Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Samarium |
SamariumNoun1. A gray lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Etymology: Samarium \Sa*ma"ri*um\, noun. [New Latin expression, from English samarskite.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Chemistry | Chemical element:atomic number 62. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. (references) |
Mining | A bright, silvery, lustrous, metallic element of the rare-earth group. Symbol, Sm. It is found along with other members of the rare-earth elements in many minerals, including monazite and bastnasite, which are commercial sources. Used for carbon-arc lighting for the motion picture industry, for permanent magnets, and in optical masers and lasers. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name, Symbol, Number | Samarium, Sm, 62 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical series | Lanthanides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group, Period, Block | _ , 6 , f | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density, Hardness | 7353 kg/m3, no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | silvery white | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic weight | 150.36(3) amu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius (calc.) | 185 (238) pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| van der Waals radius | no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Xe]6s6s²4f6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e- 's per energy level | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states (Oxide) | 3 (mildly basic) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | Rhombohedral | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State of matter | solid (__) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 1345 K (1962 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 2076 K (3277 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar volume | 19.98 ×1010-3 m3/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 166.4 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 8.63 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vapor pressure | 563 Pa at 1345 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Velocity of sound | 2130 m/s at 293.15 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | 1.17 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific heat capacity | 200 J/(kg*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical conductivity | 0.956 106/m ohm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 13.3 W/(m*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st ionization potential | 544.5 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd ionization potential | 1070 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd ionization potential | 2260 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4th ionization potential | 3990 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Most stable isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SI units & STP are used except where noted. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Samarium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sm and atomic number 62.
Samarium is a rare earth metal, with a bright silver lustre, that is reasonably stable in air; it ignites in air at 150°C. Three crystal modifications of the metal also exist, with transformations at 734 and 922°C, respectively.
Uses of Samarium include:
Samarium was first discovered spectroscopically in 1853 by swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac by its sharp absorption lines in didymium, and isolated in Paris in 1879 by french chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran from the mineral samarskite ((Y,Ce,U,Fe)3(Nb,Ta,Ti)5O16). Like the mineral, it was named after a Russian mine official, Colonel Samarski.
Samarium has no known biological role, but is said to stimulate the metabolism.
Samarium is never found free in nature, but, like other rare earth elements, is contained in many minerals, including monazite, bastnasite and samarskite; monazite (in which it occurs up to an extent of 2.8%) and bastnasite are also used as commercial sources. Misch metal containing about 1% of Samarium has long been used, but it was not until recent years that relatively pure Samarium has been isolated through ion-exchange processes, solvent extraction techniques, and electrochemical deposition. Samarium can also be obtained by reducing its oxide with Lanthanum.
Compounds of Samarium include:
Naturally occurring Samarium is composed of 4 stable isotopes, 144-Sm, 150-Sm, 152-Sm and 154-Sm, and 3 radioisotopes, 147-Sm, 148-Sm and 149-Sm, with 152-Sm being the most abundant (26.75% natural abundance). 32 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 148-Sm with a half-life of 7E+15 years, 149-Sm with a half-life of more than 2E+15 years, and 147-Sm with a half-life of 1.06E+11 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lifes that are less than 1.04E+8 years, and the majority of these have half lifes that are less than 48 seconds. This element also has 5 meta states with the most stable being 141m-Sm (t½ 22.6 minutes), 143m1-Sm (t½ 66 seconds) and 139m-Sm (t½ 10.7 seconds).
The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 152-Sm, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta minus decay. The primary decay products before 152-Sm are element Pm (Promethium) isotopes, and the primary products after are element Eu (Europium) isotopes. Notable characteristics
Applications
History
Biological role
Occurrence
Compounds
Isotopes
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Samarium."
Synonym: SamariumSynonym: atomic number 62 (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Samarium |
| English words defined with "samarium": Decipium. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "samarium": full power Xe and Sa ♦ radioactive mineral ♦ samarium 153, samarium oxide. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Samarium" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Albanian (samarium), Czech (samarium), Dutch (samarium), French (samarium), German (samarium). |
Expression using "samarium": samarium 153. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "samarium": samarium-cobalt, samarium-neodymium. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
samarium | 30 |
samarium cobalt magnet | 16 |
samarium cobalt | 15 |
153 samarium | 3 |
alloy samarium | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "samarium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | samarium. (various references) | |
Arabic | السمريوم عنصر فلزي. (various references) | |
Chinese | 釤 , '. (various references) | |
Czech | samarium. (various references) | |
Danish | samarium. (various references) | |
Dutch | samarium. (various references) | |
Finnish | samarium (153 Sm) leksidronaami (samarium (153 Sm) lexidronam). (various references) | |
French | samarium. (various references) | |
German | Samarium. (various references) | |
Greek | σαμάριο. (various references) | |
Italian | samario. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | サボタージ" (checksum, daylight savings time, saboteur, Samuel, somersault turn, sum, summarize, summary, summer, summer house, summer resort, summer school, summer stock, summer wear, summer wool, summit, support, supporter, underground publishing). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | サマリウ . (various references) | |
Pig Latin | amariumsay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | samário. (various references) | |
Russian | самарий. (various references) | |
Spanish | samario. (various references) | |
Swedish | samari. (various references) | |
Thai | ธาตุโลหะหายาก (สัญลักษ"์ทางเคมีคือ Sm). (various references) | |
Turkish | samaryum. (various references) | |
Ukranian | самарій. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "samarium": samariums. (additional references) | |
| |
"Samarium" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Canarium, Sabazius, Saganiuk, salarium, samari, Samaroo, sameri, Simulium, Smyrnium. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| Words rhyming with "samarium" (pronounced 'Sa*ma"ri*um'): Abandum, Absinthium, Acetabulum, Aconitum, Acrodactylum, Acropodium, Acrotarsium, Acroterium, Actinium, Addendum, Adiantum, Adytum, AEcidium, Agendum, Ageratum, Alabastrum, Alarum, Album, Alburnum, Alcyonium, Allium, Allodium, Alluvium, Aluminium, Aluminum, Ambulacrum, Amentum, Ammonium, Amoebaeum, Amomum, Amphibium, Anacardium, Androecium, Animalculum, Antependium, Antheridium, Anthodium, Antibrachium, Anticlinorium, Antrum, Apodyterium, Apothecium, Aquarium, Arachnidium, Arboretum, Arcanum, Archegonium, Archipterygium, Argentalium, arum, Ascidiarium, Ascidium, Aspersorium, Asylum, Auchenium, Auditorium, Aurum, Bacterium, Ballium, barium, Basidium, Basigynium, Basipterygium, Bdellium, Begum, Bivium, Brachium, Brontotherium, Brontozoum, Bryozoum, Bucranium, Bungarum, Cadmium, Caecum, Caesium, Caladium, Calamistrum, Calcaneum, Calcium, Calistheneum, Callosum, Cambium, Candelabrum, Capitulum, Carborundum, Caseum, Castoreum, Celtium, Centrum, Cephalanthium, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Cerium, Ceruleum, Cheiropterygium, Cheirotherium, Chloralum, Chromium, Chrysanthemum, Ciborium, Cingulum, Claustrum, Clinanthium, Clum, Coagulum, Coccobacterium, Coelum, Coenoecium, Colchicum, Colleterium, Collodium, Collum, Collyrium, Colostrum, Columbarium, Columbium, Cometarium, Compendium, Compluvium, Conidium, Conium, Conjugium, Contagium, Conundrum, Corallum, Corniculum, Coronium, Corrigendum, Corundum, Cranium, Credendum, Cribellum, Crincum, Crincum-crancum, Crinum, Crissum, Crotalum, cuprum, Curriculum, Cymatium, Cymbium, Cynarrhodium, Cypripedium, damnum, Datum, Davyum, Decennium, Decipium, Decorum, Degum, Deinotherium, Deliquium, Delirium, Deltidium, Dentalium, Depositum, Desideratum, Diacodium, Dianium, Dictum, Didymium, Digitorium, Diluvium, Diverticulum, Doliolum, Dolium, Dorsum, Dromatherium, Duodenum, dysprosium, Eardrum, Ecballium, Ecthoreum, Ectobronchium, Ectropium, Effluvium, Ekaluminium, Elaterium, Elysium, Emporium, Encomium, Endocardium, Endometrium, Endomysium, Endoneurium, Endophloeum, Endosteum, Endothecium, Endothelium, Enrheum, Entobronchium, Entropium, Ephippium, Epicardium, Epicedium, Epicleidium, Epicranium, Epigastrium, Epineurium, Epiphyllum, Epipodium, Episternum, Epithalamium, Epithelium, Equilibrium, Equisetum, Erratum, Erythronium, Eulogium, Eupatorium, Euphonium, Euphorbium, europium, Excubitorium, Exogium, Exordium, Exothecium, Factotum, Factum, Fee-faw-fum, Figgum, Flabellum, flagellum, folium, forum, Fraenulum, Fretum, Frigidarium, frustum, fulcrum, fum, Fumatorium, Furculum, Garum, Gelsemium, Geranium, Germarium, Gigerium, Glabellum, Glaum, Glochidium, Glucinum, Gnaphalium, Gnathidium, Gonoblastidium, Gossypium, Grum, Guiacum, Gymnasium, gynoecium, Gypsum, Habendum, Hamatum, harmonium, harum-scarum, Haum, Haustellum, haustorium, Helichrysum, Hemicerebrum, Herbarium, Hesperidium, Hibernaculum, hilum, holmium, hoodlum, hordeolum, Hormogonium, Hospitium, Hummum, hydrargyrum, Hydroperitoneum, Hydrophyllium, hymenium, Hypanthium, Hypericum, Hypnum, hypochondrium, Hypocleidium, Hypodactylum, Hypogastrium, Hypogeum, Hypoptilum, Ichthyopterygium, Illicium, Ilmenium, Imperium, Impluvium, Incertum, Incunabulum, indecorum, indium, indusium, infundibulum, Interambulacrum, Intercentrum, Interoperculum, INTERREGNUM, Intervallum, Involucellum, Ionidium, iridium, jejunum, jorum, Jugulum, Jugum, Juramentum, Kalium, kettledrum, Korrigum, Labarum, Labellum, labium, Labrum, Laburnum, Lactucarium, ladanum, lanthanum, Larum, Latibulum, laudanum, Lavoesium, linoleum, Linum, Lithargyrum, lithium, Lixivium, Lum, lustrum, lutecium, lyceum, Lycopodium, Lygodium, Macrosporangium, Madisterium, magnesium, magnum, Manganesium, Manganium, manubrium, Marrubium, mausoleum, Meconidium, meconium, meerschaum, memorandum, Menstruum, mentum, Mercurammonium, Mesembryanthemum, Mesoarium, Mesobronchium, Mesocaecum, Mesogastrium, Mesometrium, Mesonotum, Mesophloeum, Mesophyllum, Mesopodium, Mesopterygium, Mesorchium, Mesorectum, Mesoscutum, Mesosternum, mesothelium, Mesothorium, mesovarium, Mesymnicum, Metalammonium, Metanotum, Metapodium, Metapterygium, Meum, Microsporangium, millennium, minimum, minium, Minum, modicum, molluscum, molybdenum, momentum, Monopodium, moratorium, Multum, museum, mutandum, Mycelium, Myocardium, Nasturtium, Natatorium, Natrium, Nemathecium, Nephridium, neptunium, Neuropodium, Nitroleum, norium, Norwegium, Nostrum. (additional references) |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-i-m-m-r-s-u" | |
-1 letter: samurai. | |
-2 letters: amusia, asarum, imaums, miasma. | |
-3 letters: amias, amirs, arias, arums, auras, auris, imams, imaum, maars, maims, mairs, mamas, maria, miasm, muras, raias, ramus, simar, smarm, summa. | |
-4 letters: aims, airs, amas, amia, amir, amis, amus, aria, arms, arum, aura, imam, maar, maim, mair, mama, mars, mirs, mums, mura, raia, rami, rams, rias, rims, rums, sari, sima, sura, ursa. | |
-5 letters: aas, aim, air, ais, ama, ami, amu, arm, ars, ism, mar, mas, mim, mir, mis, mum, mus, ram, ras, ria, rim, rum, sau, sim, sir, sri, sum, umm. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-i-m-m-r-s-u" | |
+1 letter: samariums. | |
+2 letters: amateurism, traumatism. | |
+3 letters: amateurisms, parameciums, traumatisms. | |
+4 letters: immeasurable, immeasurably, summarizable. | |
+5 letters: summarization. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)53 61 6D 61 72 69 75 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references)... .- -- .- .-. .. ..- -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010011 01100001 01101101 01100001 01110010 01101001 01110101 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)S a m a r i u m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0053 0061 006D 0061 0072 0069 0075 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)5367796784758779 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Expressions | 5. Expressions: Internet 6. Translations: Modern 7. Derivations 8. Rhymes | 9. Anagrams 10. Orthography 11. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
