Rigorous

Definition: Rigorous

Rigorous

Adjective

1. Rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard; "rigorous application of the law"; "a strict vegetarian".

2. Demanding strict attention to rules and procedures; "rigorous discipline"; "tight security"; "stringent safety measures".

3. (of circumstances; especially weather) causing suffering; "brutal weather"; "northern winters can be cruel"; "a cruel world"; "a harsh climate; "a rigorous climate"; "unkind winters".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "rigorous" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references)

Etymology: Rigorous \Rig"or*ous\, adjective. [French expression rigoureux, Late Latin expression rigorosus. See Rigor.]. (references)

Synonyms: Rigorous

Demonstration

Noun: {ant. } demonstration, proof, rigorous proof; conclusiveness; Adjective: apodeixis, apodixis, probation, comprobation.

Logic of facts; (evidence); experimentum crucis; (test); argument; rigorous establishment, absolute establishment.

Revenge

Adjective: revengeful, vengeful; vindictive, rancorous; pitiless; a; ruthless, rigorous, avenging.

Severity

Adjective: severe; strict, hard, harsh, dour, rigid, stiff, stern, rigorous, uncompromising, exacting, exigent, exigeant, inexorable, inflexible, obdurate, austere, hard-headed, hard-nosed, hard-shell, relentless, Spartan, Draconian, stringent, strait-laced, searching, unsparing, iron-handed, peremptory, absolute, positive, arbitrary, imperative; coercive; tyrannical, extortionate, grinding, withering, oppressive, inquisitorial; inclement; (ruthless) a; cruel; (malevolent); haughty, arrogant; precisian.

Truth

Exact, accurate, definite, precise, well-defined, just, just so, so; strict, severe; close; (similar); literal; rigid, rigorous; scrupulous; (conscientious); religiously exact, punctual, mathematical, scientific; faithful, constant, unerring; curious, particular, nice, delicate, fine; clean-cut, clear-cut.

Crosswords: Rigorous

Books

• A First Look at Rigorous Probability Theory (reference)

• Black Scars: A Rigorous Investigation of the Effects of Discrimination, With an Appendix on the Southern White, (reference)

• Reading Between the Lines: A Balanced Approach to Literacy (Extreme Teaching, Rigorous Texts for Troubled Times, V. 2) (reference)

• Schooling for the Real World: The Essential Guide to Rigorous and Relevant Learning (Jossey-Bass Education Series) (reference)

• Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach, Revised (reference)

  (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Steel manufacture, Allegheny-Ludlum. Sheets of finished stainless steel on their way to the warehouse and shipping rooms. All stainless steel for defense production is subject to rigorous inspection before acceptance. Credit: Library of Congress.

High school Victory Corps. Surmounting an eight-foot obstacle at top speed is one of the features of the rigorous "commando" training which the boys of Flushing High School, Queens, New York, receive. When the boys finish this program they will be in top. Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

If two of the workmen know each other particularly well and are old friends, if their families are inter-mingled, and if they have "faith in each other's purpose, hope in each other's future and charity towards each other's shortcomings" - to quote some good words I read here the other day - why cannot they work together at the common task as friends and partners? Why cannot they share their tools and thus increase each other's working powers? Indeed they must do so or else the temple may not be built, or, being built, it may collapse, and we shall all be proved again unteachable and have to go and try to learn again for a third time in a school of war, incomparably more rigorous than that from which we have just been released. ("Iron Curtain" Speech)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Javert is an estimable man, who does honour to inferior but important functions, by his rigorous and strict probity

Each of his senses was brought under a rigorous discipline

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Health

Hygienic measures always should be used first, and rigorous intervention is recommended. (references)

Some of these complementary and alternative therapies have not undergone rigorous evaluation. (references)

Many candidates for these enzymes have been suggested, but none has stood up to rigorous examination. (references)

Business

The company’s success is due both to its 1,400 store locations and rigorous control over its product lines. (references)

Some universities in South Africa offer world-class facilities, have highly qualified staff, offer rigorous academic programs and have excellent facilities. (references)

The competitive edge of innovation should be used by U.S. companies, which have an advantage over their European competitors with less rigorous research restrictions and testing/clinical trial laws in their home market. (references)

Civil Liberties

Ethiopia

Unlike NGO's, religious groups are not subject to a rigorous registration process. (references)

Greece

In addition the rigorous training conditions they must meet to advance also require a solid educational background and fluency in Greek, posing an obstacle for many Muslims. (references)

Economic History

Tunisia

COMPANIES SHOULD BE RIGOROUS IN SELECTING A PARTNER. (references)

Human Rights

Macau

However, the Government has instituted a rigorous postgraduate training program for magistrates who received legal training outside of the SAR. (references)

Pakistan

Under the Act, terrorist killings are punishable by death and any act, including speech, intended to stir up religious hatred, is punishable by up to 7 years' rigorous imprisonment. (references)

France

Magistrates compete for entry into the National School for Judges; upon completion of their course of study and rigorous exams, magistrates are placed according to their class ranking. (references)

Political Economy

SPAIN

Not infrequently, U.S. products face rigorous application of import requirements. (references)

OMAN

Oman has fairly rigorous health, safety, and environmental standards, and is attempting to upgrade its enforcement capabilities. (references)

JAPAN

Child labor is virtually non-existent in Japan, as societal values and the rigorous enforcement of the Labor Standards Law protect children from exploitation in the workplace. (references)

Trade

Chile

However, more rigorous licensing procedures apply for pharmaceuticals and weapons. (references)

Mauritius

Importation of animals, animal feed, plants, and seeds must satisfy phytosanitary conditions and are subject to rigorous quarantine regulations. (references)

France

These standards often differ substantially from those in the U.S. In many cases, particularly with goods of a technologically complex or potentially harmful nature, rigorous testing and approval procedures must be undertaken before the goods in question can be sold in France. (references)

Travel

Chad

Work Permits: The regulations for individuals seeking long-term employment are still somewhat rigorous and bureaucratic. (references)

Worker Rights

Japan

Both societal values and the rigorous enforcement of the Labor Standards Law protect children from exploitation in the workplace. (references)

Thailand

Enforcement of child labor laws is not rigorous, and inspectors usually respond only to specific public complaints, reports of absences by teachers, or reports in newspapers. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Expression using "rigorous": rigorous establishment. Additional references.

Beginning with "rigorous": rigorous-critical.

Ending with "rigorous": non-rigorous.

Albanian

i sertë (dour, hard, hard boiled, hard-fisted, harsh, iron-bound, ornery, rigid, rough, severe, steely, stern, stiff, wayward), i rreptë (austere, hard, hard and fast, iron-handed, raucous, severe, slashing, strict, stringent, tough, unkind, unmerciful, unrelenting), i ashpër (argute, austere, biting, bluff, bluffy, Brant, bristly, brusque, churlish, coarse, crude, ding-dong, dour, draconian, draconic, gravelly, grim, gruff, hard, harsh, ill, ill natured, inclement, keen, malevolent, pipy, raucous, rigid, rough, rough and ready, rude, savage, scabrous, scathing, scratchy, severe, shaggy, slashing, smart, stern, strict, tough, truculent, uncharitable, unkind, unmerciful, violent, wiry). (various references)

Arabic 

‏متزمت (austere, pi, prim, puritan, puritanical, rigid, severe, stick in the mud, strict), ‏قاس (austere, callous, concrete, cruel, cutthroat, drastic, firm, gauge, hard, hard-hearted, harsh, inclement, inflexible, measure, merciless, pitiless, relentless, rigid, rough, rugged, ruthless, scale, severe, solid, standardize, stark, stern, stiff, strict, stringent, tape, tough, try on, unfeeling, unkind, unyielding), ‏عنيف (bitter, dragon's, drastic, fell, fierce, gory, heady, impetuous, knockabout, outrageous, passionate, rabid, robust, rough, rude, ruthless, scurrilous, set, severe, sharp, shrewd, smart, stiff, stout, strenuous, stringent, strong, torricellian, tough, tumultuous, turbulent, vehement, violent, volcanic), ‏صارم (astringent, austere, disciplinary, dour, driving, exact, extreme, fast, firm, hard, hard and fast, hardheaded, inclement, puritan, ramrod, rigid, rugged, searching, severe, sharp, stark, stern, stiff, strait, strict, stringent, swingeing, tight, tough, unrelenting, violent), ‏شديد (acute, biting, boisterous, brusque, cordial, crass, dense, excruciating, extreme, forte, intense, intensive, keen, lusty, shrill, stern, strong, telling, tempestuous, terrible, vehement, vicious, violent), ‏دقيق جدا, ‏دقيق (accurate, careful, close, delicate, elaborate, exact, express, farina, fine, flour, inappreciable, infinitesimal, intangible, just, keen, mathematical, meal, nearness, nice, painstaking, particular, pernickety, precise, punctilious, punctual, scrupulous, searching, sharp, sound, specific, straightforward, strict, ticklish, tiny, touchy, tricky, true, veracious). (various references)

Bulgarian 

суров (austere, coarse, crude, dour, draconian, flinty, green, grim, hard, harsh, iron, iron-bound, raw, rough, rude, rugged, severe, smart, stiff, uncharitable, uncooked, uncouth, unpitying, unseasoned), строг (astringent, austere, censorious, close, firm, grim, hard, hard and fast, hard-grained, hardhanded, ironclad, narrow, religious, rigid, rugged, severe, sinewy, stern, straitlaced, strict, stringent, taut, unaffable, uncharitable), точен (accurate, careful, correct, exact, express, faithful, just, literal, minute, narrow, near, perfect, pinpoint, precise, precision, proper, punctual, refined, right, scientific, sensitive, straight, strict, true, unerring, veracious, well-directed), взискателен (choosey, exact, exacting, exigent, fastidious, nice, strict), непреклонен (adamant, adamantine, austere, cast iron, implacable, inexorable, inexpiable, inflexible, iron-bound, ironclad, relentless, rigid, rugged, stern, unbending, uncompromising, unrelenting, unyielding). (various references)

Chinese 

嚴峻 (grim, severe), 严谨. (various references)

Czech

rigorózní (strict, stringent), tvrdý (big, brazen, callous, crackdown, cruel, deep, hard, harsh, heavy, relentless, sound, steely, stiff, stone-dead, stony, tough, unkind), precizní, peèlivý (careful, painstaking, thorough), přísný (austere, exacting, firm, hard, harsh, heavy, nice, rigid, severe, sharp, stern, stiff, strict, stringent, strong, tough, uncharitable), ostrý (abrupt, acrid, acute, biting, crisp, ferocious, fierce, glib, hard, harsh, high pitched, hot, incisive, intense, keen, piercing, poignant, pointed, sharp, shrill, smart, snappy, spicy, strident, tart, tough, trenchant), drsný (abrasive, broad, coarse, crude, grating, gruff, harsh, heavy, inclement, intemperate, leathery, offhand, ragged, raucous, raw, rough, ruddy, scabrous, severe, stark, unkind). (various references)

Danish

streng udjævning (rigorous adjustment). (various references)

Dutch

wettisch (rigourous, stringent), strikt (absolutely, definitely, rigourous, stringent, tight, without fail), streng (rigourous, severe, strict, strictly, stringent, tight), gestreng (rigourous, stringent). (various references)

Esperanto

rigora (stringent). (various references)

Farsi 

سخت (Adjacent, Chronic, Crusty, Demanding, Difficult, Dogged, Dour, Eburnated, Exquisite, Grave, Grim, Rigid, Rocky, Rugged, Serious, Severe, Sore, Steely, Stratify, Stringent, Strong, Troublesome), شدید (Boisterous, Chronic, Diametrical, Drastic, Exquisite, Grievous, Hard, Inclement, Intense, Intensive, Keen, Rugged, Severe, Sopping, Stalwart, Strenuous, Tough, Vehement, Vigorous, Violent). (various references)

Finnish

ryhtyä jyrkkiin toimenpiteisiin (adopt rigorous measures), tarkka tasoitus (rigorous adjustment). (various references)

French

rigoureux (rigourous). (various references)

German

streng (absolute, absolutely, astringent, austere, draconic, exacting, exigent, forbidding, hardly, harsh, heavy, intense, iron, pungent, rigid, severe, severely, sour, stern, sternly, stiff, strict, strictly, stringent, stringently, tangy), hart (astringent, callous, callously, cruel, firm, grim, hard, hard boiled, hard core, hardly, harsh, harshly, punishing, rigorously, robust, rough, roughly, rude, severe, severely, sharp, sharply, stable, steely, stiff, strong, tough, unsympathetically, unyielding, violent). (various references)

Greek 

εξονυχιστικός (thorough), επισταμένος (thorough), αυστηρόσ (austere, censorious, crucial, disciplinarian, puritanic, puritanical, severe, stern, strict, stringent). (various references)

Hebrew 

מחמיר (aggravating, harsh, meticulous, pedant, severe, stringent), מ�"וק�"ק (accurate, exact, precise, strict), קפ�"� י (austere, exact, meticulous, pedantic, punctilious, stern, strait laced, strict, stringent, thorough). (various references)

Hungarian

zord (austere, boisterous, boreal, dour, grim, gruff, inclement, mirthless, raw, rough, rugged, stern). (various references)

Indonesian

keras (crusty, hard, heady, keen, killing, loud, severe, strict, stringent, tang, wicked). (various references)

Italian

rigoroso (close, severe, straight-laced, strict, stringent), rigido (harsh, inflexible, martinet, numbly, primly, relentless, rigid, rugged, severe, stark, stern, stiff, strait laced, stringent, taut, wooden), severo (austere, hard, harsh, heavy-handed, martinet, severe, stern, strict, tight), preciso (accurate, careful, clean, close, definite, exact, identic, identical, on time, particular, positive, precise, prompt, pronounced, punctual, strict, thorough, trenchant, true). (various references)

Japanese Kanji 

酷 (harsh, severe, strict, stringent, unfair), 峻厳 (severe, stern, strict), 凛烈 (biting, intense, severe), 凛冽 (biting, intense, severe). (various references)

Japanese Katakana 

しゅ�"�'�" (giftedman, severe, stern, strict), �"く (ancient expression, carving, cutting, engraving, harsh, old poem, severe, strict, stringent, time, unfair, victory, volume measure), り�"れつ (biting, intense, severe). (various references)

Korean 

준엄한 (strict). (various references)

Manx

gyere (rigid, sharp, sour, tart). (various references)

Pig Latin

igorousray.(various references)

Portuguese

rigoroso (austere, close, harsh, inclement, mathematical, rigourous, rude, searching, severe, stiff, strait, straitlaced, strict, stringent), severo (austere, bad, bitter, blue, censorious, close, closet, cornered, dour, grim, grueling, gruelling, hard, hard-faced, hard-grained, harsh, inclement, iron-bound, joggly, keen, pointed, relentless, rigid, rough, rugged, scathing, severe, smart, squint-eyed, stern, stiff, strait, straitlaced, strict, stringent), minucioso (curious, hairsplitting, minute, narrow, niggling, particular, pernickety, scrupulous, searching, thorough), inflexível (die-hard, firm, iron-bound, non-ductile, obdurate, relentless, rugged, severe, steadfast, stiff, stony, stubborn, tough, unaccommodating, unbending, uncompromising, unfeeling, unpersuadable, unrelenting, unshrinking, unyielding), exigente (critical, demanding, exacting, exigent, nice, picky, select), áspero (abrupt, acerb, bluff, coarse, cornered, jarring, joggly, lacerated, poignant, ragged, raucous, rough, rude, rugged, rusty, scabrous, scraggy, scratchy, scrawny, seamy, severe). (various references)

Romanian

riguros (close, mathematical, severe, strict, stringent), straşnic (clinking, colossal, considerable, damnably, excellent, excessive, extreme, fine, gee, goody, grand, horrible, jolly, magnificent, mightily, nifty, proper, properly, severe, severely, smashing, solid, some, sound, stern, swell, terrible, terribly, thundering, tremendous, with a vengeance), sever (austere, close, dour, drastic, exacting, firm, frowning, grim, hard, harsh, keen, narrow, rigid, rigidly, rugged, severe, stern, Strait, strict, unrelenting), exact (accurate, accurately, by the square, careful, clean-cut, clipping, clockwork, correct, dead, directly, due, even, exact, exactly, faithful, fitting, flat, for all the world, formal, just, just so, narrow, perfect, precise, precisely, proper, punctual, punctually, regular, right, scholarly, sharp, slick, straight, strict, strictly, that's the idea, to a day, to a hair's breadth, true, truly, you've hit it), aspru (abrupt, abruptly, acid, acrimonious, biting, brisk, callous, clumsy, coarse, crisp, dour, drastic, earthy, edgy, exacting, firm, grating, gruelling, gruff, hard, harsh, hoarse, homespun, husky, ill, inclement, iron, iron-fisted, keen, lashing, nippy, obdurate, punitive, rasping, rigid, rigidly, robust, rough, rugged, scabrous, severe, severely, shaggy, shy, smart, snappish, stern, stiff, Strait, strict, strong, stubborn, tough, unkind, violent, wiry). (various references)

Russian 

суровый (austere, dour, Draconian, Draconic, hard, hard-faced, hard-grained, inclement, inhospitable, severe), строгий (astringent, austere, censorious, chaste, dour, hard, harsh, severe, stern, straitlaced, strict, stringent, taut, unaffable), тщательный (careful, narrow, nice, painstaking, particular, scrupulous, searching, thorough, thoroughgoing), точный (accurate, clockwork, correct, deadeye, definite, direct, exact, neat, nice, perfect, pinpoint, precise, punctual, strict). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian

rigorozan (rigors, rigours). (various references)

Spanish

riguroso (arduous, chuffy, coriaceous, deep, didactic, grueling, gruelling, hard boiled, inclement, inflexible, severe, strict, stringent, tight, unkind). (various references)

Swedish

rigorös (rigid), sträng (astringent, austere, chaste, chord, dour, grueling, gruelling, hard, harsh, inclement, intemperate, severe, strict, string, swath, unbending, wire), bister (dour, fierce, grim, inclement, severe, stern). (various references)

Turkish

titiz (careful, choosy, cleanly, critical, dainty, demanding, difficult, exact, exacting, exigent, fastidious, finical, finicking, finicky, fussy, hypercritical, jealous, jealous of, meticulous, niggling, niminy-piminy, particular, peevish, pernickety, picky, scrupulous, squeamish, touchy), soğuk (aloof, angular, apathetic, apathetical, bleak, calm, chill, chilling, chilly, cold, cool, cryo-, distant, freezing, frigid, frostiness, frosty, frozen, icily, inclement, inhospitable, marble, offish, Parky, phlegmatic, phlegmatical, remote, saturnine, standoffish, starchy, stiff, stony, uncompanionable, unfriendly, unsympathetic, wintry), sert (acrid, adamant, astringent, austere, bad, bitter, boisterous, bossy, brisk, brutal, cast iron, crusty, cutting, drastic, exact, exacting, fierce, firm, flinty, forbidding, get-tough, granitic, grim, gruff, gusty, hard, hard and fast, hard bitten, hard line, hard set, hardening, hard-hitting, harsh, heady, heavy, heavy-handed, hot, ill natured, inclement, incompressible, inelastic, intemperate, iron, ironclad, keen, nappy, pointed, pungent, rigid, rough, round, sclerous, severe, sharp, sharp-set, short, short-spoken, shrewd, smart, solid, sound, spanking, spartan, spiky, stand up, starched, starchy, stark, stern, stiff, strict, stringent, strong, surly, tart, tough, unbending, ungentle, unkind, unrelenting, unshaded, unyielding, vehement, violent), sıkı (clinging, close, close fitting, close-bodied, compact, fast, firm, foursquare, gross, hard, iron, searching, serried, Strait, strict, stringent, sure, tight), kesin (absolute, accurate, assertive, categorical, certain, cheese it, clean-cut, clear-cut, conclusive, decided, decisive, declared, definite, definitive, determined, dogmatic, downright, exact, express, extreme, final, firm, flat, frozen, implicit, indisputable, indubitable, irreversible, irrevocable, mathematical, ocular, outright, peremptory, point blank, pointed, precise, pronounced, rigid, round, safe, scientific, specific, spot-on, Square, stark, sure, sure as death, unambiguous, uncompromising, undoubted, unquestionable, unquestioned, unquestioning, utter), dikkatli (argus-eyed, assiduous, attentive, canny, careful, cautious, circumspect, gingerly, heedful, intense, intent, mindful, particular, regardful, scrupulous, sleepless, solicitous, studious, thoughtful, wary, watchful), dakik (exact, minute, nice, precise, prompt, punctual, refined), şiddetli (acute, astringent, bitter, brutal, burning, cast iron, consuming, deep, drastic, exquisite, extreme, ferocious, flaming, flash, forceful, frenetic, frenzied, fulminant, furious, gusty, hard, harsh, heavy, high, hot, impetuous, intemperate, intense, intensive, ironclad, keen, profound, round, severe, sharp, slashing, sledgehammer, smacking, smart, smashing, spanking, splitting, stand up, stern, stinging, stormy, strenuous, strong, sweeping, tempestuous, torrential, vehement, vicious, vigorous, violent, virulent). (various references)

Ukrainian

суворий (arctic, astringent, austere, censorious, dour, grueling, gruelling, hard, hard-faced, inclement, iron, rigid, severe, stern, straitlaced, stringent, surly), ретельний (affectionate, assiduous, careful, diligent, dutiful, elaborate, meticulous, narrow, nice, observant, prompt, severe, thorough), точний (accurate, austere, business-like, careful, clean-cut, clockwork, definite, definitive, exact, explicit, mathematical, nice, perfect, pointed, positive, precise, punctual, specific, strict, trustworthy, truthful, unerring). (various references)

Vietnamese 

nghiêm khắc (astringent, austere, hard, hardly, slashing), khắt khe (austere), chặt chẽ (hard-set, tight, tightly, undeviating). (various references)

acerbus. (various references)

Derivations

Words beginning with "rigorous": rigorously, rigorousness, rigorousnesses. (additional references)

Misspellings

"Rigorous" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Grigorios, Grigoris, rigirous, rigoous, rigorious, rigourous, rigrous. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

-1 letter: rigours.

-2 letters: guiros, rigors, rigour.

-3 letters: giros, guiro, orris, rigor, sorgo.

-4 letters: giro, goos, ours, rigs, rugs, sori, sour.

-5 letters: goo, gor, gos, ors, our, rig, rug, sir, sou, sri.

+2 letters: rigorously.

+3 letters: frugivorous, granivorous.

+4 letters: corrugations, rigorousness, rustproofing.

+5 letters: graminivorous, interboroughs, nongregarious.