Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Silk |
SilkNoun1. A fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain insect larvae. 2. Fibers from silkworm cocoons provide threads for knitting. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "silk" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Industry | Fibrous matter secreted by the mulberry feeding silk-worm and by other similar insects. Source: European Union. (references) |
Bible | Silk Heb. demeshek, "damask," silk cloth manufactured at Damascus, Amos 3:12. A.V., "in the corner of a bed, and in Damascus in a couch;" R.V., "in the corner of a couch, and on the silken cushions of a bed" (marg., "in Damascus on a bed"). Heb. meshi, (Ezek. 16:10, 13, rendered "silk"). In Gen. 41:42 (marg. A.V.), Prov. 31:22 (R.V., "fine linen"), the word "silk" ought to be "fine linen." Silk was common in New Testament times (Rev. 18:12). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of wearing silk clothes, is a sign of high ambitions being gratified, and friendly relations will be established between those who were estranged. For a young woman to dream of old silk, denotes that she will have much pride in her ancestors, and will be wooed by a wealthy, but elderly person. If the silk is soiled or torn, she will drag her ancestral pride in the slums of disgrace. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Literature | Silk Received silk, applied to a barrister, means that he has obtained licence to wear a silk gown in the law courts, having obtained the degree or title of sergeant. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Mining | Microscopically small, needlelike inclusions of rutile crystals in a natural gem, such as ruby, sapphire, or garnet, from which subsurfacereflections produce a whitish sheen resembling that of silk fabric. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Silk is a kind of fabric made of fibers from the cocoon of the silkworm. Natural or 'raw' silk is produced from silkworm cocoons in a process known as sericulture; the caterpillars are killed in the process. Many modern silks are synthetic, and no caterpillars are involved in their manufacture.Silk was first developed in early China, possibly as early as 6000 BC and definitely by 3000 BC. Though first reserved for the Emperors of China, its use spread gradually through Chinese culture both geographically and socially. From there, silken garments began to reach regions throughout Asia. Silk rapidly became a popular luxury fabric in the many areas accessible to Chinese merchants, because of its texture and lustre. Because of the high demand for the fabric, silk was one of the staples of international trade prior to industrialization.
Perhaps the first evidence of the silk trade is that of an Egyptian mummy of 1070 BC. In subsequent centuries, the silk trade reached as far as Europe, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and North Africa with traders. So extensive was this trade that the major set of trade routes between Europe and Asia was known as the Silk Road.
The Emperors of China strove to keep the knowledge of sericulture secret from other nations, in order to maintain the Chinese monopoly on its production. This effort at secrecy had mixed success. Sericulture reached Korea around 200 BC with Chinese settlers; by 300 A.D. the practice had been established in India. Although the Roman Empire knew of and traded in silk, the secret was only to reach Europe around A.D. 550, via the Empire of Byzantium.
See also spider silk, Jim Thompson (designer)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Silk."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Spider silk is a fibre secreted by spiders.
A spider web made by a linyphid spider.
Composition of spider silk
Spider silk is a remarkably strong material. Its tensile strength is comparable to that of high-grade steel -- according to "Materials: Surprising strength of silkworm silk" in 'Nature' 418, p. 741 (15 August 2002), spider silk has a tensile strength of roughly 1.3 GPa, while the site http://www.geocities.com/pganio/materials.html lists a tensile strength for one form of steel at 1.65 GPa. However, spider silk is much less dense than steel; its ratio of tensile strength to density is perhaps 5 times better than steel, at least according to an earlier version of this article.
Spider silk is also especially elastic, able to stretch up to 40% of its length without breaking. This gives it a very high work to fracture (or toughness), which according to "Liquid crystalline spinning of spider silk" (Nature, vol 410, p. 541), "equals that of commercial polyaramid (aromatic nylon) filaments, which themselves are benchmarks of modern polymer fiber technology." "Five times as strong as steel" sounds more impressive than "just as strong as nylon", but both are accurate. The notion that spider silk is stronger than any other fiber now known is thus erroneous or at least debatable. Nonetheless, there is much interest in duplicating the silk process artificially, since spiders use renewable materials as input and operate at room temperature and low pressure.
The proteins in the silk are complex molecules of amino acid. This, coupled with the spider's preference - as a predatory animal - for isolation from other species, has made the study and replication efforts of this magical superfiber quite challenging. Because of the repetitive nature of the DNA encoding the silk protein, it is difficult to determine its sequence, and the silk from only 14 species has been decoded. As of 2001 ten such sequences have been completed through a collaboration between the University of California at Riverside and the University of Wyoming.
How does the spider make the silk?
The thread is released through silk glands. Many species of spider have different glands for different jobs, such as housing and web construction, defense, capturing and detaining prey, mobility and in extreme cases even as food. Thus, the silk needs to be specialized for the task at hand so success is guaranteed.
The gland's visible, or external, part is termed the spinneret. Depending on the species, spiders will have any number of spinnerets, usually in pairs. The beginning of the gland is rich in sulfhydryl and tyrosine groups, the main ingredient to silk fiber. After this beginning process, the ampulla acts as a storage sac for the newly created fibers. From there, the spinning duct effectively removes water from the fiber and through fine channels also assists in its formation. Lipid secretions take place just at the end of the distal limb of the duct, and proceeds to the valve. The valve is believed to assist in rejoining broken fibers, acting much in the way of a helical pump.
External Links
- Artificial Spider Silk - An interesting article on a Canadian-based biotechnologies firm that has, in conjunction with the U.S. Army, spun the World's first man-made spider silk performance fibers, using milk of genetically modified goats..
- The Silk Gland - A very nice breakdown of the silk gland, its parts and uses with images and drawings.
- Spiders in Space - NASA article and database information on the research of spiders in space.
- Living Museum - The Spiders - Excellent resource on primitive and new world species categorized by their hunting tactics.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Spider silk."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
SILK | English | System for integrated local communication | Computing |
SILK | German | System fuer integrierte lokale Kommunikation | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Filament | Wire, string, thread, packthread, cotton, sewing silk, twine, twist, whipcord, tape, ribbon, cord, rope, yarn, hemp, oakum, jute. |
Impossibility | Attempt impossibilities; square the circle, wash a blackamoor white; skin a flint; make a silk purse out of a sow's ear, make bricks without straw; have nothing to go upon; weave a rope of sand, build castles in the air, prendre la lune avec les dents, extract sunbeams from cucumbers, set the Thames on fire, milk a he-goat into a sieve, catch a weasel asleep, rompre l'anguille au genou, be in two places at once. |
Lawyer | Verb: practice law, practice at the bar, practice within the bar; plead; call to the bar, be called to the bar, be called within the bar; take silk; take to the law. |
Noun: lawyer, attorney, legal counsel; counsel, counsellor, counsellor at law, attorney at law; jurist, legist, civilian, pundit, publicist, juris consult, legal adviser, advocate; barrister, barrister at law; King's or Queen's counsel; K.C.; Q.C.; silk gown, leader, sergeant-at-law, bencher; tubman, judge. | |
Smoothness | Phrase: smooth as silk;Phrase: smooth as silk; slippery as coonshit on a pump handle; slippery as a greased pig. |
Down, velvet, velure, silk, satin; velveteen, velour, velours, velumen; glass, ice. | |
Softness | Soft as butter, soft as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax, tender as chicken. |
Texture | Smooth as silk, smooth as satin. |
Silk, satin; muslin, burlap. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Silk |
| English words defined with "silk": Floss silk, Floxed silk ♦ Oiled silk ♦ Raw silk ♦ Silk flower, silk gland, silk hat, silk screen print, Silk serge, Silk shag, Silk spider, silk stocking, silk tree, Silk vessel, Spun silk ♦ Thrown silk, Tussah silk. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "silk": ailanthus silk, atlas silk ♦ bolting silk ♦ chapped silk, cora silk, corah silk ♦ de-gummed silk, discharged silk ♦ grege silk ♦ moiré silk ♦ Neri silk ♦ poil silk ♦ raw silk thread ♦ schappe silk, silk culture, silk filature, silk gauze, silk glue, silk noils, Silk Purse, silk seed, SILK SNATCHERS, SILK SPREADER, single silk, strand of silk ♦ true silk ♦ ungummed silk ♦ wild silk. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "silk": Tussah silk. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | He ran from here like a whipped dog! I'm sure you can't wait for him to get back to making the decisions so you can stop sweating through that silk blouse of yours (Air Force One; writing credit: Andrew W. Marlowe) Brilliant gold taps, virginal white marble, a seat carved from ebony, a cistern full of chanel number five, and a flunky handing me pieces of raw silk toilet roll (Trainspotting; writing credit: Irvine Welsh; John Hodge) Brilliant gold taps, virginal white marble, a seat carved from ebony, a cistern full of Chanel No. 5, and a flunky handing me pieces of raw silk toilet roll (Trainspotting; writing credit: John Hodge. Based on the novel by Irvine Welsh.) A bright, red dress made of silk. (Operation Daybreak; writing credit: Alan Burgess; Ronald Harwood) Abe Lincoln wanted to abolish slavery, right? Well, who do you think made the silk stockings worn by our early leaders (Zoolander; writing credit: Drake Sather; Ben Stiller) | |
Lyrics | Smooth as silk, cool as air. (Maria; performing artist: Blondie) I can feel the soft silk of your blouse (TUNNEL OF LOVE; performing artist: Bruce Springsteen) With your rayon, silk or maybe even denim (Around the Way Girl; performing artist: L.L. Cool J) Silk on the corners of his fancy threads (THAT'S KILLER JOE; performing artist: Manhattan Transfer) Smooth just like silk (Mr. Boombastic; performing artist: Shaggy) | |
Tongue Twisters | Preshrunk silk shirts. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Black Silk (1961) Silk Stockings (1957) The Private Life of a Silk Worm (1950) Smooth as Silk (1946) The Shadow of Silk Lennox (1935) | |
Song Titles | Freak Me (performing artist: Silk) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve. Close-up of a Golden Silk female spider. The females of this species can range between 30 to 40 mm in length. The smaller males, two seen on the other side of the web in this photo, are only 4-6 mm long. These spiders feed primarily on flying insects. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | Figure 5. An Aime tide gauge. Aime's tidal studies began at the port of Algiers in 1838. Aime designed a prismatic lead tube supported by wood and provided with a filtering mechanism at its base that attenuated wave motion. A wood float connected to a counterweight by a silk cord, indicated the level of the sea on a reverse graduated scale which was calibrated on a calm day. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Urzula Zumwalt examines a corn ear for silk damaage caused by western corn rootworm beetles. Credit: USDA. |  | The adult stage of the western corn rootworm (shown searching for pollen on corn silk) is the target of ARS' first areawide integrated pest management program for corn. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Tom Hlavaty.. |
 | Silk embroidered tapestry featuring a photograph of Henry Rockwell Mousseau, his medals and an embroidered portrait of his ship, USS Cleveland (Cruiser # 19). Cleveland served in the Far East during 1907-1910. Credit: NAVY. |  | At Algiers, Algeria, circa late 1900. Photographed by J. Geiser, Algiers. The original photograph is printed on silk. Credit: NAVY. |
 | Nice! repeated Uncle Abey. She's fine. All silk and a yard wide. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Paterson, N. J. (?). 1942 (?). Emily Rabbat making parts for airplane engines on a horizontal milling machine at a Wright Aeronautical Corporation plant. She formerly worked in a silk mill...for Wright Aeronautical Corp. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Employees' noon restaurant at the plant of the Cheney Bros. Silk Manufactory, So. Manchester, Conn., U.S.A. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Ceiba or silk cotton tree, Nassau, Bahama Islands. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Golden Silk" by Elisabeth Howe Commentary: "A close-up of a skirt - golden/green chinese silk." | "Tulle Covered Tulips" by Nita H Commentary: "Soft sheer fabric covering silk tulips." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Doris Christensen | Night coming in like a black, silk cloud, silently folding itself around us. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Bread, wine and cloth, are things of daily use, and great plenty; yet notwithstanding, acorns, water and leaves, or skins, must be our bread, drink and cloathing, did not labour furnish us with these more useful commodities: for whatever bread is more worth than acorns, wine than water, and cloth or silk, than leaves, skins or moss, that is wholly owing to labour and industry; the one of these being the food and raiment which unassisted nature furnishes us with; the other, provisions which our industry and pains prepare for us, which how much they exceed the other in value, when any one hath computed, he will then see how much labour makes the far greatest part of the value of things we enjoy in this world: and the ground which produces the materials, is scarce to be reckoned in, as any, or at most, but a very small part of it; so little, that even amongst us, land that is left wholly to nature, that hath no improvement of pasturage, tillage, or planting, is called, as indeed it is, waste; and we shall find the benefit of it amount to little more than nothing. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | During a further period of thirty months after the expiration of the first six months, this provision shall continue to be applied exclusively with regard to products which, being comprised in Section A of the First Category of the German Customs Tariff of December 25, 1902, enjoyed at the above-mentioned date (July 31, 1914) rates conventionalised by treaties with the Allied and Associated Powers, with the addition of all kinds of wine and vegetable oils, of artificial silk and of washed or scoured wool whether or not they were the subject of special conventions before July 31, 1914. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | The Professor got out a large red silk handkerchief, and wiped his eyes |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | And a fine wardrobe it is too, an extravagant wardrobe, everything in dozens, and silk dresses like a lady |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The little silk badge with the white rose on it that was pinned on the breast of his jacket began to flutter |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Silk Route has filled a petition for the development of the wireless network. (references) | |
Simple elegance is the impression for which professional women strive in the workplace, with conservative colors and styles for their wool or silk suits and dresses. (references) | ||
Fabrics such as silk, viscose, and polyester do not play a big role. For reasons of comfort, convenience and hygiene, bed sheets made from cotton are most preferred by consumers. (references) | ||
Economic History | Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan is also developing its silk processing capacity. (references) |
Japan | Agriculture: Products--rice, vegetables, fruit, milk, meat, silk. (references) | |
Cote D'ivoire | Entrepreneurs are also investing in other non-traditional exports like mangoes, cashews, flowers and silk. (references) | |
Trade | Haiti | However, most textiles are excluded, with the exception of those made from linen or silk, or qualifying as handicraft work. (references) |
Bangladesh | Other items completely banned on either religious/social/health grounds or on economic grounds in the case of textile products that compete directly with locally produced items, including: live pigs, pig and poultry fat, eggs (except hatching eggs), poppy seeds and dried posto dana, marijuana, opium, tendu leaves, lard, lard and tallow oil, solid or semi-solid palm oil, raw sugar, un-denatured ethyl alcohol (80.0% or higher) and other spirits denatured of any strength, wine, artificial mustard oil, selected petroleum products, woven fabrics of silk or silk waste, pig hair, some kinds of cloth, selected insecticides, nylon and polyethylene ropes, fishing nets (gillnets), used or new rags, vessels more than 15 years old, motorbikes more than three years old, and single phase electricity meters. (references) | |
Travel | Burma | Myanmar Airways International (MAI), Silk Air (subsidiary of Singapore Air), Biman (Bangladesh), Air China (CAAC) and Thai Airways provide direct service to Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Kunming, Jakarta, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Dhaka and China. (references) |
Worker Rights | India | Bonded child labor in silk twining factories in and around the town of Magadi is a problem. (references) |
India | The labor has commissioner estimated that there are 3,000 bonded child laborers in the Magadi silk twining factories. (references) | |
China | In another prominent case, Cao Maobing, an electrician from Jiangsu Province, was detained in a mental facility late in 2000, allegedly for his attempts to form an independent union at a Jiangsu silk factory. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | HANDKERCHIEF, n. A small square of silk or linen, used in various ignoble offices about the face and especially serviceable at funerals to conceal the lack of tears. The handkerchief is of recent invention; our ancestors knew nothing of it and intrusted its duties to the sleeve. Shakespeare's introducing it into the play of "Othello" is an anachronism: Desdemona dried her nose with her skirt, as Dr. Mary Walker and other reformers have done with their coattails in our own day -- an evidence that revolutions sometimes go backward. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Silk" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 97.73% of the time. "Silk" is used about 2,068 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 97.73% | 2,021 | 4,269 |
| Noun (proper) | 2.27% | 47 | 49,740 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,068 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "silk" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Silk | Last name | 1,000 | 14,759 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "silk". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Thebez | N/A | Biblical | Fine linen or silk |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| India | Garden Silk Mills Limited | United Kingdom | Silk Industries Plc |
| USA | Silk Botanicals.Com, Inc. | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "silk": ailanthus silk ♦ artificial silk ♦ as smooth as silk ♦ atlas silk ♦ byssus silk ♦ chapped silk ♦ chinese silk plant ♦ cora silk ♦ corah silk ♦ CORN SILK ♦ discharged silk ♦ fine silk ♦ Floss silk ♦ floxed silk ♦ Glass silk ♦ grege silk ♦ hard silk ♦ marine silk ♦ moiré silk ♦ near silk ♦ Neri silk ♦ noil silk yarn ♦ oiled silk ♦ poil silk ♦ pure silk ♦ raw silk ♦ raw silk thread ♦ red silk cotton ♦ schappe silk ♦ sewing silk ♦ shot silk ♦ silk cotton ♦ silk culture ♦ silk fabric ♦ silk factory ♦ silk filature ♦ silk floss ♦ silk flower ♦ silk fowl ♦ silk garment ♦ silk gauze ♦ silk gelatin ♦ silk gland ♦ silk glue ♦ silk gown ♦ silk grass ♦ silk grower ♦ silk hat ♦ silk industry ♦ silk mill ♦ silk moth ♦ silk noils ♦ silk oak ♦ silk producing ♦ silk ribbon ♦ silk road ♦ silk satin ♦ silk screen ♦ silk screen print ♦ silk seed ♦ silk serge ♦ silk shag ♦ silk spider ♦ silk stocking ♦ silk stuff ♦ silk thrower ♦ silk throwster ♦ silk tree ♦ silk vessel ♦ silk vine ♦ silk yarn ♦ single silk ♦ sleave silk ♦ smooth as silk ♦ souple silk ♦ spun silk ♦ strand of silk ♦ surah silk ♦ take silk ♦ thrown silk ♦ thrown silk thread ♦ to kill silk cocoons ♦ to smother silk cocoons ♦ true silk ♦ Tussah silk ♦ tusseh silk ♦ ungummed silk ♦ vegetable silk ♦ Virginia silk ♦ watered silk ♦ wild silk ♦ yarn from schappe silk ♦ yarn spun from silk noils ♦ yarn spun from silk waste other than noil silk. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "silk": silk-and-cashmere, silk-and-satin, Silk-bark oak, silk-breeder, silk-buyer, silk-canopied, silk-clad, silk-compatible, silk-cotton, silk-cotton tree, silk-covered, silk-draped, silk-farm, silk-gloved, silk-hatted, silk-hung, silk-jersey, silk-like, silk-lined, silk-manufacturing, silk-moth, silk-resembled, silk-screen, silk-screen print, silk-screen printing, silk-screen process, silk-screened, silk-screens, silk-shaded, silk-sheathed, silk-slashed, silk-smooth, silk-soft, silk-spun, Silk-stocking, silk-stockinged, silk-stockings, silk-swathed, silk-tie, silk-weaver, silk-weaving, silk-winding, silk-worm, silk-woven. | |
Ending with "silk": Kilroy-silk. | |
Containing "silk": oleander-and-silk-cotton-lined. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
silk | 2,179 | silk stalkings | 169 |
silk flower | 2,112 | silk painting | 141 |
silk palm | 1,233 | silk screen printing | 137 |
silk plant | 753 | silk floral arrangement | 131 |
silk palm tree | 570 | silk tie | 127 |
silk lingerie | 392 | silk the shocker | 120 |
silk scarf | 378 | satin silk | 107 |
silk tree | 376 | silk smitha | 103 |
silk screen | 375 | silk soy milk | 100 |
silk screening | 367 | silk shirt | 97 |
silk stocking | 359 | silk worm | 90 |
silk flower wholesale | 340 | silk wedding flower arrangement | 90 |
mrs silk | 331 | silk dress | 88 |
silk flower arrangement | 321 | silk floral | 86 |
silk wedding flower | 295 | silk pajamas | 84 |
silk road | 280 | dupioni silk | 79 |
silk sheet | 270 | silk rose petal | 78 |
silk pantie | 240 | silk robe | 75 |
silk fabric | 230 | silk boxer | 72 |
alexandra silk | 194 | silk neck tie | 71 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "silk"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | mëndafsh (ottoman, Terry), i mëndafshtë (Flossy, silken, silky). (various references) | |
Arabic | حريري (silken, silky), حرير, خيوط تشبه الحرير, ثوب حريري. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | коса (floss, hair, scythe, tassel), копринена дреха, копринен (silken, silky), коприна, държавен адвокат. (various references) | |
Chamorro | seda. (various references) | |
Chinese | 綢 , 絲綢 (silk cloth), 絲 (thread, trace), 紬 , 布帛菽粟 (beans and grain, cloth, daily necessities, food and clothing), 丝绸 (silks), 帛 . (various references) | |
Czech | hedvábný (Flossy, froufrou, sericeous, silken, silky, soft), hedvábí. (various references) | |
Danish | silke. (various references) | |
Dutch | zijde, zij (she, they). (various references) | |
Esperanto | silko, silka (of silk, silk-, silken). (various references) | |
Faeroese | silki. (various references) | |
Farsi | پارچه ابریشمی , نخ ابریشم مخصوص طراحی , نخ ابریشم , لباس ابریشمی , ابریشم . (various references) | |
Finnish | silkkinen (silky), silkki, lanka (cotton, thread, wire, yarn). (various references) | |
French | soie, soyeux (of silk, silk-, silken, silkily, silky). (various references) | |
Frisian | siden (of silk, silk-, silken), side (page). (various references) | |
German | Seide (pongee), seiden (of silk, silk-, silken, silks). (various references) | |
Greek | μετάξι. (various references) | |
Hebrew | משי (satin). (various references) | |
Hungarian | selyem. (various references) | |
Icelandic | silki. (various references) | |
Indonesian | sutera (crape). (various references) | |
Italian | seta. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 絹 , 絹布 (silk cloth), 絹布 (silk cloth), 絹 , シリンダー錠 (cylinder lock, silhouette, silhouetter, silk screen, silky). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | きぬ, シルク , けんぷ (silk cloth). (various references) | |
Korean | 실크 (silks). (various references) | |
Manx | sheeidey. (various references) | |
Mohawk | kanheks. (various references) | |
Norwegian | silke. (various references) | |
Papago | maskal (bandana). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ilksay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | seda. (various references) | |
Romanian | mãtase (silk stuff), mãtãsuri, ţesãturi de mãtase. (various references) | |
Romansch | saida. (various references) | |
Romany | kesh. (various references) | |
Russian | шелк. (various references) | |
Scottish | sròl (banner, crape, gauze, satin), sìoda. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | svilen (flossy, silken), svila. (various references) | |
Spanish | seda. (various references) | |
Sranan | sekrosi. (various references) | |
Swedish | silke (silk yarn, spun silk), siden. (various references) | |
Tagalog | séda. (various references) | |
Thai | เส้นไหม, เกี่ยวกับผ้าไหม, ผ้าไหม, ซังข้าวโพด (cob). (various references) | |
Turkish | satensi parlaklık, kraliyet avukatı, ipekli (sericeous, silken, silky), ipek cüppe (silk gown), ipek, örümcek ağı ipi. (various references) | |
Turkmen | яьpek. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | шовкове волокно, шовковий, шовк. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tơ. (various references) | |
Welsh | sidan. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | bombycinus, serica. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Proverbs Chapter 31, Verse 22 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | DissaV clainaV epoihsen tw andri authV ek de bussou kai porfuraV eauth endumata |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Mem stragulam vestem fecit sibi byssus et purpura indumentum eius |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Men. A rai cloth she made to hir; bijs and purpre the clothing of hir. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her clothing is silk and purple. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her clothing is silk and purple. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | She makes for herself cushions of needlework; her clothing is fair linen and purple. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Proverbs Chapter 31, Verse 22 |
| Cebuano | Siya nagabuhat alang sa iyang kaugalingon ug mga alfombra; Ang iyang saput lino nga manipis ug purpura. |
| Croatian | Sama sebi šije pokrivaèe, odijeva se lanom i purpurom. |
| Danish | Tæpper laver hun sig, hun er klædt i Byssus og Purpur. |
| Dutch | Mem. Zij maakt voor zich tapijtsieraad; haar kleding is fijn linnen en purper. |
| Finnish | Hän valmistaa itsellensä peitteitä; hienoa pellavaa ja punapurppuraa on hänen pukunsa. |
| French | Elle se fait des couvertures, Elle a des vêtements de fin lin et de pourpre. |
| German | Sie macht sich selbst Decken; feine Leinwand und Purpur ist ihr Kleid. |
| Haitian Creole | Li fè kouvèti lenn pou kabann yo. Tout rad li yo fèt ak twal wouj tise byen sere. |
| Hungarian | Szõnyegeket csinál magának; patyolat és bíbor az õ öltözete. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Ia sendiri yang membuat permadaninya; pakaiannya dari kain lenan ungu yang mewah. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka diperbuatnya bagi dirinya perhiasan permadani, dan pakaiannya dari pada kain halus yang ungu warnanya. |
| Italian | Si fa delle coperte, di lino e di porpora sono le sue vesti. |
