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Definition: Romania |
RomaniaNoun1. A Balkan republic in southeastern Europe. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "Romania" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
of Romania series.This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below).
Main article: Dacia
The territory of today's Romania was inhabited in about 200 BC by the Dacians, a Thracian tribe. Eventually, a state emerged, for under the leadership of King Burebista (70-44 BC). Under his reign the Dacians became a powerful state which threatened even the regional interests of the Romans. Julius Caesar intended to start a campaign against the Dacians, but was assassinated in 44 BC. A few months later, Burebista shared the same fate, assassinated by his own noblemen. His powerful state divided in four and did not become unified again until 95 AD, under the reign of Decebalus. The Dacian state sustained a series of conflicts with the expanding Roman Empire, and was finally conquered in 106 AD by the Roman emperor Trajan, during the reign of the Dacian king Decebalus. Faced by successive invasions of Germanic tribes, the Roman administration withdrew two centuries later.
Main article: Romania in the Middle Ages
Multiple waves of invasion followed: such as the Slavs in the 7th century, the Hungarians in the 9th century, and the Tatars in the 13th century. However, the most important and influential of the invasions, was the 7th century migration of the Vlachs, a linguistically Latin people who occupied vast portions of the territory know known as Romania after crossing the River Danube from the south, combining with the local Daco-Romanian and Slavic population to form the Romanian nation.
Many small and temporary Romanian states were created, but it only in the 14th century the larger principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia emerged to fight the danger of a new threat in the form of the Ottoman Turks, who conquered Constantinople in 1453, By 1541, the entire Balkan peninsula and most of Hungary became Turkish provinces. Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania remained autonomous, under Ottoman suzerainty.
The Hungarian conquest of Transylvania took about two centuries. In the 11th century, Transylvania became a largely autonomous part of the Hungarian kingdom, and began to be colonized by Hungarians (locally and more specifically 'Szeckelies') and also by an invited German element, although they never outnumbered the Romanian element.
In the year 1600, the three Romanian principalties were briefly unified by Wallachian prince Mihai Viteazul, but the unity dissolved after Mihai was killed, only one year later, by the soldiers of an Austrian army officer.
At the end of the 17th century Hungary and Transylvania become part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, following the defeat of the Turks. The Austrians, in their turn, rapidly expanded their empire: In 1718 an important part of Wallachia, called Oltenia, was incorporated to the Austrian Empire and was only returned in 1793.
In 1775 the Austrian Empire occupied the north-western part of Moldavia, later called Bukovina, while the eastern half of the principality (called Bessarabia) was occupied in 1812 by Russia.
Main article: National awakening of Romania
As in most European countries, 1848 brought revolution to Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania. The goals of the revolutionaries - complete independence for the first two and national emancipation in third - remained unfulfilled, but were the basis of the subsequent evolutions. Also, the uprising helped the population of the three principalities recognise their unity of language and interests.
Heavily taxed and badly administered under the Ottoman Empire, in 1859, people in both Moldavia and Wallachia elected the same person - Alexander John Cuza- as prince. Thus, Romania was created.
Main article: Kingdom of Romania
In 1866 the German prince Carol (Charles) of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was appointed as prince, in a move to assure German backing of future independence. In 1877 Carol led the Romanian Armies in a successdul War of Independence and was crowned as the first King of Romania in 1881.
The new state, squeezed between the great powers of the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian empires, with Slav neighbors on three sides, looked to the West, particularly France, for its cultural, educational, and administrative models. In 1916 Romania entered World War I on the Entente side. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires were gone; governing bodies created in Transylvania, Bessarabia and Bukovina chose union with Romania, resulting Greater Romania.
Most of Romania's pre-WWII governments maintained the form, but not the substance, of a liberal constitutional monarchy. The quasi-mystical Iron Guard nationalist movement, became a major political factor by exploiting fear of communism, and resentment of alleged foreign and Jewish domination of the economy. In 1938, in order to prevent the formation of a government that would have included Iron Guard ministers, King Carol II dismissed the government and instituted a short-lived royal dictatorship.
In 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which stipulated, amongst other things, the Soviet "interest" in Bessarabia.
Main article: Romania during World War II
As a result, in 1940, Romania lost territory in both east and west: In June 1940, after issuing an ultimatum to Romania, the Soviet Union took Bessarabia and Bukovina. Two thirds of Bessarabia were combined with a small part of USSR to form the Moldavian SSR. The rest was apportioned to the Ukrainian SSR.
In 1940-1941, the authoritarian General Ion Antonescu took control. In August 1940, Northern half of Transylvania was "given back" by Germany and Italy to Hungary. Romania entered World War II on the side of the Axis Powers in June 1941, invading the Soviet Union to recover Bessarabia and Bukovina.
In August 1944, a coup led by King Michael, with support from opposition politicians and the army, deposed the Antonescu dictatorship and put Romania's battered armies on the side of the Allies. Romania incurred additional heavy casualties fighting the Germans in Transylvania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.
At the end of World War II, Northern Transylvania returned to Romania, but the Bukovina, Bessarabia and Southern Dobrogea were lost. The Moldavian SSR became independent only in 1991, under the name of Moldova.
Main article: Communist Romania
Soviet occupation following WWII led to the formation of a communist Peoples' Republic in 1947 and the abdication of king Michael, who went into exile.
In the early 1960s, Romania's communist government began to assert some independence from the Soviet Union. Ceauşescu became head of the Communist Party in 1965 and head of state in 1967. Ceauşescu's denunciation of the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and a brief relaxation in internal repression helped give him a positive image both at home and in the West. Seduced by Ceauşescu's "independent" foreign policy, Western leaders were slow to turn against a regime that, by the late 1970s, had become increasingly harsh, arbitrary, and capricious. Rapid economic growth fueled by foreign credits gradually gave way to wrenching austerity and severe political repression.
The decades-long rule of President Nicolae Ceauşescu became increasingly draconian through the 1980s.
After the collapse of communism in the rest of Eastern Europe in the late summer and fall of 1989, a mid-December protest in Timişoara against the forced relocation of a Hungarian minister grew into a country-wide protest against the Ceauşescu regime, sweeping the dictator from power. Ion Iliescu took over as president on December 22nd. Ceauşescu was immediately arrested, and after a quick trial, he and his wife were executed on December 25th. About 1,500 people were killed in confused street fighting. An impromptu governing coalition, the National Salvation Front (FSN), installed itself and proclaimed the restoration of democracy and freedom. The Communist Party was outlawed, and Ceauşescu's most unpopular measures, such as bans on abortion and contraception, were repealed.
Main article: Romania since 1989
Presidential and parliamentary elections were held on May 20, 1990. Running against representatives of the pre-war National Peasants' Party and National Liberal Party, Iliescu won 85% of the vote. The FSN captured two-thirds of the seats in Parliament, named a university professor, Petre Roman, as Prime Minister, and began cautious free market reforms.
Since the new government was still largely formed of ex-communists, anti-communist protesters camped in University Square, Bucharest in April 1990. Two months later, the "hooligans" were brutally dispersed by the miners from Jiu Valley, called in by President Iliescu. The miners also attacked the headquarters and houses of opposition leaders. Petre Roman's government fell in late September 1991, when the miners returned to Bucharest to demand higher salaries. A technocrat, Theodor Stolojan, was appointed to head an interim government until new elections could be held.
A new democratic constitution, drafted by the Parliament was approved by popular referendum in December 1991. In the September 1992 National Elections, President Iliescu won a new term by a clear majority, and gave his party, the FDSN, a plurality. With parliamentary support from the nationalist PUNR and PRM parties, and the ex-communist PSM party, a technocratic government was formed in November 1992 under Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu, an economist.
Emil Constantinescu of the Democrat Convention (CDR) electoral coalition defeated President Iliescu in the second round of voting and replaced him as chief of state. Victor Ciorbea was named Prime Minister. Ciorbea remained in office until March 1998, when he was replaced by Radu Vasile (PNTCD), but in 2000 elections, Social Democrat Party (PSD) and Iliescu won again the power and Adrian Năstase was named Prime Minister.
In 2002, Romania was invited to join NATO. In the same year, the EU confirmed its strong support for Romania's goal to join the union in 2007. Still, much economic restructuring remains to be carried out before Romania can achieve this goal.
See also : Romania
- List of Wallachian rulers (up to 1859)
- List of Moldavian rulers (up to 1859)
- List of Transylvanian rulers (up to 1918)
- Kings of Romania (1859 - 1947)
- Presidents of Romania (since 1947)
- Prime ministers of Romania (since 1862)
External links
- Illustrated History of Romanians
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "History of Romania."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
List of Romanian Cities (by Population)
City County Population Bucharest - 2,354,510 Iaşi Iaşi 321,580 Cluj-Napoca Cluj 318,027 Timişoara Timiş 317,651 Constanţa Constanţa 310,526 Craiova Dolj 302,622 Galaţi Galaţi 298,584 Braşov Braşov 283,901 Ploieşti Prahova 232,452 Brăila Brăila 216,929 Oradea Bihor 206,527 Bacău Bacău 175,921 Arad Arad 172,824 Piteşti Argeş 168,756 Sibiu Sibiu 155,045 Târgu Mureş Mureş 149,577 Baia Mare Maramureş 137,976 Buzău Buzău 133,116 Satu Mare Satu Mare 115,630 Botoşani Botoşani 115,344 Râmnicu Vâlcea Vâlcea 107,656 Suceava Suceava 106,138 Piatra Neamţ Neamţ 105,499 Drobeta-Turnu Severin Mehedinţi 104,035 Focşani Vrancea 103,219 Târgu Jiu Gorj 96,562 Tulcea Tulcea 92,762 Târgovişte Dâmboviţa 89,429 Reşiţa Caraş-Severin 83,985 Bistriţa Bistriţa-Năsăud 81,467 Slatina Olt 79,171 Hunedoara Hunedoara 71,380 Vaslui Vaslui 70,267 Călăraşi Călăraşi 70,046 Giurgiu Giurgiu 69,587 Roman Neamţ 69,483 Deva Hunedoara 69,390 Bârlad Vaslui 69,183 Alba Iulia Alba 66,369 Zalău Sălaj 63,305 Sfântu Gheorghe Covasna 61,512 Turda Cluj 55,770 Mediaş Sibiu 55,203 Slobozia Ialomiţa 52,677 Oneşti Bacău 51,681 Alexandria Teleorman 50,591 Petroşani Hunedoara 45,447 Lugoj Timiş 44,571 Medgidia Constanţa 43,867 Paşcani Iaşi 42,172 Tecuci Galaţi 42,012 Miercurea Ciuc Harghita 41,852 Sighetu Marmaţiei Maramureş 41,246 Mangalia Constanţa 40,037 Râmnicu Sărat Buzău 38,805 Câmpina Prahova 38,758 Dej Cluj 38,478 Câmpulung Argeş 38,285 Odorheiu Secuiesc Harghita 36,926 Reghin Mureş 36,023 Mioveni Argeş 35,849 Făgăraş Braşov 35,759
Caracal, Romania Olt 34,603 Feteşti Ialomiţa 33,197 Curtea de Argeş Argeş 32,626 Năvodari Constanţa 32,400 Sighişoara Mureş 32,287 Roşiori de Vede Teleorman 31,873 Dorohoi Botoşani 31,073
Turnu Măgurele Teleorman 30,187
Fălticeni Suceava 33,867 Huşi Vaslui 33,320 Vulcan Hunedoara 33,186 Rădăuţi Suceava 32,151 Olteniţa Călăraşi 31,434 Lupeni Hunedoara 31,409 Caransebeş Caraş-Severin 31,199 Cugir Alba 30,244 Săcele Braşov 29,967 Câmpia Turzii Cluj 29,852 Târnăveni Mureş 29,828 Sebeş Alba 29,475 Aiud Alba 28,909 Petrila Hunedoara 28,742 Borşa Maramureş 27,247 Zărneşti Braşov 26,520 Comăneşti Bacău 26,237 Motru Gorj 25,860 Carei Satu Mare 25,590 Moineşti Bacău 25,532 Codlea Braşov 24,814 Orăştie Hunedoara 24,354 Gherla Cluj 24,232 Balş Olt 23,147 Moreni Dâmboviţa 22,868 Târgu Neamţ Neamţ 22,634 Drăgăşani Vâlcea 22,499 Târgu Secuiesc Covasna 22,251 Băileşti Dolj 22,231 Buhuşi Bacău 21,993 Corabia Olt 21,932 Câmpulung Moldovenesc Suceava 21,862 Blaj Alba 21,819 Gheorgheni Harghita 21,245 Calafat Dolj 21,227 Adjud Vrancea 20,776 Cernavodă Constanţa 20,514 Băicoi Prahova 20,234 Filiaşi Dolj 20,159 Salonta Bihor 20,006 Buftea Ilfov 19,617 Urziceni Ialomiţa 19,088 Bocşa Caraş-Severin 19,023 Breaza Prahova 18,863 Marghita Bihor 18,650 Luduş Mureş 18,647 Vişeu de Sus Maramureş 18,444 Brad Hunedoara 18,075 Vatra Dornei Suceava 17,864 Cisnădie Sibiu 17,204 Mizil Prahova 17,075 Şimleu Silvaniei Sălaj 17,053 Topliţa Harghita 16,839 Zimnicea Teleorman 16,787 Gura Humorului Suceava 16,740 Găeşti Dâmboviţa 16,598 Pucioasa Dâmboviţa 16,489 Negreşti-Oaş Satu Mare 16,356 Râşnov Braşov 16,242 Avrig Sibiu 16,215 Baia Sprie Maramureş 15,735 Ocna Mureş Alba 15,697 Orşova Mehedinţi 15,379 Oraviţa Caraş-Severin 15,222 Moldova Nouă Caraş-Severin 15,112 Călan Hunedoara 14,714 Sinaia Prahova 14,636 Ţăndărei Ialomiţa 14,591 Simeria Hunedoara 14,571 Dărmăneşti Bacău 14,232 Târgu Ocna Bacău 14,184 Târgu Lăpuş Maramureş 14,139 Vălenii de Munte Prahova 13,898 Târgu Frumos Iaşi 13,763 Scorniceşti Olt 13,751 Comarnic Prahova 13,532 Ovidiu Constanţa 13,458 Drăgăneşti-Olt Olt 13,181 Oţelu Roşu Caraş-Severin 13,128 Mărăşeşti Vrancea 13,070 Sânnicolau Mare Timiş 13,007 Ianca Brăila 12,886 Nehoiu Buzău 12,650 Rovinari Gorj 12,603 Strehaia Mehedinţi 12,564 Haţeg Hunedoara 12,507 Videle Teleorman 12,498 Covasna Covasna 12,306 Jibou Sălaj 12,283 Hârlău Iaşi 12,260 Sovata Mureş 12,219 Uricani Hunedoara 12,177 Agnita Sibiu 12,115 Costeşti Argeş 12,091 Beiuş Bihor 12,089 Beclean Bistriţa-Năsăud 12,033 Darabani Botoşani 12,002 Bumbeşti-Jiu Gorj 11,882 Urlaţi Prahova 11,858 Măcin Tulcea 11,803 Buşteni Prahova 11,787 Boldeşti-Scăeni Prahova 11,505 Lipova Arad 11,491 Bolintin-Vale Giurgiu 11,464 Năsăud Bistriţa-Năsăud 11,365 Cristuru Secuiesc Harghita 11,291 Hârşova Constanţa 11,198 Basarabi Constanţa 11,070 Victoria Braşov 10,896 Babadag Tulcea 10,878 Aleşd Bihor 10,852 Titu Dâmboviţa 10,711 Sângeorz-Băi Bistriţa-Năsăud 10,702 Valea lui Mihai Bihor 10,665 Anina Caraş-Severin 10,594 Otopeni Ilfov 10,515 Jimbolia Timiş 10,497 Negreşti Vaslui 10,481 Baraolt Covasna 10,464 Ineu Arad 10,416 Topoloveni Argeş 10,329 Tăşnad Satu Mare 10,188 Plopeni Prahova 10,083 Siret Suceava 10,003 Huedin Cluj 9,955 Panciu Vrancea 9,834 Iernut Mureş 9,833 Curtici Arad 9,762 Budeşti Călăraşi 9,596 Ştei Bihor 9,466 Seini Maramureş 9,439 Târgu Cărbuneşti Gorj 9,338 Bălan Harghita 9,295 Eforie Constanţa 9,294 Zlatna Alba 9,254 Tălmaciu Sibiu 9,147 Întorsura Buzăului Covasna 9,081 Călimăneşti-Căciulata Vâlcea 8,923 Bicaz Neamţ 8,911 Dumbrăveni Sibiu 8,812 Chişineu-Criş Arad 8,724 Segarcea Dolj 8,704 Săveni Botoşani 8,685 Câmpeni Alba 8,587 Cehu Silvaniei Sălaj 8,468 Nădlac Arad 8,422 Buziaş Timiş 8,128 Fieni Dâmboviţa 8,092 Târgu Bujor Galaţi 8,044 Odobeşti Vrancea 7,985 Pogoanele Buzău 7,614 Brezoi Vâlcea 7,589 Făget Timiş 7,519 Însurăţei Brăila 7,501 Horezu Vâlcea 7,446 Pâncota Arad 7,418 Vlăhiţa Harghita 7,392 Techirghiol Constanţa 7,388 Teiuş Alba 7,338 Slănic Prahova 7,249 Mihăileşti Giurgiu 7,161 Vânju Mare Mehedinţi 7,074 Deta Timiş 7,059 Sebiş Arad 6,829 Abrud Alba 6,803 Predeal Braşov 6,735 Lehliu Gară Călăraşi 6,667 Piatra Olt Olt 6,583 Geoagiu Hunedoara 6,290 Rupea Braşov 6,246 Fundulea Călăraşi 6,217 Novaci Gorj 6,151 Azuga Prahova 6,119 Aninoasa Hunedoara 6,108 Băile Herculane Caraş-Severin 6,051 Baia de Aramă Mehedinţi 5,724 Isaccea Tulcea 5,614 Negru Vodă Constanţa 5,529 Cavnic Maramureş 5,494 Slănic Moldova Bacău 5,375 Ţicleni Gorj 5,205 Copşa Mică Sibiu 5,157 Sulina Tulcea 5,140 Baia de Arieş Alba 4,877 Băile Olăneşti Vâlcea 4,814 Solca Suceava 4,687 Făurei Brăila 4,626 Ocna Sibiului Sibiu 4,184 Bereşti Galaţi 3,926 Ocnele Mari Vâlcea 3,591 Băile Govora Vâlcea 3,147 Borsec Harghita 3,109 Vaşcău Bihor 3,032 Nucet Bihor 2,851 Băile Tuşnad Harghita 1,802 See also: List of Romanian Cities (by name), List of cities
External link
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of cities in Romania."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
- Barbu Catargiu - 1862
- Nicolae Cretzulescu - 1862-1863
- Mihail Kogălniceanu - 1863-1865
- Nicolae Cretzulescu - 1865-1866
- Lascăr Catargiu - 1866-1866
- Ion Prince Ghica - 1866-1867
- Nicolae Cretzulescu - 1867-1867
- Ştefan Golescu - 1867-1868
- Nicolae Golescu - 1868
- Ion C. Brătianu - 1868
- Dimitrie Prince Ghica - 1868-1870
- Nicolae Golescu - 1870
- Manolache Costache Epureanu - 1870
- Ion Prince Ghica - 1870-1871
- Lascăr Catargiu - 1871-1876
- Ion Emanuel Florescu - 1876
- Manolache Costache Epureanu - 1876
- Ion C. Brătianu - 1876-1881
- Dimitrie Brătianu - 1881
- Ion C. Brătianu - 1881-1888
- Theodor Rosetti - 1888-1889
- Lascăr Catargiu - 1889-1891
- Ion Emanuel Florescu - 1891
- Lascăr Catargiu - 1891-1895
- Dimitrie Sturdza - 1895-1896
- Petre S. Aurelian - 1896-1897
- Dimitrie Sturdza - 1897-1899
- Georghe Cantacuzino - 1899-1900
- Petre P. Carp - 1900-1901
- Dimitrie Sturdza - 1901-1906
- Georghe Cantacuzino - 1906-1907
- Dimitrie Sturdza - 1907-1909
- Ion I. C. Brătianu - 1909-1911
- Petre P. Carp - 1911-1912
- Titu Maiorescu - 1912-1914
- Ion I. C. Brătianu - 1914-1918
- Alexandru Averescu - 1918
- Alexandru Marghiloman - 1918
- Constantin Coandă - 1918
- Ion I. C. Brătianu - 1918-1919
- Artur Văitoianu - 1919
- Alexandru Vaida-Voevod - 1919-1920
- Alexandru Averescu - 1920-1921
- Take Ionescu - 1921-1922
- Ion I. C. Brătianu - 1922-1926
- Alexandru Averescu - 1926-1927
- Prince Barbu Ştirbey - 1927
- Ion I. C. Brătianu - 1927
- Vintilă Brătianu - 1927-1928
- Iuliu Maniu - 1928-1930
- Georghe Mironescu - 1930
- Iuliu Maniu - 1930
- Georghe Mironescu - 1930-1931
- Nicolae Iorga - 1931-1932
- Alexandru Vaida-Voevod - 1932
- Iuliu Maniu - 1932-1933
- Alexandru Vaida-Voevod - 1933
- Ion Gh. Duca - 1933
- Constantin Anghelescu - 1933-1934
- Georghe Tătărăscu - 1934-1937
- Octavianu Goga - 1937-1938
- Miron Cristea - 1938-1939
- Armand Călinescu - 1939
- Gheorghe Argeşanu - 1939
- Constantin Argetoianu - 1939
- Georghe Tătărăscu - 1939-1940
- Ion Gigurtu - 1940
- Ion Antonescu - 1940-1944
- Iuliu Maniu - 1944-1944
- Constantin Sănătescu - 1944
- Nicolae Rădescu - 1944-1945
- Dr. Petru Groza - 1945-1952
- Gheorghe Gheorgiu-Dej - 1952-1955
- Chivu Stoica - 1955-1961
- Ion Gheorghe Maurer - 1961-1974
- Manea Mănescu - 1974-1979
- Ilie Verdeţ - 1979-1982
- Constantin Dăscălescu - 1982-1989
- Petre Roman - 1989-1991
- Theodor Stolojan - 1991-1992
- Nicolae Văcăroiu - 1992-1996
- Victor Ciorbea - 1996-1998
- Radu Vasile - 1998-1999
- Mugur Isărescu - 1999-2000
- Adrian Năstase- 2000-present
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of Prime Ministers of Romania."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Romania
- Romania, a country in Europe
- History of Romania
- Politics of Romania
- Counties of Romania
- Economy of Romania
- Geography of Romania
- Demographics of Romania
- Culture of Romania
- Foreign relations of Romania
- Transportation in Romania
- The Romanian language and its dialects outside Romania: Istro-Romanian, Megleno-Romanian and Macedo-Romanian.
- Romanians, the inhabitants of Romania
Lists
- Counties of Romania
- List of Romanian Cities (by population)
- List of Romanian Cities (by name)
- List of universities in Romania
- List of Romanian newspapers
- List of Romanian companies
- List of Romanians
- Famous Romanian people
- List of buildings in Bucharest
History
- History of Romania
- Moldovia
- Bessarabia
- Dobruja
- Wallachia
- Transylvania
- List of Wallachian rulers
- Kings of Romania
- Prime ministers of Romania
- Presidents of Romania
Politics
- Constitution of Romania
- Government of Romania
Culture
- Holidays in Romania
- Literature of Romania
- National anthem of Romania
- Flag of Romania
- Romanian cuisine
- Famous Romanian people
- Music of Romania
- Romanian poets
Romanian companies
- Supermarkets in Romania
- Billa
- Angst
- La Fourmi
- Connex GSM Romania
- Orange Romania
- Televiziunea Romana
- ProTV
- Antena1
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of Romania-related topics."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania) is a country in southeastern Europe. The name Romania comes from Rome or the Roman Empire and represents the country's origins. Romania is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary and Serbia in the west and Bulgaria to the south. Romania also has a small sea coast on the Black Sea.
România
(In Detail) (Full size) National motto: none Official language Romanian Capital Bucharest President Ion Iliescu Area
- Total
- % waterRanked 78th
238,391 km²
3.0%Population
- Total (2002)
- DensityRanked 49th
21,698,181
91.3/km²Independence May 9, 1877 Currency Leu Time zone UTC +2/+3 National anthem Deşteaptă-te, Române Internet TLD .RO Calling Code 40
History
Main article: History of RomaniaThe Dacians were defeated by the Roman Empire in 106, which marked the beginning of succession of invasions of Romania, although the rulers usually allowed a high degree of autonomy.
In the Middle Ages Romanians lived in three distinct principalities: Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania. The first two would be under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, but with internal autonomy, the third at first belonged to Hungary, also having a large autonomy, then to Austria-Hungary.
The modern Romania was born when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia merged in 1859, and became independent in 1877. The country was expanded after World War I, when Transylvania, Bucovina and Bassarabia were included.
Parts of Romania were incorporated by the Soviet Union in 1940, mostly comprising the present-day country of Moldova. After the Second World War, Romania became a communist nation under pressure of the Soviet Union.
The decades-long reign of president Nicolae Ceauşescu was ended with an uprising in late 1989, although ex-communists continue to be present in the democratically elected government.
See also: Kings of Romania
Politics
Main article: Politics of RomaniaThe legislative part of the Romanian government consists of two chambers, the Senat (Senate), which has 143 members, and the Camera Deputaţilor (House of Deputies), which has 343 members. The members of both chambers are chosen in elections held every four years.
The president, the head of the executive branch, is also elected by popular vote, every five years (until 2004 - four years). The president appoints a prime minister, who will head the council of ministers, whom are in turn appointed by the prime minister.
Counties
Main article: Counties of RomaniaRomania is divided into 41 judeţe, or counties, and the municipality of Bucharest (Bucureşti) - the capital.
The counties are (in alphabetical order):
Administrative map of Romania | full-size version
- Alba
- Arad
- Argeş
- Bacău
- Bihor
- Bistriţa-Năsăud
- Botoşani
- Braşov
- Brăila
- Buzău
- Caraş-Severin
- Călăraşi
- Cluj
- Constanţa
- Covasna
- Dâmboviţa
- Dolj
- Galaţi
- Giurgiu
- Gorj
- Harghita
- Hunedoara
- Ialomiţa
- Iaşi
- Ilfov
- Maramureş
- Mehedinţi
- Mureş
- Neamţ
- Olt
- Prahova
- Satu Mare
- Sălaj
- Sibiu
- Suceava
- Teleorman
- Timiş
- Tulcea
- Vaslui
- Vâlcea
- Vrancea
Geography
Main article: Geography of Romania
Map of RomaniaA large part of Romania's borders with Yugoslavia and Bulgaria is formed by the Danube. The Danube is joined by the Prut River, which forms the border with Moldova.
The Carpathian Mountains dominate the western part of Romania, with peaks up to 2,500 m, the highest, Moldoveanu, reaching 2,544 m.
Major cities are the capital Bucharest, Braşov, Timişoara, Cluj-Napoca, Constanţa, Craiova, and Iaşi (Jassy).
See also:
- List of Romanian Cities
- Rivers of Romania
- Lakes of Romania
Economy
Main article: Economy of RomaniaAfter the collapse of the Soviet Bloc in 1989-91, Romania was left with an obsolete industrial base and a pattern of industrial capacity wholly unsuited to its needs.
In February 1997, Romania embarked on a comprehensive macroeconomic stabilisation and structural reform programme, but reform subsequently has been a frustrating stop-and-go process. Restructuring programs include liquidating large energy-intensive industries and major agricultural and financial sector reforms. In 1999 Romania's economy contracted for a third straight year - by an estimated 4.8%.
Romania reached an agreement with the IMF in August for a US $547547 million loan, but release of the second tranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetary spending.
Bucharest avoided defaulting on mid-year lump-sum debt payments, but had to significantly draw down reserves to do so; reserves rebounded to an estimated $1.5 billion by yearend 1999.
The government's priorities include: obtaining renewed IMF lending, tightening fiscal policy, accelerating privatisation, and restructuring unprofitable firms.
2002 and 2003 were successful economic years, and currently GDP growth is forecast at 4.5% per annum. The average gross wage per month in Romania is 6,721,855 lei as of July 2003, an increase of 3.8% over the previous month. This shows that salaries increase faster than the inflation rate, which is slightly less than 2% per month. The average net salary per month in July 2003 is 4,863,801 lei, which is equal to US$141.05, 131.32 Euro and A$223.73.
Romania was invited by the European Union in December 1999 to begin accession negotiations. It is expected to join the EU in 2007 along with Bulgaria.
Official Holidays Date English Name Local Name Remarks January 1 New Year's Day Anul nou April/May Easter Paştele Romanians celebrate the Orthodox Easter. The holiday is three days long May 1 Labour Day Ziua muncii International Labour day December 1 National holiday
(Unification Day)Ziua Unirii Celebrating the unification of Transylvania with Romania, December 1, 1918 December 25/26 Christmas Day Crăciunul Romanians celebrate two days of Christmas.
Traditional holidays Date Name Remarks March 1 Mărţişorul Spring festival (vaguely similar to St. Valentine's Day)
Miscellaneous topics
- Communications in Romania
- Transportation in Romania
- Military of Romania
- Foreign relations of Romania
- List of Romania-related topics
External links
- Official site of the Romanian government
- Presidency of Romania
- The Romanian Senate
- Camera Deputaţilor (lower house of Parliament)
- Tourism Ministry
- Romania Banknotes
Countries of the world | Europe | Council of Europe Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Romania."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Romanian (Română, ISO 639 codes: rum, ron, ro) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken by about 30 million people, most of them in Romania, Moldova (where it is the official language) and neighbouring countries (Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Ukraine and Greece), but there are also Romanian language speakers in countries like Canada, United States, Germany, Israel, Australia and New Zealand.
Dialects
Romanian has four dialects: Daco-Romanian - generally referred as Romanian, Istro-Romanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Macedoromanian. It is thought that the Romanian language appeared north and south of the Danube. All the four dialects are offsprings of the Romance language spoken both in the North and South Danube, before the settlement of the Slavonian tribes south of the river - Daco-Romanian in North, and the other three dialects in the South.
Linguistic Origins
Most words in Romanian vocabulary (about 75%) are of Latin origin, but it also contains many words borrowed from its Slavonic neighbours and also from German, Hungarian, Turkish, French and English.
There are some Slavonic influences, both on the phonetic level and on the lexical level - for example, since Latin does not has a word for yes, Romanian took the Slavonic da. Also Romanian is the only Romance language with /h/. (Although in many dialects of Spanish, <j> is pronounced as [h], but the original, Castilian phoneme is /x/.)
Singular Plural 1st Person eu - I noi - we 2nd Person familiar tu - you voi - you polite dumneavoastră - you dumneavoastră - you 3rd Person familiar ea - she
el - heele - they (f)
ei - they (m)polite dumneaei - she
dumnealui - hedumnealor - they
Gender Noun Definite article Noun with article Feminine carte = book -a cartea = the book Masculine drum = road -ul drumul = the road
Letter Phoneme Pronunciation A a /a/ Like in 'Mars' Ă ă (a with breve) Schwa first sound of above  â (a with circumflex) no English equivalent ы in Russian, ı in Turkish B b /b/ C c /k/ Like in 'cat' D d /d/ E e /e/ Like in 'merry' F f /f/ G g /g/ Like in 'goat' H h /h/ Like in 'house' I i /i/ Like in 'machine' Î î (i with circumflex) the same as â J j /Z/ Like French 'j': 'jour' K k /k/ L l /l/ Like in 'lamp' M m /m/ N n /n/ O o /o/ Like in 'door' P p /p/ R r /r/ Trilled - like Italian, Spanish 'r' S s /s/ Ș ș (s with comma)
(also with cedilla: Ş ş)/S/ like in sheep T t /t/ Ț ț (t with comma)
(also with cedilla: Ţ ţ)/ts/ like in nuts U u /u/ Like in 'group' V v /v/ X x /ks/ Z z /z/ Q, W and Y are not part of the core Romanian alphabet; they are used mainly to write imported words, such as: quasar, watt, etc.
Writing letters /S/ and /ts/ with a cedilla instead of a comma is incorrect, but widespread, especially in computer environments. The preferred form is with comma below. (Note that not all computer systems can properly render these "comma-below" characters. However, they are included as special Romanian Unicode characters in the Unicode standard.)
There are seven vowels in Romanian:
a e i o u ă î â
The last two letters both represent exactly the same sound, and since they are also not interchangeable in writing this article counts them as a single vowel.
When authoring HTML that uses the more unusual Romanian characters, the following information may be useful:
- The reason for using both î and â is historical, denoting the language's Latin origin. Unfortunately during Nicolae Ceausescu's regime, the communists also crippled the language by imposing only the usage of î, except for the name of the country, which was still România (probably in order to prevent ambiguity in foreign relations). After his regime ended, the Romanian Academy decided to reintroduce â; unfortunately most of the population had forgotten how to properly use â, so the Academy proposed an artificial set of rules for the usage of this letter. For instance, the Latin angelus (angel) naturally became the Romanian ânger, but today it's spelled înger.
Upper case Lower case Upper case encoding Lower case encoding Notes Ă ă Ă ă Â â Â â Î î Î î Ș ș Ș ș s with comma, more correct, but not widely supported Ş ş Ş ş s with cedilla, considered less correct Ț ț Ț ț t with comma, more correct, but not widely supported Ţ ţ Ţ ţ t with cedilla, considered less correct
Group of letters
These groups of letters are identical to those in Italian:
Group Sound Example ge dZ like 'ge' in gentle gi like 'gi' in gin ghe like 'ge' in get ghi like gui in guitar ce tS like tche in hatchet ci like tchi in sketching che ke like ke in kerosen chi ki like ki in kimono
Common words and phrases in Romanian
The Romanian alphabet is phonetic, so the words are read nearly as in Italian/Latin (with the exception of the quasi-diacrticals).
See also:
- Romanian (person): "Român"
- hello: "Salut"
- good-bye: "La revedere"
- bye: "Pa"
- please: "Vă rog"
- sorry: "Îmi pare rău"
- thank you: "Mulţumesc"
- yes: "Da"
- no: "Nu"
- I don't understand: "Nu înţeleg"
- Where's the bathroom?: "Unde e toaleta?"
- Do you speak English?: "Vorbiţi engleza?"
- Romanian proverbs
External Links
- Romanian Lessons
- SAMPA for Romanian
- Neacşu of Câmpulung's letter - the oldest written document in Romanian
- Verbix: Romanian verbs conjugation
- Romanian grammar
- DEX online - Romanian (explicative) dictionary
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Romanian language."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Railways:total: 11,385 km (3,888 km electrified)
standard gauge: 10,898 km
narrow gauge: 487 km (1996)
National Railway Operator: Căile Ferate Române
City with underground railway system: Bucharest (see: Bucharest Metro)
Highways:
total: 153,359 km
paved: 103,671 km (including 133 km of expressways)
unpaved: 49,688 km (1998 est.)
Waterways: 1,724 km (1984)
Pipelines: crude oil 2,800 km; petroleum products 1,429 km; natural gas 6,400 km (1992)
Ports and harbors: Brăila, Constanţa, Galaţi, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea
Merchant marine:
total: 142 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,154,127 GRT/1,612,314 DWT
ships by type: bulk 15, cargo 110, container 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 5, rail car carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off 6, specialized tanker 1 (1999 est.)
Airports: 62 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 25
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 37
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 23 (1999 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1999 est.)
- See also : Romania
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Transportation in Romania."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| RO | English | Romania | Geography |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: RomaniaSynonyms: Roumania (n), Rumania (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Romania |
| English words defined with "Romania": Bucharest, Bucharesti, Bucuresti ♦ capital of Romania ♦ Eugene Ionesco ♦ Ionesco ♦ leu ♦ Romanian, Romanian monetary unit, Roumanian, Rumanian ♦ Samuel Rosenstock, Saul Steinberg, Steinberg ♦ Tristan Tzara, Tzara. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "Romania": Balkan Nephropathy ♦ Central and Eastern European Countries ♦ romanite. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Romania" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Finnish (Roumania), Italian (Romania). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | Romania orizont '64 (1964) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Dental assistants in Bacau, Romania. / WHO photo. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Hitler's plane being bombed by artillery, knocking off Italy, Romania, France, Bulgaria, and Hungary. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Man and woman in costumes derived from those of their Saxon ancestors, Romania] / Kamilla Ásbóth, Hermannstadt, Romania. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Woman and child standing by fence of farmyard, Romania. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Marie, Queen of Romania, laying wreath on Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Arlington cemetery. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Silence Of The Nature" by Roxana Barbulescu Commentary: "Vidraru Lake, in the Fagarash Mountains - Romania, picture taken on the 5th of July 2003." | "Liqui Molly Rally 5" by Ovidiu Sopa Commentary: "The Liqui Molly Rally 2003 from Sibiu, Romania." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Recent outbreaks of WN virus encephalitis in humans have occurred in Algeria in 1994, Romania in 1996-1997, the Czech Republic in 1997, the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998, Russia in 1999, the United States in 1999-2001, and Israel in 2000. Epizootics of disease in horses occurred in Morocco in 1996, Italy in 1998, the United States in 1999-2001, and France in 2000. In the U.S. through July 2001, WN virus has been documented in Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Florida, Georgia, Virginia, Ohio, and the District of Columbia. (references) | |
Business | Fortunately, well-qualified candidates exist in Romania. (references) | |
A second affiliate company was also created to pursue work in Romania. (references) | ||
Much of the equipment for the local power industry is manufactured in Romania. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Ireland | A total of 12,325 applications awaited processing as of October; most applicants were from Romania and Nigeria. (references) |
Czech Republic | Persons from Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Vietnam, India, and Georgia submitted the most asylum requests during the first three quarters of the year. (references) | |
Romania | Romanian State Television (RTV), Radio Romania, and the Europa FM radio network remained the only national broadcasters capable of reaching the bulk of the rural population at year's end. (references) | |
Economic History | Moldova | Major suppliers--Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Germany. (references) |
Romania | Romania seeks to develop efficient capital markets. (references) | |
Moldova | Major markets--Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Germany, Italy. (references) | |
Human Rights | Moldova | Ilascu, who subsequently became a Romanian parliamentarian, is pressing the Government of Romania to work toward the release of his former colleagues. (references) |
Moldova | Local organizations alleged that they were prosecuted solely because of their membership in the Christian Democratic Popular Party (PPCD), a political party that, at that time, favored unification with Romania. (references) | |
Minorities | Romania | A government decree permits students in state-funded primary and secondary schools to be taught in their own language, with the exception of secondary school courses on the history and geography of Romania. (references) |
Political Economy | Romania | The United States and Romania have very close relations. (references) |
ROMANIA | In 2001, U.S. exports to Romania are projected to grow 17 percent. (references) | |
ROMANIA | Lack of an efficient payment system further delays transactions in Romania. (references) | |
Political Rights | Romania | The PSD governed as a minority government, with support from the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR). (references) |
Romania | The extremist, xenophobic Greater Romania Party (PRM) won the next largest share of parliamentary and presidential votes. (references) | |
Trade | Romania | The purpose of the Fund is to promote private sector development in Romania. (references) |
Travel | Romania | Language: The official language of Romania is Romanian. (references) |
Romania | There is no requirement to change any specific amount of money per day while in Romania. (references) | |
Romania | No amount in excess of that declared upon entry may be taken out of Romania upon departure. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Greece | Major countries of origin include Ukraine, Russia, Bulgaria, Albania, and Romania. (references) |
Romania | The IOM office in the country estimated that as many as 20,000 women are trafficked from Romania each year. (references) | |
Cambodia | Women have been trafficked from European countries such as Moldova and Romania, as well, for purposes of prostitution. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | We are determined that the Export-Import Bank can allow commercial credits to Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia, as well as to Romania and Yugoslavia. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Romania" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 99.91% of the time. "Romania" is used about 1,158 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 99.91% | 1,157 | 6,651 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.09% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,158 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "Romania": capital of Romania. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "Romania": Moldavia-romania, Ussr-romania. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
romania | 3,288 | omu romania vf | 89 |
bucharest romania | 2,158 | braila romania | 85 |
cluj napoca romania | 845 | campina romania | 84 |
constanta romania | 734 | romania libera | 82 |
romania hotel | 628 | capital former romania | 81 |
romania timisoara | 614 | buzau romania | 79 |
brasov romania | 514 | gheorgheni romania | 73 |
iasi romania | 506 | romania tirgoviste | 71 |
romania sibiu | 337 | travel to romania | 64 |
map of romania | 315 | caransebes romania | 59 |
arad romania | 312 | marmatiei romania sighetu | 59 |
craiova romania | 289 | drobeta romania severin tr | 58 |
oradea romania | 285 | romania picture | 55 |
bacau romania | 282 | flag of romania | 54 |
ploiesti romania | 213 | calarasi romania | 52 |
mare romania satu | 172 | focsani romania | 50 |
galati romania | 162 | radio romania | 48 |
pitesti romania | 125 | petrosani romania | 47 |
rimnicu romania vilcea | 112 | romania sex | 46 |
botosani romania | 92 | romania girl | 45 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "Romania"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | Roemenië. (various references) | |
Arabic | رومانيا. (various references) | |
Asturian | Rumanía. (various references) | |
Chinese | 罗马尼亚 (Roumania, Rumania). (various references) | |
Danish | Rumanien (The Socialist Republic of Romania), Rumænien, RO (repose, rest, row), Den socialistiske republik Rumaenien (The Socialist Republic of Romania). (various references) | |
Dutch | Roemenië (Rumania). (various references) | |
Esperanto | Rumanujo (Rumania), Rumanio (Rumania). (various references) | |
Faeroese | Rumenia. (various references) | |
Finnish | Romania (Roumania), RO. (various references) | |
French | Roumanie (The Socialist Republic of Romania). (various references) | |
Frisian | Roemenië. (various references) | |
German | Rumänien (Rumania (ro)). (various references) | |
Greek | Ρουμανία (Roumania, Rumania). (various references) | |
Hungarian | Románia (Roumania, rumania). (various references) | |
Italian | Romania (The Socialist Republic of Romania). (various references) | |
Korean | 루마니아 (Romanian, Roumania, Roumanian, Rumania, Rumanian). (various references) | |
Macedonian | Romanija. (various references) | |
Manx | Yn Roomaain. (various references) | |
Papiamen | Rumania. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | omaniaray.(various references) | |
Polish | Rumunia. (various references) | |
Portuguese | Roménia (Rumania), Ruménia (Rumania). (various references) | |
Romanian | România. (various references) | |
Ruanda | Roumanie. (various references) | |
Samoan | Romani. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | rumunija. (various references) | |
Spanish | Rumania (Rumania). (various references) | |
Swedish | rumänien (Roumania, Rumania). (various references) | |
Tagalog | Rumanya. (various references) | |
Thai | โรมาเนีย, ประเทศโรมาเนีย (Rumania). (various references) | |
Turkish | Rumanya, Romanya (roumanian, rumanian). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | Румунія (Rumania). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words ending with "Romania": pyromania. (additional references) | |
Words containing "Romania": pyromaniac, pyromaniacal, pyromaniacs, pyromanias. (additional references) | |
| |
"Romania" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Bomani, bonamia, Bronnaya, Drymonia, Eridania, Erromanga, Komanya, Omanga, Onania, Ormena, Ormosia, Osmenia, Rahmani, Ramani, Ramanna, Rohani, Romagnola, Romainia, romanai, Romanet, romanica, Romanit, Romanova, Romanow, Romanza, Romanzas, Romaria, Romarias, Romasius, Romawi, Romni, Ronzani, Rubaiya, Rumailah, Tomanaga. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-i-m-n-o-r" | |
-1 letter: airman, marina. | |
-2 letters: amain, amino, amnia, amnio, anima, aroma, inarm, mania, manor, maria, minor, moira, naira, noria, roman. | |
-3 letters: airn, amia, amin, amir, anoa, aria, inro, iron, maar, main, mair, mana, mano, mina, moan, mora, morn, naoi, noir, noma, nori, norm, raia, rain, rami, rani, roam, roan. | |
-4 letters: aim, ain, air, ama, ami, ana. | |
-5 letters: aa. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-i-m-n-o-r" | |
+1 letter: airwoman, animator, armonica, foramina, macaroni, manorial, marocain, morainal, radioman. | |
+2 letters: angiogram, animators, armonicas, carbamino, carcinoma, foraminal, harmonica, inamorata, laminator, macaronic, macaronis, marocains, panoramic, pyromania. | |
+3 letters: abominator, admiration, anamorphic, angiograms, carcinomas, chairwoman, cochairman, harmonicas, inamoratas, laminators, macaronics, macaronies, maceration, machinator, maraschino, marination, maturation, microfauna, monarchial, morganatic, natatorium, nonmarital, oceanarium, organismal, parmigiano, praenomina, pyromaniac, pyromanias, sanatorium. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Speeches 11. Usage Frequency 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Abbreviations 16. Acronyms | 17. Derivations 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
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