Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Shortcoming

Definition: Shortcoming

Shortcoming

Noun

1. A failing or deficiency; "that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "shortcoming" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1615. (references)


Synonym: Shortcoming

Synonym: defect (n). (additional references)

Top     

Synonyms within Context: Shortcoming

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Imperfection

Fault, defect, weak point; screw loose; flaw; (break); gap; twist; taint, attainder; bar sinister, hole in one's coat; blemish; weakness; half blood; shortcoming; drawback; seamy side.

Incompleteness

Noun: incompleteness; Adjective: deficiency, short measure; shortcoming; insufficiency; imperfection; immaturity; (nonpreparation); half measures.

Inequality

Noun: inequality; disparity, imparity; odds; difference; unevenness; inclination of the balance, partiality, bias, weight; shortcoming; casting weight, make-weight; superiority; inferiority; inequation.

Inferiority

Noun: inferiority, minority, subordinacy; shortcoming, deficiency; minimum; smallness; imperfection; lower quality, lower worth.

Insufficiency

Noun: insufficiency; inadequacy, inadequateness; incompetence; (impotence); deficiency; (incompleteness); imperfection; shortcoming; paucity; stint; scantiness; (smallness); none to spare, bare subsistence.

Noncompletion

Noun: noncompletion, nonfulfillment; shortcoming; incompleteness; drawn battle, drawn game; work of Penelope.

Shortcoming

Noun: shortcoming, failure; falling short; Verb: default, defalcation; leeway; labor in vain, no go.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Top     

Crosswords: Shortcoming

Specialty definitions using "shortcoming": Cray instabilityLaspeyres index. (references)

Top     

Non-Fiction Usage: Shortcoming

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

An additional shortcoming of current approaches to TBI rehabilitation involves limited opportunities for decision-making by persons with TBI and their families. (references)

The original case definition had at least one other major shortcoming, in that it failed to provide any guidelines for performing comparative studies of CFS with other illnesses marked by severe chronic fatigue. (references)

Economic History

Kazakhstan

However, lasting adequate enforcement remains a critical shortcoming. (references)

Brazil

The shortcoming in funds made available to the public health sector has been aggravated in recent years by the fact that the Brazilian population is growing older. (references)

Poland

Intellectual Property Rights: In early 2000 Poland passed major new legislation governing intellectual property rights, bringing Poland into compliance with its obligations under the WTO TRIPS Agreement and to the EU. Amendments to the 1994 Copyright Law extended coverage to pre-1974 sound recordings, removing a major shortcoming in Polish law. (references)

Trade

Pakistan

One shortcoming of this system is that non-performing loans can be "rolled over" indefinitely, so that a bank's balance sheet may not accurately reflect the viability of its outstanding loans. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top     

Usage Frequency: Shortcoming

"Shortcoming" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Shortcoming" is used about 50 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)100%5048,117

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Top     

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Shortcoming

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

shortcoming

4

fiscal policy shortcoming

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Modern Translations: Shortcoming

Language Translations for "shortcoming"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

mungesë (absence, absentness, dearth, deficiency, deficit, destitution, lack, Miss, non-attendance, poverty, scarcity, short-fall, want, Wantage), e metë (blemish, defect, deficit, demerit, disfigurement, failing, fault, feebleness, flaw, handicap, limitations, weakness), cen (blemish, blot, defect, deficit, demerit, disablement, disfigurement, flaw, imperfection, malformation, vice). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏موطن ضعف (want, weakness), ‏نقص (allow, cut, cut down, decrease, deficiency, depress, deprivation, detract, diminish, diminution, disadvantage, drawback, failing, famish, flaw, gap, imperfection, incompetence, insufficiency, knock off, lack, lessen, limit, lower, paucity, rareness, reduce, reduction, retrench, revocation, scantiness, scarcity, shortage, thin), ‏غضاضة (fault), ‏عيب (blemish, blot, blotch, deformity, demerit, disgrace, failing, fault, flaw, imperfection, infirmity, stain, vice, want). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

слабост (asthenia, crack, debility, demerit, failing, fancy, feebleness, flabbiness, frailness, frailty, impotence, impotency, inanition, infirmity, insufficiency, leanness, partiality, poorness, tenderness, tenuity, weakness), несправяне, недостатък (blemish, debit, defect, deficiency, demerit, disadvantage, disfiguration, drawback, failing, fault, flaw, hole, imperfection, kink, objection, vice, weakness), липса (absence, default, defect, deficiency, failure, lack, penury, poverty, privation, scarcity, shortage, stringency, ullage, want), дефект (blemish, defect, demerit, fault, imperfection, vice). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

缺點 (fault, weak point), 缺点 (Drawback, fault, flaw, Flawing, imperfection). (various references)

   

Czech

  

nedostatek (absence, defect, deficiency, deficit, demerit, drawback, failing, failure, fault, inadequacy, insufficiency, lack, non-availability, penury, poverty, privation, scarcity, shortage, want). (various references)

   

Danish

  

mangel (absence, deficiency, lack, shortage). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

gemis (absence, deficiency, lack, shortage), gebrek (absence, damage, deficiency, lack, poverty, shortage, vice), euvel (absence, abuse, deficiency, lack, shortage), afwezigheid (absence, absentness, deficiency, lack, non-attendance, shortage). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

manko (absence, lack, shortage). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

نکته ضعف , کمبود (Dearth, Deficiency, Deficit, Leakage, Shortage), کاستی (Defect), قصور (Debt, Default, Delinquency, Negligence). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

puute (defect, deficiency, deprivation, failing, lack, shortage, want), heikko puoli (disadvantage, drawback, failing, weak point). (various references)

   

French

  

manque (shortage), défaut (shortage). (various references)

   

Frisian

  

brekme (absence, deficiency, lack, shortage). (various references)

   

German

  

Manko (absence, deficiency, deficit, lack, shortage), Mangel (absence, dearth, default, defect, deficiency, deficit, desideratum, drought, fault, flaw, imperfection, lack, mangle, need, paucity, penury, poverty, privation, privations, rotary iron, scarcities, scarcity, shortage, vise, want), Fehler (aberration, absence, blemish, bug, defect, deficiency, demerits, error, failing, fault, flaw, flaws, lack, lapse, misstep, mistake, mistakes, nonconformance, shortage, slip, slipup, solecism, trip, vise). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

έλλειψη (absence, dearth, default of, defect, deficiency, ellipse, failing, lack, scarcity, shortage, shortage of, want), ατέλεια (blemish, defect, deficiency, fault, flaw, imperfection, imperfectness, incompleteness, sketchiness), αδυναμία (debility, delicacy, feebleness, flabbiness, foible, frailness, frailty, inability, infirmity, languor, puniness, weakliness, weakness). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מ'בל" (deficiency, limitation, restriction), מ'רעת (defect, demerit, disadvantage, fault), לקוי (blemish, defect, defective, deficiency, deficient, eclipse, failing, failure, fault, faulty, ill, imperfection, inadequacy, inadequate, spoilt, stricken, unsound, vicious, wanting), פ'ם (blemish, blot, defect, fault, flaw, impair, imperfection, notch, weakness), חסרון (defect, deficiency, disadvantage, drawback, loss, omission, want). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

hiba (aberration, blemish, bloomer, blooper, blue, bobble, clinker, default, demerit, error, failing, failure, fault, flaw, flub-up, glitch, inaccuracy, lapse, malformation, mischief, mistake, trouble, wrong). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

kelemahan (debility, infirmity, weakness), celaan (censure, demunciation, depracation, reproach, talking-to). (various references)

   

Italian

  

mancanza (absence, default, defect, deficiency, failing, failure, fault, lack, Lacuna, lapse, shortage, want). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

결손. (various references)

   

Manx

  

loght (crime, default, fault, flaw, guilt, iniquity, serious offence, transgression, trespass, vice). (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

manko (absence, deficiency, lack, shortage). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ortcomingshay

   

Polish

  

brak (absence, deficiency, lack, shortage). (various references)

   

Portuguese

  

insuficiência (defect, failure, inadequacy, incompetent, insufficient, paucity, scarcity), imperfeição (acerbity, defect, failing, flaw, imperfection, inadequate, lameness, roughness), falta (absence, default, deficiency, fail, failing, fault, forfeit, foul, guilt, lack, Lacuna, miss, mistake, need, non attendance, omission, paucity, penurity, penury, privation, scarcity, shortage, slip, want, Wantage), falha (absence, blister, brack, break, defect, fail, failure, fault, flaw, imperfection, lack, Miss, muff, rift, rub), deficiência (badness, brack, deficiency, deficit, failing, liable, malformation, vice, want), defeito (aberration, abuse, blemish, blister, blot, bug, defect, error, failing, fault, flaw, frailty, imperfection, malformed, mistake, taint, vice, weakness). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

smintealã (damage, defect, Folly, harm, hindrance, lunacy, madness, mistake), slãbiciune (debility, decrepitude, defect, droop, failing, faintness, feebleness, flimsiness, foible, infirmity, languor, leanness, liking, propensity, tenuity, weakness), scãdere (abstraction, decline, decrease, deduction, defect, deficiency, degression, derogation, diminution, drawback, drop, fall, lessening, reduction, remission, subtraction), neajuns (defect, deficiency, difficulty, drawback, lack, mischief, out, trouble), neîndestulare (scarcity, shortage), lipsã (absence, blemish, dearth, default, defect, deficiency, demerit, destitution, drawback, failure, fault, gap, hardship, imperfection, lack, minus, mistake, necessity, neediness, out, paucity, penury, poverty, privation, scantiness, scarceness, shortage, stinginess, stringency, vice, want), insuficienţã (deficiency, inadequacy, insufficiency, paucity, shortage, tenuity, want), greşealã (aberration, blemish, bloomer, blunder, defect, drawback, error, failing, fault, flaw, lapse, miscarriage, mistake, rub, sin, slip, trespass, wrong), deficit (deficiency, deficit, shortage), deficienţã (deficiency, demerit, drawback, imperfection), defect (defect, deficiency, demerit, drawback, failing, fault, flaw, hole, imperfection, infelicity, lame, ulcer, vice, want, weakness), cusur (blemish, defect, drawback, failing, fault, flaw, foible, vice, weakness), codiţã (defect, flourish, sycophant). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

недостаток (blemish, dearth, default, defect, deficiency, demerit, destitution, disadvantage, drawback, failing, failure, fault, flaw, lack, letdown, minus, objection, penury, privation, scarcity, shortage, vice, want). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

mana (blemish, defect, drawback, failing, fault, flaw, foible, imperfection, manna, mar). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

falta (absence, bankruptcy, dearth, default, defect, deficiency, deficit, error, fail, failing, fault, foul, infringement, is lacking, lack, lapse, misdemeanor, misdemeanour, mistake, need, out of, paucity, shortage, shortness, slip, want). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

brist (absence, dearth, defect, deficiency, deficit, demerit, desideratum, destitution, disadvantage, failing, failure, fault, flaw, imperfection, lack, need, poverty, scarcity, scarity, shortage, short-fall, want, warp), misslyckande (abortion, bomb, bust, failure, fiasco, frost, naught). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

noksan (defect, deficiency, gappy, lack, wanting), kusur (blame, blemish, cavil, culpability, defalcation, default, defect, deficiency, demerit, failing, failure, fault, flaw, freckle, gaff, imperfection, inaccuracy, infirmity, remissness, scar, stigma, taint, vice), ihmal (carelessness, criminal neglect, delinquency, disregard, failure, forgetfulness, inattention, neglect, negligence, omission, remissness), eksiklik (dearth, defalcation, defect, defectiveness, deficiency, deficit, desideratum, failing, failure, flimsiness, imperfection, inadequacy, incompetence, insufficiency, lack, Lacuna, lameness, negation, poverty, shortage, shortness, sketchiness, void), açik (above-board, absence, bright, clear, clearly, deficiency, deficit, distinct, free, lack, light, obvious, of course, open, plain, serene, shortage, sincere, unbiased, unchecked, untroubled, vacant). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

вада (blemish, blur, defect, demerit, disfiguration, disfigurement, fault, weakness), недостача (absence, dearth, failure, lack, need, non-availability, penury, poverty, scarcity, shortage, shortfall, shortness, want), недолік (blemish, defect, deficiency, deficit, dereliction, disadvantage, drawback, failing, imperfection, infirmity, lapse, minus, negative, objection, out, preterition, take off, vice, wrinkle), провина (blame, defalcation, delinquency, error, misbehavior, misbehaviour, misconduct, offence, offense, peccancy, sin, transgression, wickedness, wrong doing). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

thiếu sót (defect, hole, imperfection, limitation), nhược điểm (blemish, defect, failing, frailty), khuyết điểm. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top     

Derivations: Shortcoming

Derivations

Words beginning with "shortcoming": shortcomings. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top     

Rhyming with "Shortcoming"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "shortcoming" (pronounced shô"rtku'ming)
5-k u' m i nghomecoming, incoming, oncoming, overcoming, upcoming.
3-m i ngacclaiming, affirming, aiming, alarming, arming, assuming, barnstorming, beaming, becoming, blaming, blooming, blossoming, bombing, booming, bottoming, brainstorming, brimming, calming, charming, claiming, climbing, combing, coming, condemning, confirming, conforming, consuming, cramming, damming, damning, daydreaming, deprogramming, diagraming, dimming, disarming, disclaiming, dooming, dreaming, drumming, dumbing, embalming, exclaiming, farming, filming, firebombing, firming, flaming, foaming, forming, forthcoming, framing, fuming, gaming, gleaming, gloaming, grooming, harming, heartwarming, helming, hemming, homing, humming, inflaming, informing, jamming, lambing, lemming, liming, looming, maiming, mainstreaming, misinforming, mushrooming, naming, nonperforming, numbing, outperforming, overwhelming, performing, plumbing, presuming, priming, proclaiming, programing, programming, ramming, reaffirming, rearming, reclaiming, redeeming, reforming, renaming, reprogramming, resuming, rhyming, roaming, rooming, scheming, screaming, seeming, shaming, skimming, slamming, slimming, squirming, steaming, stemming, storming, streaming, strumming, succumbing, summing, swarming, swimming, taming, teaming, teeming, terming, thumbing, timing, transforming, trimming, unassuming, unbecoming, vacuuming, warming, welcoming, zooming.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Top     

Anagrams: Shortcoming

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "c-g-h-i-m-n-o-o-r-s-t"

-2 letters: chromings, cohosting, motorings, orthicons, smooching, smoothing.

-3 letters: choosing, chorions, chrismon, chroming, hormonic, hornitos, isochron, monitors, mooching, moorings, motoring, omicrons, orthicon, roosting, scooting, shooting, shorting, soothing, storming, torching, torchons.

-4 letters: chitons, choring, chorion, chrisom, chromos, cistron, citrons, cogitos, cohorts, comings, consort, cortins, coshing, costing, crimson, crotons, gnomish, gnomist, gnostic, gothics, hooting, hornist, hornito, horsing.

 Words containing the letters "c-g-h-i-m-n-o-o-r-s-t"
 

+1 letter: shortcomings.

 

+4 letters: pharmacognostic.

 

+5 letters: chymotrypsinogen.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Top     

Alternative Orthography: Shortcoming


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

53 68 6F 72 74 63 6F 6D 69 6E 67

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

...    ....    ---    .-.    -    -.-.    ---    --    ..    -.    --.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010011 01101000 01101111 01110010 01110100 01100011 01101111 01101101 01101001 01101110 01100111

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#83 &#104 &#111 &#114 &#116 &#99 &#111 &#109 &#105 &#110 &#103

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0053 0068 006F 0072 0074 0063 006F 006D 0069 006E 0067

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

5374818486698179758073

Top     

 

INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Quotations: Non-fiction
5. Usage Frequency
6. Expressions: Internet
7. Translations: Modern
8. Derivations
9. Rhymes
10. Anagrams
11. Orthography
12. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
‏الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô, for esperanto;
Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Fries, фризийски, фризиец, Frison, Frysk, Friese, fríz, frisone, Freeshlannish, Freeshlannagh, frisão, frizian, фризский, фриз, frizijac, frizijski, frisio, fris, frizye'li kimse, frizye'li, frizye dili, frizye ile ilgili, фризький, фризька мова, for Frisian;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, ‏يهودي, ‏عبري, ‏اليهودية, ‏اللغة العبرية, ‏العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Indonesies, indonezian, ‏الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, ‏اللغة الأندونيسية, Indonesiu, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亚语, 印度尼西亞語 , indonéský, indonéština, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesiskt, indonesialainen, indonésien, Yndonesysk, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, Indtasisian, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, indones, Indonesyo, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійський, індонезійська мова, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a, for Indonesian;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
korean, ‏كوري شمالي, ‏اللغة الكورية, ‏كوري جنوبي, ‏كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean;
gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manský, manština, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, Manninish, Manninagh, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man dili, man adası, менський діалект, менський, for manx;
Pools, polonisht, polak, përmirësoj, ‏صقل, ‏هذب, ‏حك, ‏بولندي, ‏جلو, ‏جلا, ‏جود, ‏أنهاه بسرعة, ‏رقة, ‏حسن, ‏نظف بشدة, ‏لمع الجلد, ‏لمع, ‏ورنشة, ‏مادة ملمعة, ‏تهذيب, ‏مسح, ‏اللغة البولندية, ‏دهان الأحذية, Polacu, лъскавина, лъскам се, лъскам, лакирам, лак, изисканост, полиране, полирам, политура, подобрявам, изтънченост, изглаждам, излъскване, полски, гланц, елегантност, лустро, шлифовам, полски език, шлифовка, поправям, излъскам, блясък, Polandino, 磨光 , 琢磨 , 波蘭語 , "亮剂, 劖 , polština, polský, pudsemiddel til fodtoej, polermiddel, politur, polere, schoensmeer, pussa, pólska, pólskur, kiillottaa, polir, Poalsk, polieren, στίλβωση, στιλβώνω, λουστράρω, פול י, פול ית, לצחצח, ל"בריק, לשפשף, לשוף, צחצוח, למרוק, לטוש, ל"ב"יק, לתמרט, ללטש, למרק, למרוט, lengyel, lucentezza, 光沢 , すい"う, ポーランド", とぎ, たくま, せ"れ", "うたく, みがき, 광택, cur sollyssid er, gloasey, Polynnish, scooirey, follid, gloas, gloasaghey, sollyssid, polako, pòlshi, pòlesh, polski, polonés, polonez, polon, полировать, полировка, польский, польский язык, лоск, обделать, глянец, отделка, вычистить, snasaich, lìomh, pasta za cipele, polirati, politirati, politura, poljski, poljski jezik, polaco, limpiar, polera, polsk, parlaklık, perdah, polonya dili, perdahlamak, parlatma, parlatmak, polonyalı, Polonyali, polonya, політура, поліровка, полірування, полірувати, польський, польська мова, обтісувати, робити вишуканим, лиск, шліфувати, тонкість, vẻ thanh nhã, nước láng nước đánh bóng, nước bóng, vẻ tao nhã, llathru, caboli, gloywi, for Polish;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;
Vietnamees, vietnamez, vietnamisht, виетнамски език, виетнамски, Vietnamis, 越南語 , 越南 , 越南语, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamec, vietnamština, vietnameser, vjetmanskt, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, Fjetnameesk, vietnamese, vietnamesisch, Vietnamesin, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnam, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt, for Vietnamese;