Saturnine

Definitions: Saturnine

Saturnine

Adjective

1. Bitter or scornful; "the face was saturnine and swarthy, and the sensual lips...twisted with disdain"- Oscar Wilde.

2. Showing a brooding ill humor; "a dark scowl"; "the proverbially dour New England Puritan"; "a glum, hopeless shrug"; "he sat in moody silence"; "a morose and unsociable manner"; "a saturnine, almost misanthropic young genius"- Bruce Bliven; "a sour temper"; "a sullen crowd".

Date "saturnine" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1594. (references)

Etymology: Saturnine \Sat"ur*nine\, adjective. [Latin expression Saturnus the god Saturn, also, the planet Saturn: compare to the French expression saturnin of or pertaining to lead (Saturn, in old chemistry, meaning lead), saturnien saturnine, saturnian. See Saturn.]. (Websters 1913)

Domain	Definitions
Literature	Saturnine (3 syl.). A grave, phlegmatic disposition, dull and heavy. Astrologers affirm that such is the disposition of those who are born under the influence of the leaden planet Saturn. Source: Brewer's Dictionary.
Medicine	Pertaining to or caused by a lead. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonyms: Saturnine

Synonyms: dark (adj), dour (adj), glowering (adj), glum (adj), moody (adj), morose (adj), sour (adj), sullen (adj). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Dejection	Sad, pensive, penseroso, tristful; dolesome, doleful; woebegone; lacrymose, lachrymose, in tears, melancholic, hypped, hypochondriacal, bilious, jaundiced, atrabilious, saturnine, splenetic; lackadaisical.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Crosswords: Saturnine

English words defined with "saturnine": dark, dour ♦ glowering, glum ♦ moody, morose ♦ sour, sullen. (references)

Specialty definitions using "saturnine": saturnine colic, saturnine encephalopathy. (references)

Domain	Title
Music	Saturnine Martial & Lunatic (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

"Saturnine" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Saturnine" is used about 11 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)	100%	11	106,044

Expressions using "saturnine": dour glowering glum moody morose saturnine sour sullen ♦ saturnine colic ♦ saturnine encephalopathy. Additional references.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "saturnine"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		i vrenjtur (cloudy, disagreeable, dismal, lowering, overcast), i ngrysur (dark, dismal, farouche, gloomy, heavy, lowering, lugubrious, morose, somber, sombre, sulky, sullen, woebegone). (various references)

Arabic		‏كئيب المزاج, ‏ساخر (biting, bitter, cutting, cynic, cynical, derisive, derisory, epigram, giber, ironic, ironical, irradiant, lampooner, lampoonist, laughable, persiflage, quizzical, sarcastic, sardonic, sneerer, snide, tongue in cheek, wry), ‏زحلي, ‏صاخب (boisterous, discordant, furious, gusty, loud, loudmouthed, obstreperous, rackety, randy, rattling, raucous, riotous, rip roaring, roistering, shrill, staring, tempestuous, termagant, tumultuous, uproarious, vociferous). (various references)

Bulgarian		оловен (lead, leaden, plumbeous, plumbic), навъсен (beetle-browed, gloomy, glum, lowering, morose, murky, somber, sombre, surly), мрачен (black, bleak, cheerless, comfortless, darksome, dejected, depressing, dim, dingy, dismal, drab, drear, dumpish, dusky, forbidding, gaunt, gloomy, glum, grave, grey, grim, grisly, heavy, inhospitable, joyless, low-browed, lowering, melancholy, mirk, morbid, morose, murk, murky, obscure, sad, somber, sombre, sullen, sunless, tenebrous, thick, tristful), засегнат от оловно натравяне. (various references)

Danish		saturninus, bly-. (various references)

Dutch		saturninus. (various references)

Finnish		lyijyn aiheuttama kihti (saturnine gout). (various references)

French		sombre (sad), saturnin, saturnien. (various references)

German		düster (black, bleak, cheerless, dark, dim, dingy, dismal, drab, dreary, dusky, forbidding, frowning, funereal, funereally, gaunt, gloomily, gloomy, Gray, lugubrious, miserable, morbid, murky, obscure, sad, sepulcher, sinister, somber, somberly, sombre, sullen). (various references)

Greek		σκυθρωπόσ (cross, dour, glum, joyless, morose, sulky, sullen, surly), σοβαρόσ (burning, demure, earnest, grave, important, matronal, matronly, sedate, serious, sober, solemn, staid), βαρύσ (beefy, cumbrous, heavy, hefty, labored, laboured, leaden, logy, lumpish, massive, onerous, ponderous, pregnant, stodgy, waterlogged, weighty). (various references)

Hebrew		קו�"ר (black, cheerless, dark, dour, dun, gaunt, gloomy, gruff, morose, murky, sepulchral, somber, sullen, tenebrous), זועף (angry, enraged, grim, gruff, sullen). (various references)

Hungarian		mogorva (as cross as two sticks, bearish, cheerless, crabbed, criss cross, crusty, disagreeable, disgruntled, grim, grouchy, grousing, gruff, have the sullens, ill tempered, like a bear with a sore head, morose, pouty, snapping, snuffy, somber, sulky, sullen, surly, testy), komor (beetle brows, black, dark, darksome, dingy, dismal, funereal, gaunt, gloomy, glum, louring, lowering, lugubrious, somber, sombre, sullen, surly, to be down in the dumps). (various references)

Italian		saturnino, taciturno (dumb, glum, quiet, taciturn, uncommunicative), malinconico (dismal, doleful, gloomy, hipped, melancholic, melancholy, morose, pensive, sad, somber, sombre, wistful, wistfully). (various references)

Manx		groamagh (bad-tempered, bearish, bleak, bleak of weather, cheerless, crestfallen, dejected, depressive, disagreeable, dour, forbidding, gloomy, glum, grim, gruff, mopish, morose, prospects, prospects), sombre, sorry, stern, sullen, surly). (various references)

Pig Latin		aturninesay

Portuguese		sombrio (abstruse, adust, bleak, bowery, cheerless, cloudy, dark, darkling, darksome, dim, dingy, dismal, doleful, dreary, dun-bird, dusk, dust, ebon, funereal, fuscous, gaunt, gauntlet, gloomily, gloomy, glum, grave, hard-hearted, lowering, mirk, miserable, misty, morose, murk, murky, obscure, opaque, overcast, sable, sad, shadowy, somber, sombre, stygian, umbrageous), saturnino, triste (bleak, blue, broken hearted, cheerless, dark, desolate, dire, discontent, dismal, dismantle, dolichocephalic, dreary, dumpling, dun, gaunt, gloomily, Gray, grey, joylessly, long, lugubriousness, melancholy, mirthless, miserable, misty, Moody, moppet, mouse, painful, painfully, penstock, pitfall, sad, somber, sombre, sore, sorrowful, sorry, tearful, tristful, unhappy, upset), causado pelo chumbo. (various references)

Romanian		saturnin, taciturn (close-lipped, silent, sullen, taciturn), de plumb (leaden), întunecat (black, blear, blind, clouded, cloudy, dark, darkish, darksome, deep, dismal, dull, dusky, fuliginous, fuscous, gloomy, glum, inky, lowering, muddy, murk, obscurely, opaque, sad, somber, sombre, tenebrous). (various references)

Russian		мрачный (black, bleak, cheerless, dark, darksome, dismal, dour, drear, dreary, funereal, gaunt, gloomy, glum, grave, grey, grim, heavy, lugubrious, macabre, mirk, morose, mournful, murk, murky, obscure, somber, sombre, sullen, tenebrous, woebegone). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		pod uticajem planete saturn, olovan (lead, plumbic), mrzovoljan (cantankerous, cranky, glum, grouchy, ill-humored, petulant, shirty, spleenful, splenetic, sulky, testy). (various references)

Spanish		saturnino (saturnic). (various references)

Swedish		tungsint (gloomy, heavy-hearted, melancholy), dyster (angry, beetle-browed, black, bleak, blue, cloudy, dark, darksome, disconsolate, dismal, doleful, dreary, funereal, gloomy, glum, grave, heavy, humpy, in the doldrums, lugubrious, morose, murky, sad, sepulchral). (various references)

Turkish		suratsız (gnarled, grim, grouchy, morose, po-faced, sour, sulky, sullen, surly, ugly, ungenial, vinegary), soğuk (aloof, angular, apathetic, apathetical, bleak, calm, chill, chilling, chilly, cold, cool, cryo-, distant, freezing, frigid, frostiness, frosty, frozen, icily, inclement, inhospitable, marble, offish, Parky, phlegmatic, phlegmatical, remote, rigorous, standoffish, starchy, stiff, stony, uncompanionable, unfriendly, unsympathetic, wintry), kurşun ile ilgili, asık suratlı (dour, glum, lugubrious, morose, repining, straight-faced, sulky, surly, vinegary). (various references)

Ukranian		свинцевий (leaden, plumbeous, plumbic), похмурий (adust, bleak, cheerless, dark, darksome, despondent, disconsolate, dismal, drear, dreary, dull, dusky, frowning, gash, gaunt, ghastly, gloomy, glum, grave, gruff, hard-faced, inhospitable, lowering, macabre, mopish, mournful, murk, nightly, obscure, overcast, sable, sepulchral, shadowy, stygian, sullen, surly, tenebrous). (various references)

Vietnamese		lầm lì (close-mouthed, taciturn). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Misspellings
	"Saturnine" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: saturine, saturlite, saturnene, saturnians. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Words rhyming with "saturnine" (pronounced 'Sat"ur*nine'): Alanine, Apennine, Asinine, Cinchonine, Conchinine, Conine, Cotarnine, Cyanine, Delphinine, Eburnine, Ecgonine, Echidnine, Falconine, Fescennine, Festennine, Iodoquinine, Laburnine, Laudanine, leonine, Longipennine, Nicotianine, opianine, Oscinine, paeonine, Paraconine, Pavonine, Quinine, Ranine, Ricinine, Safranine, Solanine, Struthionine, strychnine, Subapennine, Vernine, Vespertilionine, Xanthinine. (additional references)

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-e-i-n-n-r-s-t-u"
	-1 letter: aneurins, entrains, insurant, ruinates, runniest, taurines, uranites, urinates.
	-2 letters: anestri, aneurin, antsier, aunties, entrain, inanest, insaner, insnare, interns, inturns, nastier, natures, nutrias, nutsier, ratines, retains, retinas, retsina, ruinate, saunter, sinuate, stainer, stanine, stearin, stunner, sunnier, tanners, taurine, tinners, triunes, tunnies, uniters, unrisen, uranite, urinate.
	-3 letters: airest, anenst, antres, arisen, arsine, astern, auntie, aurist, ennuis, estrin, inaner, inanes, inerts, innate, inners, insane, insert, instar, insure, intern, inters, inturn, inures, inurns, narine, nature, niters, nitres, nutria, ratine, renins, retain, retina, rusine, rutins, santir, santur, satire, sennit, sienna, sinner, sinter, sterna, strain, striae, suiter, suntan, tanner, tenias, tennis, tenuis, terais, tineas, tinner, tisane, trains, triens, trines, triune, tuners, uniter, unites, unrent, unrest, unseat, unsent, unties, urates, urines, ursine.
	-4 letters: airns, airts, anent, anise, antes, antis, antre, arise, aster, astir, aunts, aurei, aures, auris, earns, ennui, entia, etnas, etuis, inane, inert, inner, inset, inter, inure, inurn, irate, nares, naris, nates, nears, neats, neist, nerts, nines, niter, nites, nitre, nurse, rains, raise, ranis, rants, rates, reins, renin, rents, resin, retia, riant, rinse, risen, rites, ruins, runes, runts, rutin, saint, saner, sarin, satin, saute, senna, senti, serai, serin, sieur, siren, sitar, snare, stain, stair, stane, stare, stein, stern, stria, suint, suite, sunna, sutra, tains, tares, tarns, tarsi, tears, tenia, terai, terns, tiers, tinea, tines, tires, train, trans, tries, trine, trues, tunas, tuner, tunes, turns, unais, unite, units, unset, untie, uraei, urase, urate, ureas, urine, ursae, usnea, uteri.
	-5 letters: ains, airn, airs, airt, aits, anes, anis, ante, anti, ants, anus, ares, arse, arts, ates, aunt, earn, ears, east, eats, eras, erns, erst, etas, etna, etui, inns, ires, nans, near, neat, nest, nets, nine, nite, nits, nuns, nuts, rain, rani, rant, rase, rate, rats, rein, reis, rent, rest, rets, rias, rins, rise, rite, rues, ruin, rune, runs, runt, ruse, rust, ruts, sain, sane, sari, sate, sati, sear, seat, sent, sera, seta, sine, sire, site, snit, star, stir, stun, suer, suet, suit, sunn, sura, sure, tain, tans, tare, tarn, tars, taus, tear, teas, tens, tern, tier, ties, tine, tins, tire, true, tsar, tuis, tuna, tune, tuns, turn, unai, unit, urea, urns, ursa, user, utas.
	Words containing the letters "a-e-i-n-n-r-s-t-u"
	+1 letter: sauntering, unstrained, uraninites.
	+2 letters: antinatures, aventurines, enunciators, innumerates, interurbans, intravenous, mensuration, numerations, nunciatures, quarantines, quaternions, renunciates, supernation, unresistant, unrestraint, untarnished.
	+3 letters: anticonsumer, antineutrons, barquentines, counterstain, crenulations, encrustation, enumerations, instrumental, menstruating, menstruation, mensurations, mountaineers, neurasthenia, neurasthenic, neurulations, neutralising, sternutation, supernations, tranquilness, understating, undertakings, unrestrained, unrestraints.
	+4 letters: anticonsumers, antineutrinos, antisubmarine, counterstains, denaturations, encrustations, functionaries, heartburnings, housetraining, instrumentals, insubordinate, intrapreneurs, intravenouses, intravenously, menstruations, misunderstand, neurasthenias, neurasthenics, questionnaire, refoundations, rejuvenations, remunerations, renaturations, renunciations, sternutations, subgeneration, subventionary, supernational, uncertainness, uncertainties, unconstrained, undercoatings, understaffing, understanding, unearthliness, unimportances, voluntariness.
	+5 letters: anthraquinones, antisubversion, antiuniversity, argumentations, commensuration, consuetudinary, counteractions, countershading, counterstained, counterstating, degranulations, documentarians, frequentations, incommensurate, instrumentally, insubordinates, insurmountable, insurrectional, intermenstrual, intracutaneous, macronutrients, misunderstands, neuroanatomies, neuroanatomist, nonregulations, questionnaires, reinoculations, repunctuations, reunifications, septuagenarian, subgenerations, superannuating, superannuation, tranquilnesses, translucencies, underpaintings, understaffings, understandings, unrestrainedly, unstandardized.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.