Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Sentence |
SentenceNoun1. A string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language; "he always spoke in grammatical sentences". 2. A final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; "the conviction came as no surprise". 3. The period of time a prisoner is imprisoned; "he served a prison term of 15 months"; "his sentence was 5 to 10 years"; "he is doing time in the county jail". Verb1. Pronounce a sentence on, in a court of law; "He was condemned to ten years in prison". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "sentence" was first used: 12th century. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Sentence |
Language | A declarative sentence or statement in logic. Source: European Union. (references) |
Law | The punishment ordered by a court for a defendant convicted of a crime. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Sentence, derived from Latin sententia (perception, in the subjective sense of how one feels reality is), has three common meanings:In linguistics, the sentence is a unit of language, characterised in most languages by the presence of a finite verb. For example, "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog." The shortest sentences in the English language are: "I am" and "I do", although the imperative "Go!" may also be considered a sentence. Traditionally, each sentence is regarded as having a subject, an object and a verb, even if one of these is implied. See grammar for more details. The objects that modify the noun phrase collectively form the predicate of a sentence. In mathematics, an open sentence is an expression such as:
or
See also: compound sentence In law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. The sentence generally involves a decree of imprisonment, a fine and/or other punishments against a defendant convicted of a crime. Those imprisoned for multiple crimes, will serve either a consecutive sentence (in which the period of imprisonment equals the sum of all the sentences) or a concurrent sentence (in which the period of imprisonment equals the length of the longest sentence). If a sentence gets reduced to a less harsh (or "softer") punishment, then the sentences is said to have been "mitigated". Sometimes murder charges are "mitigated" and reduced to manslaughter charges.
The first use of this word with this meaning was in Roman law, where it indicated the opinion of a jurist on a given question, expressed in written or in oral responsa. It was also the opinion of senators (that was translated into the Senatusconsultus). It finally was also the decision of the judging organ (both in civil and in penal trials), as well as the decision of the Arbiter (in arbitration).
In modern Latin systems the sentence is mainly the final act of any procedure in which a judge, or more generally an organ is called to express his evaluation, therefore it can be issued practically in any field of law requiring a function of evaluation of something by an organ.
Sentences are variously classified depending on:
Usually the sentence comes after a process in which the deciding organ is put in condition to correctly evaluate whether the analysed conduct complies or not with the legal systems, and eventually which aspects of the conduct might regard which laws. Depending on respective systems, the phasis that precede [precedes?] the sentence may vary relevantly and the sentence can be resisted (by both parties) in front of up to a given degree of appeal. The sentence issued by the Appeal court of highest admitted degree immediately becomes the definitive sentence, as well as the sentence issued in minor degrees that is not resisted by the condemned or by the accusator (or is not resisted within a given time). The sentence usually has to be rendered of public domain (publicatio) and in most systems it has to be accompanied by the reasons for its content (a sort of story of the juridical reflections and evaluations that the judging organ used to produce it).
- the legal field, or kind of action, or system it refers to:
- civil, penal, administrative, canon, ..., sentence.
- sentences of mere clearance, of condemnation, of constitution.
- the issuing organ (typically a monocratic judge or a court, or other figures that receive a legitimation by the system).
- the jurisdiction and the legal competence: single judges, courts, tribunals, appeals, supreme courts, constitutional courts, etc., meant as the various degrees of judgment and appeal.
- the content:
- partial, cautelar, interlocutory, preliminar (sententia instructoria), definitive sentences.
- sentence of absolutio (discharge) or condemnatio (briefly damnatio, also for other meanings - condemnation). The sentences of condemnation are also classified by the penalty they determine:
- sentence of reclusion,
- sentence of fee,
- sententia agendi, sentence that impose a determined action (or a series of action) as a penalty for the illegal act. This kind of sentence became better developed and remained in wider use in common law systems.
A sentence (even a definitive one) can be annulled in some given cases, that many systems usually pre-determine. The most frequent case is related to irregularities found ex-post in the procedure, the most éclatant is perhaps in penal cases, when a relevant (often discharging) proof is discovered after the definitive sentence.
In most systems the defnitive sentence is unique, in the precise sense that no one can be judged more than once for the same action (apart, obviously, from appeal resistance).
Sentences are in many systems a source of law, as an authoritative interpretation of the law in front of concrete cases, thus quite as an extension of the ordinary formal documental system.
The sentence is generally issued by the judge in the name of (or on the behalf of) the superior authority of the State.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Sentence."
Synonyms: SentenceSynonyms: conviction (n), judgment of conviction (n), prison term (n), time (n), condemn (v), doom (v). (additional references) |
| Antonym: acquittal (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Affirmation | Remark, observation; position; (proposition), saying, dictum, sentence, ipse dixit. |
Condemnation | Verb: condemn, convict, cast, bring home to, find guilty, damn, doom, sign the death warrant, sentence, pass sentence on, attaint, confiscate, proscribe, sequestrate; nonsuit. |
Noun: condemnation, conviction, judgment, penalty, sentence; proscription, damnation; death warrant. | |
Judgment | Settle; pass an opinion, give an opinion; decide, try, pronounce, rule; pass judgment, pass sentence; sentence, doom; find; give judgment, deliver judgment; adjudge, adjudicate; arbitrate, award, report; bring in a verdict; make absolute, set a question at rest; confirm; (assent). |
Decision, determination, judgment, finding, verdict, sentence, decree; findings of fact; findings of law; res judicata. | |
Maxim | Noun: maxim, aphorism; apothegm, apophthegm; dictum, saying, adage, saw, proverb; sentence, mot, motto, word, byword, moral, phylactery, protasis. |
Phrase | Noun: phrase, expression, set phrase; sentence, paragraph; figure of speech; idiom, idiotism; turn of expression; style. |
Warfare | Phrase: the battle rages; a la guerre comme a la guerre; bis peccare in bello non licet; jus gladii; "my voice is still for war"; "'tis well that war is so terrible, otherwise we might grow fond of it"; "my sentence is for open war"; "pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war"; "the cannons have their bowels full of wrath"; "the cannons..spit forth their iron indignation"; "the fire-eyed maid of smoky war"; silent leges inter arma; si vis pacem para bellum. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Sentence |
| English words defined with "sentence": complex sentence, compound sentence ♦ declarative sentence, declaratory sentence ♦ interrogative sentence ♦ loose sentence ♦ periodic sentence ♦ run-on sentence ♦ sentence stress ♦ topic sentence ♦ Under sentence. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "sentence": co-ordinate complex sentence ♦ definite sentence ♦ embedded sentence ♦ sentence of detention, sentence of imprisonment, sentence of penal servitude. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "sentence": maxim. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Sentence" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (adjudication, maxim, proverb, saying, verdict). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Lewis, we've had Presidents who were beloved, who couldn't find a coherent sentence with two hands and a flashlight (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin.) Every sentence is a picture (The Mighty; writing credit: Charles Leavitt. Based on the novel 'Freak the Mighty' by Rodman Philbrick.) It's so important to your future that you don't finish that sentence. (The Lost World: Jurassic Park; writing credit: David Koepp) The suspension of your sentence is conditional upon your continued cooperation with this programme (Trainspotting; writing credit: John Hodge. Based on the novel by Irvine Welsh.) Please don't finish that sentence. (Caroline in the City; writing credit: Angela Carneiro) | |
Lyrics | I know that I should serve my sentence (Just One More Chance; performing artist: Bing Crosby) I've done my sentence ("We Are the Champions/We Will Rock You"; performing artist: Queen) A sentence you seem prepared to pay (Fortress Around Yur Heart; performing artist: Sting) | |
Clever | I am." is the shortest complete sentence in the English language. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Death Sentence (1974) La Sentence (1959) Explosives: Under Sentence (1959) How an Honest Official Passed the Death Sentence on a Chaste Widow (1958) The Sentence of Death (1927) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Sign over the cell that housed Dr. Samuel Mudd, controversial doctor who treated John Wilkes Booth following Abraham Lincoln's assassination. Mudd was convicted of helping Booth and served three years of his sentence at Fort Jefferson. He helped treat many Union soldiers during a yellow fever epidemic and was subsequently paroled. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | It was half-past four when the sentence was pronounced upon her and she was led to her dungeon to prepare for death] / A. Castaigne. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Mississippi governor approves death sentence for James Lewis (age 14) and Charles Trudell (age 15). (News Item). Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Bartolomeo Vanzetti (left) and Nicola Sacco, manacled together surrounded by heavy guard and onlookers, about to enter the courthouse at Dedham, Massachusetts where they will receive the death sentence for murder they committed seven years ago. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Alexander Pope | The hungry judges soon the sentence sign, and wretches hang that jurymen may dine. |
Author Unknown | A proverb is a short sentence based on long experience. |
Charles Caleb Colton | To sentence a man of true genius, to the drudgery of a school is to put a racehorse on a treadmill. |
Charles Churchill | He mouths a sentence as curs mouth a bone. |
Johann Friedrich Von Schiller | He cannot complain of a hard sentence, who is made master of his own fate. |
Lewis Carroll | Sentence first, verdict afterwards. |
St. Vincent and Lerius | Every word almost was a sentence; every sentence a victory. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Thirdly, In the state of nature there often wants power to back and support the sentence when right, and to give it due execution, They who by any injustice offended, will seldom fail, where they are able, by force to make good their injustice; such resistance many times makes the punishment dangerous, and frequently destructive, to those who attempt it. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Prisoners of war and interned civilians who are awaiting disposal or undergoing sentence for offences other than those against discipline may be detained. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | They seemed to be within half a sentence of Harriet, and her immediate feeling was to avert the subject, if possible |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | At those solemn words, (r)The Eternal Father in person could do nothing for you , she understood that her sentence was fixed |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Supreme judge, from His sentence there will be and can be no appeal |
Brighton Beach Memoirs | Neil Simon | If that was the only sentence I published in my memoirs, it would be a bestseller |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | Then I took down the sentence in writing |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Perseveration is the inability to complete a sentence because of continuous repetition of words at the end of a phrase. (references) | |
Most individuals demonstrate significantly enhanced speech reading capabilities, attaining scores of 90-100 percent correct on everyday sentence materials. (references) | ||
Other research is attempting to develop a model of sentence comprehension and production that can help provide a functional explanation for aphasia symptoms. (references) | ||
Business | He is appealing the sentence. (references) | |
Wolf received a 2-year suspended sentence. (references) | ||
Judges often failed to sentence indigenous detainees within legally mandated periods. (references) | ||
Children | New Zealand | A second family member also received a prison sentence for involvement in the death of the child. (references) |
Uganda | While defilement carries a maximum sentence of death, that punishment never has been meted out to a convicted rapist. (references) | |
Germany | For possession of child pornography, the maximum sentence is 1 year's imprisonment; the sentence for distribution is 5 years. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Pakistan | In 1991 this sentence was increased to 10 years. (references) |
Morocco | The manager, Ali Amar, received a sentence of 2 months. (references) | |
Morocco | The editor, Boubker Jamai, received a sentence of 3 months in prison. (references) | |
Economic History | Panama | He is now serving a 40-year sentence for drug trafficking. (references) |
Nigeria | In November Abacha and the PRC confirmed the death sentence. (references) | |
Nepal | The king may grant pardons and may suspend, commute, or remit any sentence by any court. (references) | |
Human Rights | Dominican Republic | Time already served counts toward a sentence. (references) |
Lebanon | The charge carries a maximum sentence of death. (references) | |
Lebanon | He faces a maximum sentence of death if convicted. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Australia | Western Australia continued to retain its mandatory sentencing laws, which provide that a person (adult or juvenile) who commits the crime of home burglary three or more times is subject to a mandatory minimum prison sentence. (references) |
Minorities | Liechtenstein | Violations are punishable by a maximum 2-year prison sentence. (references) |
Peru | However, for public officials the sentence is between 60 and 120 days of community service; they also are disqualified from holding public office for 3 years. (references) | |
Political Economy | Iran | One was released at the conclusion of his 2-year sentence in March, but the other nine remain in prison. (references) |
PAKISTAN | Sustained and stronger enforcement needs to be paired with action by the courts to prosecute and sentence violators. (references) | |
Madagascar | Suspects often were held for periods that exceeded the maximum sentence for the alleged offenses and lengthy pretrial detention remained a serious problem. (references) | |
Political Rights | Peru | Treason carries up to a life sentence. (references) |
Iran | He became the first Majles member to serve a jail sentence. (references) | |
Syria | The duration of such restrictions is 7 years after expiration of the sentence in the case of felony convictions; however, in practice, the restrictions may continue beyond that period. (references) | |
Travel | Norway | More than two drinks could result in a jail sentence. (references) |
Singapore | Singapore imposes a mandatory caning sentence on males for vandalism offences. (references) | |
Women | Ghana | However, 1998 legislation doubled the mandatory sentence for rape. (references) |
Worker Rights | Austria | Suessenbacher appealed the sentence. (references) |
Philippines | In both cases the courts imposed a 6- to 8-year prison sentence. (references) | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | This was the longest sentence to a nightclub owner on prostitution-related charges. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | TRIAL, n. A formal inquiry designed to prove and put upon record the blameless characters of judges, advocates and jurors. In order to effect this purpose it is necessary to supply a contrast in the person of one who is called the defendant, the prisoner, or the accused. If the contrast is made sufficiently clear this person is made to undergo such an affliction as will give the virtuous gentlemen a comfortable sense of their immunity, added to that of their worth. In our day the accused is usually a human being, or a socialist, but in mediaeval times, animals, fishes, reptiles and insects were brought to trial. A beast that had taken human life, or practiced sorcery, was duly arrested, tried and, if condemned, put to death by the public executioner. Insects ravaging grain fields, orchards or vineyards were cited to appeal by counsel before a civil tribunal, and after testimony, argument and condemnation, if they continued in contumaciam the matter was taken to a high ecclesiastical court, where they were solemnly excommunicated and anathematized. In a street of Toledo, some pigs that had wickedly run between the viceroy's legs, upsetting him, were arrested on a warrant, tried and punished. In Naples and ass was condemned to be burned at the stake, but the sentence appears not to have been executed. D'Addosio relates from the court records many trials of pigs, bulls, horses, cocks, dogs, goats, etc., greatly, it is believed, to the betterment of their conduct and morals. In 1451 a suit was brought against the leeches infesting some ponds about Berne, and the Bishop of Lausanne, instructed by the faculty of Heidelberg University, directed that some of "the aquatic worms" be brought before the local magistracy. This was done and the leeches, both present and absent, were ordered to leave the places that they had infested within three days on pain of incurring "the malediction of God." In the voluminous records of this cause celebre nothing is found to show whether the offenders braved the punishment, or departed forthwith out of that inhospitable jurisdiction. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Mark Geragos | It's all public. Just listen to me for a second. The probation report has to come out. It's called a pre-plea report. Under California law, it's a public record. Any sentence had to have a probation report. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | Should the event disappoint us, it will still leave us in full confidence, that a fair appeal to the latter will reverse the sentence against our liberties. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | Were the demands of nations upon the justice of each other susceptible of adjudication by the sentence of an impartial tribunal, those to which I now refer would long since have been settled and adequate indemnity would have been obtained. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | The sentence of condemnation long since pronounced by the American people upon acts of that character will, I doubt not, continue to prove as salutary in its effects as it is irreversible in its nature. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | We will preserve for our children this, the last best hope of man on earth, or we will sentence them to take the first step into a thousand years of darkness. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Sentence" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.97% of the time. "Sentence" is used about 5,775 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.97% | 5,773 | 1,697 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.03% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 5,775 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "sentence". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Gazer | N/A | Biblical | A sentence |
| Gezer | N/A | Biblical | Sentence |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "sentence": announce sentence ♦ capital sentence ♦ commute death sentence ♦ commute to death sentence ♦ complete one's sentence ♦ complex sentence ♦ compound sentence ♦ conditional sentence ♦ constituent of the sentence ♦ custodial sentence ♦ Dark sentence ♦ death sentence ♦ declarative sentence ♦ declaratory sentence ♦ definite sentence ♦ embedded sentence ♦ extended sentence ♦ full sentence ♦ give smb. a prison sentence ♦ interrogative sentence ♦ life sentence ♦ loose sentence ♦ part of the sentence ♦ parts of the sentence ♦ pass a sentence ♦ pass sentence ♦ periodic sentence ♦ prison sentence ♦ probationary sentence ♦ pronounce a sentence ♦ remission of sentence ♦ sentence construction ♦ sentence method ♦ sentence of detention ♦ sentence of imprisonment ♦ sentence of penal servitude ♦ sentence smb. to forfeit ♦ sentence stress ♦ sentence structure ♦ sentence to death ♦ serve a prison sentence ♦ serve a sentence ♦ serve one's sentence ♦ serving sentence ♦ severe sentence ♦ simple sentence ♦ suspended sentence ♦ suspended sentence of two years ♦ suspension of sentence ♦ syntactic sentence ♦ topic sentence ♦ under sentence ♦ under sentence of death. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "sentence": sentence-analogue, sentence-as-object, sentence-based, sentence-completion, sentence-construction, sentence-final, sentence-focussed, sentence-fragment, sentence-fragments, sentence-grammarian, sentence-grammarians, sentence-initial, sentence-initially, sentence-internal, sentence-like, sentence-meaning, sentence-production, sentence-string, sentence-tokens, sentence-types. | |
Ending with "sentence": mental-sentence, mid-sentence, one-sentence, pre-sentence. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "sentence"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | sin. (various references) | |
Albanian | fjali. (various references) | |
Arabic | قرار (award, burden, chorus, decision, decree, deliverance, doom, judgement, refrain, resolution, resolve, ruling), حكم على (arbitrate, condemn, damn, judge), عقوبة (get a hanging, gruel, pain, penalization, penalty, punishment, retribution), جملة (all in, clause, en bloc, lump), إدانة (ban, condemnation, conviction, rap), أعلن العقوبة. (various references) | |
Basque | esaldi. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сентенция (dictum, gnome, saw), решение (adjudication, answer, award, conclusion, decision, determination, judgement, judgment, pronouncement, resolution, resolve, say so, settlement, solution, verdict, working out), осъждам на (give), осъждам (adjudge, be naughty, blame, condemn, convict, damn, denounce, deplore, doom, rap, reprehend), мъдрост (oracle, sapience, wisdom), мнение (advice, belief, comment, counsel, esteem, estimation, idea, image, mind, notion, opinion, persuasion, pronouncement, sentiment, thinking, thought, thoughts, verdict, view, voice), присъда (adjudication, assize, award, decision, judgement, judgment, pronouncement, verdict), изречение (proposition). (various references) | |
Chinese | 句子 . (various references) | |
Croatian | reèenica. (various references) | |
Czech | vìta (clause, movement, theorem), rozsudek (adjudication, conviction, decision, finding, judgement, judgment, verdict), odsoudit (condemn, convict, criticize, denounce, judge, reprobate). (various references) | |
Danish | sætning (composition, consolidation, heave, heaving, setting, settlement, sinking, statement, subsidence, typesetting, type-setting, typography), dømme (condemn, judge). (various references) | |
Dutch | zin (acceptation, contention, desire, disposal, feel, feeling, inclination, intention, meaning, opinion, plan, pleasure, sensation, sense, tendency, want, will, willingness, wish), volzin, frase. (various references) | |
Esperanto | propozicio, kondamni (condemn), frazo. (various references) | |
Faeroese | setningur, døma (condemn, judge). (various references) | |
Farsi | فتوی (Judgment(Gement), Verdict), محکوم کردن (Adjudge, Condemn, Convict), قضاوت (Judgeship, Verdict, View, Witting), گفته (Dictum, Doctrine, Statement), حکم (Arbiter, Canon, Commandment, Commission, Decree, Doom, Edict, Mandate, Ordinance, Ordonnance, Pardon, Precept, Rule, Statute, Warrant, Writ), جمله (Outright, Term, Total), رای دادن (Election, Resolve, Vote), رای (Award, Dictum, Discretion, Judgment(Gement), Opinion, Poll, Verdict, Vote). (various references) | |
Finnish | lause (clause), tuomio (award, condemnation, doom, judgment, verdict), päätös (award, conclusion, decision, judgment, verdict). (various references) | |
French | phrase, condamner, jugement. (various references) | |
Frisian | sin, feroardielje (condemn). (various references) | |
German | Satz (allowance, bolt, bound, charge, clause, dart, dregs, game, grounds, hop, jerk, jump, kit, leap, leaves, matter, movement, nest, phrase, pounce, proposition, rate, record, sediment, set, setting, spring, theorem, type), Urteil (award, decision, decree, estimation, judgement, judgment, opinion, verdict), verurteilen (condemn, condemns, convict, damn, disapprove, doom, send down, to condemn), Urteilsspruch (award, finding, judgment, verdict), Meinung (acceptation, contention, estimation, idea, judgment, meaning, mind, notion, opinion, sentiment, view), Empfindungsvermögen (sensitive faculty, sentience). (various references) | |
Greek | πρόταση (clause, motion, offer, overture, premise, proposal, proposition, second, suggestion), καταδικάζω (condemn, convict, damn, doom, reprobate), καταδίκη (condemnation, conviction, damnation, doom). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | fjali. (various references) | |
Hebrew | מאמר (article, clause, essay, order, paper, saying), לק וס (condemn, fine, impose a penalty, mulct, punish), לחרוץ "ין (determine, resolve), ל"ון (argue, deduce, discuss, govern, judge, litigate, punish, rule, talk over), ל'זור "ין, פסוק (phrase, verse), פסק "ין (award, judgement, ruling, verdict), "ין (judgement, law, lawsuit, rule), 'זר "ין (decree, judgement, verdict). (various references) | |
Hungarian | mondat (period, phrase). (various references) | |
Indonesian | menghukum (castigate, condemn, damn, punish), kalimat, hukuman (infliction, punishment). (various references) | |
Irish | abairt. (various references) | |
Italian | frase (clause, locution, period, phrase), condannare (condemn, convict, damn, doom), sentenza (decree, finding, judgement, judgment, legal decision, verdict), giudizio (adjudgement, appreciation, conclusion, good sense, judgement, judgment, mind, opinion, savvied, sense, senses, sight, trial, understanded, verdict, view, wisdom, wit, wits). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 文 (article). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぶ"しょう (article, division of duties), ぶ" (branch, degree, detached, dividing, duty, kind, lot, one's lot, one's status, part, rate, ration, relation, segment, share), せ""く (already, pronouncement, verdict, while ago), か"けつぶ", いいわたし (command, judgment, order, pronouncement), "う (10^38, 1st in rank, 7th in rank, be bent, benefit, body cavity, boorish, box, clause, companion, compare with, daimyo, duke, effect, efficacy, efficiency, entertainment, female phoenix bird, filial piety, first sign of the Chinese calendar, grade A, happiness, head, height, hill, hundred sextillion, hundred undecillion, incense, instep, interest, item, knoll, long ages, lord, luck, main, manuscript, marquis, paragraph, pleasure, prince, proof, public, result, rising ground, same kind, -school, season, seventh sign of the Chinese calendar, shell, subordinate, success, such, this, threat, thus, to ask, to be in love, to invite, to request, urgent, verbal pause, version, weather), けい (about, approximately, beheading, group, incline, knight, lean, light, lineage, lord, penalty, plan, punishment, state minister, strong, system, ten quadrillion, thorn, thousand billion, time, toward, whip), は"けつ (decree, judgement, judicial decision), く (17-syllable poem, bend over, clause, district, expression, line, nine, paragraph, passage, phrase, section, stanze, verse, ward). (various references) | |
Korean | 형 (mold, Mould). (various references) | |
Malay | kalimat. (various references) | |
Manx | raa (dictum, expression, phrase, remark, saying), abbyrt (dialect, expression, period, phrase). (various references) | |
Occitan | frasa. (various references) | |
Papiamen | sentido (acceptation, meaning), zin, kondená (condemn), frase. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | entencesay.(various references) | |
Polish | zdanie. (various references) | |
Portuguese | sentença (award, byword, dictum, doom, judgement, judgment, maxim, proverb, verdict), frase (double entendre, slogan, word). (various references) | |
Romanian | sentinţã (adjudgement, adjudgment, adjudication, aphorism, award, decision, determination, doom, judgement, verdict), verdict (deliverance, doom, finding, opinion, verdict), propoziţie (clause), osândi (blame, convict, damn, doom, punish), maximã (dictum, gnome, Maxim, saw, saying), judecatã (award, bar, decision, inquest, judgement, law, reason, Rede, trial, understanding, verdict, view, wisdom), hotãrâre (act, adjudgement, adjudgment, adjudication, award, conclusion, decision, decree, determination, dispensation, firmness, flatness, judgement, order, ordinance, peremptoriness, resoluteness, resolution, resolve, result, rule, stoutness, verdict, will, writ), frazã (pepper, phrase), condamna (adjudge, ban, blame, censure, condemn, convict, crime, decry, deprecate, fine, judge, reprobate, reprove, vituperate). (various references) | |
Russian | фраза (phrase), � (abide, agrarian, airmail, Algiers, alphabet, aluminium, amnesty, Arabia, Brabant, bronze, Cairo, castle, Chile, climb, clothe, door, English, everlasting, factory, find, know, love, lyric, madness, maintain, marsh, matter, menu, Mexico City, monkey, nearby, nought, pants, patient, pilgrimage, pregnant, quickly, rapid, rear, sheet, squirrel, take away, the Netherlands, theology, tiger, to, tup, useful, wealth, work, yes), предложение;приговор, предложение (isolated sentence, marriage proposal, offer, offering, proposal, proposition, suggestion, suggestion that, tender, theorem), приговор (adjudication, condemnation, judgement, judgment), приговаривать (adjudge, condemn). (various references) | |
Scottish | binn (melodious, musically sweet, sentence of condemnation, verdict). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | sentencija (maxim, verdict), rečenica (clause, phrase), presuda (adjudgment, adjudication, judgement, judgment, verdict), izreći osudu, izreći kaznu. (various references) | |
Spanish | frase (locution, phrase), condenar (condemn, convict, damn, doom, indict, trash). (various references) | |
Swedish | sats (batch, clause, dose, feed, jism, movement, proposition, rate, run, set, take off, theorem, thesis, type), mening (contention, drift, estimation, feeling, idea, import, intention, meaning, opinion, purport, purpose, sense, tenor), dom (adjudication, cathedral, decree, dome, doom, finding, judgement, judgment, them, they, verdict), döma (adjudge, adjudicate, condemn, damn, decide, deem, doom, find, judge, pass, send down, try, umpire). (various references) | |
Tagalog | pangungúsap. (various references) | |
Tahitian | 'irava. (various references) | |
Turkish | söz (assurance, commitment, committal, engagement, expression, faith, pledge, plight, promise, say, saying, spiel, statement, talk, term, upon my word, verbalism, vocable, voice, word, wordy), yargı (bar, deliverance, judgement, juridical, jurisdiction, justice, provision, ruling, verdict), vecize (aphorism, apophthegm, apothegm, dicta, dictum, epigram, gnome, Maxim, motto, posy), tümce, mahkum etmek (adjudge, condemn, convict, doom, rap), mahkeme kararı (court order, rule, ruling), karar (adjudication, award, conclusion, decider, decision, decree, determination, doom, fiat, finding, holding, judgement, resolution, resolve, verdict, vote), hüküm vermek (adjudge, adjudicate, bring in, condemn, decide, decree, doom, estimate, form an estimate of, judge, return, rule), hüküm giydirmek (adjudge), hüküm (adjudication, assize, authority, award, conclusion, decision, deliverance, dicta, dictum, doom, estimate, fiat, judgement, operation, predication, provision, proviso, rule, ruling, statute, verdict), ceza vermek (penalize, punish), cümle (clause, proposition), özdeyiş (adage, aphorism, apophthegm, apothegm, byword, dicta, dictum, epigraph, gnome, morals, saying). (various references) | |
Turkmen | sцzlem, hцkьm (command, order, verdict). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | судовий вирок (adjudication, censure), речення (clause), засуджувати (censure, condemn, criminate). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | án. (various references) | |
Welsh | dedfrydu, dedfryd (arbitrament, verdict), brawddeg, barn (judgement, opinion). (various references) | |
Zulu | umusho. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | di. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | addixistis, arbitrabatur, arbitrabitur, arbitramini, arbitramur, arbitrans, arbitrantur, arbitrari, arbitraris, arbitrati, arbitratus, arbitrentur, arbitretur, arbitrio, arbitrium, arbitror, condemna, condemnabimini, condemnabis, condemnabit, condemnabitis, condemnabo, condemnabunt, condemnans, condemnantes, condemnare, condemnas, condemnassent, condemnassetis, condemnat, condemnati, condemnatus, condemnaverunt, condemnavit, condemnemus, condemnet, decreta, decreti, decretis, decreto, decretum, iudica, iudicabant, iudicabat, iudicabimini, iudicabimus, iudicabis, iudicabit, iudicabitur, iudicabo, iudicabor, iudicabunt, iudicamur, iudicando, iudicandos, iudicandum, iudicans, iudicant, iudicante, iudicantes, iudicanti, iudicantur, iudicare, iudicarent, iudicarentur, iudicaret, iudicaretur, iudicari, iudicas, iudicasset, iudicasti, iudicastis, iudicat, iudicata, iudicate, iudicati, iudicatis, iudicatum, iudicatur, iudicaturus, iudicatus, iudicaverint, iudicaverit, iudicaveritis, iudicaverunt, iudicavi, iudicavimus, iudicavit, iudicavitque, iudicem, iudicemur, iudicemus, iudicent, iudicentur, iudicer, iudices, iudicet, iudicetur, iudici, iudicia, iudicialem, iudiciaque, iudicii, iudiciis, iudicio, iudiciorum, iudicium, iudico, iudicor, sententia, sententiae, sententiam, sententias. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Luke Chapter 23, Verse 24 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | O de pilatoV epekrinen genesqai to aithma autwn |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et Pilatus adiudicavit fieri petitionem eorum |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | ---------- |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And Pilat demyde her axyng to be don. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And Pylate gave sentence that it shuld be as they required |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required. |
