Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Selected |
SelectedAdjective1. Chosen in preference to another. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "selected" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Food & Agriculture | Of seeds and plants, derived from clearly defined and carefully chosen natural stands or plantations that conform to specified standards and have been approved and registered by a designated authority. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Natural selection is an essential mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin and generally accepted by the scientific community as the best explanation of speciation as evidenced in the fossil record.The basic concept is that environmental conditions (or "nature") determine (or "select") how well particular traits of organisms can serve the survival and reproduction of the organism; organisms lacking these traits might die before reproducing, or be less fecund. As long as environmental conditions remain the same, or similar enough that these traits continue to be adaptive, such traits will become more common within populations. Loss of the species' ecological niche or crowding-out due to population growth can change drastically the adaptive traits required to survive - in such conditions, or in any circumstance where survival is determined by ecology more than by the secondary sexual characteristics, an ecological selection is taking place (this term is used solely to differentiate processes irrelevant to mating, and is of modern usage, having grown up with the field of ecology itself).
Darwin's theory of the evolution of species through natural selection starts from the premise that an organism's traits vary in a non-deterministic way from parent to offspring, a process called "individuation" by Darwin. This theory does not make any specific claims as to how this process works, although more recent scientific discoveries in genetics explain several mechanisms that occur in the process of reproduction: in the case of both asexual and sexual reproduction, random mutation (including DNA transcription errors); in the case of sexual reproduction (which mixes the DNA of two parents into an offspring), gene flow and genetic drift are also important mechanisms. Competition (typically among males to impregnate females) for mates produces sexual selection - a process which Darwin considered secondary to ecological in most species.
Natural selection does not distinguish between ecological selection and sexual selection, as it is concerned with traits, e.g. dexterity of movement, on which both may operate simultaneously. If a particular variation makes the offspring which manifest it better suited to survival or to successful reproduction, that offspring and its descendants will be more likely to survive than those offspring without the variation. The original traits, as well as any maladaptive variations, will disappear as the offspring who carry them are replaced by their more successful relatives.
Therefore, certain traits are preserved due to the selective advantage they provide to their holders, allowing the individual to leave more offspring than individuals without the trait(s). Eventually, through many iterations of this process, organisms will develop more and more complex adaptive traits.
What makes one trait more likely to succeed is highly dependent on environmental factors, including the species' predators, food sources, abiotic stress, physical environment, and so on. When members of a species become separated, such as geographically, they face different environments, and tend to develop in different directions. After a long period of time, their traits will have developed along different paths to such an extent that they can no longer interbreed, at which point they are considered separate species. This is why a species will sometimes separate into multiple species, rather than simply being replaced by a newer form of the species (from this fact Darwin suggested that all species today have evolved from a common ancestor).
Additionally, some scientists have theorized that an adaptation which serves to make the organism more adaptable in the future will also tend to supplant its competitors even though it provides no specific advantage in the near term. Descendants of that organism will be more varied and therefore more resistant to extinction due to environmental catastrophes and extinction events. This has been proposed as one reason for the rise of mammals. While this form of selection is possible, it is more likely to play an important role in cases where selection for adaptation is continuous. For example, the Red Queen hypothesis suggests that sex might have evolved to help organisms adapt to deal with parasites.
Natural selection can be expressed as the following general law (taken from the conclusion of The Origin of Species):
The result is the evolution of species.
- IF there are organisms that reproduce, and
- IF offspring inherit traits from their progenitor(s), and
- IF there is variability of traits, and
- IF the environment cannot support all members of a growing population,
- THEN those members of the population with less-adaptive traits (determined by the environment) will die out, and
- THEN those members with more-adaptive traits (determined by the environment) will thrive
Note that this is a continuing process -- it accounts for how species change, and can account for both the extinction of one species and the creation of a new one.
Note also that the above law need not apply solely to biological organisms; it applies to all organisms that reproduce in a way that involves both inheritance and variation. Thus, a form of natural selection could occur in the non-biological realm (see, for example, Genetic programming). Note also that this formulation does not rule out selection occurring at all biological levels (e.g. gene, organism, group). Finally, note that the particular process of introducing new traits does not matter. Darwin first outlined his theory in two unpublished manuscripts written in 1842 and 1844 and more fully developed it for publication in The Origin of Species, especially Chapter 4.
Darwin ends his book with an often quoted passage: "There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into on; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and wonderful have been, and are being, evolved."
Perhaps the most radical claim of Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection is that "elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner" have evolved out of the simplest forms of life and according to a few simple principles.
It is this fundamental claim that has inspired some of Darwin's most ardent supporters--and that has provoked the most profound opposition. Some groups prefer to believe in divine intervention or guidance of the process, such as those favoring the Intelligent design school of thought. In addition, many theories of Artificial selection have been proposed to suggest that economic or social fitness factors assessed by other humans or their built environments are somehow biological or inevitable - Social Darwinism. Others held that there was an evolution of societies analogous to that of species. Darwin's ideas, along with those of Freud and Marx, are considered by most historians to have had a profound influence on 19th century thought, and to have challenged the rationalist and religious fundamentalist schools of thought that prevailed in Europe.
Compare: Genetic drift
See also: Artificial selection, Ecological selection, Sexual selection, Selection, Evolution
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Natural selection."
| Antonym: unselected (adj). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You have been selected as its progenitors, like gods you offspring will return to Earth and shape it in their image (Moonraker; writing credit: Christopher Wood) The men of marine force recon are selected to carry out illegal operations throughout the world (The Rock; writing credit: David Weisberg; Douglas Cook) We have randomly selected weapons to put in your kits, so you might get lucky, and you might not. (Batoru rowaiaru; writing credit: Kenta Fukasaku; Koshun Takami) I hasten to add that since each man will be required to do prodigious service along these lines, the women will have to be selected for their sexual characteristics which will have to be of a highly stimulating nature (Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb; writing credit: Peter George; Stanley Kubrick) | |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Shown is a culture medium and the hands of a technician. In this recombinant DNA technology, the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus is being cloned in bacteria. Those bacteria that have incorporated the gene are no longer resistant to the antibiotic tetracycline. By growing the bacteria on media that includes tetracycline, the colonies that don't grow are selected (circled in slide). These bacteria have incorporated the gene that is being studied. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | The planets Neptune and Pluto have been selected as targets for original observations by ... Credit: NASA. |
 | NASA has selected TRW to build the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), a successor to the ... Credit: NASA. |  | Selected portions from the deep survey. Credit: NASA. |
 | Measuring through house on Pasadena Base Line selected to pass through window and out other side Base line length was over 20 miles Base line party of Clement L. Garner. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | This image shows a control site at the Mona Island reef. Control sites were selected at random to measure conditions of the reef outside the impacted area. Control sites help scientists determine the success of the restoration effort by later comparing conditions at the control site with those within the restoration areas. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Little Eightmile Ranch along the Lemhi River, one of the areas selected for for the livestock exclusion fencing restoration project. This image shows the stream prior to the fencing. Erosion is evident. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | A prescribed or planned grazing system improves or maintains the health and vigor of selected plants. Credit: Scott Engle. |
 | Forest stand improvement involves cutting or killing selected trees and understory vegetation to improve tree stands. Credit: Bruce Hanson. |  | More nutritious rice could come from descendants of these plants, whose ancestors were grown by Gideon Schaeffer from tissue-cultured cells specially selected for their high lysine content. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Lights in Alingsås, Sweden" by Frank Mortensen Commentary: "Lights in Alingsås, Sweden. Six ELDA workshops heads have been chosen to lead the workshops. They have selected six different objects in the town of Alingsås. www.alingsas.se/ljus_0 ..." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
George Santayana | The environment fosters and selects; the seed must contain the potentiality and direction of the life to be selected. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | All fines made with us unjustly and against the law of the land, and all amercements, imposed unjustly and against the law of the land, shall be entirely remitted, or else it shall be done concerning them according to the decision of the five and twenty barons whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the pease, or according to the judgment of the majority of the same, along with the aforesaid Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be present, and such others as he may wish to bring with him for this purpose, and if he cannot be present the business shall nevertheless proceed without him, provided always that if any one or more of the aforesaid five and twenty barons are in a similar suit, they shall be removed as far as concerns this particular judgment, others being substituted in their places after having been selected by the rest of the same five and twenty for this purpose only, and after having been sworn. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-1999 | If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | These four Members of the League shall be selected by the Assembly from time to time in its discretion. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The reader was a large pupil, selected for the week |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Such therapy should be directed at selected high-risk patients. (references) | |
Nosocomial disease surveillance is conducted by NNIS in selected hospitals. (references) | ||
Active population-based surveillance for candidemia is being conducted in selected U.S. sites. (references) | ||
Business | Zhu Rongji was selected to replace Li as Premier. (references) | |
KwaZulu-Natal has just selected the contentious winners. (references) | ||
Military purchases often are made from selected suppliers. (references) | ||
Children | Sri Lanka | The Social Services Ministry has selected job placement officers to help the estimated 200,000 work-eligible persons with disabilities find jobs. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Croatia | In line with this legislation, the new HRT council was selected in May. (references) |
Poland | Private television broadcasters operate on frequencies selected by the Ministry of Communications and auctioned by the KRRiTV. (references) | |
Economic History | Saudi Arabia | Key expert advisors were selected in mid-2001. (references) |
Republic of Congo | Brazzaville was selected as the federal capital. (references) | |
South Africa | Selected grants approved for FY 2000 are listed below. (references) | |
Human Rights | India | The Chief Justice is selected on the basis of seniority. (references) |
Indonesia | The DPR had not selected the new commissioners by year's end. (references) | |
Korea | Often those relocated are selected on the basis of family background. (references) | |
Political Economy | DOMINICAN REPUBLIC | Private investment has been permitted in selected sites. (references) |
Guatemala | An independent human rights ombudsman is selected by and reports to Congress. (references) | |
Vietnam | That held in April 2001 selected Nong Duc Manh as the new CPV General Secretary. (references) | |
Political Rights | Samoa | Matai are selected by family agreement; there is no age qualification. (references) |
Marshall Islands | The President subsequently selected 10 cabinet ministers from among the Nitijela members. (references) | |
Bhutan | The law does not make clear how a candidate is selected if none achieves a simple majority. (references) | |
Trade | Germany | Pork: Selected market opportunities exist for imports of pork. (references) |
Australia | The first site selected was the Steel River Facility (Newcastle), near Sydney. (references) | |
Bolivia | FTZs are operated by private companies selected by the Government through public bids. (references) | |
Travel | Cote D'ivoire | No matter which option is selected it should be combined with use of insect repellents during evening hours. (references) |
Trinidad | Where the public holiday is a religious observance, the date is selected in accordance with the particular religious calendar. (references) | |
Women | Mozambique | In 2000 the military began to recruit women for the first time since the institution of the compulsory service law, and of the 93 women registered, 20 to 30 were selected to undergo military training. (references) |
Worker Rights | Jamaica | The University and Allied Workers Union has charged that the former National Security Minister attempted to negotiate with selected guards individually. (references) |
China | Tibetan monks have claimed that they were forced to sign statements pledging allegiance to the boy the Government selected as the reincarnation of the Panchen Lama. (references) | |
Korea | However, there are no reports of special hiring and other labor practices in the FEZ, and it is believed that workers in the FEZ are carefully screened and selected. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | GUNPOWDER, n. An agency employed by civilized nations for the settlement of disputes which might become troublesome if left unadjusted. By most writers the invention of gunpowder is ascribed to the Chinese, but not upon very convincing evidence. Milton says it was invented by the devil to dispel angels with, and this opinion seems to derive some support from the scarcity of angels. Moreover, it has the hearty concurrence of the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. Secretary Wilson became interested in gunpowder through an event that occurred on the Government experimental farm in the District of Columbia. One day, several years ago, a rogue imperfectly reverent of the Secretary's profound attainments and personal character presented him with a sack of gunpowder, representing it as the sed of the Flashawful flabbergastor, a Patagonian cereal of great commercial value, admirably adapted to this climate. The good Secretary was instructed to spill it along in a furrow and afterward inhume it with soil. This he at once proceeded to do, and had made a continuous line of it all the way across a ten-acre field, when he was made to look backward by a shout from the generous donor, who at once dropped a lighted match into the furrow at the starting-point. Contact with the earth had somewhat dampened the powder, but the startled functionary saw himself pursued by a tall moving pillar of fire and smoke and fierce evolution. He stood for a moment paralyzed and speechless, then he recollected an engagement and, dropping all, absented himself thence with such surprising celerity that to the eyes of spectators along the route selected he appeared like a long, dim streak prolonging itself with inconceivable rapidity through seven villages, and audibly refusing to be comforted. "Great Scott! what is that?" cried a surveyor's chainman, shading his eyes and gazing at the fading line of agriculturist which bisected his visible horizon. "That," said the surveyor, carelessly glancing at the phenomenon and again centering his attention upon his instrument, "is the Meridian of Washington." H |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Bob Costas | I think for a lot of people it would. The ideal is if the commissioner is jointly selected and jointly paid by the players and the owners. I think the players would be less interested in that than you might think. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | For this purpose he selected from among his fellow citizens a character whose integrity, talents, experience, and services had placed him in the rank of the most esteemed and respected in the nation. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | The Florida archives have not yet been selected and delivered. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | I ask the Congress to recognize that there are certain selected programs that meet the Nation's most urgent needs and they have increased. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | After eleven years during which we have tried containment, sanctions, inspections, even selected military action, the end result is that Saddam Hussein still has chemical and biological weapons and is increasing his capabilities to make more. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Selected" is generally used as a lexical verb (past participle) -- approximately 60.62% of the time. "Selected" is used about 3,110 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 60.62% | 1,885 | 4,533 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 32.61% | 1,014 | 7,291 |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 6.78% | 211 | 20,883 |
| Total | 100.00% | 3,110 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| Greece | Selected Textile Industry Association SA |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "selected": channel selected basic length ♦ method of selected point ♦ post selected busy hour ♦ selected candidate ♦ selected extracts ♦ selected fill ♦ selected group of cells ♦ selected lump lime ♦ selected special weather report. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "selected": selected-issue, selected-issues, selected-the, selected-twin. | |
Ending with "selected": carefully-selected, non-selected, pre-selected, self-selected, user-selected. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "selected"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | i zgjedhur (choosy, chosen, elect, elected, elective, picked, recherche, refined). (various references) | |
Arabic | مفضل (chosen, favored, favorite, favoured, favourite, preferable, select), منتقى (select), مختار (choice, chosen, elected, exquisite, select), راقي (elegant, pukka, select, sophisticated). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | подбран (assorted, choice, exclusive, handpicked, picked, picked out, select). (various references) | |
Chinese | 选择 (Alternative, Choice, Choose, Choosing, Chosen, option, select, Selecting, selection). (various references) | |
Czech | vybraný (choice, dainty, delicate, elegant, exquisite, grand, parliamentary, refined, select, sophisticated). (various references) | |
Danish | udvalgt. (various references) | |
Dutch | geselecteerd. (various references) | |
Finnish | solualue (cell, cells area, radio cell, radio zone, selected group of cells, zone), saarikartta (isolated region, map showing only a selected), valittu soluryhmä (cells area, selected group of cells), Rajaseutujen kehittämistä, rajaseutuyhteistyötä ja valittuja energiaverkkoja koskeva yhteisöaloite (Community initiative concerning border development, cross-border cooperation and selected energy networks), kalkkijauhe (pulverized lime, selected lump lime), jauhettu kalkki (pulverized lime, selected lump lime), huipputunti (bouncing busy hour, busy hour, peak busy hour, peak hour, post selected busy hour, rush hour), extraluokka (choice quality, extra quality, selected quality), erikoisluokka (special unit). (various references) | |
French | sélectionné (selective). (various references) | |
German | ausgewählt (assorted, choosing, chosen, select, selectively, well chosen), wählte aus, ausgewählte (subset), ausgelesen (choice, select). (various references) | |
Greek | περιοχή κελιών (cells area, selected group of cells), τα πορώδη είναι δυνατό να αποκαλυφθούν μέσω μελέτης διεισδυτικότητας ή ακόμη καλύτερα με επιλεγμένη χαλκούχα προσβολή για την αποκάλυψη τ (by a copper etch selected so as to show up the segregated zones in white ; the porosities then appear as black on the white segregated background), ταχυδρομικό αντικείμενο ειδικής επισήμανσης (item specially selected), τελικός πλειοδότης ή μειοδότης (successful bidder, tenderer selected), αν το μικρής φέρουσας ικανότητας έδαφος κάτω από το επίχωμα είναι μικρού πάχους απόθεση-που δεν ξεπερνά τα 3 m-είναι σκόπιμη η πλήρης αφαίρε (then the most satisfactory treatment is to excavate it completely and replace it by selected fill), αιχμή (nib, peak, pin point, point, spicule, tip), άσβεστος εις λεπτά τεμάχια (pulverized lime, selected lump lime), επιθυμητή δόση (desired quantity, selected rate), επιθυμητή ποσότητα (desired quantity, selected rate), εξαιρετική ποιότητα (choice quality, extra quality, selected quality), η μακρογραφία δείχνει οτι το επιλεγέν επίπεδο τομής συμπίπτει μόνον κατά μια πλευρά με την διεύθυνση των βασαλτικών κόκκων (the macrograph shows that the plane selected for the section coincides with the direction of the columnar grains on one side only), Πρέπει να επιλέγεται προσεκτικά η κοκκομετρική σύνθεση του υλικού που θα χρησιμοποιηθεί για την πλήρωση των αποστραγγιστικών τάφρων. (grading of the material used to backfill the drainage trench should be carefully selected), χάρτης μιάς επιλεγείσας,απομονωμένης περιοχής (isolated region, map showing only a selected), ώρα μεγίστης κίνησης (bouncing busy hour, busy hour, peak busy hour, peak hour, post selected busy hour), περιοχή κυψελών (cells area, selected group of cells), μεικτό φορτίο στερεού-υγρού από επιλεγμένα σιδηρούχα υλικά ανακύκλισης και χυτοσίδηρο προκαθορισμένο σε μετατροπέα BESSEMER (solid-liquid charge of selected works scrap and pig iron prerefined in a bessemer converter), βελτιωμένο υπέδαφος (capping layer, improved subgrade, selected fill), βελτιωμένο έδαφος θεμελιώσεως (capping layer, improved subgrade, selected fill), συναρμολογημένο πάνω στην πλωτή σχεδία το SHUTTERING οδηγείται με ρυμούλκηση στη θέση του επιλεγέντος συνεργείου οπλισμού σκυροδέματος (the shuttering is towed to a position alongside the offshore site selected for concreting), συστήματα μέτρησης ποιότητας και αξιοπιστίας λογισμικού για επιλεγμένα πεδία:ασφαλιστικά,διοικητικά και λογιστικά συστήματα (software quality and reliability metrics for selected domains:Safety), Μερικά επιλεγμένη κυψέλη (Partially selected cell), Κοινοτική πρωτοβουλία για ανάπτυξη των μεθοριακών περιοχών, διασυνοριακή συνεργασία και επιλεγμένα δίκτυα ενέργειας (cross-border cooperation and selected energy networks), Κοινοτική πρωτοβουλία για ανάπτυξη των μεθοριακών περιοχών,διασυνοριακή συνεργασία και επιλεγμένα δίκτυα ενέργειας (Community initiative concerning border development, cross-border cooperation and selected energy networks, INTERREG II(1994-1999)), ώρα αιχμής (bouncing busy hour, busy hour, peak busy hour, peak hour, post selected busy hour), η κρυσταλλική δομή ορισμένων καρβιδίων προσδιορίστηκε με ηλεκτρονική περίθλαση (a few carbides from micrograph were chosen to investigate their crystal structure by selected area electron diffraction). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מובחר (a, chosen, luxe, picked, prime), בלעדי (apart from, except, exclusive, sole, without), נבחר (chosen, delegate, elected, hand picked, representative). (various references) | |
Hungarian | válogatott (assorted, choice, elect, hand picked, picked, select), kiválasztott (chosen, elect, number, picked, picked men). (various references) | |
Italian | selezionato. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 謹選 (carefully selected), 詩選 (selected poems), 裏芸 (act or trick which a performer reserves for selected occasions), 選歌 (selected poems, selection of poems), 選に入る (to be chosen, to be selected), 特選 (choice, specially selected), 推奨文献目録 (selected bibliography), 新選 , 新撰 , 対象範囲 (selected range). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たいしょうはんい (selected range), すいしょうぶんけんもくろく (selected bibliography), しせん (branch line, glance, great poet, look, one's eyes, personal selection, point between life and death, selected poems, Szechwan, verge of death), しんせん (depth, dyeing, food and alcohol offering to the gods, fresh, mountain wizard, shade), きんせん (carefully selected, cash, gilded folding fan, heartstrings, money), うらげい (act or trick which a performer reserves for selected occasions), せんにはいる (to be chosen, to be selected), せんか (elective course or subject, fruit of battle, Hades, military gains, ravages of war, selected poems, selection of poems, sorting fruit, specialized course, the hereafter, war, war damages, war results), とくせん (choice, select, special, specially selected, urging soldiers to fight more vigorously). (various references) | |
Korean | 선정하는. (various references) | |
Manx | teiyt (fancy, high-grade, picked, plum, well-chosen), reiht (chosen, designated, elect, elected, elite, select). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | electedsay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | selecionado (choice, picked, select), seleccionadas, escolhido (chosen, picked). (various references) | |
Russian | выбранный (elected, handpicked), выбирать выбор выбранный;избранный, отобранный (handpicked, picked), отборный (choice, elite, handpicked, recherche), подобранный (handpicked, matched). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | odabran (choice, chosen, recherche, select), izabran (chosen, elected, picked, select). (various references) | |
Spanish | selectas, seleccionado (Wally), exclusivo (clannish, exclusion, exclusive, select, sole), escogido (choice, chosen, picked, select, well chosen). (various references) | |
Swedish | vald (chosen, elect, elected, elective). (various references) | |
Turkish | seçkin (choice, distinguished, eminent, excellent, exclusive, outstanding, picked, pre-eminencent, privileged, prominent, select, topflight, top-hole, top-line, well chosen), seçilmiş (chosen, elective, picked, recherche, select). (various references) | |
Turkmen | saяlama (choice, chosen). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | добірний (choice, picked). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | lecta, lectae, lectis, lecto, lectum, lectus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | 1 Chronicles Chapter 19, Verse 10 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai eiden iwab oti gegonasin antiproswpoi tou polemein proV auton kata proswpon kai exopisqen kai exelexato ek pantoV neaniou ex israhl kai paretaxanto enantion tou surou |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Igitur Ioab intellegens bellum et ex adverso et post tergum contra se fieri elegit viros fortissimos de universo Israhel et perrexit contra Syrum |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose out of all the choice of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he selected all the choice of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Now when Joab saw that their forces were in position against him in front and at his back, he took all the best men of Israel, and put them in line against the Aramaeans; |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | 1 Chronicles Chapter 19, Verse 10 |
| Cebuano | Karon sa diha nga si Joab nakakita nga ang gubat gipahimutang na batok kaniya sa atubangan ug sa luyo, siya mipili sa tanang pinili nga mga tawo sa Israel, ug gipahamutang sila batok sa mga Sirianhon. |
| Croatian | Vidjevši postavljene bojne redove prema sebi, sprijeda i straga, Joab probra najvrsnije meðu Izraelcima i svrsta ih prema Aramejcima. |
| Danish | Da Joab så, at Angreb truede ham både forfra og bagfra, gjorde han et Udvalg blandt alt Israels udsøgte Mandskab og tog Stilling over for Aramæerne, |
| Dutch | Toen Joab zag, dat de spits der slagorde van voren en van achteren tegen hem was, zo verkoos hij enigen uit alle uitgelezenen in Israel, en hij stelde hen in orde tegen de Syriers aan. |
| Finnish | Kun Jooab näki, että häntä uhkasi hyökkäys edestä ja takaa, valitsi hän miehiä kaikista Israelin valiomiehistä ja asettui sotarintaan aramilaisia vastaan. |
| French | Joab vit qu`il avait à combattre par devant et par derrière. Il choisit alors sur toute l`élite d`Israël un corps, qu`il opposa aux Syriens; |
| German | Da nun Joab sah, daß vorn und hinter ihm Streit wider ihn war, erwählte er aus aller jungen Mannschaft in Israel und stellte sich gegen die Syrer. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Yoab melihat bahwa ia terjepit oleh pasukan musuh di depan dan di belakang. Karena itu ia memilih tentara Israel yang terbaik dan menempatkan mereka berhadap-hadapan dengan tentara Siria. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka serta dilihat Yoab, bahwa dalam peperangan ini haluan tentara itu menampil kepadanya dari muka dan dari belakang, maka diambilnya akan segala pilihan orang Israel, dihadapkannya mereka itu kepada orang syam dengan pengikat perangnya. |
| Maori | A, no te kitenga o Ioapa e akina ana a mua, a muri ona e te hoariri, ka whiriwhiria e ia etahi i roto i te hunga whiriwhiri katoa o Iharaira, a whakaritea ana e ia hei tu i nga Hiriani: |
| Norwegian | Da Joab så at han hadde fienden mot sig både foran og bak, valgte han ut en del av alt det utvalgte mannskap i Israel og stilte dem op mot syrerne. |
| Portuguese | Ora, quando Joabe viu que a batalha estava ordenada contra ele pela frente e pela retaguarda, escolheu os melhores dentre os homens de Israel, e os pôs em ordem contra os sirios; |
| Rumanian | Ioab a vqzut cq avea de luptat wi knainte wi knapoi. A ales atunci din toyi voinicii de frunte ai lui Israel o ceatq, pe care a awezat -o kmpotriva Sirienilor; |
| Swedish | Då Joab nu såg att han hade fiender både framför sig och bakom sig, gjorde han ett urval bland allt Israels utvalda manskap och ställde sedan upp sig mot araméerna. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words ending with "selected": deselected, nonselected, preselected, unselected. (additional references) | |
| |
"Selected" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Selectae, selecter, Selectfeed. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "selected" (pronounced sule"ktud) |
| 7 | -u l e" k t u d | collected, elected, recollected, reelected, uncollected, unelected. |
| 6 | -l e" k t u d | deflected, inflected, neglected, reflected. |
| 5 | -e" k t u d | affected, connected, corrected, defected, dejected, detected, directed, disaffected, disconnected, intersected, disrespected, dissected, effected, ejected, erected, expected, infected, injected, inspected, interconnected, interjected, misdirected, objected, perfected, projected, protected, reconnected, redirected, rejected, respected, resurrected, subjected, suspected, unaffected, unconnected, uncorrected, undetected, unexpected, uninfected, unprotected, unsuspected. |
| 4 | -k t u d | abstracted, abducted, acted, addicted, afflicted, attracted, compacted, concocted, conducted, conflicted, constricted, constructed, contacted, contracted, contradicted, convicted, counteracted, deducted, depicted, destructed, detracted, distracted, enacted, evicted, exacted, extracted, impacted, inducted, inflicted, instructed, interacted, interdicted, obstructed, overacted, overreacted, predicted, protracted, reacted, reconstructed, redacted, reenacted, restricted, retracted, subcontracted, subtracted, transacted, transected, uncontradicted, unobstructed, unreconstructed, unrestricted. |
| 3 | -t u d | abrogated, abutted, accelerated, accented, accentuated, accepted, acclimated, accommodated, abated, abbreviated, abdicated, abetted, aborted, accosted, accounted, accredited, accumulated, acquainted, acquitted, activated, adapted, adjudicated, adjusted, admitted, adopted, adulterated, advocated, affiliated, affronted, aggravated, aggregated, agitated, airlifted, alerted, alienated, alleviated, allocated, allotted, alternated, amalgamated, ameliorated, amounted, amputated, angulated, animated, annihilated, annotated, anted, anticipated, antiquated, appointed, appreciated, appropriated, approximated, arbitrated, arrested, articulated, aspirated, assassinated, assaulted, asserted, assimilated, assisted, associated, assorted, attempted, attenuated, attested, attributed, audited, augmented, authenticated, automated, averted, awaited, backdated, baited, bankrupted, bated, batted, belated, belted, benefited, benefitted, benighted, berated, bested, bifurcated, bigoted, blacklisted, blanketed, blasted, blighted, bloated, blunted, blurted, boasted, boated, bolted, boosted, booted, boycotted, breasted, budgeted, busted, caffeinated, calculated, calibrated, capitulated, captivated, carbonated, carbureted, carotid, carpeted, carted, castigated, castrated, catapulted, celebrated, cemented, chanted, charted, chatted, cheated, chested, chlorinated, circuited, circulated, circumvented, cited, closeted, clotted, coasted, coated, coexisted, collaborated, comforted, commemorated, commented, committed, communicated, commuted, compensated, competed, complemented, completed, complicated, complimented, computed, conceited, concentrated, concerted, confiscated, confronted, congested, congratulated, congregated, conjugated, conscripted, consecrated, consented, consisted, consolidated, constipated, constituted, consulted, consummated, contaminated, contemplated, contented, contested, contorted, contrasted, contributed, converted, convoluted, cooperated, coordinated, copyrighted, correlated, corroborated, corrugated, corrupted, costed, counted, counterfeited, courted, coveted, crafted, created, credited, cremated, crenelated, crested, crusted, culminated, cultivated, darted, dated, daunted, deactivated, debated, debilitated, decaffeinated, decapitated, decelerated, decimated, decontaminated, decorated, dedicated, defaulted, defeated, deflated, degenerated, dehydrated, delegated, deleted, deliberated, delighted, delineated, delisted, demented, demonstrated, demoted, denigrated, denominated, denoted, dented, departed, depleted, deported, deposited, depreciated, deregulated, desecrated, desegregated, deserted, designated, deteriorated, detested, detonated, devaluated, devastated, deviated, devoted, dictated, differentiated, digested, dilapidated, dilated, diluted, disappointed, disassociated, discontented, interpolated, interpreted, interrelated, interrogated, interrupted, intimated, intimidated, intoxicated, introverted, inundated, invalidated, invented, inverted, invested, investigated, invigorated, invited, irradiated, irrigated, irritated, isolated, jacketed, jetted, jilted, jointed, jolted, jotted, knighted, knitted, knotted, lambasted, lamented, laminated, lasted, legislated, levitated, liberated, lifted, lighted, lighthearted, limited, liquidated, listed, litigated, located, looted, lubricated, lusted, discounted, discredited, discriminated, disenchanted, disgusted, disintegrated, disinterested, disinvited, disjointed, dislocated, disoriented, dispirited, disputed, disrupted, disseminated, dissented, dissipated, distorted, distributed, distrusted, diverted, divested, documented, domesticated, dominated, donated, dotted, doubted, drafted, drifted, duplicated, dusted, edited, |
