Secretary

Definitions: Secretary

Secretary

Noun

1. A person who is head of an administrative department of government.

2. An assistant who handles correspondence and clerical work for a boss or an organization.

3. A person to whom a secret is entrusted.

4. A desk used for writing.

Date "secretary" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references)

Domain	Definitions
Occupations	Schedules appointments, gives information to callers, takes dictation, and otherwise relieves officials of clerical work and minor administrative and business detail: Reads and routes incoming mail. Locates and attaches appropriate file to correspondence to be answered by employer. Takes dictation in shorthand or by machine [STENOTYPE OPERATOR (clerical) 202.362-022] and transcribes notes on typewriter, or transcribes from voice recordings [TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR (clerical) 203.582-058]. Composes and types routine correspondence. Files correspondence and other records. Answers telephone and gives information to callers or routes call to appropriate official and places outgoing calls. Schedules appointments for employer. Greets visitors, ascertains nature of business, and conducts visitors to employer or appropriate person. May not take dictation. May arrange travel schedule and reservations. May compile and type statistical reports. May oversee clerical workers. May keep personnel records [PERSONNEL CLERK (clerical) 209.362-026]. May record minutes of staff meetings. May make copies of correspondence or other printed matter, using copying or duplicating machine. May prepare outgoing mail, using postage-metering machine. May prepare notes, correspondence, and reports, using word processor or computer terminal. (references)
Public Administration	One employed to handle correspondence and manage routine and detail work for a superior. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

A secretary is generally a person who performs certain routine, menial, or detail tasks for a superior. It is commonly used to describe (usually female) assistants in corporate office settings, who perform duties such as typing, computer processing, time management, and schedule planning for an executive. Secretaries are often very hard-working, important members of any large business.

In 1952 American bussinessman Harry F. Klemfuss created a special Secretary's Day holiday in his company, to recognize the hard work of the women in his office. The holiday caught on, and is now celebrated in offices all over the world.

Some office secretaries object to the title of "secretary" saying it sounds demeaning or unimportant. Thus, in recent years the title of Administrative Professional or Administrative Assistant is sometimes substituted.

In some countries, a secretary is also the leader of a department of government, and performs duties equal to that of a minister of a ministry, for example The Secretary of Defense.

Secretary (film)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The film Secretary, starring Maggie Gyllenhaal and James Spader is a comedy-drama depicting a BDSM relationship. Gyllenhaal's character takes a job as Spader's secretary, starting a relationship that progressively takes on greater BDSM elements.

External links

http://www.informedconsent.co.uk/articles/secretary.html

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
SECDEF	English	Secretary of Defense	Telecom
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Synonyms: Secretary

Synonyms: escritoire (n), repository (n), secretaire (n), secretarial assistant (n), writing table (n). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Auxiliary	Votary; sectarian, secretary; seconder, backer, upholder, abettor, advocate, partisan, champion, patron, friend at court, mediator; angel.
	Aide-de-camp, secretary, clerk, associate, marshal; right-hand, right-hand man, Friday, girl Friday, man Friday, gopher, gofer; candle-holder, bottle-holder; handmaid; servant; puppet, cat's-paw, jackal.
Consignee	Functionary, placeman, curator; treasurer; factor, bailiff, clerk, secretary, attorney, advocate, solicitor, proctor, broker, underwriter, commission agent, auctioneer, one's man of business; factotum; (director); caretaker; dalal, dubash, garnishee, gomashta.
Director	Secretary, secretary of state; Reis Effendi; vicar; (deputy); steward, factor; agent; bailiff, middleman; foreman, clerk of works; landreeve; factotum, major-domo, seneschal, housekeeper, shepherd, croupier; proctor, procurator.
Government	President, vice president, cabinet member, prime minister, minister; senator, representatative, president pro tem, speaker of the house; department head, section head, section chief; federal judge, justice, justice of the supreme court, chief justice; treasurer, secretary of the treasury; director of the FBI.
Lawyer	Legal secretary; legal assistant; law student.
News	Press secretary, public relations department, public relations man.
Receptacle	Closet, commode, cupboard, cellaret, chiffonniere, locker, bin, bunker, buffet, press, clothespress, safe, sideboard, drawer, chest of drawers, chest on chest, highboy, lowboy, till, scrutoire, secretary, secretaire, davenport, bookcase, cabinet, canterbury; escritoire, etagere, vargueno, vitrine.
Recorder	Noun: recorder, notary, clerk; registrar, registrary, register; prothonotary; amanuensis, secretary, scribe, babu, remembrancer, bookkeeper, custos rotulorum, Master of the Rolls.
Servant	Secretary; under secretary, assistant secretary; clerk; subsidiary; agent; subaltern; underling, understrapper; man.
Treasurer	Secretary of the Treasury; Chancellor of the Exchequer, minister of finance.
Writing	Writer, scribe, amanuensis, scrivener, secretary, clerk, penman, copyist, transcriber, quill driver; stenographer, typewriter, typist; writer for the press; (author).
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	My secretary. (Fletch; writing credit: Andrew Bergman. Based on the novel by Gregory McDonald.) Dr. Lester, My name is Craig Schwartz, a small mixup with your secretary (Being John Malkovich; writing credit: Charlie Kaufman) George Costanza, assistant to the traveling secretary. (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) Secretary of War. (Duck Soup; writing credit: Bert Kalmar ; Harry Ruby) The American is a dead man, First Secretary. (Firefox; writing credit: Craig Thomas; Alex Lasker)
Movie/TV Titles	The Secretary (1971) Private Secretary (1953) My Dear Secretary (1948) Secretary Trouble (1948) Andy Hardy's Private Secretary (1941)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
Books	Acheson: The Secretary of State Who Created the American World (reference) Kissinger: The Secret Side of the Secretary of State (reference) Report on the Murder of the General Secretary (reference) Shadows of a Princess: An Intimate Account by Her Private Secretary (reference) The Press Secretary (America's Leaders Series) (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Company Secretary (reference) Illinois Secretary Of States Monthly List Of Corporations (reference) Secretary Bimonthly Report (reference) Secretary Fyi (reference) Sullivans Law Directory For The State Of Illinois - Secretary Ed (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	My Dear Secretary (reference) Secretary (reference) Andy Hardy's Private Secretary (reference) His Private Secretary (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Electric Secretary [EXPLICIT LYRICS] (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech	Corporate Secretary 4.1 (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Secretary of the treasury, Henry Morgenthau wields the trowel during the cornerstone laying for NCI's building 6 on June 24, 1939. Mrs. Luke Wilson, whose husband, a cancer victim, donated the land for the building, and Dr. Thomas Parron, the Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service, look on. The PHS was then a part of the Treasury Department. See also ar000175.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.		Dr. Thomas Parron, Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service and Henry Morgenthau, Secretary of the Treasury, participate in the cornerstone laying of NIH Building 6.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.
	DHEW Secretary, Caspar Weinberger visits CDC's classware cleaning facility, March 1973.Credit: CDC.		Joseph Henry - first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution Political ally and friend of Alexander Dallas Bache.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
	Gustavus Vasa Fox Assistant Secretary of the Navy during Civil War Served on Coast Survey in 1840's.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.		On board at Bergen, from left to right: H. Neuville, of the Natural History Museum at Paris; Professor Brandt of the University of Kiel; A. Fuhrmeister, secretary to the Prince; the artist Lovatelli; and the medical doctor, Dr. Baraduc. Plate IV, print 16. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.
	Companions on the voyage to Spitzberg. From bottom to top: J. Richard; F. Baraduc, the medical doctor; H. Neuville, a naturalist; A. Fuhrmeister, personal secretary to the Prince; Lovatelli, an artist and painter; W. S. Bruce, polar explorer. Plate VIII, print 1. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.		Air Force Secretary Dr. James G. Roche.
	Alice Pitsenbarger observes at right as her husband, William F. Pitsenbarger, center, accepts the Medal of Honor on behalf of his son, Airman 1st Class William F. Pitsenbarger, from Secretary of the Air Force Whit Peters, during a ceremony Dec. 8 at the U.		Two Clinton County SWCD Commissioners, Wendell Jones, NRCS District Conservationist; Audrey DeScheppper, NRCS technician; and landowner and Muscatine County SWCD Secretary, discuss local conservation issues in Muscatine, IA. [Slide 97CS3059].Credit: Tim McCabe.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Author	Date	Quotation
Marbury v. Madison	1803	It [is] decidedly the opinion of the court, that when a commission has been signed by the president, the appointment is made; and that the commission is complete, when the seal of the United States has been affixed to it by the secretary of state. (reference)
Treaty of Versailles	1919	Each of the Powers concerned may appoint a secretary. (reference)
Winston S. Churchill	1946	I agree with Mr. Bevin, the Foreign Secretary of Great Britain, that it might well be a fifty years Treaty so far as we are concerned. ("Iron Curtain" Speech)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Title	Author	Quote
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	Aunt Gillenormand went to her secretary, and opened it.
Gulliver's Travels	Swift, Jonathan	Thus by the great friendship of the Secretary, the whole affair was compromised.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Lee, Philip R. Assistant Secretary for Health. (references)
		The safety of irradiated foods has been endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and by the Assistant Secretary of Health, as well as by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (references)
Business		This virtual secretary can take messages, filter calls, and record contact numbers of correspondents. (references)
		The Interior Secretary and the Government's chief negotiator for Chiapas both resigned following the Acteal massacre. (references)
		The IACEE is led by the Senior Parliamentary Secretary and the Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of National Development. (references)
Children	India	The NHRC requested that the Assam Chief Secretary issue a detailed report on the incident and provide prompt medical treatment for the victims. (references)
	Mexico	The Mexico City Secretary of Education, Health, and Social Development stated previously that 78 percent of these children received some schooling. (references)
	Mexico	The CNDH received complaints about the services provided by the Secretary of Health, the Secretary of Education (SEP), and the Institute of Social Security. (references)
Civil Liberties	Angola	The MPLA's secretary general also influences the content and tone of state-run media reporting. (references)
	Dominican Republic	The AMD had permission from the Secretary of Interior to march against proposed social security legislation. (references)
	Bangladesh	In August 1999, immigration authorities seized the passport of Jatiya Party Secretary General Naziur Rahman Monzur. (references)
Economic History	Poland	Edward Gierek replaced Gomulka as First Secretary. (references)
	Kenya	The Permanent Secretary to the Treasury must approve such purchases. (references)
	Poland	In September 1980, Gierek was replaced by Stanislaw Kania as First Secretary. (references)
Human Rights	Philippines	The Justice Secretary said there was no evidence to support holding those released. (references)
	Panama	The PNP deputy director and secretary general address human rights problems that arise in the police force. (references)
	Cuba	Montes de Oca is the secretary general of the Human Rights Party of Cuba affiliated with the Andrei Sajarov Foundation. (references)
Indigenous People	Colombia	In July the Special Representative of the U.N. Secretary General on human rights defenders, Hina Jilani, and the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on extrajudical, summary, or arbitrary execution, Asma Jahangir, expressed their deep concern over the murder and disappearance of indigenous leaders in the country. (references)
Minorities	Argentina	On May 20, the Secretary for Security for the Ministry of Interior, Dr. Enrique Mathov, was the target of anti-Semitic remarks and shouts while attending the funeral of a member of the Federal Police. (references)
	Dominican Republic	In July Secretary of Education and Vice President Milagros Ortiz-Bosch announced that all children would be allowed to enroll in school through the eighth grade, whether or not they had a birth certificate. (references)
Political Economy	Vietnam	That held in April 2001 selected Nong Duc Manh as the new CPV General Secretary. (references)
	Western Sahara	After his consultations, the Secretary General proposed a series of measures in December 1998 to both parties. (references)
	Western Sahara	As the end of MINURSO's mandate drew near in February 2000, the Secretary General urged a review of the situation. (references)
Political Rights	Jamaica	One of the 16 cabinet members is a woman, as is the PNP General Secretary. (references)
	Swaziland	A woman serves as Secretary to the Cabinet and the head of the civil service. (references)
	Vietnam	The CPV Secretary General, formerly President of the National Assembly, is a member of an ethnic minority group. (references)
Trade	Bangladesh	The Bangladesh Bank is headed by a Governor, who reports to the Secretary, Finance Division of the Ministry of Finance. (references)
	Philippines	The Commissioner of Customs with the approval of the Secretary of Finance prescribes the requirements for temporary goods entry. (references)
	Bolivia	If the product contains drugs that are covered by the Vienna Convention, a special import permit must be obtained from the Secretary of Health. (references)
Travel	Philippines	Business lunches and dinners are usually arranged personally over the phone and confirmed by the secretary. (references)
	Argentina	U.S. civil documents submitted to Argentine consular offices do not require Argentine consular certification: the government of Argentina requires only a Hague Convention apostille certificate from the secretary of state of the U.S. state where the document was issued or from the U.S. Department of State for U.S. federal government-issued documents. (references)
Women	Spain	A 1998 study of 100 labor union contracts revealed that 38 contracts failed to use gender-neutral language, 22 employed gender-specific job titles resulting in the imposition of discriminatory wage differentials (i.e., the salary of a male secretary, "secretario," was 13 percent higher than that of a "secretaria" in one food processing industry contract), and only 17 addressed the problem of sexual harassment. (references)
Worker Rights	Mexico	The strike was settled peacefully after 18 days of negotiations involving Secretary of Labor Carlos Abascal. (references)
	Guatemala	An investigation continued into the June 2000 killing of Oswald Monzon Lima, the Secretary General of a fuel drivers' union. (references)
	Dominican Republic	In April the Secretary of Women signed an agreement with the IOM to help them design a comprehensive plan to combat trafficking. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	GUNPOWDER, n. An agency employed by civilized nations for the settlement of disputes which might become troublesome if left unadjusted. By most writers the invention of gunpowder is ascribed to the Chinese, but not upon very convincing evidence. Milton says it was invented by the devil to dispel angels with, and this opinion seems to derive some support from the scarcity of angels. Moreover, it has the hearty concurrence of the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. Secretary Wilson became interested in gunpowder through an event that occurred on the Government experimental farm in the District of Columbia. One day, several years ago, a rogue imperfectly reverent of the Secretary's profound attainments and personal character presented him with a sack of gunpowder, representing it as the sed of the Flashawful flabbergastor, a Patagonian cereal of great commercial value, admirably adapted to this climate. The good Secretary was instructed to spill it along in a furrow and afterward inhume it with soil. This he at once proceeded to do, and had made a continuous line of it all the way across a ten-acre field, when he was made to look backward by a shout from the generous donor, who at once dropped a lighted match into the furrow at the starting-point. Contact with the earth had somewhat dampened the powder, but the startled functionary saw himself pursued by a tall moving pillar of fire and smoke and fierce evolution. He stood for a moment paralyzed and speechless, then he recollected an engagement and, dropping all, absented himself thence with such surprising celerity that to the eyes of spectators along the route selected he appeared like a long, dim streak prolonging itself with inconceivable rapidity through seven villages, and audibly refusing to be comforted. "Great Scott! what is that?" cried a surveyor's chainman, shading his eyes and gazing at the fading line of agriculturist which bisected his visible horizon. "That," said the surveyor, carelessly glancing at the phenomenon and again centering his attention upon his instrument, "is the Meridian of Washington." H
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Al Hunt	General, you and Secretary Rumsfeld in recent days have spoken frequently about the increasingly bad behavior of Iraq and of Iran. You were asked a question about North Korea the other day, and you said basically not much has changed there.
Donald Rumsfeld	I'm involved, in the sense that I just came from a National Security Council meeting where the subject was the Middle east, for the most part. And I talk to the president, the vice president, the secretary of state on those subjects.
Judith Miller	Well I'm struck by the fact that there is still a difference in tone between Secretary Powell and the President.
Leslie Van Houten	Well, most of it was going to court. But I worked as a legal secretary. I spent a lot of time with my family and at the beach, you know. I like being around nature.
Mark Shields	Mr. Secretary, a year ago, you were the chairman of the Bush-Cheney committee, which won the White House. And next Tuesday is election day.
Robert Shapiro	You know, first of all, I'm so honored to be on the same show with Warren Christopher. And I had a chance to meet with the Secretary before this show. And I was discussing this.
Rush Limbaugh	That's why Secretary of State Colin Powell has urged congressional leaders to postpone a vote on a resolution expressing solidarity with Israel.
Trent Lott	I am pleasantly surprised. I knew that our military men and women were very capable. I had confidence in the President and his advisers, and Secretary Rumsfeld to develop a plan, and his uniformed military personnel to develop a plan.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
Thomas Jefferson	1801-1809	Estimates for the Naval Department, prepared by the Secretary of the Navy, for another year will in like manner be communicated with the general estimates.
James Monroe	1817-1825	By letters from the minister of the United States to the Secretary of State it appears that a communication in conformity with his instructions had been made to the Government of Spain, and that the Cortes had the subject under consideration.
John Quincy Adams	1825-1829	An account of the measures taken to give effect to this act will be laid before you by the Secretary of the Treasury.
Andrew Jackson	1829-1837	Some of them were referred to in my former message, and they are presented in detail in the report of the Secretary of War herewith submitted.
John F. Kennedy	1961-1963	We shall be in touch with the Secretary General of the United Nations with respect to reciprocal measures to assure peace in the Caribbean area.
Ronald Reagan	1981-1989	I am asking Secretary Don Regan for a plan for action to simplify the entire tax code, so all taxpayers, big and small, are treated more fairly.
George Bush	1989-1993	Sullivan, Lou Sullivan, Secretary of Health and Human Services, to lead a Domestic Policy Council review of recommendations on the quality, accessibility and cost of our nation's health care system.
Bill Clinton	1993-2001	Your former colleague, my first Secretary of the Treasury, led that effort and sparked our long boom.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

"Secretary" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 94.80% of the time. "Secretary" is used about 14,571 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	94.8%	13,813	658
Noun (proper)	5.2%	757	9,042
Total	100.00%	14,571	N/A

1. Secretary, MD (town, FIPS 70900)
Location: 38.60739 N, 75.94746 W
Population (1990): 528 (231 housing units)
Area: 0.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
Country: USA

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Expressions: Secretary

Expressions using "secretary": acting secretary ♦ agriculture Secretary ♦ appointment of a secretary ♦ assistant secretary ♦ bilingual secretary ♦ chief secretary ♦ commerce Secretary ♦ confidential secretary ♦ defense secretary ♦ education Secretary ♦ energy Secretary ♦ executive secretary ♦ first secretary ♦ foreign secretary ♦ home secretary ♦ honorary secretary ♦ interior Secretary ♦ labor Secretary ♦ legal secretary ♦ mister secretary ♦ navy Secretary ♦ parliamentary secretary ♦ permanent secretary ♦ personal secretary ♦ press secretary ♦ press secretary of the white house ♦ private secretary ♦ secretary bird ♦ secretary for war ♦ secretary general ♦ secretary of Agriculture ♦ secretary of Commerce ♦ secretary of Commerce and Labor ♦ secretary of defence ♦ secretary of Defense ♦ secretary of education ♦ secretary of embassy ♦ secretary of Energy ♦ secretary of foreign affairs ♦ secretary of Health and Human Services ♦ secretary of Health Education and Welfare ♦ secretary of Housing and Urban Development ♦ secretary of Labor ♦ secretary of state ♦ secretary of state for ♦ secretary of state for foreign affairs ♦ secretary of state for home affairs ♦ secretary of State for the Home Department ♦ secretary of the army ♦ secretary of the interior ♦ secretary of the Navy ♦ secretary of the treasury ♦ secretary of trade and commerce ♦ secretary of Transportation ♦ secretary of Veterans Affairs ♦ secretary of war ♦ secretary treasurer ♦ shorthand secretary ♦ social secretary ♦ stenographic secretary ♦ temporary secretary ♦ the white house press secretary ♦ transportation Secretary ♦ treasury Secretary ♦ under secretary ♦ under secretary of state ♦ War Secretary. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "secretary": secretary-at-war, secretary-before-last, secretary-brother, secretary-companion, secretary-cum-telephonist-cum-general-dogsbody, secretary-director, Secretary-elect, secretary-general, secretary-generals, secretary-librarian, secretary-manager, secretary-managership, secretary-pa, secretary-receptionist, secretary-ship, Secretary-treasurer.
	Ending with "secretary": co-secretary, General-secretary, under-secretary, vice-secretary.
	Containing "secretary": under-secretary for ministry of defense, Under-secretary-general.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Secretary

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
secretary	3,161	arizona secretary of state	379
illinois secretary of state	2,875	tennessee secretary of state	354
secretary of state	2,856	alabama secretary of state	352
california secretary of state	2,406	kentucky secretary of state	349
michigan secretary of state	1,925	mississippi secretary of state	345
texas secretary of state	1,277	massachusetts secretary of state	294
georgia secretary of state	1,240	oregon secretary of state	272
ohio secretary of state	1,121	secretary movie	268
sexy secretary	1,003	oklahoma secretary of state	263
colorado secretary of state	835	nc secretary of state	254
florida secretary of state	812	washington secretary of state	252
nevada secretary of state	762	kansas secretary of state	250
secretary sex	569	south carolina secretary of state	249
missouri secretary of state	565	pennsylvania secretary of state	235
delaware secretary of state	563	connecticut secretary of state	230
louisiana secretary of state	530	arkansas secretary of state	226
north carolina secretary of state	461	new jersey secretary of state	225
indiana secretary of state	392	secretary desk	224
minnesota secretary of state	390	iowa secretary of state	208
new york secretary of state	387	legal secretary	206
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Secretary

Language		Translations for "secretary"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Afrikaan		sekretaresse. (various references)

Albanian		sekretar (actuary, amanuensis, clerk, draftsman, draughtsman, receptionist, scribe), ministër (minister). (various references)

Arabic		‏وزير (minister, vizier), ‏سكرتيرة (secretariat), ‏سكرتير, ‏امين (square), ‏السكرتير (amanuensis), ‏أمين سر. (various references)

Asturian		secretariu. (various references)

Bemba		kalemba. (various references)

Bulgarian		секретер (secretaire), секретарка, секретар (actuary, amanuensis, clerk, officer, recorder, registrar, scribe, writer), министър (minister), писалищна маса (davenport, secretaire), държавен секретар (secretary of state). (various references)

Cebuano		sekretarya. (various references)

Chinese		部長 (head of adepartment, minister, section chief, section head), 秘書 , 秘书 (secretarial, Secretaries), 書記 (clerk). (various references)

Cornish		scryvynyas. (various references)

Czech		sekretářka. (various references)

Danish		sekretaer (escritoire), sekretær (Assistant), kvindelig sekretær. (various references)

Dutch		secretaresse (personal secretary, private secretary), secretaris. (various references)

Esperanto		sekretario, sekretariino. (various references)

Faeroese		skrivari. (various references)

Farsi		منشی (Actuary, Characteristic, Clerk, Scribe), محرم اسرار (Confidant, Privy), رازدار (Confidant, Confident, Repository), دبیر (Actuary, Teacher). (various references)

Finnish		sihteeri. (various references)

French		secrétaire (secretarial desk, secretariate). (various references)

Frisian		skriuwer (author, writer). (various references)

German		Sekretär (bureau, secretaire, secretary bird), Sekretärin (clerk). (various references)

Greek		γραμματέασ, γραματεύσ, γραφείο (bureau, desk, drawing-room, escritoire, office, office desk, study, writing desk, writing-desk), υπουργόσ (commissar, minister). (various references)

Hebrew		מזכיר�", מזכיר (redolent, reminiscent), לבלר (clerk, pen pusher, scribe), שר (captain, chancellor, chief, commander, head, minister, prince, ruler, vizier). (various references)

Hungarian		titkár. (various references)

Icelandic		ritari. (various references)

Indonesian		sekretaris. (various references)

Inuktitut		naqitaqti. (various references)

Italian		segretario, segretaria. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		長官 (chief), 秘書 , 事務官 (administrative official, commissioner), 書記官 , 書記 (clerk), 参事 (councillor), セイファート銀河 (a second, cesium, outdoor environmental educational program for city children, safety bunt, sailer, saint, saison, second bag, second base, secondary, secondhand, section, sectioning, sector, security, security hole, segment, segmentation, sexual, sexual harassment, sexual harrassment, sexy, Seyfert galaxy, theory, zippered carrying case), 主事 (director, manager). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		しゅじ (director, manager, subject, topic), しょきか�", しょき (anticipated, clerk, desire, early, expectation, expected, heat stroke, hope, hoped-for, hot weather, initial, initial stage, sunstroke), ひしょ (going to a summer resort, summering), さ�"じ (3 o'clock snack, childbirth, compliment, councillor, cubic, disaster, eulogy, horrible accident, newborn baby, praise, silkworm, three times), セクレタリー , じむか�" (administrative official, commissioner), ちょうか�" (bird's eye view, chief, morning newspaper). (various references)

Korean		차관 (Secretaries). (various references)

Macedonian		sekretarka. (various references)

Manx		screeudeyr (scribe, secretary bird, writer). (various references)

Maori		hekeretari. (various references)

Papiamen		sekretario, sekretaria. (various references)

Pig Latin		ecretarysay

Portuguese		secretário (amanuensis, Registrar). (various references)

Provencal		secretari, secret� ria. (various references)

Romanian		secretar de stat, secretar (amanuenses, amanuensis, clerk, scribe, writer), pasãre-secretar, ministru (minister, president). (various references)

Russian		секретарь (amanuenses, amanuensis, clerk, secretary bird). (various references)

Samoan		faiaoga (teacher). (various references)

Scottish		rùn-chléireach, rùnair. (various references)

Sepedi		mongwaledi. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		sekretarica (gal, sec), sekretar. (various references)

Spanish		secretario (banyan, clerk, registrar, sec, secretary bird). (various references)

Sranan		sekretarsi. (various references)

Swazi		mabhalâne. (various references)

Swedish		sekreterare (amanuensis, clerk, Marshal). (various references)

Tagalog		kalíhim. (various references)

Turkish		sekreter (amanuensis, girl friday, secretarial), yazman (amanuensis, clerk, pencil pusher, quill-driver, scribe, script girl), yazı masası (davenport, desk, secretaire, writing desk, writing table), kâtip (amanuensis, clerk, pencil pusher, quill-driver, scribe, typist), bakan (attendant, chancellor, minister, onlooking, secretary of state). (various references)

Ukranian		секретарка (office girl), секретар (actuary, amanuensis, clerk, receptionist, scorekeeper), міністр (minister), діловод. (various references)

Vietnamese		thư ký (officer), tổng trưởng, bí thư bộ trưởng. (various references)

Welsh		ysgrifennyddes, ysgrifennydd (scribe). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Secretary

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	adiutor, adiutore, adiutorem, adiutores, adiutori, adiutoribus, adiutoris, adiutorium, librariis, notarius, RM:secretari, secretaria, secretum. (various references)
Late Latin	300-700	cancellarius. (various references)
Medieval Latin	700-1500	secretarius. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Secretary

Language	Date	Source	Acts Chapter 19, Verse 35
Greek (transliterated)	250 BC	Septuagint	KatasteilaV de o grammateuV ton oclon fhsin andreV efesioi tiV gar estin anqrwpoV oV ou ginwskei thn efesiwn polin newkoron ousan thV megalhV qeaV artemidoV kai tou diopetouV
Latin	405	Vulgate	Et cum sedasset scriba turbas dixit viri ephesii quis enim est hominum qui nesciat Ephesiorum civitatem cultricem esse magnae Dianae Iovisque prolis
Middle English	1395	Wyclif	And whanne the scribe hadde ceessid the puple, he seide, Men of Effesie, what man is he, that knowith not, that the citee of Effesians is the worschipere of greet Dian, and of the child of Jubiter?
Renaissance English	1526	Tyndale	When the toune clarcke had ceased the people he sayd: ye men of Ephesus what man is it that knoweth not how that the cite of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddas Diana and of ye ymage which came fro heven.
Jacobean English	1611	King James	And when the townclerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Jupiter?
Victorian English	1833	Webster	And when the town-clerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not that the city of the Ephesians is a worshiper of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Jupiter?
Basic English	1964	Ogden	And when the chief secretary had got the people quiet, he said, Men of Ephesus, is any man without knowledge that the town of Ephesus is the keeper of the holy place of the great Diana, who was sent down from Jupiter?
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Secretary

Language	Acts Chapter 19, Verse 35
Albanian	Kancelari i qytetit, mbasi e qetësoi turmën, tha: ''O Efesianë, cili është vallë ai njeri që nuk e di se qyteti i Efesianëve është mbrojtësi i tempullit të perëndeshës së madhe Diana dhe i imazhit të saj që ra nga Zeusi?
Cebuano	Ug sa diha nga ang kalihim sa lungsod nakapahilum na sa katawhan, siya miingon kanila, "Mga tawo sa Efeso, kinsa ba ugod nga tawhana ang wala masayud nga ang siyudad sa mga taga-Efeso mao ang magbabantay sa templo sa dakung Artemisa ug sa larawan nga natagak gikan sa langit?
Croatian	Onda tajnik umiri svjetinu pa reèe: "Efežani! Tko to od ljudi ne zna da je grad Efez èuvar hrama velike Artemide i kipa s neba palog?
Danish	Men Byskriveren fik Skaren beroliget og sagde: "I Mænd i Efesus! hvilket Menneske er der vel, som ikke ved, at Efesiernes By er Tempelværge for den store Artemis og det himmelfaldne Billede?
Dutch	En als de stads schrijver de schare gestild had, zeide hij: Gij mannen van Efeze! wat mens is er toch, die niet weet, dat de stad der Efezeren de kerkbewaarster zij van de grote godin Diana, en van het beeld, dat uit den hemel gevallen is?
Finnish	Mutta kun kaupungin kansleri oli saanut kansan rauhoittumaan, sanoi hän: "Efeson miehet, onko ketään, joka ei tiedä, että efesolaisten kaupunki on suuren Artemiin temppelin ja hänen taivaasta pudonneen kuvansa vaalija?
French	Cependant le secrétaire, ayant apaisé la foule, dit: Hommes Éphésiens, quel est celui qui ignore que la ville d`Éphèse est la gardienne du temple de la grande Diane et de son simulacre tombé du ciel?
German	Da aber der Kanzler das Volk gestillt hatte, sprach er: Ihr Männer von Ephesus, welcher Mensch ist, der nicht wisse, daß die Stadt Ephesus sei eine Pflegerin der großen Göttin Diana und des himmlischen Bildes?
Haitian Creole	Bout pou bout, sekretè lakomin lan te resi fè foul la sispann rele, li di yo konsa: Moun Efèz, koute! Tout moun konnen lavil Efèz se li menm k'ap veye sou kay Atemis, gwo nègès, ansanm ak estati li a ki te tonbe sot nan syèl la.
Hungarian	Miután pedig a városi jegyzõ lecsendesítette a sokaságot, monda: Efézusbeli férfiak, ugyan kicsoda az az ember, a ki ne tudná, hogy Efézus városa a nagy Diána istenasszonynak és a Jupitertõl esett képnek templomõrzõje?
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari	Akhirnya panitera kota berhasil menenteramkan orang banyak itu. Ia berkata, "Penduduk Efesus! Setiap orang tahu bahwa Efesuslah kota yang memelihara rumah Dewi Artemis dan batu suci yang jatuh dari langit.
Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama	Setelah jurutulis negeri mendiamkan orang banyak itu, lalu katanya, "Hai orang Epesus, di manakah seorang di antara manusia yang tiada ketahui, bahwa negeri orang Epesus ini penunggu Artemis yang besar dan berhala yang turun daripada Zius itu?
Italian	Alla fine il cancelliere riuscì a calmare la folla e disse: «Cittadini di Efeso, chi fra gli uomini non sa che la citt� di Efeso è custode del tempio della grande Artèmide e della sua statua caduta dal cielo?
Latvian	Bet rakstvedis nomierinâja pûli, sacîdams: Efezieðu vîri, vai ir kâds cilvçks, kas nezinâtu, ka efezieðu pilsçta ir lielâs Diânas, Jupitera meitas, godinâtâja?
Maori	A, ka mariri iho te huihui i te kaiwhakawa, ka mea ia, E nga Epehi, ko wai te tangata kahore e mohio ko te pa o nga Epehi te kaitiaki temepara o te atua nui, o Riana, o te whakapakoko ano hoki i taka iho i a Hupita?
Norwegian	Men by-skriveren fikk hopen til å være rolig, og sa derefter: I menn fra Efesus! Hvilket menneske er det vel som ikke vet at efesernes by er tempelvokter for den store Diana og hennes himmelfalne billede?
Portuguese	Havendo o escrivão conseguido apaziguar a turba, disse: Varões efésios, que homem há que não saiba que a cidade dos efésios é a guardadora do templo da grande deusa Diana, e da imagem que caiu de Júpiter?
Rumanian	Totuw logofqtul a potolit norodul, wi a zis: ,,Bqrbayi Efeseni, cine este acela care nu wtie cq cetatea Efesenilor este pqzitoarea templului marei Diane wi a chipului ei cqzut din cer?
Shuar	Ipisiu pepru Papí-aintrisha aentsun itiatmamtik Tímiayi "Ipisiu Shuártiram antuktarum. Ii uunt yusri Tiana jee iistinia iichukaitiaj~i. Tura ni nakumkamurisha nayaimpinmaya iniarmiania nusha iischatniukaitiaj~i. Tura nunasha Ashí aents paant nékainiatsuk, Tímiayi.
Spanish	Por fin, cuando el magistrado había apaciguado la multitud, dijo: --Hombres de Éfeso, ¿qué hombre hay que no sepa que la ciudad de Éfeso es guardiana del templo de la majestuosa Diana y de su imagen caída del cielo?
Swahili	Hatimaye karani wa mji alifaulu kuwanyamazisha, akawaambia, "Wananchi wa Efeso, kila mtu anajua kwamba mji huu wa Efeso ni mlinzi wa nyumba ya mungu Artemi na mlinzi wa ile sanamu iliyoanguka kutoka mbinguni.
Swedish	Men stadens kansler lugnade folket och sade: "Efesier, finnes då någon människa som icke vet, att efesiernas stad är vårdare av den stora Dianas tempel och den bild av henne, som har fallit ned från himmelen?
Uma	Ka'omea-na, hadua totu'a ngata mpopengkalino-ra, pai' na'uli' -raka: "Ompi' -ompi' to Efesus! Kita' to Efesus mpojampangi tomi pepuea' hi Artemis, anitu-ta to bohe lia baraka' -na. Kita' to mpotimamahi watu to moroli' to monawu' ngkai langi'. Uma hema to uma mpo'incai toe-e ompi'.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Secretary

Derivations
	Words beginning with "secretary": secretaryship, secretaryships. (additional references)
	Words ending with "secretary": subsecretary, undersecretary. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Secretary" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: scretary, secartary, secertery, secetary, Secratary, secreatary, secreatry, secreta, secretar, secretari, secretarying, secretaryw, secreter, secretery, Secretorie, secretory, sectretary, sekertary, seretary, serretary. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Secretary"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "secretary" (pronounced se"krute'rē)
9	s e" k r u t e' r ē	undersecretary.
5	-u t e' r ē	budgetary, cemetery, cometary, depositary, dietary, dignitary, hereditary, interplanetary, military, monetary, nonmilitary, paramilitary, pituitary, planetary, proprietary, salutary, sanitary, solitary, tributary, unitary, unsanitary.
4	-t e' r ē	commentary, dysentery, fragmentary, involuntary, momentary, monastery, sedentary.
3	-e' r ē	actuary, adversary, ancillary, apothecary, arbitrary, aviary, beneficiary, bicentenary, Blackberry, blueberry, capillary, cardiopulmonary, Cassowary, cautionary, centenary, commissary, concessionary, confectionary, confectionery, Constabulary, contemporary, corollary, coronary, counterrevolutionary, cranberry, culinary, customary, deflationary, Dewberry, dictionary, disciplinary, discretionary, disinflationary, diversionary, Dogberry, dromedary, emissary, epistolary, estuary, evolutionary, exclusionary, expansionary, expeditionary, extraordinary, fiduciary, formulary, functionary, funerary, gooseberry, hackberry, honorary, Huckleberry, illusionary, imaginary, inflationary, interdisciplinary, itinerary, judiciary, lapidary, legendary, library, literary, luminary, mercenary, missionary, mortuary, mulberry, necessary, noninflationary, obituary, ordinary, pecuniary, preliminary, primary, probationary, pulmonary, quaternary, raspberry, reactionary, recessionary, revolutionary, Rosemary, sanctuary, savagery, secondary, semilegendary, seminary, stationary, stationery, statuary, strawberry, subsidiary, temporary, Tilbury, topiary, unnecessary, urinary, veterinary, visionary, vocabulary.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Secretary

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-c-e-e-r-r-s-t-y"
	-1 letter: caterers, recrates, retraces, terraces.
	-2 letters: careers, carters, caterer, cerates, craters, creaser, creates, ecartes, recrate, retears, retrace, sectary, serrate, strayer, tearers, terrace, tracers, tracery.
	-3 letters: aretes, arrest, artery, career, carers, carets, carter, cartes, caster, caters, cerate, certes, crater, crates, crease, creasy, create, easter, eaters, eatery, ecarte, eraser, erects, estray, racers, rarest, raster, raters, reacts.
	Words containing the letters "a-c-e-e-r-r-s-t-y"
	+3 letters: secretionary, subsecretary.
	+4 letters: cryotherapies, hyperreactors, oystercatcher, recrystallize, secretaryship, treacherously.
	+5 letters: counterplayers, hyperrealistic, oystercatchers, recrystallized, recrystallizes, secretaryships, undersecretary.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.