Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Settler |
SettlerNoun1. A person who settle in a new colony or moves into new country. 2. A negotiator who settles disputes. 3. (British) a clerk in a betting shop who calculates the winnings. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "settler" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1823. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Mining | A separator; a tub, pan, vat, or tank in which a separation can be effected by settling. A tub or vat in which pulp from the amalgamating pan or battery pulp is allowed to settle; the pulp is stirred in water to remove the lighter portions. Syn:pug tubsettling tank. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
(The neutrality of this article is disputed.)After the 1967 Six Day War, Israel reconstructed formerly lost Jewish communities and build new settlements as well in the areas they conquered from Jordan, Egypt, and Syria (see West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan). The very controversial dispute if these settlements are illegal under international law or not is still ongoing.
As of November 2000, just under 400,000 Israelis lived in the disputed territories, according to Israeli government statistics. The size of this number is controversial, as it includes a large number of Israeli citizens who live within East Jerusalem, which the United Nations once planned as international zone (former compromise proposal, Resolution 181 (II) of 29 November 1947, which the Arab states rejected). Maps of these settlements [1], [1]. Since the Oslo Accords 1993 the settlers' number on the West Bank and Gaza (excluding East Jerusalem) has almost doubled, from 115,000 to 200,000.
Land grab accusations
Israel claims that the majority of the land currently taken by the new settlements was either vacant, belonging to the state (from which it was leased) or bought fairly from the Palestinians, arguing on these three bases that there is nothing illegal about the settlements. Further it argues that these lands were conquered in a defensive war and therefore legitimate reparation. Opponents dispute at least one of these bases, saying that vacant land had either belonged to Arabs who had fled or was communal land, that had belonged collectively to an entire village. That practice had formed under Ottoman rule, although the British and the Jordanians have unsuccessfully tried to stop it since the late 1920s. B'Tselem, an Israeli human rights organization, claims that the Israeli government used the absence of modern legal documents for the communal land as an excuse to seize it. Altogether, around 42% of the area of the West Bank (total of about 2,400 km²) is controlled by Israeli settlers (see Map, MS Word format report.
Cost estimations
The Israeli government provides massive financial incentives to Jewish settlers in these disputed territories. The budget from 2001 shows that 204,000 settlers lived in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, a figure that represents just under 3% of all Israeli residents; the money spent on this fragment of the Jewish populace that year was $533.6 million. The big-ticket financial compensation comprised transfers to local authorities ($195.6 million), income tax reductions ($48.7 million), housing subsidies ($136.5 million), and transportation mainly of bypass roads ($96.5 million) (these figures do not include investments for military defense). A report published by Ha'aretz on September 26, 2003, claimed that the non-military expenditure on the settlements was conservatively $560 million per year in excess of the usual expenditure on a similar number of ordinary Israeli citizens. Since they were not able to determine the cost of some large budget items such as land acquisition, the newspaper concluded that "the real figure is apparently much higher". The newspaper estimated the total unusual civilian expenditure since 1967 to be at least $10 billion. It said that the military cost was impossible to estimate but may be about the same. Settler organizations responded that in fact the budget discriminated against them. [1] As main reason for those disbursements is named strategic depth (the state of Israel experienced hostility and threat of annihilation from its neighbors from the beginning of its existence, see Arab-Israeli conflict). Many Arabs regard every Jewish community in Cisjordan as illegal, even the pure existence of the state of Israel. They also sometimes prefer to use the word "colonies" for Israeli settlements.
International and Legal background
Often, the Fourth Geneva Convention, which forbids an occupying country from moving its citizens into the territory, has been claimed by the Palestinians as a legal defense. Israel, in return, argues that West Bank and Gaza do not legally constitute occupied territories and hence denies the de-jure applicability of the Geneva conventions to them.
The establishment and expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip has been declared illegal by the UN Security Council many times, for example in resolutions 446, 452, 465 and 471.
Since resolutions 446 and 465 were not made under Chapter VI or VII of the United Nations Charter, Israel argues that it is purely an advisory request, and chose not to fulfill it. The issue of the legal status of resolutions of the UN Security Council not made under Chapters VI or VII of the Charter is controversial in international law -- some accept Israel's argument, others reject it, and consider the resolution to be legally binding on Israel.
Armistice agreements in effect at the time of the 1967 Six-Day War were violated by the Arab states when they declared war, rendering the existing cease fire lines meaningless. Thus there is no effective border between Israel and the former Jordanian, Egyptian, and Syrian territories within the former Palestine mandate. The settlements are not within an occupied territory. However, for this region alone this view is not accepted de-jure by the international community, even though in similar cases across the globe this view is accepted as normative. The current international consensus is that there should be new borders, defined by multilateral negotiations (see UN Security Council Resolution 242); this supports the Israeli's viewpoint.
Egypt never attempted to annex the Gaza Strip (although they did establish a strict military government there), and Jordan's annexation of the West Bank was recognised by only two nations. Moreover, Jordan withdrew its claim in 1988, leaving Israel as the only state holding a claim to the area. Therefore Israel holds that it is impossible to define these lands as "occupied", and denies the de-jure applicability of the Geneva Conventions to them. Palestinians reason that Jordan withdrew its claims so that a Palestinian Arab state could be established there -- not for Israeli settlements. To that, Israel replies that the stance of both Jordan and Egypt on this issue was that it was to be resolved bilaterally by Israel and the Palestinians.
Israel further points out that in the Oslo accords, the Palestinians accepted at least the temporary presence of Israeli settlements; therefore the violent attacks carried out by Palestinians against settlements are not only wrong because of settlers' being civilians, but also are in fact breach of a mutual agreement put down in the form of Oslo Accords. Some moderate Palestinians agree that violence is unacceptable. However, all but a tiny minority support the right of self defense against the heavily armed Jewish settlers a minority of which have attacked Palestinians. These attacks are viewed within Israel as the actions of extremists, and are not supported by the general population.
Tensions, mistrust and accusations
The settlements have on several occasions been a source of tension between Israel and the U.S. In 1991 there was a clash between the Bush administration and Israel, where the U.S. delayed a subsidized loan in order to pressure Israel not to proceed with the establishment of settlements for instance in the Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor. Jimmy Carter has said that the settlements consitute a major obstacle to peace. The current Bush administration, while generally being supportive of Israel, has said that settlements are "unhelpful" to the peace process. Generally, these U.S. efforts have at most temporarily delayed further expansion of Israeli settlements. It should also be noted that U.S. public opinion is divided. The strongest support for the Israeli position can be found among the evangelical Christians. Public opinion outside the U.S. and Israel strongly opposes the settlements.
Palestinians argue that Israel has violated the Oslo accords by continuing to expand the settlements after the signing of the accords; Israel argues that it has not constructed new settlements, but rather made improvements to or expanded settlements already existing, in order to accommodate natural growth. Further Israel argues that the PLO instead violated the Oslo accords by not dismantling the terrorist organisations and by inciting their population to hate. Palestinians and other Arab states regularly accuse Israel of attacking refugee camps and villages in an attempt to scare off Palestinians and claim the land as theirs. Israel justifies that it only fights against those terrorist organisations, and if there would be no terrorists, there wouldn't be any military operations.
Israel previously also had settlements in the Sinai, but these where withdrawn as a result of the peace agreement with Egypt. Most proposals for achieving a final settlement of the Middle East conflict involve Israel dismantling a large number of settlements in the West Bank and Gaza strip. A poll conducted by Peace Now in July 2002 indicates that up to two-thirds of the settler population would agree to evacuate, provided that it is done as a result of a democratically-made and accepted decision by the Israeli government, while the rest would refuse to leave peacefully.
Most Israeli and US proposals for final settlement have also involved Israel being allowed to retain settlements near Israel proper and in East Jerusalem (the majority of the settler population is near the Green Line), with Israel annexing the land on which the settlements are located. This would result in a transfer of roughly 5% of the West Bank to Israel, with the Palestinians being compensated by the transfer of a similar share of Israeli territory (i.e. territory behind the Green Line) to the Palestinian state.
Palestinians complain that the land offered in exchange is situated in the Judean desert, while the areas that Israel seeks to retain are considered to be among the West Bank's most fertile areas; to this Israel replies that if the current Green line is fully retained, Israel would have at some points no more than 17 kilometers from the border to the sea, which is widely considered an immense security risk. However, this is an issue that is separate from the discussion of settlements. For more details about the issues at stake, see Proposals for a Palestinian state.
Topics that need more discussion
- the origin of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, Gaza and Sinai.
- the historical, social and political context in which these settlements were created.
- The political and religious motivations of the settlers. Note that many people simply move to settlements for tax purposes.
- The willingness of Israel to remove all settlements in the Sinai once a peace treaty with Egypt was signed.
- the radical side of the settler movement, and also the more moderate side
- the population, location, extent of the settlements and time of settlement
- the motivation of suicide assassins
External links
- http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp470.htm an unofficial Israeli position paper
- http://www.nad-plo.org/permanent/settlements.html an official Palestinian position paper
- http://www.cartercenter.org/viewdoc.asp?docID=137&submenu=news analysis by former U.S. president Jimmy Carter.
- http://www.honestreporting.com website claiming to expose anti-Israel media bias
- http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Peace/settletoc.html A compiling of facts on the settlements, as presented by a joint Israeli-American Organization
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Israeli settlement."
Synonym: SettlerSynonym: colonist (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Inhabitant | Noun: inhabitant; resident, residentiary; dweller, indweller; addressee; occupier, occupant; householder, lodger, inmate, tenant, incumbent, sojourner, locum tenens, commorant; settler, squatter, backwoodsman, colonist; islander; denizen, citizen; burgher, oppidan, cit, townsman, burgess; villager; cottager, cottier, cotter; compatriot; backsettler, boarder; hotel keeper, innkeeper; habitant; paying guest; planter. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Settler |
| English words defined with "settler": Acadian ♦ Peopler, pioneer, Preemption ♦ Sockdolager, sourdough. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "settler": Break Ground ♦ severalty. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "settler": Backsettler. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Settler (1952) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Exhibit at the NHOTIC of early Oregon settler herding sheep and oxen pulling his covered wagon. Credit: Unknown. |  | Western settler (overwhelmed by spring freshet): House gone -- stock gone -- barn gone. Guess I kin stand it though -- old woman gone too. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Thatched roof buildings on the farm of a settler, Kenya. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Barn on former farm of Wabash Farm settler, Martin County, Indiana. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Former home of a Wabash Farms settler, (Liston Barnes) Martin County, Indiana. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | The barn of an older settler on established farm. Boundary County, Idaho. General caption 49. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Early settler of the valley. He came in 1916. Priest River Valley, Bonner County, Idaho. See general caption 49. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Old settler, property optioned. Near Chillicothe, Ohio. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Garfield County, Montana. Abandoned home of early settler made of sun-baked bricks. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Mission San Jose, California. Tomb of Robert Livermore, pioneer settler of the Livermore Valley. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Cayman Islands | The harvesting of sea turtles to resupply passing sailing ships was the first major economic activity on the islands, but local stocks were depleted by the 1790s. Agriculture, while sufficient to support the small early settler population, has always been limited by the scarcity of available land. (references) |
Liberia | Liberia, which means "Land of the Free", was founded by freed slaves from the United States in 1820. These freed slaves, called Americo-Liberians, first arrived in Liberia and established a settlement in Christopolis, now Monrovia (named after U.S. President James Monroe), on February 6, 1820. This group of 86 immigrants formed the nucleus of the settler population of what became known as the Republic of Liberia. (references) | |
Human Rights | Israel and the occupied territories | The settler had lost his way and entered Area A in Jericho that evening. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | SEVERALTY, n. Separateness, as, lands in severalty, i.e., lands held individually, not in joint ownership. Certain tribes of Indians are believed now to be sufficiently civilized to have in severalty the lands that they have hitherto held as tribal organizations, and could not sell to the Whites for waxen beads and potato whiskey. Lo! the poor Indian whose unsuited mind Saw death before, hell and the grave behind; Whom thrifty settler ne'er besought to stay -- His small belongings their appointed prey; Whom Dispossession, with alluring wile, Persuaded elsewhere every little while! His fire unquenched and his undying worm By "land in severalty" (charming term!) Are cooled and killed, respectively, at last, And he to his new holding anchored fast! |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Settler" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Settler" is used about 62 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 62 | 42,755 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "settler" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Settler | Last name | 170 | 54,292 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "settler": anti-settler, back-settler, debt-settler, part-settler, white-settler. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
settler | 362 | 2 download settler | 12 |
settler of catan | 304 | settler 3 cheat | 12 |
settler 4 | 95 | settler game | 11 |
settler 3 | 70 | the old settler | 11 |
settler western | 41 | old park settler | 11 |
settler iv | 41 | early settler texas | 10 |
settler 2 | 37 | day old settler | 10 |
java settler | 34 | 4 patch settler | 10 |
4 cheat settler | 32 | 2 cheat settler | 9 |
settler iii | 29 | cheat iv settler | 9 |
cabin pool settler wave | 25 | settler ii | 9 |
catan java settler | 24 | settler walk | 9 |
4 settler trainer | 23 | settler hill golf course | 8 |
pioneer settler | 23 | catan settler strategy | 8 |
cabin settler | 21 | cheat settler | 8 |
settler download | 20 | crossing settler | 8 |
early settler | 18 | green settler | 8 |
settler inn | 18 | the settler iii quest of the amazon | 8 |
catan online settler | 14 | 4 map settler | 7 |
cabin park settler | 13 | beta catan settler | 7 |
5 settler | 7 | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "settler"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | kolon (colonial, colonist), goditje vendimtare (odd), arsye vendimtare, ardhës, arësye vendimtare. (various references) | |
Arabic | مستعمر (colonist, imperialist, settled), المستوطن, المستعمر (colonialist). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | решаващо събитие, решаващ удар (sockdolager), решаващ довод (sockdolager), колонист (planter), заселник (colonizer, planter). (various references) | |
Chinese | 移居者, 定居者 . (various references) | |
Czech | osadník, kolonista (colonist). (various references) | |
Danish | Dorr sedimenteringsglas (Dorr settler). (various references) | |
Farsi | مهاجرتازه , مقیم (Denizen, Inhabitant, Inmate, Resident), ماندگار (Immanent, Indelible, Indissoluble), ماندگر, خوش نشین . (various references) | |
Finnish | siirtolainen (colonist, emigrant, immigrant), uudisasukas (colonist). (various references) | |
French | décanteur, colonisateur, colon. (various references) | |
German | Siedler (settlers, smallholder), Ansiedler (settlers). (various references) | |
Greek | άποικοσ μετανάστησ, άποικοσ (colonist, emigrant), οικιστής. (various references) | |
Hebrew | מתישב (colonist, compatble with, reconcilable with, squaring), מת חל (squatter), תושב (denizen, dweller, inhabitant, native, resident). (various references) | |
Hungarian | telepes (domiciliate, homesteader, planter, resident). (various references) | |
Italian | colonizzatore (coloniser, colonizer), argomento decisivo (clincher). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 開"者 (colonist, pioneer), 入植者 (newcomer). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | にゅうしょくしゃ (newcomer), かいたくしゃ (colonist, pioneer). (various references) | |
Korean | 착자. (various references) | |
Manx | reagheyder (arbitrator, arranger, decider, editor, organizer, umpire). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ettlersay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | tina de decantação, golpe decisivo, colono (bushman, colonial, colonist), colonizador (colonizer), árbitro (adjudicator, adjuster, arbiter, arbitrator, judge, moderator, referee, umpire). (various references) | |
Romanian | loviturã hotãrâtoare (a finishing stroke), imigrant (immigrant), colonist (colonist, colonizer, planter), argument (argument, con, reason). (various references) | |
Russian | поселенец (colonist, colonizer, homesteader, squatter). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | presudna odluka, naseljenik (colonist, homesteader, locator, pilgrim). (various references) | |
Spanish | colono (colonial, colonist, planter). (various references) | |
Swedish | nybyggare (backwoodsman, colonist, frontiersman, planter, squatter). (various references) | |
Thai | ผู้จั"การ (manager). (various references) | |
Turkish | susturan cevap, son söz (epilog, epilogue, final decision, final say, say), son darbe (coup de grace), yeni yere yerleşen kimse, göçmen (emigrant, immigrant, incomer, migrant, migratory). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | постійний мешканець (resident, residentiary), поселенець (colonist, colonizer). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | lý lẽ quyết định. (various references) | |
Welsh | ymsefydlwr, gwladychwr (colonist). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | coloni, colonis, colono, colonos, colonus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "settler": settlers. (additional references) | |
| |
"Settler" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Estler, Netzler, sattle, seetle, setier, Setlik, settel, setterd, settje, settlee, settlor, stettle, Wetzlar. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "settler" (pronounced se"tuler or se"tler) |
| 4 | -t u l er | kittler, Littler, rattler, subtler. |
| 3 | -u l er | embezzler, enabler, abler, alveolar, angular, annular, avuncular, bachelor, binocular, Buckler, Candler, cardiovascular, cellular, chancellor, circular, consular, councilor, counsellor, counselor, curricular, dangler, dissimilar, equiangular, extracurricular, fiddler, gastrovascular, Girdler, glandular, globular, gobbler, granular, hackler, humbler, hurdler, hustler, Idler, insular, intercellular, intermolecular, irregular, jeweler, jocular, juggler, jugular, kindler, modular, molecular, muscular, needler, nestler, nodular, particular, peninsular, perpendicular, popular, rectangular, regular, reveler, saddler, secular, semicircular, shuffler, Sidler, similar, simpler, singular, spectacular, Spindler, Stabler, stapler, stickler, swindler, testicular, tingler, Tinkler, titular, traveler, traveller, triangular, tubular, unicellular, unpopular, unspectacular, vascular, vehicular, vernacular, wrangler, wrestler. |
| 3 | -t l er | antler, bottler, Butler, Cutler, gentler, tattler, warstler. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: letters, sterlet, trestle. | |
| Words within the letters "e-e-l-r-s-t-t" | |
-1 letter: letter, relets, retest, setter, settle, streel, street, tester. | |
-2 letters: ester, leers, leets, reels, reest, relet, reset, sleet, steel, steer, stele, stere, teels, teles, terse, trees, trets. | |
-3 letters: eels, else, erst, leer, lees, leet, lest, lets, reel, rees, rest, rete, rets, seel, seer, sere, sett, stet, teel, tees, tele, tels, test, tets, tree, tret. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-e-l-r-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: alertest, nettlers, resettle, retitles, settlers, sterlets, trestles. | |
+2 letters: dotterels, electrets, laterites, letterers, literates, litterers, lotteries, raclettes, rebottles, reletters, resettled, resettles, rillettes, roulettes, saltpeter, statelier, streamlet, teleports, tercelets, tolerates. | |
+3 letters: aliterates, altercates, alternates, altimeters, belittlers, belletrist, briolettes, butterless, centralest, clatterers, corselette, cotterless, craterlets, earthliest, elaterites, elutriates, embrittles, filmsetter, flatteners, flatterers, flatteries, flutterers, lazarettes, letterings, lorgnettes, meltwaters, newsletter, outwrestle, protostele, reluctates, resettable, resettling, resolutest, retaliates, saltpeters, splattered, spluttered, splutterer, stealthier, streamlets, streetlamp, sweltriest, telecaster, telemeters, tiltmeters, toiletries, trembliest, tremolites, tutelaries, voltmeters. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Names: Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Translations: Ancient 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
