Smallpox

Definition: Smallpox

Smallpox

Noun

1. A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars.

Date "smallpox" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references)

Note: Smallpox \Small"pox`\, noun. [Small pox, pocks.]. (Websters 1913)

Specialty Definition: Smallpox

Domain	Definition
Dream Interpretation	To see people with smallpox in your dream, denotes unexpected and shocking sickness, and probably contagion. You will meet failure in accomplishing your designs. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted ....
Medicine	A generalized virus infection with a vesicular rash. Source: European Union. (references)
	An acute highly contagious viral disease characterised by high fever, severe prostration, and a pinkish rash changing in form from papules to pustules, which dry up and form scabs that are cast off, leaving pitted depressions. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Smallpox

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a virus causing a very contagious and highly deadly disease in humans. It is estimated that smallpox is 20-60% fatal, while many survivors are left blind and scars from smallpox are nearly universal. Smallpox was responsible for an estimated 300-500 million deaths in the 20th century, and as recently as 1967, smallpox killed two million people in a single year.

After successful vaccination campaigns, smallpox is now thought to be extinct in the wild, though cultures are kept by the Centers for Disease Control and Russian authorities. In the 1970s, most nations discontinued smallpox vaccination because such vaccinations have a small possibility (1 case in one million) of serious or even fatal side effects. Nonetheless, after the 2001 anthrax attacks took place in the United States, concerns about smallpox have resurfaced as a possible agent for bioterrorism. As a result, there has been increased concern about the availability of vaccine stocks. Moreover, President of the United States George W. Bush has ordered all military personnel to be vaccinated against smallpox and has implemented a voluntary program for vaccinating emergency medical personnel who would likely be the first people to respond in case of a bioterrorist attack.

Famous victims who died from the disease include Mary II of England, Louis XV of France and Peter II of Russia. Henry VIII's fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, survived the disease but was scarred by it.

Smallpox victim

After first contacts with Europeans, the death of a large part of the native population of the New World was caused by European-transmitted diseases. Smallpox was the chief culprit. On at least one occasion, germ warfare using smallpox infected blankets was used against Native Americans by the British army.

Smallpox is described in the Ayurveda books. Treatment was done by inoculation with year-old smallpox matter. The inoculators would travel all across India pricking the skin of the arm with a small metal instrument using "variolous matter" taken from pustules produced by the previous year's inoculations. The effectiveness of this system was confirmed by the British doctor J.Z. Holwell in an account to the College of Physicians in London in 1767.

In 1796, Edward Jenner developed a smallpox vaccine by using cowpox fluid. After independent confirmation, this practice of vaccination against smallpox spread quickly in Europe and national laws requiring vaccination began appearing as soon as 1805. The last case of wild smallpox occurred on September 11, 1977. One last victim was claimed by the disease in the UK in September 1978, when Janet Parker, a photographer in the University of Birmingham Medical School, contracted the disease and died. There was a research project working on smallpox in the building at the time, though the exact route by which Ms. Parker became infected was never fully elucidated.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Smallpox."

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Synonym: Smallpox

Synonym: variola (n). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Smallpox

English words defined with "smallpox": Antivariolous ♦ cowpox ♦ Edward Jenner ♦ Fretten ♦ Horn pox ♦ Jenner ♦ myxoma virus ♦ Pock-broken, pocked, pockmarked, Pocky ♦ Secondary fever, smallpox virus ♦ Umbilicated, Umbilication ♦ vaccinia, variola major, variola major virus, variola minor, variola minor virus, variola virus, Variolation, Varioloid, Variolous, viraemia, viremia. (references)

Specialty definitions using "smallpox": TRICHANTHERA ♦ Vaccinia Virus. (references)

Etymologies containing "smallpox": Varicella, Variole. (references)

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Modern Usage: Smallpox

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Well, that we're not Native Americans who got their land stolen in exchange for smallpox infested blankets. (Gilmore Girls; writing credit: Povl Erik Carstensen; Sebastian Dorset)
Movie/TV Titles	A Case of Smallpox (1912)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Smallpox

Domain	Title
Books	Smallpox Strikes (The American Adventure #7) (reference) The Greatest Killer: Smallpox in History, With a New Introduction (reference) Vaccination Against Smallpox (Great Minds Series) (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Smallpox

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	In December 2002, CDC Clinicians trained state licensed vaccine administers how to deliver smallpox vaccine safely and efficiently. Once training was completed, they provided additional smallpox vaccine administration training in their home states. Credit: CDC.		Vaccination of boys in West Africa while standing in front of a poster announcing Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control Programs. Note the use of jet guns. Credit: CDC.
	Smallpox is a serious, highly contagious, and sometimes fatal infectious disease. There is no specific treatment for smallpox disease, and the only prevention is vaccination. Credit: CDC.		Close-up photograph of smallpox lesions seen on the deltoid area of the arm during the 4th day of the rash. Credit: CDC.
	Proud father and child who received the 100 millionth smallpox vaccination. In background (right) Dr. J.D. Millar, Director, Bureau of State Services, CDC, and Mr. Gordon Robbins, Bureau of Smallpox Eradication, CDC, 1969. Credit: CDC.		This poster is part of a series of posters collected throughout the world on smallpox and/or measles vaccination. By 1979 the world was declared smallpox-free. Credit: CDC.
	Because the smallpox (vaccinia virus) vaccine is "live", you can spread it to other people, as well as to other parts of your own body. Credit: CDC.		English physician Edward Jenner was an early pioneer in the development of smallpox vaccination. In 1796 he discovered that inoculation with cowpox gave immunity to smallpox. By 1801 over 100,000 persons in England had been vaccinated. Credit: CDC.
	Historically, the vaccine has been effective in preventing smallpox infection in 95% of those vaccinated. Smallpox vaccination provides high level immunity for 3 to 5 years. Thereafter, immunity level decreases. Credit: CDC.		Northwest Coast Indians deep-sixing bottle used as survey mark Bottle set by party of George Davidson in 1852 Smallpox came after surveyors left Indians felt bottle had evil spirits, dug up, and threw away. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Smallpox

Subject	Topic	Quote
Travel	Pakistan	Cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever immunizations are required for travelers arriving from infected areas. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Smallpox

"Smallpox" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Smallpox" is used about 160 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	160	24,760

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Smallpox

Expressions using "smallpox": face pitted with the smallpox ♦ pitted with smallpox ♦ smallpox vaccination ♦ Smallpox Vaccine ♦ smallpox virus. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "smallpox": smallpox-like.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Smallpox

Language		Translations for "smallpox"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		li (flax, pox, small pox, variola). (various references)

Arabic		‏الجدري. (various references)

Bulgarian		вариола (variola), едра шарка (variola). (various references)

Chinese		天花 . (various references)

Czech		neštovice (pock, pox). (various references)

Danish		kopper (cups, feed cups, scoops, variola). (various references)

Dutch		pokken (variola). (various references)

Esperanto		variolo. (various references)

Faeroese		pokur. (various references)

Farsi		مرض ابله , جای ابله (Pock). (various references)

Finnish		rokko (pock), isorokko. (various references)

French		variole, petite vérole. (various references)

German		Pocken (pox), Blattern (pox). (various references)

Greek		ευλογία (benison, blessing, grace, variola). (various references)

Hebrew		אבעבועות (pox, variola), �"רכבת אבעבועות (inoculation, vaccination). (various references)

Hungarian		himlõ (pock, pox, variola). (various references)

Indonesian		cacar (pustular skin eruption). (various references)

Italian		vaiolo (variola). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		天然痘 (variola). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ほうそう (beehive, broadcast, broadcasting, fragrant herb, hive, lawyer, legal profession, packing, seeing an emperor off, wrapping), とうそう (chilblains, conflict, desertion, escape, faction, flight, frostbite, strife, variola), て�"ね�"とう (variola). (various references)

Korean		천연두. (various references)

Manx		yn vreck wooar, yn vreck, yn volgagh vreck, yn volgagh, spohttyn breckey. (various references)

Pig Latin		allpoxsmay

Portuguese		varíola (pox). (various references)

Romanian		variolã (pox), vãrsat (vomiting). (various references)

Russian		оспа (pox, variola). (various references)

Scottish		buaicneach, breac (as a mill stone, speckle; pick, speckled, spotted, trout). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		velike boginje. (various references)

Spanish		viruela (pock, pox, variola). (various references)

Swahili		ndui. (various references)

Swedish		smittkoppor (variola). (various references)

Thai		ไข้ทรพิษ. (various references)

Turkish		çiçek hastalığı (variola), çiçek (blossom, floral, flower). (various references)

Ukrainian		віспа (variola). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Smallpox

Derivations
	Words beginning with "smallpox": smallpoxes. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Smallpox" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: smalp. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Smallpox"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "smallpox" (pronounced smô"lpÄ'ks)
3	-Ä' k s	aftershocks, boombox, boondocks, breadbox, deadlocks, detox, equinox, feedstocks, flintlocks, gearbox, heterodox, hollyhocks, icebox, jukebox, mailbox, matchbox, matchlocks, orthodox, padlocks, paradox, peacocks, roadblocks, saltbox, Sandbox, skybox, soapbox, spacewalks, tinderbox, unorthodox.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Smallpox

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-l-l-m-o-p-s-x"
	-2 letters: slalom.
	-3 letters: lamps, loams, malls, molal, molas, molls, moxas, ollas, opals, palls, palms, plasm, polls, psalm, salol, small, spall.
	-4 letters: alls, alms, alps, also, amps, lamp, lams, laps, loam, lops, mall, maps, moas, mola, moll, mols, mops, moxa, olla, opal, pall, palm, pals, pams, poll, pols, poms, sall, salp, samp, slam, slap, slop.
	Words containing the letters "a-l-l-m-o-p-s-x"
	+2 letters: smallpoxes.
	+4 letters: morphallaxes, morphallaxis.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.