Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Selection |
SelectionNoun1. The act of choosing or selecting; "your choice of colors was unfortunate"; "you can take your pick". 2. An assortment of things from which a choice can be made; "the store carried a large selection of shoes". 3. The person or thing chosen or selected; "he was my pick for mayor". 4. A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. 5. A passage selected from a larger work; "he presented excerpts from William James' philosophical writings". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "selection" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1637. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Biology & Biotechnology | A laboratory process by which cells or organisms are chosen for specific characteristics. Source: European Union. (references) |
Computing | Taking the alternative A if the report on a condition is of one state, and alternative B if the report on the condition is of another state. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A physical process subsequent to the successful matching of a search question against the collection, in which the item successfully matched is indicated. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Algebraic language operator which, when applied to a relation, returns the nuplets meeting the specified condition. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Food & Agriculture | An uneven-aged silvicultural system in which trees are removed individually, here and there, from a large area each year, ideally over a whole forest or working circle, but from practical considerations almost always over the annual coupes of cutting series. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The picking out of plants with the best combinations of agricultural and quality characteristics from populations of plants with a variety of genetic constitutions. Seeds from the selected plants are used to produce the next generation, from which a further cycle of selection may be carried out if there are still differences. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Labor | Is the process in which managers decide on the acceptance or rejection of recruits and other applicants. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The process of choosing the individual most likely to perform the job effectively. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mechanical Engineering | Graphic presentation of data for human study. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | The process of selecting, e. g. for survival. Source: European Union. (references) |
Post & Telecom | Primary operation of translation, by which the sign to be printed or transcribed (or the control function) are chosen, automatically or otherwise, from the restituted signal. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A)the process by which a computer contacts a peripheral or station to send it a message; b)the process of indicating the number of the terminal being called. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Statistics | The process of selecting the classifiers of the population which will reproduce. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Natural selection is an essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin and generally accepted by the scientific community as the best explanation of speciation as evidenced in the fossil record.The basic concept is that environmental conditions (or "nature") determine (or "select") how well particular traits of organisms can serve the survival and reproduction of the organism; organisms lacking these traits might die before reproducing, or be less fecund. As long as environmental conditions remain the same, or similar enough that these traits continue to be adaptive, such traits will become more common within populations. Loss of the species' ecological niche or crowding-out due to population growth can change drastically the adaptive traits required to survive - in such conditions, or in any circumstance where survival is determined by ecology more than by the secondary sexual characteristics, an ecological selection is taking place (this term is used solely to differentiate processes irrelevant to mating, and is of modern usage, having grown up with the field of ecology itself).
Darwin's theory of the evolution of species through natural selection starts from the premise that an organism's traits vary in a non-deterministic way from parent to offspring, a process called "individuation" by Darwin. This theory does not make any specific claims as to how this process works, although more recent scientific discoveries in genetics explain several mechanisms that occur in the process of reproduction: in the case of both asexual and sexual reproduction, random mutation (including DNA transcription errors); in the case of sexual reproduction (which mixes the DNA of two parents into an offspring), gene flow and genetic drift are also important mechanisms. Competition (typically among males to impregnate females) for mates produces sexual selection - a process which Darwin considered secondary to ecological in most species.
Natural selection does not distinguish between ecological selection and sexual selection, as it is concerned with traits, e.g. dexterity of movement, on which both may operate simultaneously. If a particular variation makes the offspring which manifest it better suited to survival or to successful reproduction, that offspring and its descendants will be more likely to survive than those offspring without the variation. The original traits, as well as any maladaptive variations, will disappear as the offspring who carry them are replaced by their more successful relatives.
Therefore, certain traits are preserved due to the selective advantage they provide to their holders, allowing the individual to leave more offspring than individuals without the trait(s). Eventually, through many iterations of this process, organisms will develop more and more complex adaptive traits.
What makes one trait more likely to succeed is highly dependent on environmental factors, including the species' predators, food sources, abiotic stress, physical environment, and so on. When members of a species become separated, such as geographically, they face different environments, and tend to develop in different directions. After a long period of time, their traits will have developed along different paths to such an extent that they can no longer interbreed, at which point they are considered separate species. This is why a species will sometimes separate into multiple species, rather than simply being replaced by a newer form of the species (from this fact Darwin suggested that all species today have evolved from a common ancestor).
Additionally, some scientists have theorized that an adaptation which serves to make the organism more adaptable in the future will also tend to supplant its competitors even though it provides no specific advantage in the near term. Descendants of that organism will be more varied and therefore more resistant to extinction due to environmental catastrophes and extinction events. This has been proposed as one reason for the rise of mammals. While this form of selection is possible, it is more likely to play an important role in cases where selection for adaptation is continuous. For example, the Red Queen hypothesis suggests that sex might have evolved to help organisms adapt to deal with parasites.
Natural selection can be expressed as the following general law (taken from the conclusion of The Origin of Species):
The result is the evolution of species.
- IF there are organisms that reproduce, and
- IF offspring inherit traits from their progenitor(s), and
- IF there is variability of traits, and
- IF the environment cannot support all members of a growing population,
- THEN those members of the population with less-adaptive traits (determined by the environment) will die out, and
- THEN those members with more-adaptive traits (determined by the environment) will thrive
Note that this is a continuing process -- it accounts for how species change, and can account for both the extinction of one species and the creation of a new one.
Note also that the above law need not apply solely to biological organisms; it applies to all organisms that reproduce in a way that involves both inheritance and variation. Thus, a form of natural selection could occur in the non-biological realm (see, for example, Genetic programming). Note also that this formulation does not rule out selection occurring at all biological levels (e.g. gene, organism, group). Finally, note that the particular process of introducing new traits does not matter. Darwin first outlined his theory in two unpublished manuscripts written in 1842 and 1844 and more fully developed it for publication in The Origin of Species, especially Chapter 4.
Darwin ends his book with an often quoted passage: "There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into on; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and wonderful have been, and are being, evolved."
Perhaps the most radical claim of Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection is that "elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner" have evolved out of the simplest forms of life and according to a few simple principles.
It is this fundamental claim that has inspired some of Darwin's most ardent supporters--and that has provoked the most profound opposition. Some groups prefer to believe in divine intervention or guidance of the process, such as those favoring the Intelligent design school of thought. In addition, many theories of Artificial selection have been proposed to suggest that economic or social fitness factors assessed by other humans or their built environments are somehow biological or inevitable - Social Darwinism. Others held that there was an evolution of societies analogous to that of species. Darwin's ideas, along with those of Freud and Marx, are considered by most historians to have had a profound influence on 19th century thought, and to have challenged the rationalist and religious fundamentalist schools of thought that prevailed in Europe.
Compare: Genetic drift
See also: Artificial selection, Ecological selection, Sexual selection, Selection, Evolution
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Natural selection."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In the context of evolution, certain traits or alleles of a species may be subject to selection. Under selection, individuals with advantageous or "adaptive traits tend to be more successful than their peers reproductively--meaning they contribute more offspring to the succeeding generation than others do. Selection therefore increases the prevalance of these traits, because offspring inherit traits from their parents. When selection is intense and persistent, adaptive traits become universal to the population or species, which may then be said to have evolved.Whether or not selection takes place depends on the conditions in which the individuals of a species find themselves. Adults, juveniles, embryos, and even eggs and sperm may undergo selection. Factors fostering selection include limits on resources (nourishment, habitat space, mates) and the existence of threats (predators, disease, adverse weather). Biologists often refer to such factors as selective pressures.
Natural selection is the most familiar type of selection by name. The breeding of dogs, cows and horses, however, represents "artificial selection." Subcategories of natural selection are also sometimes distinguished. These include sexual selection, ecological selection, stabilizing selection, disruptive selection and directional selection (more on these below).
Selection occurs only when the individuals of a population are diverse in their characteristics--or more specifically when the traits of individuals differ with respect to how well they equip them to survive or exploit a particular pressure. In the absence of individual variation, or when variations are selectively neutral, selection does not occur.
Meanwhile, selection does not guarantee that advantageous traits or alleles will become prevalent within a population. Through genetic drift, such traits may become less common or disappear. In the face of selection, in fact, even a so-called deleterious allele may become universal to the members of a species. This is a risk primarily in the case of "weak" selection (e.g. an infectious disease with only a low mortality rate) or small populations.
Though deleterious alleles may sometimes become established, in fact selection may act "negatively" as well as "positively." Negative selection decreases the prevalence of traits that diminish individuals' capacity to succeed reproductively (i.e. their fitness), while positive selection increases the prevalence of adaptive traits.
In biological discussions, traits subject to negative selection are sometimes said to be "selected against," while those under positive selection are said to be "selected for;" as in the sentence Desert conditions select for drought tolerance in plants and select against shallow root architectures.
Types and subtypes of Selection
Stabilizing selection favors individuals with intermediate characteristics while its opposite, disruptive selection, favors those with extreme characteristics. Directional selection occurs when characteristic lie along a phenotypic spectrum and the individuals at one end are more successful.
See also:
- Natural selection
- artificial selection
- sexual selection
- ecological selection
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Selection."
Synonyms: SelectionSynonyms: choice (n), excerpt (n), extract (n), natural selection (n), option (n), pick (n), survival (n), survival of the fittest (n). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: cut-in (electrical engineering, physics). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Absence of Choice | Noun: no choice, Hobson's choice; first come first served, random selection; necessity; not a pin to choose; (equality); any, the first that comes; that or nothing. |
Choice | Selection, excerption, gleaning, eclecticism; excerpta, gleanings, cuttings, scissors and paste; pick; (best). |
Class | Manner, description, denomination, designation, rubric, character, stamp predicament; indication, particularization, selection, specification. |
Life | Genetics, heredity, inheritance, evolution, natural selection, reproduction (production). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | That's an unemployment solution right there, folks! It's called natural selection. (Denis Leary: No Cure for Cancer; writing credit: Denis Leary) This natural selection is good for the herd as a whole, because the general speed and health of the whole group keeps improving by the regular killing of the weakest members (Cheers; writing credit: Isaac Cronin; Wayne Wang) | |
Lyrics | To add to my collection, the selection (Nuthin But A "G" Thang; performing artist: Dr. Dre) | |
Clever | A diet is a selection of food that makes other people lose weight. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | On Our Selection (1932) Rudd's New Selection (1921) On Our Selection (1920) Natural Selection (2003) Unnatural Selection (1996) | |
Song Titles | Una Paloma Blanca (performing artist: George Baker Selection) Do Anything (performing artist: Natural Selection) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Interactive Region Selection. Credit: NASA. |  | Building their own freezing facilities inside their lab, ARS scientists experimented with every step in the process, from selection of the variety grown to harvesting, handling, blanching, freezing, packaging, storing, and transporting products to market. What these scientists learned helped immeasurably to ensure the survival and growth of the U.S. frozen food industry. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |
 | Natural Selection. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Natural selection. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Conversion. Jukebox plant. Production of the drill jig part, pictured here, is included in the conversion of a jukebox manufacturing company to war production. Control instruments based on the jukebox selection device will be manufactured for America's ar. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Headquarters food conservation Selection, preparation, preservation. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Wet & dry" by Craig Young Commentary: "Tyre selection a lottery." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Charles | I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term of Natural Selection. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A selection of the questions and answers appears below. (references) | |
Evaluation and selection of candidates have not been standardized. (references) | ||
Questions remain concerning dose, schedule, and patient selection. (references) | ||
Business | Partner selection is the most crucial issue. (references) | |
No rules exist to govern the selection or conduct of this committee. (references) | ||
The large selection in airline services has led to strong price competition. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Bangladesh | Government intrusion into the selection of news remained a pervasive problem. (references) |
Greece | Differences remain within the Muslim community and between segments of the community and the Government over the means of selection of muftis. (references) | |
Uzbekistan | A modest selection of other foreign periodicals is available in Tashkent's major hotels, and authorized groups can obtain foreign periodicals through subscription. (references) | |
Economic History | Argentina | This decree establishes the amounts determing the selection process. (references) |
Peru | You should be thorough in the selection of an agent or a representative. (references) | |
Oman | These names were then forwarded to the Sultan, who made the final selection. (references) | |
Human Rights | Dominican Republic | Court officials also began to implement new selection criteria for judges. (references) |
Hong Kong | Legal experts complained that the commission's selection process is opaque. (references) | |
Ecuador | In 1998 the Supreme Court supervised the selection by open competition of all appellate judges. (references) | |
Minorities | Bangladesh | Selection boards in the government services often lack minority group representation. (references) |
Russia | Authorities, journalists in the press, and the public have been quick to label Muslims or Muslim organizations "Wahhabists," a term that has become synonymous with "extremists." On March 11, NTV reported that the Mordovian State University had instituted a careful selection process intended to exclude potential "Wahhabis;" the university did not define the term. (references) | |
Political Economy | Kyrgyz Republic | The local elections were generally orderly but the electoral process lacked transparency in the selection of candidates. (references) |
Political Rights | Kyrgyz Republic | However, the pre-electoral candidate selection process lacked transparency. (references) |
Venezuela | The outgoing Ombudsman and others challenged the selection procedure but lost the appeal. (references) | |
Cuba | The authorities tightly control the selection of candidates and all elections for government and party positions. (references) | |
Travel | Korea | Thus, Seoul has the selection of deluxe hotels one would expect. (references) |
Hong Kong | Grocery stores are also stocked with an international selection of items. (references) | |
Bahrain | Hotel accommodations are excellent, with a large selection of five-star hotels available. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Macau | The interests of the PRC heavily influence local trade union activities, including the selection of union leadership. (references) |
China | The Dalai Lama, who by tradition approves the selection of important religious figures, continues to refuse to recognize the selection of Sonam Phuntsog as the seventh reincarnation of the Reting Rinpoche; many of the monks at Reting Monastery reportedly did not accept the child as the Reting Rinpoche, and eight monks were arrested in 2000 for protesting his selection. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DECALOGUE, n. A series of commandments, ten in number -- just enough to permit an intelligent selection for observance, but not enough to embarrass the choice. Following is the revised edition of the Decalogue, calculated for this meridian. Thou shalt no God but me adore: 'Twere too expensive to have more. No images nor idols make For Robert Ingersoll to break. Take not God's name in vain; select A time when it will have effect. Work not on Sabbath days at all, But go to see the teams play ball. Honor thy parents. That creates For life insurance lower rates. Kill not, abet not those who kill; Thou shalt not pay thy butcher's bill. Kiss not thy neighbor's wife, unless Thine own thy neighbor doth caress Don't steal; thou'lt never thus compete Successfully in business. Cheat. Bear not false witness -- that is low -- But "hear 'tis rumored so and so." Cover thou naught that thou hast not By hook or crook, or somehow, got. G.J. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | The higher officers of the local government have recently shown an anxious desire, in compliance with the orders from the parent Government, to facilitate the selection and delivery of all we have a right to claim. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | I propose legislation to establish unavoidable requirements for nondiscriminatory jury selection in Federal and State courts-and to give the Attorney General the power necessary to enforce those requirements. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Selection" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Selection" is used about 6,032 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 6,032 | 1,624 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "selection": automatic direct station selection intercom ♦ automatic route selection ♦ breed selection ♦ by selection ♦ domain selection ♦ dynamic route selection function ♦ flexible route selection ♦ fully decoded selection ♦ genetic selection ♦ Insurance Selection Bias ♦ most economical route selection ♦ natural selection ♦ Nuclear Utilization Target Selection ♦ painstaking selection ♦ Patient Selection ♦ Personnel Selection ♦ platform for Internet Content Selection ♦ pushbutton selection ♦ random selection ♦ route and destination selection informations ♦ Selection (Genetics) ♦ selection bar ♦ selection bias ♦ selection committee ♦ selection culture ♦ selection cursor ♦ selection finger ♦ selection match ♦ selection of samples ♦ selection or bunches ♦ selection pressure ♦ selection sort ♦ selection system ♦ sexual selection ♦ systematic selection ♦ target selection. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "selection": selection-committee, selection-out. | |
Ending with "selection": de-selection, non-selection, pre-selection, re-selection, self-selection. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "selection"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | seleksion natyror, zgjedhje (choice, discretion, election, exposition, matching, option, pick, poll), pjesë të zgjedhura, përzgjedhje (triage). (various references) | |
Arabic | مجموعة مختارة, الاصطفاء الطبيعي, إنتقاء, إختيار (chosen, draft, election, option, pick, picking, sampler, volition), شىء مختار. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | селекция, сборник от избрани произведения, сбирка (assemblage, mosaic), подбор, подбиране (matching, picking out), избор (alternative, assortment, choice, election, option, pick). (various references) | |
Chinese | 选择 (Alternative, Choice, Choose, Choosing, Chosen, option, select, selected, Selecting). (various references) | |
Czech | selekce, vybrané mužstvo, výbìr (access, assortment, choice, digest, miscellany, pick, range, variety). (various references) | |
Danish | syning (inspection, sorting, stringing), sortering (classification, dockage, grading, inspection, riddling, screening, separation, sort, sorting), selektiv avl (breed selection, genetic selection, selective breeding), selektion (addressing, natural selection, selecting), valg (choice, election), udvaelgelse (natural selection, selecting), udvælgelse, ordnet plukhugstdrift (selection system), naturlig selektion (natural selection), fremtagning, avlsudvalg (breed selection, genetic selection, selective breeding). (various references) | |
Dutch | sorteren (classification, classify, grading, inspection, separating, separation, sizing, sort, sorting, to sort), selectie (addressing, breed selection, genetic selection, identification, natural selection, selecting, selective breeding), teeltkeuze (breed selection, genetic selection, selective breeding), teeltkeus (breed selection, genetic selection, selective breeding), plenterbos (selection system), natuurlijke selectie (natural selection), keuze (alternative, choice, election, option), instelling (adjustment, establishment, institution), instellen (adjust, approach, bring into position, display, move into position, position, set, to arm, to cock). (various references) | |
Finnish | valinta (choice). (various references) | |
French | sélection (separation), choix. (various references) | |
German | Auswahl (anthology, assortment, choice, choosing, cull, eligibility, miscellany, pick, range, representative team, sample, select, selected, variety), Auslese (anthology, choice, election, elite), Wahl (ballot, choice, class, election, electoral, grade, option, poll, polling, preference, quality, return, vote, voting), Selektion (breed selection, deep generation, genetic selection, natural selection, selective breeding). (various references) | |
Greek | επιλογή (choice, option). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מבחור (choice), מבחר (assortment, choice, elite, range), בחירה (choice, choosing, election, option, pick), ברירה (choice), ברור (certain, clarification, clarity, clear, clearing, consideration, evident, evidently, explanation, implicit, manifest, obvious, obviously, patent, plain, sharp, straightforward), בררה (alternative, choice, option, pick, possibility, way), ברר. (various references) | |
Hungarian | választék (assortment, choice, election, range, variety), kiválasztás (choice, eduction, excretion, secretion, sorting). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pilihan (alternative, choice, dibs, dilemma, elective, option, preference), penyaringan (filtering, screening, sifting), bidikan (aim). (various references) | |
Italian | selezione (choice, cull, picking, screening), scelta (alternative, bet, choice, cull, election, option, pick, picking). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 選択 (choice), 選抜 (choice, picking out), 採択 (adoption, choice), 抜粋 (excerpt, extract), 抜擢, 抄録 (quotation, summary). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | せんべつ (farewell gift), みたて (choice, diagnosis), じせん (self-recommendation), セレクション , かんばつ (drought, long spellof dry weather, periodic thinning), せん (at length, attentively, beam, before, boastfully usurping, boil down, broil, carefully, choice, clip, compilation, cork, deeply, editing, fire, former, gland, hermit, hundredth of a yen, late, line, old, parch, precedence, previous, priority, profoundly, roast, snip, stopcock, stopper, the future, thousand, wire, wizard), せんてい (bilge, pruning, ship's bottom, the late emperor), とうた (weeding out), せんばつ (choice, picking out), しゅしゃせんたく (decision to adopt or reject, making a choice), せんしゅう (compiling, editing, last week, many years, specialization, the kick-off, the week before, thousand years, writing), せんたく (choice, laundry, washing), ばってき, ばっすい (excerpt, extract), さいたく (adoption, choice), しょうろく (detailed record, quotation, small stipend, summary), せんこう (acting arbitrarily, arbitrary action, batting first, bright red, departure of the emperor from the capital, distinguished war service, fine workmanship, flash, glint, going first, incense stick, light red, major subject, merit of war, one's late father, ore sorting, perforation, polarimetric, preceding, punching, rupture, scarlet, screening, special study, submarine voyage, travelling in disguise, travelling incognito, underwater navigation). (various references) | |
Korean | 선택 (Choice, Choosing, Optional, selective). (various references) | |
Manx | jeelym (collection, cull, gleanings, residue). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | electionsay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | selecção (breed selection, genetic selection, grading, inspection, screening, selective breeding, sorting), escolha (adoption, assortment, choice, choose, election, pick, refusal). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | seleção. (various references) | |
Romanian | sortiment (assortment, choice), selecţiune, selecţionare (selecting, sorting), selecţie (choice, choosing, pick), culegere de opere alese, colecţie (anthology, assemblage, collection, Garland, manifold, pack, set), alegere (alternative, balloting, choice, choosing, election, option, pick, preference, return, separation, voting). (various references) | |
Russian | выбор (adoption, choice, election, option, pick, selections). (various references) | |
Scottish | roghainn (a choice, choice, choosing, the best of). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | selekcija, odabiranje, izbor (adoption, assortment, availability, choice, election, option, pick, pick of), asortiman (assortment). (various references) | |
Spanish | selección (choice, picking). (various references) | |
Swedish | val (cetacean, choice, election, option, pick, return, voting, whale), urval (assortment, choice, choise, chrestomathy, highlights, sample), selektion (restriction). (various references) | |
Thai | ผู้ที่ได้รับการคัดเลือก, การคัดเลือก, ตัวเลือก. (various references) | |
Turkish | seleksiyon (natural selection), seçmeler (analects, anthology, omnibus, potpourri, qualifying round), seçme (choice, choosing, co-optation, digest, eclectic, pick, picked, recherche, sampling, select, spotting), seçim (choice, election, elective, poll, polling), seçenek (alternative, choice, option, pick), doğal ayıklanma (natural selection). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | відбір (choice, election, pick), набір (assortment, bank, gang, intake, suit). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự lựa chọn, sự chọn lọc (pick). (various references) | |
Welsh | detholiad. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | ekloge. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | dilectum, dilectus, electio, electionem, electionis, lectio. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 13, Verse 17 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | O qeoV tou laou toutou israhl exelexato touV pateraV hmwn kai ton laon uywsen en th paroikia en gh aiguptw kai meta bracionoV uyhlou exhgagen autouV ex authV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Deus plebis Israhel elegit patres nostros et plebem exaltavit cum essent incolae in terra Aegypti et in brachio excelso eduxit eos ex ea |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | God of the puple of Israel chees oure fadris, and enhaunside the puple, whanne thei weren comelingis in the loond of Egipt, and in an hiy arme he ledde hem out of it; |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | The God of this people chose oure fathers and exalted the people whe they dwelt as straugers in ye londe of Egypt and with a mighty arme brought them oute of it |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | The God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought he them out of it. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | The God of this people Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with a high arm he brought them out of it. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | The God of this people Israel made selection of our fathers, lifting the people up from their low condition when they were living in the land of Egypt, and with a strong arm took them out of it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 13, Verse 17 |
| Albanian | Perëndia e këtij populli të Izraelit i zgjodhi etërit tanë, dhe e bëri të madh popullin gjatë qëndrimit në vendin e Egjiptit; pastaj, me krahë të fuqishëm, e nxori që andej. |
| Cebuano | Ang Dios niining katawhan sa Israel nagpili sa atong mga ginikanan; ug ang katawhan iyang gituboy sa panahon sa ilang pagpuyo didto sa yuta sa Egipto, ug sa bukton nga binakyaw iyang gipagula sila gikan didto. |
| Croatian | Bog naroda ovoga, Izraela, izabra oce naše i uzdiže narod za boravka u zemlji egipatskoj te ga ispruženom rukom izvede iz nje. |
| Danish | Dette Folks, Israels Gud udvalgte vore Fædre og ophøjede Folket i Udlændigheden i Ægyptens Land og førte dem derfra med løftet Arm. |
| Dutch | De God van dit volk Israel heeft onze vaderen uitverkoren, en het volk verhoogd, als zij vreemdelingen waren in het land Egypte, en heeft hen met een hogen arm daaruit geleid. |
| Finnish | Tämän Israelin kansan Jumala valitsi meidän isämme ja korotti tämän kansan, heidän muukalaisina ollessaan Egyptin maassa, ja vei heidät sieltä ulos kohotetulla käsivarrella, |
| French | Le Dieu de ce peuple d`Israël a choisi nos pères. Il mit ce peuple en honneur pendant son séjour au pays d`Égypte, et il l`en fit sortir par son bras puissant. |
| German | Der Gott dieses Volkes hat erwählt unsre Väter und erhöht das Volk, da sie Fremdlinge waren im Lande Ägypten, und mit einem hohen Arm führte er sie aus demselben. |
| Hungarian | Ennek a népnek, Izráelnek Istene kiválasztotta a mi atyáinkat, és e népet fölemelte, mikor Égyiptomnak földében jövevények valának, és onnét kihozá õket hatalmas karja által. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Allah bangsa Israel sudah memilih nenek moyang kita, dan menjadikan bangsa ini bangsa yang besar sewaktu mereka tinggal di Mesir sebagai orang asing. Kemudian dengan kuasa yang besar Allah membawa mereka keluar dari Mesir. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Bahwa Allah, Tuhan kaum Israel ini telah memilih nenek moyang kita, serta meninggikan kaum itu tatkala menumpang di tanah Mesir, lalu membawa mereka itu keluar dari sana dengan kuasa yang ajaib. |
| Maori | Na te Atua o tenei iwi, o Iharaira i whiriwhiri o tatou matua, a whakanuia ana e ia tenei iwi, i a ratou e noho manene ana i te whenua o Ihipa, i runga tonu ano te ringa i arahina mai ai ratou e ia i reira. |
