành viên của một tập thể, buổi dạ hội. (various references) | |
Welsh | cymdeithasol. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | socialis. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "social": socialise, socialised, socialises, socialising, socialism, socialisms, socialist, socialistic, socialistically, socialists, socialite, socialites, socialities, sociality, socialization, socializations, socialize, socialized, socializer, socializers, socializes, socializing, socially, socials. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "social": antisocial, asocial, biosocial, dissocial, homosocial, nonsocial, psychosocial, subsocial, unsocial. (additional references) | |
Words containing "social": antisocialist, antisocialists, antisocially, biosocially, homosocialities, homosociality, nonsocialist, nonsocialists, psychosocially, resocialization, resocializations, resocialize, resocialized, resocializes, resocializing, unsocialized, unsocially. (additional references) | |
| |
"Social" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Escocia, Ociam, ostial, sahiwal, scail, sceal, scioll, scoel, Scoil, secal, Secil, Seconal, secual, Soccio, soci, socia, sociaz, socidal, sociol, socmial, sofian, sokia, Solcia, sorial, soriel, sozial, Soziale, Suceava. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "social" (pronounced sō"shul) |
| 5 | s ō" sh u l | antisocial. |
| 3 | -sh u l | inertial, artificial, beneficial, biracial, bushel, commercial, confidential, controversial, crucial, essential, experiential, facial, financial, glacial, impartial, spatial, special, superficial, infomercial, initial, interprovincial, interracial, judicial, jurisprudential, Marshal, Marshall, martial, multiracial, noncommercial, noncontroversial, nonfinancial, nonracial, nonresidential, official, palatial, partial, Paschal, potential, prejudicial, prenuptial, provincial, quintessential, racial, sacrificial, uncontroversial, unofficial. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-i-l-o-s" | |
-1 letter: calos, coals, coils, colas, laics, salic. | |
-2 letters: ails, also, asci, calo, ciao, coal, coil, cola, cols, lacs, laic, loca, loci, ocas, oils, sail, sial, silo, soil, sola, soli. | |
-3 letters: ail, ais, als, cis, col, cos, lac, las, lis, oca, oil, sac, sal, sic, sol. | |
-4 letters: ai, al, as, is, la, li, lo, os, si. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-i-l-o-s" | |
+1 letter: alnicos, asocial, calicos, celosia, citolas, oilcans, scholia, socials, stoical. | |
+2 letters: acholias, acyloins, alnicoes, bifocals, cabildos, calicoes, calorics, calories, camisole, cannolis, capitols, carioles, celosias, clarions, classico, coalbins, coalfish, coaliest, coalpits, cordials, cosmical, focalise, folacins, laconism, limacons, localise, localism, localist, mochilas, oilcamps, placoids, scallion, scolioma, sociable, sociably, socially, societal, solacing, unsocial, vocalics, vocalise, vocalism, vocalist. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Abbreviations 22. Acronyms 23. Derivations 24. Rhymes | 25. Anagrams 26. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
