Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Shock |
ShockNoun1. The feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally; "his mother's deathleft him in a daze"; "he was numb with shock". 2. The violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat. 3. A reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body. 4. (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor. 5. An instance of agitation of the earth's crust. 6. An unpleasant or disappointing surprise; "it came as a shock to learn that he was injured". 7. A pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field. 8. A bushy thick mass (especially hair); "he had an unruly shock of black hair". 9. A mechanical damper; absorbs energy of sudden impulses. Verb1. Surprise greatly; knock someone's socks off. 2. Strike with disgust or revulsion; "The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends". 3. Strike with horror or terror; "The news of the bombing shocked her". 4. Collide violently. 5. Collect or gather into shocks; "shock grain". 6. Subject to electrical shocks. 7. Inflict a trauma upon. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "shock" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | 1. = shock wave. 2. A blow, impact, collision, or violent jar. 3. A sudden agitation of the mental or emotional state or an event causing it.4. The sudden stimulation caused by an electrical discharge on the animal or human organism (e.g., electric shock). (references) |
Food & Agriculture | Pile of sheaves of grain set up in a field. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury ; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience ; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions:sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. It occurs when blood pressure is inadequate to force blood through the vital tissues ; severe physical and mental disturbance of the body's physiological mechanisms due to extensive blood loss, or head injury, or electrolyte imbalance, or toxaemia or other similar serious assaults on the body, needing immediate treatment. Source: European Union. (references) |
Space | A sudden transition at the front of fast flow of plasma or gas, when that flow moves too fast for the undisturbed gas to move out of its way. Also occurs when a steady fast flow hits an obstacle. (references) |
Transportation | The time rate of change of acceleration or deceleration. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is about medicine. For the concept of shock in physics and mechanics, see Shock (mechanics).
Note: Wikipedia does not provide medical advice. If you have a medical problem, you should seek expert help.
In medicine, shock is a life-threatening medical emergency characterized by profoundly low blood pressure and tissue hypoperfusion. It may progress to death unless there is immediate outside intervention.
Some common causes of shock:
- hypovolemic shock is caused by loss of blood volume. It is necessary to immediately control any bleeding. Intravenous fluids and/or blood transfusions may be needed to save the person's life.
- septic shock is caused by overwhelming infection and is treated by massive doses of antibiotics. Septic shock is often fatal.
- cardiogenic shock is hypotension caused by the failure of the heart to pump effectively. This can be due to damage to the heart muscle, most often from a large myocardial infarction, or to mechanical impairment of the heart's ability to pump blood (cardiac tamponade).
- anaphylaxis is also sometimes called anaphylactic shock and is caused by allergens which trigger tissue swelling that can block the airway and cause suffocation.
Symptoms and signs
The signs and symptoms of shock include pallor, hypotension, tachycardia, cold and clammy extremities and altered mental state.
Sometimes, in cases of septic or toxic shock, the patient's hands and feet may initially be warm rather than cold and become clammy as the toxins cause peripheral vasodilatation.
Treatment
The proper treatment of shock is vital in the performance of first aid and comprises an essential part of the duties of the emergency medical technician, nurse, paramedic and doctor.
Quick diagnosis is of key importance. Resuscitation should be started immediately, the modality of which depends on the patient's requirements. Virtually all patients with shock will require some kind of intravenous access; obtaining venous access quickly is of paramount importance. Most people in shock require intravenous fluids. However, under certain circumstances such as in cardiogenic shock, too much fluid can be fatal, so a knowledgeable professional rather than a lay person should make these decisions.
Prognosis
Shock is sometimes classified into two stages - reversible shock and irreversible shock. The distinction between reversible and irreversible shock is clinical (and sometimes retrospective) - reversible shock is potentially treatable whereas irreversible shock inevitably leads to death. Most cases of untreated reversible shock will progress to irreversible shock within about six hours of onset.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Shock."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mechanics, a shock is a sudden acceleration or deceleration caused, for example, by impact or explosion. Shock is measured in the same units as acceleration, i.e. meters per second per second.Sometimes, for convenience, the magnitude of a shock is stated as a multiple of the acceleration due to free fall in the Earth's gravity, a quantity with the symbol g having the value 9.80665 m·s-2. Thus a shock of "2g" is equivalent to about 19.6 m·s-2.
The symbol g used above must not be confused with the same symbol g meaning gram, 1/1000th of a kilogram.
A variety of shock absorbers are used to reduce the strength of shocks in machinery.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Shock (mechanics)."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| SH ABS | English | Shock absorber | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ShockSynonyms: blow (n), cushion (n), daze (n), electric shock (n), electrical shock (n), impact (n), seismic disturbance (n), shock absorber (n), stupor (n), appal (v), appall (v), ball over (v), blow out of the water (v), floor (v), offend (v), outrage (v), scandalise (v), scandalize (v), stun (v), take aback (v), traumatise (v), traumatize (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Agitation | Noun: agitation, stir, tremor, shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion, trepidation, quiver, quaver, dance; quassation; shuffling c. Verb: twitter, flicker, flutter. |
Assemblage | Group, cluster, Pleiades, clump, pencil; set, batch, lot, pack; budget, assortment, bunch; parcel; packet, package; bundle, fascine, fasces, bale; seron, seroon; fagot, wisp, truss, tuft; shock, rick, fardel, stack, sheaf, fascicle, fascicule, fasciculus, gavel, hattock, stook. |
Disapprobation | Incur blame, excite disapprobation, scandalize, shock, revolt; get a bad name, forfeit one's good opinion, be under a cloud, come under the ferule, bring a hornet's nest about one's ears. |
Discord | Noun: disagreement; discord, disaccord, dissidence, dissonance; jar, clash, shock; jarring, jostling; Verb: screw loose. |
Dislike | Cause dislike, excite dislike; disincline, repel, sicken; make sick, render sick; turn one's stomach, nauseate, wamble, disgust, shock, stink in the nostrils; go against the grain, go against the stomach; stick in the throat; make one's blood run cold; (give pain); pall. |
Excitation | Agitate, perturb, ruffle, fluster, shake, disturb, startle, shock, stagger; give one a shock, give one a turn; strike all of a heap; stun, astound, electrify, galvanize, petrify. |
Feeling | Blush, suffusion, flush; hectic; tingling, thrill, turn, shock; agitation; (irregular motion); quiver, heaving, flutter, flurry, fluster, twitter, tremor; throb, throbbing; pulsation, palpitation, panting; trepidation, perturbation; ruffle, hurry of spirits, pother, stew, ferment; state of excitement. |
Impulse | Percussion, concussion, collision, occursion, clash, encounter, cannon, carambole, appulse, shock, crash, bump; impact; elan; charge; (attack); beating; (punishment). |
Inexpectation | Surprise, sudden burst, thunderclap, blow, shock, start; bolt out of the blue; wonder; eye opener. |
Pain | Sicken, disgust, revolt, nauseate, disenchant, repel, offend, shock, stink in the nostrils; go against the stomach, turn the stomach; make one sick, set the teeth on edge, go against the grain, grate on the ear; stick in one's throat, stick in one's gizzard; rankle, gnaw, corrode, horrify, appal, appall, freeze the blood; make the flesh creep, make the hair stand on end; make the blood curdle, make the blood run cold; make one shudder. |
Care, anxiety, solicitude, trouble, trial, ordeal, fiery ordeal, shock, blow, cark, dole, fret, burden, load. | |
Violence | Severity; ferocity, rage, fury; exacerbation, exasperation, malignity; fit, paroxysm; orgasm, climax, aphrodisia; force, brute force; outrage; coup de main; strain, shock, shog; spasm, convulsion, throe; hysterics, passion; (state of excitability). |
Break out, fly out, burst out; bounce, explode, go off, displode, fly, detonate, thunder, blow up, crump, flash, flare, burst; shock, strain; break open, force open, prize open. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I would if it didn't give me a shock every time I come near it (Driving Miss Daisy; writing credit: Alfred Uhry) You know, if I ever saw you do something that wasn't ninety percent selfish, I'd die of shock. (Clueless; writing credit: Amy Heckerling.) Well Sinead O'Rebellion, shock me, shock me, shock me with that deviant behavior (Empire Records; writing credit: Carol Heikkinen) What a shock. (Charmed; writing credit: Colman deKay) She's in total shock, you can't do that (The Haunting; writing credit: David Self) | |
Lyrics | Did you stand there in shock at the sight of that black smoke (Where Were You (When The World Stopped Turning); performing artist: Alan Jackson) Life will deliver a shock that will shiver (Love will turn; performing artist: Kenny Rogers) You shock me to the core, you shock me to the core (Crystal; performing artist: New Order) 'Cos I'm one of a kind and I'll shock your mind ("Rapper's Delight"; performing artist: Sugarhill Gang) | |
Clever | The memory of bad quality lasts longer than the shock of high prices. (references; author: unknown) | |
Tongue Twisters | Susan shineth shoes and socks; socks and shoes shines Susan. She ceased shining shoes and socks, for shoes and socks shock Susan. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Columbo: Double Shock (1973) Scenes From the Life of Shock Workers (1972) Shock Treatment (1964) Shell Shock (1963) Shock Corridor (1963) | |
Song Titles | SHOCK THE MONKEY (performing artist: Peter Gabriel ) State Of Shock (performing artist: The Jacksons) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Associated with outbreak of toxic shock syndrome. Credit: CDC. |  | Towed sub-bottom profiler with shock absorber cables Used on MT. MITCHELL. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Plate 3. Using the Hodges shock absorber in order to bring a dredge trawl back aboard H. M. S. PORCUPINE [after Sir Wyville Thomson, 1873.]. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Figure 21. Model of Hodge's shock absorber or accumulator. This device was invented in 1852 by Richard Edward Hodges. It was used to aid in launching and retrieving heavy objects suspended from cables or ropes, particularly when a vessel is subject to motion if the seas are high. It was first used in oceanographic work off H. M. S. HYDRA in 1867. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Workers electro shock fishing. Credit: Carol Kauder. |  | Albany Medical College Shock Unit. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | U.S. Army, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, CO. : Shell Shock Serenaders, Broadcasting. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Pignapoke receives a shock. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Constance Towers plays a striptease dancer in the film drama "Shock Corridor". Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Oats in the shock. La Plata County, Colorado. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Lightning shock - 2" by Ruud De Jong Commentary: "Photo taken with a Canon Powershot A70." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Skidded; skidding; skid; car accident; crash; automobile accident; impact; collision; accident; crunch; smash; smashed; smashing; fender tag; fender-bender; pileup; ram; rear-ender; shock; sideswipe; smash; smash-up; stack-up; thud; thump; total; washout. | | Terror; alarm; anxiety; consternation; dismay; dread; fearfulness; fright; horror; intimidation; panic; shock; trepidation; trepid; fear; afraid. |
| Bonk; bang; bat; bell ringer; belt; biff; blow; buffet; bump; butt; chop; clash; clip; clout; collision; cuff; fisticuff; glance; haymaker; impact; knock; leather; lick; one-two; one-two punch; paste; pat; plunk; punch; rap; rap; roundhouse; shock; shot; . | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Henri Frederic Amiel | Without passion man is a mere latent force and possibility, like the flint which awaits the shock of the iron before it can give forth its spark. |
James Whitcomb Riley | O, it sets my heart a clickin' like the tickin' of a clock, when the frost is on the punkin and the fodder's in the shock. |
Jules Renard | Truth makes many appeals, not the least of which is its power to shock. |
Robert Browning | Oh the wild joys of living! The leaping from rock to rock ... the cool silver shock of the plunge in a pool's living waters. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | It had been serviceable in deadening the first shock, without retaining any influence to alarm |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | The woman gasped and put one hand to her heart, as if under some great shock of surprise |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He clutched the candle and put it on the mantel with such a shock that the flame was almost extinguished and the tallow was spattered upon the wall |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | She tried to arch her whole body as a rigid container to preserve her fetus from shock. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Schuchat A, Broome CV. Toxic Shock Syndrome and Tampons. (references) | |
Profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, circulatory collapse and shock. (references) | ||
STSS is a severe illness characterized by shock, multiorgan failure. (references) | ||
Business | There are relatively few shops offering glass work and shock absorber services. (references) | |
This is true, even if the entire industry is hit by an external or exogenous shock, such as an oil crisis or economic slowdown. (references) | ||
Import strengths for the U.S. include universal parts (driveshafts), electrical motor parts (mainly fuses), batteries, brakes, and shock absorbers. (references) | ||
Children | Canada | They charge that the Government is responsible for the abuse that they received in the Catholic Church-run institutions, including beatings, electric shock treatment, and sexual abuse. (references) |
Economic History | Guyana | Political unrest following the December 1997 elections sent shock waves through an already weakening economy. (references) |
Bolivia | The highly successful shock treatment that restored Bolivia's financial system also led to some unrest and temporary social dislocation. (references) | |
Human Rights | Uzbekistan | Police also used suffocation, electric shock, rape, and other sexual abuse. (references) |
Bangladesh | Torture may consist of threats, beatings and, occasionally, the use of electric shock. (references) | |
Rwanda | While in detention, he was interrogated and allegedly subjected to electric shock torture. (references) | |
Political Economy | POLAND | Prices: Most price subsidies and controls disappeared during Poland's 1990 economic shock therapy, although those on public transportation, coal, and some pharmaceuticals continue. (references) |
Trade | Korea | After the 1997-98 economic shock, the government decided that its foreign loan system was distorted, and eased its restrictions on foreign long-term credit. (references) |
Singapore | The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) mark is a compulsory stamp of approval given by the PSB to ensure that consumers are safe from hazards such as fire, explosion and electrical shock when using these appliances. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | Women must be mistaking selfishness for shock. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | The frequent destruction of innocent women and children, who are chiefly the victims of retaliation, must continue to shock humanity, and an enormous expense to drain the Treasury of the Union. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | We last met in an hour of shock and suffering. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Shock" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 95.91% of the time. "Shock" is used about 4,298 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 95.91% | 4,123 | 2,385 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 3.83% | 165 | 24,305 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.26% | 11 | 106,044 |
| Total | 100.00% | 4,298 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "shock" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Shock | Last name | 1,000 | 13,410 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
1. Shock, WV |
Expressions using "shock": absorb the shock ♦ absorber shock ♦ absorbing shock ♦ administer a shock ♦ anaphylactic shock ♦ apoplectic shock ♦ bow shock ♦ bow shock wave ♦ cardiogenic shock ♦ compensated shock ♦ culture shock ♦ deferred shock ♦ delayed shock ♦ distributive shock ♦ electric shock ♦ electrical shock ♦ feature shock ♦ give a shock ♦ grazing shock wave ♦ haemorrhagic shock ♦ heat shock ♦ High-Energy Shock Waves ♦ hypovolaemic shock ♦ hypovolemic shock ♦ insulin shock ♦ insulin shock therapy ♦ insulin shock treatment ♦ mental shock ♦ metrazol shock ♦ metrazol shock therapy ♦ metrazol shock treatment ♦ obstructive shock ♦ pressurized thermal shock ♦ psychic shock ♦ reefed opening shock factor ♦ sense of shock ♦ shell shock ♦ shock absorber ♦ shock action ♦ shock body ♦ shock brigade ♦ shock carpet ♦ shock compensating rocker beam ♦ shock cord ♦ shock film ♦ shock front ♦ shock head ♦ shock jock ♦ shock novel ♦ shock of arms ♦ shock of hair ♦ shock reaction ♦ shock stall ♦ shock table ♦ shock tactics ♦ shock therapy ♦ shock treatment ♦ shock troops ♦ shock tube ♦ shock wave ♦ shock worker ♦ spinal shock ♦ steerable shock absorber ♦ steerable shock absorber strut ♦ tail shock wave ♦ toxic shock ♦ toxic shock syndrome ♦ traumatic shock ♦ vasogenic shock ♦ wind shock ♦ wood shock. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "shock": shock-absorbent, shock-absorber, shock-absorbers, shock-absorbing, shock-ads-for-profit, shock-associated, shock-avoidance, shock-corded, shock-darkened, shock-effects, shock-haired, Shock-head, shock-headed, shock-horror, shock-induced, shock-like, shock-proof, shock-reinforced, shock-resistance, shock-resistant, shock-screens, shock-tactic, shock-therapy, shock-treatment, shock-troop, shock-troops, shock-wave, shock-waves. | |
Ending with "shock": culture-shock, shell-shock, toxic-shock. | |
Containing "shock": Heat-Shock Proteins, Heat-Shock Proteins 70, Heat-Shock Proteins 90, Heat-Shock Response. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
shock wave | 15,333 | air shock | 227 |
shock wave game | 4,796 | kyb shock | 222 |
shock | 1,323 | dog shock collar | 217 |
shock wave download | 1,000 | shock collar | 216 |
shock wave player | 923 | system shock | 192 |
macromedia shock wave | 578 | fox shock | 174 |
g shock | 481 | gabriel shock | 156 |
rancho shock | 456 | koni shock | 150 |
monroe shock | 428 | shock wave arcade | 136 |
shock absorbers | 405 | online shock wave game | 133 |
shock wave com | 403 | shock wave player download | 130 |
toxic shock syndrome | 400 | culture shock | 128 |
shock wave.com | 371 | detroit shock | 126 |
bilstein shock | 342 | septic shock | 125 |
shock wave flash | 311 | shock and strut | 120 |
system shock 2 | 311 | truck shock | 119 |
macromedia shock wave player | 281 | shock wave tetris | 114 |
casio g shock | 269 | shock testing | 114 |
g shock watch | 261 | shock wave plugin | 111 |
free shock wave game | 240 | static shock | 111 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "shock"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | skok (agitate, shake). (various references) | |
Albanian | trondit (appal, appall, concuss, overwhelm, rattle, shake, shake up, stagger, stir, touch), perçe (veil, yashmak), mbledh vandak, goditje (assault, bang, bash, batting, beat, biff, blow, buffet, bump, cant, chop, clean and jerk, clip, dash, dint, drive, fib, flap, hit, ictus, impingement, incitement, infliction, jab, joggle, jolt, knock, knocking, lick, percussion, poke, pound, push, slat, sock, stimulus, strike, stroke, thrust, thwack, tremor, welt), godit (bash, beat, biff, buffet, bump, butt, clip, clout, conk, deal, defeat, hit, impinge, instigate, joggle, jostle, knock, pound, shove, slam, smite, stab, strike, tap, thrash, thwack, whack), drizë (bramble, brier, shaggy, stubbly, undergrowth), demet (truss). (various references) | |
Arabic | سكتة دماغية (apoplexy), أصابه بصدمة, إصطدام (clash, smash), الإنسداد التاجي, ذهل (amaze, astonish, astound, bemuse, bewilder, bowl over, confound, distract, flabbergast, flummox, maze, shake, stagger, stun, stupefy, surprise, take a fancy to, taken aback, wonder), صدم (be shocked, bump, hit, offend, percuss, ram, strike, stub), صدم بعمل فاضح, صدمة (concussion, hit, impact, jar, jolt, stun, trauma), رجة (concussion, jerk, shake), صدمة كهربائية, كومة (bank, heap, mound, pack, pilau, pile, stack), تصادم (clash, collide, collision, impact, interfere, jar, jostle, meet), تكهرب (electrification), غيبوبة (coma, stupefaction, stupor, zombie), هز (agitate, bob, concuss, convulse, jolt, rattle, ring, rock, shake, stir, swing, twitter, vibrate, wag, waggle), هزة (concussion, jerk, jolt, jolting, shake, wag), مفاجئة (suddeness, treat), كتلة كثة, صدمة عصبية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | тласък (fillip, impetus, impulse, jerk, propulsion, pulse, push, shove, thrust, urge), причинявам електрически удар, причинявам шок, загуба (decrement, disadvantage, forfeiture, leak, leakage, loss, prejudice, wastage, waste), отвращавам (disgust, horrify, nauseate, pip, repel, repulse, revolt, sicken, turn off), вреда (damage, detriment, disadvantage, disservice, harm, hurt, ill, injury, mischief, noxiousness, prejudice, scathe), кръстец (groundsel, shook), потрисам (horrify), шокирам (jar, scandalize, stun), сътресение (commotion, concussion, convulsion, earthquake, jar, jolt, percussion, shake), разтърсване (bump, concussion, jounce, rouse, shake, turn), сблъсквам се (clash, collide, dash, foul, jar), сблъскване (conflict, crash, encounter, foul, impact, jar, jostle, percussion, smash), удар (bang, bat, blow, buff, buffet, butt, chop, clash, clump, counter, cut, dint, go off, hit, impact, impingement, jab, jar, keystroke, knock, pass, pelt, percussion, push, rap, shake, shy, smack, smash, strike, stroke, thrust, touch, turn, whack, whiplash, wipe), ударен (percussive, pulsatile, striking, strong), уплаха (affright, alarm, fright, jitters, scare, stir), ужасявам (appal, appall, horrify, terrify), шок (jar, jolt, knock, shake, turn). (various references) | |
Catalan | esmorteîdor (shock-absorber). (various references) | |
Chinese | 震动 (shake, shaken, shaking, shook), 震動 (shake), 震 (shake, sign in trigram). (various references) | |
Czech | rána (bang, bash, biff, blow, bounce, clout, hit, knock, rap, report, shot, slap, slash, sock, strike, stroke, swipe, whack, whang, wound), pohoršit, otřes (percussion, shake, shaking), otřást (concuss, rock, shatter, thrill, unsettle), leknutí (fright, scare, start), dát elektrickou ránu, úder (beat, blow, buffet, bump, chop, coup, dash, hit, percussion, push, rap, stroke, swipe, thrust), šokovat (appal, horrify). (various references) | |
Danish | shock, ryste (agitate, quiver, shake, shiver, tremble). (various references) | |
Dutch | shock, schudden (abet, agitate, incite, shake, stir up), schokken (agitate, jerk, jolt, shake), opschudden (agitate, shake). (various references) | |
Esperanto | skui (shake), ŝoko, ŝoki. (various references) | |
Faeroese | skelka, skaka (agitate, shake), rista (agitate, engrave, shake). (various references) | |
Farsi | توده (Aggregate, Barrow, Bloc, Block, Bulk, Clot, Cob, Congeries, Gross, Heap, Hill, Lump, Mass, Midden, Oodles, Pile, Pyre, Rick, Riffraff, Stack, Volume, Wad), خرمن (Harvest, Stack), خرمن کردن , صدمه (Concussion, Disservice, Harm, Hurt, Indemnity, Injury, Maim, Scathe), ضربت سخت (Concussion, Slog, Swipe), ضربت سخت زدن (Slog), سراسیمه کردن (Agitate, Stun), دچارهراس سخت شدن , تصادم (Clash, Collission, Concussion, Smash), هول وهراس پیداکردن , توده کردن (Aggregate, Amass, Cumulate, Heap, Hill, Lump, Pack, Pile, Ruck, Stack, Stockpile), تلاطم (Lop, Ruffle, Seethe, Toss, Turbulence), تکان (Convulsion, Hustle, Jar, Jerk, Jolt, Jostle, Motion, Move, Movement, Rock, Shake, Stroke, Tremor, Wag), تکان سخت خوردن , لطمه (Brunt, Stroke), هراس ناگهانی , هول , تشنج سخت . (various references) | |
Finnish | tärähdys (clash, concussion, crack). (various references) | |
French | choquer, choc (mechanical shock), secousse (shake), secouer (shake, shake down, shake up). (various references) | |
German | Schock (jolt, three score), schlag (apoplectic fit, ball, bang, bash, beat, belt, bent, blow, bolt, buffet, chime, chop, clap, clout, clump, cosh, coup, cuff, fit, helping, hit, kick, kind, knock, lash, Pat, pelt, percussion, poke, pulsation, punch, putt, seizure, shot, slap, smack, smash, sock, sort, stinger, strike, stripe, stroke, stroke of apoplexy, swat, tack, tap, thud, thump, thwack, type, wallop), stoß (barge, batch, belch, biff, blast, blow, brunt, bump, burst, butt, dig, gasp, hit, impact, jab, jog, joint, jolt, kick, knock, mound, nudge, pile, poke, prod, punch, push, put, rush, selvage, shove, shunt, stab, stack, stope, stroke, throw, thrust, tilt, tremor, volley), hocke (crouch, shook, squat, squat vault, squatting position, stook, vault), Erschütterung (blow, commotion, concussion, convulsion, disruption, earthquake, jar, repercussion, tremor, vibration), erschüttern (agitate, cast doubt upon, convulse, jar, jerk, jolt, move, rock, shake, shatter, sicken, stir, to shake, to shake (shook, to shock, unsettle, upset). (various references) | |
Greek | κραδασμός (bump, vibration), κρούση (impact, percussion), σοκ (jar), θημωνιά (hay cock, hay stack, hayrick, haystack, stack, stook), δόνηση (tremor, vibrancy, vibration). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מכת חשמל, לשמם (alarm, stupefy), לחשמל (electrify), לזעזע (agitate, convulse, jar, jolt, shake, stagger, startle, stun), להשמים (alarm, be stupefied, horrify), להדהים (amaze, appal, appall, astonish, astound, bewilder, bowl over, dumbfound, flabbergast, perplex, stagger, stun, stupefy), לגרום הלם, תדהמה (astonishment, consternation, dismay, stupefaction), פלץ (shudder), פלצות (horror, shudder), זעזוע (agitation, concussion, convulsion, jerk, shake, start, thrill, tribulation, turbulence), הלם (jolt, strike, trauma), הזדעזעות (agitation, shaking), הדף (blast, recoil, repulsion), רעש (din, fuss, noise, stir, storm, tang, tumult, uproar). (various references) | |
Hungarian | sokk (concussion). (various references) | |
Indonesian | terkejut, kelompok (batch, bevy, category, clique, group), kejutan (impulse, jolt, surprise), goncangan (a jolt, a shake, shake, wadole), getaran (frequency, gyration, pulsation, quaver, quiver, trill, vibration). (various references) | |
Italian | shock, urto (bump, clash, collision, crash, dash, dig, hit, impact, jar, knock, push, shake, shove), scossa (jerk, jolt, quake, shake, toss), scandalizzare (be scandalized, horrify, scandalise, scandalize). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 震動 (impact, tremor), 驚がく (fright, surprise), 衝撃 (ballistic, crash, impact). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | きょうがく (coeducation, education and learning, fright, surprise), しょうげき (ballistic, crash, farce, impact), しんがい (48th of the sexagenary cycle, impairment, infringement, new tax, regrettable, terror, trespass, unthinkable, violation, wholly unexpected), しんどう (impact, new road, oscillation, prodigy, tremor, vibration, wonder child), しんとう (concussion, degree of kinship, heart, impact, mind, newly forged sword, newparty, osmosis, penetration, permeation, sacred light, Shinto, sword made after the year 1615), ショック , だげき (batting, blow, damage, strike). (various references) | |
Korean | 충격 (Impact). (various references) | |
Manx | greain, cur greain, craa (bestrew, brandish, dither, dodder, flicker, flutter, jog, jolt, judder, quaver, ring, rustle, shake, shiver, sprinkle, toss, toss of head, tremble, vibrate, warble, wave, wave of hand), bwoalley (assault, bang, bash, batter, beat, beat up, belabour, buffet, chime, clap, club, flap, hammer, hit, knock, mint, percussion, play, pound, pulsate, punch, rhythm, ring, rise of penis, scramble, slam, slap, strike, thrash, thresh, throb, toll, wallop). (various references) | |
Norwegian | støtfjær (shock-absorber). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ockshay.(various references) | |
Polish | potrząsać (agitate, shake). (various references) | |
Portuguese | choque (affection, bump, chunking, clash, concussion, conflict, crash, dash, foul, impact, impingement, knock, shake, smash, smashup, strain). (various references) | |
Romanian | scandaliza (horrify, scandalize), frapa (seize, strike, surprise), agita (agitate, arouse, brandish, bustle, churn, excite, fidget, flirt, flourish, flurry, flutter, fret, fume, incite, raise, rouse, ruffle, shake, shake up, stir, trouble, vex, wag, waggle, wave, wriggle), amortizor (buffer, bumper, damper, fender), şoc (concussion, dash, hit, jar, jerk, jolt, kick, percussion, reaction), şoc operator, şoca (grate, scandalize), cãpiţã (haystack, mow, stack), ciocnire (affair, bump, clash, click, collision, concussion, conflict, contradiction, dash, encounter, foul, hit, impact, jar, jostle, passage), ciuf (aigret, Bob, sloven), clåtina (agitate, shake), claie (crowd, fleece, hayrick, haystack, heap, Rick, snag, stack), aşeza în cãpiţe, cutremur (convulsion, earthquake, fright, shaking, terror, thrilling), zguduiturã (jog, shake), izbire (impact, jar), lovi (assail, attack, batter, beat, befall, buffet, bump, catch, clap, crack, cuff, cut, dab, drive, drub, fib, flap, hammer, harm, hit, hurt, impact, infect, injure, jar, knock, lash, lay hands on, lunge at, Pat, put, reach, seize, slam, slap, smite, spank, strike, swat, swinge, switch, tap, thrust, thump, touch, whack, whip, wipe, wound, wrong), loviturã (attack, bang, bat, beat, beating, blow, box, bump, burglary, butt, calamity, cant, clap, clip, coup, cuff, dash, drive, fib, flap, go, heading, hit, hunch, hurt, jab, jolt, kick, knock, lick, master stroke, pelt, push, round, set back, shack, shot, slash, sling, smack, smash, stab, stick, strike, stroke, sweep, thrust), revolta (rebel, sicken), zdruncina (concuss, convulse, jog, jolt, shake, shatter, stagger, undermine, unstring, weaken), zdruncinãturã (Bob, hitch, jerk, jog, jolt, shake), zdruncinare (labefaction), zgudui (concuss, convulse, hitch, jog, jump, shake, shake up), zguduire (commotion, concussion, convulsion, shake, shake up, shaking), cruce de snopi. (various references) | |
Russian | удар (a smack in the eye /in the face/, apoplexy, bash, blow, box, buffet, bump, cant, chop, clap, cob, cut, dash, fit of apoplexy, hit, impact, impingement, jab, kick, knock, loft, lunge, percussion, pick, push, putt, stabbings, stroke, swat, thrust, wallop, well-judged blow, welt), толчок (cant, dash, fillip, hitch, hitter, impetus, impulse, jab, jog, jolt, lunge, momentum, poke, push, shake, stroke, thrust, toss), шокировать (horrify), шок (jar, shell shock), поражать (affect, afflict, astound, confound, flabbergast, invade, smite, smote, strike), потрясать;шокировать удар. (various references) | |
Scottish | sgrùthan (a shock of corn), seasgan (a shock or truss of corn), adag (a haddock, haddock, shock of corn). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | sudariti se (clash, collide, crash, rencounter, run against), sudar (brush, clash, collision, crash, impact, smash), zaprepastiti (appal, appall, astonish, dismay, horrify, stagger), udariti (bang, bash, bat, beat, belt, bump, clock, clout, conk, drive in, hack, hit, jog, knock, paw, percuss, poke, punch, ram, rap, strike, stub, swipe, wallop, whack), udar (blow, fire, impact, jerk, knock, smack, strike, stroke, thrust), rundov, potresti (agitate, convulse, jar, shake, upset), potres (concussion, quake, shake, temblor, turn), naglo uzbuđenje, gomila od nekoliko snopova, čuperak (cowlick, forelock, shag, topknot, tuft, tussock, wisp), čupa, šokirati, šokantan (shocking), šok. (various references) | |
Spanish | sacudida (jar, jerk, jog, jolt, jounce, lurch, shake, shaking, toss, twitch), impacto (hit, impact), choque (accident, clash, collision, conflict, crash, hit, jar, jolt, knock, smash). (various references) | |
Sranan | seki (agitate, shake). (various references) | |
Swedish | stöt (blast, bump, concussion, dig, hit, impact, impingement, impulse, jab, jar, jerk, job, jog, jolt, jostle, knock, pass, percussion, prod, push, shove, thrust, thump), slag (action, bang, battle, beat, bilge, blow, bust, clip |
