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Definitions: Scheme |
SchemeNoun1. An elaborate and systematic plan of action. 2. A statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery. 3. An internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world. 4. A schematic or preliminary plan. Verb1. Form intrigues (for) in an underhand manner. 2. Devise a system or form a scheme for. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "scheme" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | Scheme->C Scheme-to-C. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Chemical Industry | Of painting, the total paint coasting, consisting of two or more single coats, usually different. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Scheme is something entertained. Scheme is a Greek word meaning what is had or held (scheo) and entertain is the Latin tenco, to have or hold, also. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Slang in 1811 | SCHEME. A party of pleasure. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, a scheme is an important concept connecting the fields of algebraic geometry, commutative algebra and number theory. Schemes were introduced by Alexander Grothendieck so as to broaden the notion of algebraic variety; some consider schemes to be the basic object of study of modern algebraic geometry. Technically, a scheme is a topological space together with commutative rings for all its open sets, which arises from "gluing together" spectra (spaces of prime ideals) of commutative rings.
The algebraic geometers of the Italian school had often used the somewhat foggy concept of "generic point" when proving statements about algebraic varieties. What is true for the generic point is true for all points of the variety except a small number of special points. In the 1920s, Emmy Noether had first suggested a way to clarify the concept: start with the coordinate ring of the variety (the ring of all polynomial functions defined on the variety); the maximal ideals of this ring will correspond to ordinary points of the variety (under suitable conditions), and the non-maximal prime ideals will correspond to the various generic points. By taking all prime ideals, one thus gets the whole collection of ordinary and generic points. Noether did not pursue this approach.
In the 1930s, Wolfgang Krull turned things around and took a radical step: start with any commutative ring, consider the set of its prime ideals, turn it into a topological space by introducing the Zariski topology, and study the algebraic geometry of these quite general objects. Others did not see the point of this generality and Krull abandoned it.
Andre Weil was especially interested in algebraic geometry over finite fields and other rings. In the 1940s he returned to the prime ideal approach; he needed an abstract variety (outside projective space) for foundational reasons, particularly for the existence in an algebraic setting of the Jacobian variety. In Weil's main foundational book, generic points are constructed by taking points in a very large algebraically closed field, called a universal domain.
Around 1942 Oscar Zariski had defined an abstract Zariski space from the function field of an algebraic variety, for the needs of birational geometry: this is like a direct limit of ordinary varieties (under 'blowing up'), and the construction, reminiscent of locale theory, used valuation rings as points.
In the 1950s, Jean-Pierre Serre and Chevalley-Nagata, motivated by the Weil conjectures relating number theory and algebraic geometry, pursued similar approaches with prime ideals as points. According to Pierre Cartier, the word scheme was first used in the 1956 Chevalley Seminar, in which Chevalley was pursuing Zariski's ideas; and it was Martineau who suggested to Serre the move to the current spectrum of a ring in general.
Alexander Grothendieck then gave the decisive definition. He defines the spectrum of a commutative ring as the space of prime ideals with Zariski topology, but augments it with a sheaf of rings: to every Zariski-open set he defines a commutative ring, thought of as the ring of "polynomial functions" defined on that set. These objects are the "affine schemes"; a general scheme is then obtained by "gluing together" several such affine schemes, in analogy to the fact that projective varieties can be obtained by gluing together affine varieties.
See also the article on spectrum of a ring for a motivation of the paradigm "points are prime ideals".
The generality of the scheme concept was initially criticized: some schemes are extremely far removed from having any geometrical interpretation. Grothendieck and Dieudonné studied the category of all schemes, and Grothendieck's student Pierre Deligne later wrote that admitting bizarre schemes made the whole category of schemes much nicer.
The evolution of the scheme concept was not quite the end of the road; but the subsequent definitions of algebraic space and algebraic stack by Michael Artin for use in moduli problems are of restricted technical application.
A scheme X is a locally ringed space with a covering by open sets Ui, such that the restriction of the structure sheaf OX to each Ui gives a locally ringed space of type Spec(Ai) (where Ai is some commutative ring), up to isomorphism of locally ringed spaces.
(NB There was a shift in axioms: in the early days the above was called a prescheme and a separation axiom was required for a scheme.)
Schemes isomorphic to Spec(A) for a commutative ring A are called affine schemes. One may think of a scheme as covered by "coordinate charts" of affine schemes.
Schemes form a category if we take as morphisms the morphisms of locally ringed spaces.
Morphisms from schemes to affine schemes are completely understood in terms of ring homomorphisms by the following contravariant adjoint pair: For every scheme X and every commutative ring A we have a natural equivalence
The category of schemes has finite products, but one has to be careful: the underlying topological space of the product scheme of (X, OX) and (Y, OY) is normally not equal to the product of the topological spaces X and Y. In fact one can look at Spec (Z[X,Y]) for an example. In the category of commutative rings, Z[X,Y] is the coproduct of Z[X] and Z[Y]; this means that Spec (Z[X,Y]) is the product in the category of affine schemes of Spec (Z[X]) and Spec (Z[Y]) (and the inclusion into the category of schemes respects this). But all proper closed subsets of Spec (Z[X]) are finite. On the other hand Spec (Z[X,Y]) has many closed subsets V corresponding to polynomials P(X,Y) that are irreducible and of total degree higher than one: these are not in any sense derived from the two factors (and the underlying set of prime ideals isn't a cartesian product, either).
History and motivation
Definitions
The category of schemes
Since Z is an initial object in the category of rings, the category of schemes has Spec(Z) as final object.Types of schemes
missing
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Scheme."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| SCOOPS | English | SCheme Object Oriented Programming System | Computer - (OOP) |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: SchemeSynonyms: dodge (n), dodging (n), outline (n), schema (n), strategy (n), connive (v), intrigue (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Plan | Noun: plan, scheme, design, project; proposal, proposition, suggestion; resolution, motion; precaution; (provision); deep-laid plan; (premeditated); |
Drawing, scheme, schematic, graphic, chart, flow chart (representation). | |
Representation | Ichnography, cartography; atlas; outline, scheme; view; (painting); radiograph, scotograph, sciagraph; spectrogram, heliogram. |
Copy; drawing, sketch, drought, draft; plot, chart, figure, scheme. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | That's so we know where we rank in the scheme of things. (Titanic; writing credit: James Cameron) My son isn't clever enough to hatch a scheme like this. (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) I suppose the life of an anorexic duck doesn't amount to much in the broad scheme of things. (Babe; writing credit: George Miller) I do not hold with your scheme of cheating Mrs. Steinmetz out of her home so that you may build your concrete anthill on the spot where she has known so much happiness. (Herbie Rides Again; writing credit: Gordon Buford; Bill Walsh) Ralph, what do you need ten dollars for? What crazy scheme have you got in mind now? (The Honeymooners; writing credit: Herbert Finn; Marvin Marx) | |
Lyrics | And I know just how to scheme; ("Making Love Out Of Nothing At All"; performing artist: Air Supply) Im gonna keep it real still a scheme man coniver ("Life Story"; performing artist: Black Rob) You say it's a crazy scheme ("Deacon Blues"; performing artist: STEELY DAN) A fabrication of a grand scheme ("Telling Stories"; performing artist: Tracy Chapman) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Sex Wig Scheme (1972) Susie's Scheme (1917) Her Luckless Scheme (1916) Bunny's Scheme (1914) Willie's Great Scheme (1913) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The "face" on Mars. Taken from image 035A72. The image wasclipped, inverted (to produce the usual orientation which has been published),magnified by a factor of three, and contrast enhanced again, all usingColor It!™. (Note: Much of the "blocky" nature of the image is causedby the lossy compression scheme used in JPEG files.).Credit: NASA. |  | Projection scheme for aeronautical charts of the U.S. Army Air Forces This scheme was developed by Paul A. Smith, head of C&GS aeronautical charting Army Air Forces routes pioneered modern commercial routes.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Image of "the great Belly'ed Gnat or female Gnat." In: "Micrographia, or, Some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses....", by Robert Hooke. 1667. Call Number QH271 .H66 1667 Scheme XXIX. P. 193.Credit: Treasures of the Library. |  | Detail "Of the curious texture of Sea-weeds." In: "Micrographia, or, Some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses....", by Robert Hooke. 1667. Call Number QH271 .H66 1667 Scheme IX. Figure 3. P. 93.Credit: Treasures of the Library. |
 | Engraved plan of a section of the ship's side armor, showing armor support, backing and 10-inch iron armor, as planned for installation in 1874. This armor scheme reflects the ship's ultimate configuration, with a monitor-type armored extension around the hull at the waterline. Published in the book: "The Stevens Ironclad Battery", in 1874. The original volume is held by the Navy Department Library.Credit: NAVY. |  | Anchored in the Hampton Roads area, Virginia, on 25 May 1944. Photographed from a NAS Hampton Roads aircraft, flying at an altitude of 300'. Ship is painted in camouflage scheme Measure 32, Design 3AO.Credit: NAVY. |
 | Docked at New York City, 6 September 1918. She is painted in a "dazzle" camouflage scheme.Credit: NAVY. |  | Southern Rhodesia. Southern Rhodesia's development, already impressive, is closely linked with such vast projects as the proposed hydro-electric power scheme at Kariba Gorge on the Zambesi River.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Consternation of the aesthetic young wife after designing a perfect color scheme.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Spareribs and Gravy. "I've got a scheme to square ourselves with the king".Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Jonathan Swift | The stoical scheme of supplying our wants by lopping off our desires is like cutting off our feet when we want shoes. |
Kurt Vonnegut Jr. | I was taught that the human brain was the crowning glory of evolution so far, but I think it's a very poor scheme for survival. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | In periodically estimating Germany's capacity to pay, the Commission shall examine the German system of taxation, first, to the end that the sums for reparation which Germany is required to pay shall become a charge upon all her revenues prior to that for the service or discharge of any domestic loan, and secondly, so as to satisfy itself that, in general, the German scheme of taxation is fully as heavy proportionately as that of any of the Powers represented on the Commission. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Her resolution of refusal only grew more interesting by the addition of a scheme for his subsequent consolation and happiness. |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | Yes, I think our scheme will work fairly well. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | It was a scheme of subjugation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The new classification scheme is an important first step in the standardization process. (references) | |
It is difficult to answer questions about changes in sleep and wakefulness as functions of aging or of disease in older people because basic epidemiologic descriptive studies have not yet been carried out. Studies of the distribution of sleeping patterns and "disorders" need to be conducted in the "community" utilizing a representative sampling scheme so that the relationship of sleep patterns to possibly pertinent cultural, demographic, and other variables can be explored. (references) | ||
Business | The second method is a delayed payment scheme offered by foreign companies. (references) | |
This scheme helps to ensure that existing technical aids are more effectively utilized. (references) | ||
It would also be prudent to register with NATAM's supplier qualification scheme, TransQ. (references) | ||
Children | Taiwan | Children also are provided health care under the national health insurance scheme. (references) |
Economic History | Nepal | The Rahughat Project is a small 27 MW run-of-the-river scheme. (references) |
Norway | Norway has an investment guarantee scheme for Central and Eastern Europe. (references) | |
Human Rights | Ireland | For indigent defendants, the State assumes the cost of providing counsel under the criminal legal aid scheme. (references) |
Ireland | However, under the terms of the Decommissioning Law the authorities may not institute proceedings against individuals for any offense committed in the course of decommissioning illegally held arms in accordance with an approved arms decommissioning scheme. (references) | |
Political Economy | RUSSIA | In the conceptual scheme of the new code, trade unions are expected to play a balancing role in representing workers' interests. (references) |
Trade | Qatar | There is no deposit insurance scheme in Qatar. (references) |
India | The EPGC scheme now applies to all industry sectors. (references) | |
Pakistan | The export finance scheme is available to all commercial banks. (references) | |
Women | Bolivia | Violence against women is a pervasive problem, but no scheme exists to register such incidents systematically. (references) |
Switzerland | The Council of States--the upper house of Parliament--followed the lead of the Federal Council in December 2000 and required the Federal Government to develop a new maternity benefits scheme in line with the July 2000 proposal. (references) | |
Hong Kong | As a result of the 2000 EOC request for judicial review of the Education Department's allocation scheme for secondary school places (and in line with 1999 EOC and U.N. Human Rights Committee conclusions), the High Court ruled in June that the 23-year-old practice of separate ranking of boys and girls for secondary school admission purposes was discriminatory. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Benin | Labor unions continued to oppose the Government's merit-based promotion scheme. (references) |
India | Rugmark, which is a private initiative, operates a similar voluntary label scheme. (references) | |
Brazil | After he contacted a prosecutor in Rio de Janeiro to report the scheme, he was able to return. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | HEAD-:MONEY:, n. A capitation tax, or poll-tax. In ancient times there lived a king Whose tax-collectors could not wring From all his subjects gold enough To make the royal way less rough. For pleasure's highway, like the dames Whose premises adjoin it, claims Perpetual repairing. So The tax-collectors in a row Appeared before the throne to pray Their master to devise some way To swell the revenue. "So great," Said they, "are the demands of state A tithe of all that we collect Will scarcely meet them. Pray reflect: How, if one-tenth we must resign, Can we exist on t'other nine?" The monarch asked them in reply: "Has it occurred to you to try The advantage of economy?" "It has," the spokesman said: "we sold All of our gray garrotes of gold; With plated-ware we now compress The necks of those whom we assess. Plain iron forceps we employ To mitigate the miser's joy Who hoards, with greed that never tires, That which your Majesty requires." Deep lines of thought were seen to plow Their way across the royal brow. "Your state is desperate, no question; Pray favor me with a suggestion." "O King of Men," the spokesman said, "If you'll impose upon each head A tax, the augmented revenue We'll cheerfully divide with you." As flashes of the sun illume The parted storm-cloud's sullen gloom, The king smiled grimly. "I decree That it be so -- and, not to be In generosity outdone, Declare you, each and every one, Exempted from the operation Of this new law of capitation. But lest the people censure me Because they're bound and you are free, 'Twere well some clever scheme were laid By you this poll-tax to evade. I'll leave you now while you confer With my most trusted minister." The monarch from the throne-room walked And straightway in among them stalked A silent man, with brow concealed, Bare-armed -- his gleaming axe revealed! G.J. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Grover Cleveland | 1885-1889; 1893-1897 | Under our scheme of government the waste of public money is a crime against the citizen, and the contempt of our people for economy and frugality in their personal affairs deplorably saps the strength and sturdiness of our national character. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Scheme" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.68% of the time. "Scheme" is used about 11,756 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.68% | 11,718 | 786 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.17% | 20 | 78,262 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.14% | 16 | 87,710 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.02% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 11,756 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "scheme": 1985 Repatriation Subsidy Scheme ♦ a wild scheme ♦ butterfly Scheme ♦ character encoding scheme ♦ coding scheme ♦ color scheme ♦ colour scheme ♦ concurrent Scheme ♦ expert employed under a supplementation scheme ♦ font scheme ♦ fount scheme ♦ fraudulent scheme ♦ generalized scheme of preferences ♦ highway authorities products approval scheme ♦ housing scheme ♦ incentive scheme ♦ insurance scheme ♦ L2 association scheme ♦ lay a scheme ♦ maintenance scheme ♦ marking scheme ♦ mit Scheme ♦ occupational pension scheme ♦ pilot scheme ♦ portable Scheme Debugger ♦ portable Scheme Interpreter ♦ pour money into scheme ♦ profit sharing scheme ♦ pyramid scheme ♦ repartition scheme ♦ rhyme scheme ♦ Robert Schuman scheme ♦ scent a scheme ♦ scheme against ♦ scheme arch ♦ scheme for ♦ scheme Library ♦ scheme Object System ♦ scheme of a block of flats ♦ scheme of color ♦ scheme of colour ♦ scheme of life ♦ scheme of society ♦ scheme Repository ♦ tangential scheme ♦ the scheme backfired on us ♦ this scheme has gone far ♦ traffic calming scheme ♦ transfer pension scheme ♦ type scheme ♦ umb Scheme ♦ unfunded scheme ♦ work reintegration scheme. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "scheme": Scheme->C, scheme-by-scheme, scheme-housing, scheme-ii, Scheme-Linda, scheme-making, Scheme-to-C, scheme-tops. | |
Ending with "scheme": non-scheme, time-scheme. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
color scheme | 360 |
desktop floyd pink scheme | 354 |
sound scheme | 165 |
pyramid scheme | 153 |
scheme | 124 |
window sound scheme | 88 |
interior color scheme | 59 |
paint scheme | 50 |
paint color scheme | 44 |
ponzi scheme | 43 |
scheme sound window xp | 39 |
rhyme scheme | 37 |
kitchen color scheme | 36 |
exterior color scheme | 30 |
city scheme | 28 |
get rich quick scheme | 27 |
pet travel scheme | 27 |
color room scheme | 27 |
electronice scheme | 25 |
money making scheme | 23 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "scheme"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afrikaan | skema (model, pattern), projek (plan, project), konsep (draft, plan, project, rough, rough draft), plan (design, diagram, intention, meaning, plan, plane, project), beraming (plan, project). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | skemë (delineation, diagram, map, schema, skeleton, sketch), sistem (framework, method, model, pattern, system), thur intriga, projekt (blueprint, conception, design, device, plan, project, proposals, venture), planifikoj (aim, count on, dope, forecast, lay on, plan, program, programme, project, schedule), plan (blueprint, conception, delineation, design, device, dodge, draft, draught, idea, map, outline, plan, plane, plat, program, programme, project, Rede, schedule, survey, syllabus, target), makinacion (machination), konspekt (abridgement, abridgment, abstract, compendium, conspectus, epitome, note, sketch, summary, syllabus, synopsis), bëj projekt, bëj makinacione. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | كاد (assiduous, diligent, intrigue, laborious, persevering, plot, sedulous), مكيدة (artifice, intrigue, machination, plot, trick), مخطط (barred, blueprint, controlled, guided, planned, projects, ruled, schema, sketch, streaked, striped, stripy), مشروع وهمي (bubble), مشروع (design, enacted, enterprise, idea, legislated, licit, plan, project, schema, undertaking, venture), تأمر (machinate, nurture), خطط (adumbrate, blueprint, chart, delimit, delineate, design, draught, limn, line, model, pencil in, plan, program, programme, project, protract, set out, streak, stripe, trace), رسم خطة (plan), رسم بياني (diagram, graph, outline, schema, silhouette), دبر مكيدة (machinate, plot), برنامج (agenda, bill, card, emission, plan, platform, program, programme, schedule). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | заговор (cabal, confederacy, confederation, conspiracy, plot), интрига (cabal, intrigue, knot, machination, maneuver, manoeuvre, plot), интригантствувам (intrigue), план (blueprint, conception, dart, diagram, draft, draught, game, idea, layout, map, plan, plat, plot, program, programme, project, proposal, schedule, schema, set up, skeleton, sketch, view), планирам (arrange, contemplate, devise, glide, intend, map out, mastermind, plan, plane, project, schedule, volplane), проект (blueprint, contemplation, design, device, draft, draught, project, proposition), диаграма (chart, curve, diagram, graph, pattern, plan, plot, schema, sheet, tabulation), програма (card, line up, platform, playbill, program, programme, prospectus, routine, schedule, show, timetable), схема (device, pattern, plan, project, schema, sheet, skeleton), заговорнича (cabal, confederate, connive, connote, conspire, plot), метод (algorithm, method, mode, modus, process, system, way), начин (expedient, fashion, how, instrumentality, manner, means, method, mode, modus, resource, sort, style, way, wise), таблица (chart, scale, schedule, table, tabulation), система (frame, mechanism, method, modus, plan, series), скица (contour, cure, delineation, design, diagram, draft, draught, freehand drawing, object, outline, plan, plat, plot, schema, scream, skeleton, sketch, study, vignette), проектирам (design, engineer, plan, project, schedule). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 计' (PLAN, Planned, Planning, PLANS), 謀 (seek, to plan), 策劃 (bring about, engineer, plot), 筴 (policy), 策 (method, plan, policy), 巧計 (maneuver). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | systém (system), strojit úklady (plot), projekt (design, layout, plan, project, projection, undertaking), plán (blueprint, design, device, intention, map, plan, program, programme, project, roster, schedule, target), komplot (conspiracy), intrikařit (jockey), intrika (intrigue). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | skema (conceptual mode, conceptual schema, intension, model, pattern, schema). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | schema (concept description, conceptual mode, conceptual schema, description, diagram, generalization, intension, model, pattern, schedule, schema), plan (design, diagram, intention, level, meaning, plan, plane, project), ontwerp (design, diagram, outline, plan, plane, project, sketch, structural detailing), concept (concept, draft, plan, project, rough draft), blauwdruk (blue print, cyanotype copy, heliographic print, plan, project). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | skemo (model, pattern), projekto (plan, project). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | نقشه طرح کردن , نقشه (Chart, Design, Map, Model, Plan, Plat, Plot, Program, Project), تمهید (Appliance, Contrivance, Device), توطله چیدن (Collogue, Intrigue, Plot), ترتیب (Collocation, Configuration, Discipline, Layout, Management, Ordonnance, Rank, Regularity, Run, Sequence, Setup, Train), تدبیر (Contraption, Contrivance, Counsel, Design, Experiment, Gimmick, Machination, Plan, Rede), طرح (Cast, Diagram, Draft, Knack, Layout, Machination, Model, Module, Outline, Pattern, Plan, Plat, Plot, Project, Projection, Proposal, Schema, Skeleton, Sketch), رویه (Comportment, Cover, Instep, Ism, Metier, Procedure, Surface, Tack, Tenor, Top, Upper, Vamp), برنامه (Carrier, Plan, Schedule, Syllabus). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | kaavio (conceptual mode, conceptual schema, diagram, intension, schema, stencil), kaava (formula, intension, model, pattern, schema). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | schéma (conceptual schema, schema), schème (schema), projet (schema). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frisian | skema (model, pattern). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Schema (conceptual mode, conceptual schema, diagram, formula, intension, model, pattern, plan, schema), Plan (blueprint, concept, design, diagram, flat, idea, intention, level, map, meaning, plan, plane, plot, program, project, proposition, scenario, schedule, template, timetable, town plan), Projekt (design, plan, project, undertaking), Entwurf (bill, blueprint, concept, design, design assumption, diagram, draft, drawing, framework, layout, outline, plan, plane, plot, project, rough 2) thumbnail, rough sketch, sketch, specification, visual). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | σκευωρώ (cabal, concoct, machinate, trump), σκευωρία (cabal, concoction, fabrication, frame up, machination, trumped up charges), σύστημα χρώσης, συνδυασμόσ (blend, combination, combine), σχέδιο (concept, course of action, design, designing, draff, drawing, figure, layout, pattern, plan, plat, project, prospectus), σχεδιάγραμμα (design, drawing, outline, sketch), σχεδιάζω (cogitate, contemplate, design, devise, draw, engineer, frame, lay out, map, pencil, plan, plan for, plat, plot, project, propose, schedule, sketch), σχήμα (chart, conceptual mode, conceptual schema, diagram, figure, form, graph, intension, schema, shape). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מתכו ת (format, lay out, layout, measure, measurement, number, proportion, scale, standard, tale), מזמ" (conspiracy, intrigue, machination, plot), מרשם (chart, diagram, draft, receipt, registration, sketch), לתכ ן (contrive, design, devise, engineer, map, plan, plot, project, style, think up), לקשור קשר (conspire), לזמום (intrigue, plot, think up), לזו" (act wickedly, plot, think evil), לזום (devise, plot), לחבל תחבולות (conceive, plot), ל"ת כל (conspire, plan evil, plot), תחבול" (artifice, expedient, fetch, finesse, hatch, machination, mean, ruse, shift, stratagem, subterfuge, thingumajig thingumabob, trick, wile), תכ ית (design, layout, map, plan, program, programme, project, prospectus, schedule, sketch, type), זמם (intrigue, machination, perjury, plot), טכסיס (design, device, stratagem, trick). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | vázlat (adiabatic chart, adumbration, analysis chart, cadre, delineation, design, draft, draft plan, groundwork, line diagram, line drawing, outline, outlines, sketch, survey, theme, thumb-nail sketch), tervezet (blueprint, design, draft, layout, plan, program, programme, project), táblázat (chart, scale, schedule, survival table, table), rendszer (apothecaries's weight, frame, fugacity, method, order, pattern, purdah, regime, scale, set-up, system, type), létesítmény (establishment, institution, project), elrendezés (adjustment, arrangement, arranging, composition, disposal, disposition, docketing, layout, marshalling, ordinance, organization, settling, set-up), cselszövés (intrigue, plot, plotting, scheming), cselszövény (plotting), összeállítás (assemblage, binding, collocation, combination, compilation, composition, editing, makeup, set-up). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | sekongkol (cabal, intrigue, plot). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | schema (cadre, chip layout, conceptual mode, conceptual schema, diagram, draft, floor plan layout, floorplan, formula, intension, layout, outline, pattern, plan, schema, shell, skeleton, skeleton outline, sketch, visual), progetto (arrangement, design, device, diagram, layout, outline, plan, plane, product design, project, sketch, theory). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 謀略 (plot, stratagem, strategy, trick), 魂胆 (intrigue, plot, secret design, soul, ulterior motive). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ずしき, くふう (device), きと (hopefully planning, on the way back, plan, project, returning), ぼうりゃく (plot, stratagem, strategy, trick), さくりゃく (stratagem, tactic, trick), かくさく (maneuver, plan, program formulation), か"さく (a catch crop, intercropping, shrewdtrick, sinister scheme, sly art), ""た" (intrigue, plot, secret design, soul, ulterior motive), スキー , シェーマ (schema), けいかく (inclination, plan, program, project, schedule), け"ぼう (forgetfulness, good batting, ploy, stratagem), ちょうりゃく (design, intention, plan, project). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 계획 (envisioning, intentional, PLAN, Planning, PLANS, Projecting, Projet, schedule, scheduling, scheming). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Malay | proyek (plan, project), projek (plan, project). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | spooilley (booty, capture, despoil, despoliation, loot, pillage, plunder, plundering, prey, rape, ravage, ravaging, rob, sack, spoil, undo as scheme), reaghys cullyr (colour scheme), cummey thieys (housing scheme). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papiamen | proyekto (plan, project). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | emeschay esquema (cadre, conceptual mode, conceptual schema, design, draft, draught, game, graph, job, model, pattern, plan, scene, schema, yoke), projeto (contemplation, design, diagram, draft, forecast, plan, plane, project, proposition), plano (cadre, champaign, concoction, design, designing, device, diagram, dodge, dodgy, draught, even, flat, flat constraint set, frame, framing, game, groundwork, ideal, inset, layout, level, line, plain, plan, plane, project, proposition, smattering, smooth, surface, system, tier). (various references) schemã (chart, diagram, draft, lay out, network, outline, plan, schedule, schema, set up, sketch), sistem (apparatus, device, frame, method, model, net, order, system), maşinaţie (cabal, engineering, intrigue, machination, manipulation, manoeuvre), închipui (concoct, fabricate, imagine, represent, shadow, symbolize), întocmi o schemã, antreprizã (company, contract, enterprise), combinaţie (combination, compound, contrivance, intrigue, join, joinder, machinery, plan, temper), complot (conspiracy, gaff, mine), complota (agitate, cabal, collude, devise), face planuri (contrive), gând (anticipation, anxiety, brains, conceit, conviction, idea, imagination, intent, recollection, thinking, thought, wish), înţelege (agree, apprehend, bottom, catch, come it, compass, comprehend, conceive, fathom, follow, grasp, interpret, latch on, make of, perceive, read, realize, savvy, see, see into, seize, take, tumble to, twig, understand), intrigã (action, cabal, designing, intrigue, machination, noise, plot, scheming), manevra (crank, handle, manipulate, manoeuvre, run, sail, switch, work), organizare (economy, establishment, fix up, form, frame, framing, method, organization, structure), plãnui (cast about to, conceive, contemplate, devise, meditate, plan, project, stage), plan (contrivance, counsel, design, device, disposition, draft, even, idea, intention, level, map, meaning, outline, plain, plan, plane, program, programme, project, proposal, schedule, scheming, skeleton, syllabus, tabular), plan fantastic, proiect (contemplation, counsel, design, designing, device, draft, draught, idea, plan, project, projection, proposal, scheming), proiecta (blueprint out, cast, contemplate, design, draft, engineer, frame, plan, project), pune la cale (brew, cogitate, compass, contrive, cook, engineer, excogiate, hatch, meditate, stage), idee (conceit, hint, idea, image, imagination, mind, notion, plan, project, shade, stroke, thought, view). (various references) схема (cadre, circuitry, diagram, layout, network, pattern, plan, schema, schemata, schematics, sketch, sketches), план (blue print, blueprint, design, device, diagram, draft, layout, map, pipe dream, plan, plot, program, programme, project, syllabus). (various references) spletkariti (intrigue, machinate, plot), shema (schema), pregled (audit, auscultate, calendar, checkup, digest, exam, inspection, once-over, overhaul, overview, perusal, review, revise, scrutiny, survey), praviti planove, nacrt (plan, plot, tracing), intriga (intrigue, machination, schema), šema (diagram, outline). (various references) esquema (diagram, formula, intension, outline, pictorial symbol, plan, schema, skeleton, sketch), propósito (aim, design, desire, diagram, end, intent, intention, lieu, line, object, plan, plane, project, proposition, purpose, resolution, resolve, tender, thing). (various references) shauri (advice, counsel, design, diagram, matter to be discussed, plan, plane, project). (various references) schema (blank, conceptual mode, conceptual schema, diagram, form, model, pattern, plan, process chart, schedule, schema, time-able, timetable, time-table), projekt (design, plan, project, projects), arrangemang (arrangement, arrangements, layout, ordination). (various references) รายการ (bill, item, list). (various references) uyum (accommodation, accord, accordance, balance, chime, coherence, coherency, concert, concinnity, concord, concordance, conformity, congruence, congruity, consecution, consistence, consistency, consonance, harmony, keeping, proportion, rapport, rhythm, symmetry, symphony, tune, unison), tertip (arrangement, composition, order), tasarlamak (architect, blue print, calculate, cast about, cast around, contemplate, contrive, design, devise, draft, draught, fix, forecast, incubate, mean, meditate, plan, premeditate, project, propose, purpose, ruminate, skeletonize, spin, think out, think up, trace), tasarı (bill, design, draught, plan, project, proposal, set up), proje (blue print, design, plan, project, projection, prospectus, set up), plan (arrangement, blue print, chart, conspectus, design, idea, intention, layout, map, plan, plot, program, programme, project, proposal, proposition, set up), komplo kurmak (cabal, complot, conspire, design, frame, frame up, lay a plot), komplo (cabal, complot, confederacy, conspiracy, design, frame up, plot, skulduggery), entrika çevirmek (cabal, intrigue, machinate, play politics, practice, practise), entrika (cabal, contrivance, frame up, intrigue, machination, machinations, plot, ruse, wheeler-dealing), dolap çevirmek (collude, gerrymander, machinate, maneuver, manoeuvre, practice, practise, set a snare), düzenlemek (arrange, calendar, collocate, compose, construct, coordinate, dispose, do, do out, draw, draw up, engineer, execute, fix up, forge, form, frame, get things square, get up, give, grade, lay out, line up, methodize, Mount, order, organize, promote, put up, regularize, regulate, set, set out, shape, stage, string, whack up, work up), düzen (arrangement, array, contexture, convention, coordination, cosmos, disposal, disposition, formation, get up, harmony, layout, make up, method, order, orderliness, regime, regularity, regulation, right, system, trim). (various references) shema (r). (various references) інтригувати (cabal, intrigue, machinate), система (chain, economy, method, set up, system), та"мний задум, конспект (abridgement, abridgment, abstract, compendium, conspectus, epitome, outline, precis, recap, recapitulation, summary, syllabus, workbook), замишляти (agitate, chew, cogitate, compass, design, meditate, premeditate, purpose), планувати (budget, chart, lay out, map out, plan, plat, program, programme, project, quarterback, schedule), план (blueprint, chart, dart, delineation, design, device, idea, layout, map, outline, plan, plot, program, programme, project, proposal, proposition). (various references) sơ đ" (plan), sự sắp xếp theo hệ thống, sự phối hợp kế hoạch, mưu đ" (intrigue, plot, practice), giản đ", ý đ" lược đ", âm mưu (machination). (various references) sgamio (dodge), sga+m (dodge). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | coepto, coeptum, machinae, machinam, machinas, machinis, propositum, schema. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | gin. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
De |
