Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Rigging |
RiggingNoun1. Gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails. 2. Formation of masts, spars, sails, etc., on a vessel. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "rigging" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1596. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Food & Agriculture | All ropes, chains and gear used for supporting and operating masts, yards, booms, gaffs, and sails. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The cable, guy lines, and block and hook equipment used for hauling and loading. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Industry | The piece is folded widthwise so that the selvedges meet. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | Loading of necessary equipment and supplies onto the rig before drilling begins. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A. Process of setting up a drill and its auxiliary equipment preparatory to drilling. Syn:setting up b. The cables or ropes anchoring a drill derrick, mast, or tripod. See also:guy c. Sometimes used as a term for derrick, mast, or tripod complete with anchor, stay ropes, and cables d. The equipment or gear such as hoists, tackle, winches, chains, or rope used by riggers in their work. e. The engineering design, layout, and fabrication of pattern equipment for producing castings; including a study of the casting solidification program, feeding and gating, risering, skimmers, and fitting flask. (references) | |
Slang in 1811 | RIGGING. Clothing. I'll unrig the bloss; I'll strip the wench. Rum Rigging; fine clothes. The cull has rum rigging, let's ding him and mill him, and pike; the fellow has good clothes, let's knock him down, rob him, and scour off, i.e. run away. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Sports & Leisure | The preparation of a load for a parachute drop from an aircraft, in general the fixing of the load to a platform or pallet. Source: European Union. (references) |
Transportation | The relative adjustment or alignment of the different components of an aircraft, e. g. , flight and engine controls. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The system of wires or cords and their attachments, by which the dead weight, or the main cable tension, is distributed over the hull or envelope. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rigging (Anglo-Saxon wrigan or wrihan, to clothe), the general term, in connexion with ships, for the whole apparatus of spars (including both masts and yards), sails and cordage, by which the force of the wind is utilized to move the hull against the resistance, and with the support, of the water. (See also sailing ship, and shipbuilding; sail-plan has an analytic description of terms and rigs).
The word is often used as meaning the cordage only, but this is a too-limited, and even an irrational, use of the term. A ship is not rigged until she is provided with all the spars, sails and cordage required to move and control the hull.
The straight or curved pieces of wood or metal, called davits, from which the boats carried along the bulwarks are hung, belong to the rigging. All are fastened directly or indirectly to the hull, and all are required to complete her “clothing.”
Vessels of all classes, from the smallest sailing-boat up to the largest ship, are classed according to the particular combination of their spars, sails and cordage. “Cutter,” “brig,” or “ship,” are only convenient abbreviations for “cutter-rigged,” “brig-rigged,” or “ship-rigged.” They are of such or such a “rig.”
It is strictly correct to speak of the rigging of a mast or a yard, or of a boom, when all that is meant is the special set of ropes, of whatever size or material, required to keep them in their place, or withdraw them from it, when they have to be moved in the ship. In such cases the part is looked upon as a whole, and is mentally abstracted from the total of the vessel’s rigging.
The basis of all rigging is the mast (q.v.), whether it be composed of one or of many pieces of wood or metal. The mast is held up and controlled by ropes, which are classed together as the “standing rigging,” because they are “that part (of the whole rigging) which is made fast, and not hauled upon” (Admiral Smyth, Sailor’s Word-Book). This must be understood subject to the restriction that in the case of a mast composed of several parts, including topmast and topgallant mast, these subdivisions may be, and often are, lowered. The backstays, and other ropes which keep the top and topgallant masts in place, are therefore only “comparative fixtures.” The bowsprit, though it does not rise from the deck but projects from the bow, is in fact a mast.
The masts, including the bowsprit, support all the sails, whether they hang from the “yards,” which are spars slung to the mast, or from “gaffs,” which are spars projecting from the mast, or, as in the case of the “jibs,” are triangular sails, travelling on ropes called “stays,” which go from the foremast to the bowsprit, and are suspended by halliards. The bowsprit is subdivided like other masts. The bowsprit proper corresponds to the lower fore-main- or mizzen-mast. The jib-boom, which is movable and projects beyond the bowsprit, corresponds to a topmast; the flying jib-boom, which also is movable and projects beyond the jib-boom, answers to a topgallant mast.
The whole body of ropes by which the yards, booms and sails are manipulated constitute the “running rigging,” since they are “in constant use, to trim yards, and make or shorten sail” (Admiral Smyth, op. cit.). The rigging must also provide the crew with the means of going aloft, and with standing ground to do their work when aloft. Therefore the shrouds (see below) are utilized to form ladders of rope, of which the steps are called ratlines, by which the crew can mount. Near the heads of the lower masts are the tops—platforms on which men can stand—and in the same place on the topmasts are the “crosstrees,” of which the main function is to extend the topgallant shrouds. The yards are provided with ropes, extending from the middle to the extremities or arms, called horses, or footropes, which hang about 2 or 3 ft. down, and on which men can stand. The material of which the cordage is made has differed, and still differs greatly. Leather has been used.
During historic times, however, the prevailing materials have been hemp or esparto grass (Machrocloa, or Stipa tenacissima), chain and wire. In more recent days, polyester (Dacron (TM)) and stainless steel have been preferred. High performanc racing yachts may use low-weight crystallized hydrocarbons (Spectra and Kevlar (TM)).
As the whole of the rigging is divided into standing and running, so a rope forming part of the rigging is divided into the “standing part” and the “fall.” The standing part is that which is made fast to the mast, deck or block. The fall is the loose end or part on which the crew haul. The block is the pulley through which the rope runs. “Standing” in sea language means “fixed“ —thus the standing part of a hook is that which “is attached to block, chain or anything which is to heave the hook up, with a weight hanging to it; the part opposite the point” (Smyth, sub voce). “Tackle” is the combination of ropes and blocks; the combination of cables and anchors constitutes the ”ground tackle.”
The function of all cordage may be said to be to pull, for the purpose either of keeping the masts in their places, or of moving spars and sails. The standing rigging which supports the masts must be adapted to resist two kinds of pressure, the longitudinal, whether applied by the wind or by the motion of the vessel when pitching (i.e. plunging head and stern. alternately into the hollow of the sea), and the lateral, when the wind is blowing on the side and she is rolling. The longitudinal pressure is counteracted by the bobstays, stays and backstays. A reference to fig. 1 will show that the bobstays hold down the bowsprit, which is liable to be lifted by the tug of the jibs, and, of the stays connecting it with the fore-topmast. If the bowsprit is lifted the fore-topmast loses part of its support. In the case of a small vessel, the lifting of a bowsprit would wreck her whole system of rigging in an instant. If fig. 1 is followed from the bow to the mizzenmast, it will be seen that a succession of stays connect the masts with the hull of the ship or with one another. All pull together to resist pressure from in front. Pressure from behind is met by the backstays, which connect the topmasts and topgallant masts with the sides of the vessel. Lateral pressure is met by the shrouds and breast-backstays. A temporary or "preventer" backstay is used when great pressure must be met.
Seamen have at all times had recourse to special devices to meet particular dangers. When Dundonald, then captain of the Pallas frigate, was chased by a French squadron in stormy weather, he fortified his masts by ordering “all the hawsers“ (large ropes a little less strong than the cables which hold the anchor) “in the ship to be got up to the mast heads, and hove taut,”i.e. made fast to the side. Thus she was able to carry more sail than would have been possible with her normal rigging.
The running rigging by which all spars and sails are hoisted, or lowered and spread or taken in., may be divided into those which lift and lower - the lifts, jeers, halliards (haulyards) — and those which hold down the lower corners of the sails — the tacks and she,ets.
A long technical treatise would be required to name the many combinations of cordage and spars which make up the total rigging. All that is attempted here is to give the main lines and general principles or divisions.
The vessel dealt with here is the fully rigged ship of three or more masts. But she includes all the others and the principles are the same.
The simplest of all forms of rigging is the dipping lug, a quadrangular sail hanging from a yard, and’ always hoisted on the side of the mast opposite to~ that on which the wind is blowing (the lee side). When the boat is to be tacked so as to bring the wind on the other side, the - sail is lowered and rehoisted. One rope can serve as balliard to hoist the sail and as a stay when it is made fast on the weather side on which the wind is blowing.
The difference between such a craft and the fully rigged ship is that between a simple organism and a very complex one; but it is one of degree, not of kind. The steps in the scale are innumerable. Every sea has its own type. Some in eastern waters are of extreme antiquity, and even in Europe vessels are still to be met with which differ very little if at all from the ships of the Norsemen of the 9th and 10th centuries. For a full account of these varieties of rigging the reader may be referred to "Mast and Sail in Europe and Asia" (London, 1906), by H. Warington Smyth.
When the finer degrees of variation are neglected the types of rigging may be reduced to comparatively few, which can be classed by the shape of their sail and the number of their masts. At the bottom of the scale is such a craft as the Norwegian herring boat (fig. 2).
She has one quadrangular sail suspended from a yard whkh is hung (or slung) by the middle to a single mast which is placed of a fully clothed mast.
A very similar craft called a Ilumber keel is used in the north of England. The lug sail is an advance on the course, since it is better adapted for sailing on the wind, with the wind on the side. When the lug is not meant to be lowered1 and rehoisted on the lee side, as in the dipping lug mentioned above, it is slung at a third from the end of the yard, and is called a standing lug. A good example of the lug is the Chinese junk (fig. 4).
The lug is a “lifting sail,” and does not tend to press the vessel down as the fore and aft sail does. Therefore it is much used by fishing vessels in the North Sea.
The type of the fore and aft rig is the schooner, fig. 5. The sails on the 3 masts have a gaff above and a boom below. These spars have a prong called the jaws,” which fit to the mast, and are held in place by a “jaw rope” on which are threaded beads called trucks. Sails of this shape are carried by fully rigged ships on the mizzen-mast, and can be spread on the fore and main. They are then called try - to the great one.
The Lateen (Latin) sail (fig. 6) is a triangular sail akin to the lug, and is the prevailing type of the Mediterranean.
These original types, even when unmodified by mixture with any other, permit of large variations. The number of masts of a logger may vary from one to five, and of a schooner from two to five or even seven. A small lug may be carried above tbe large one, and a gaff topsail added to the sails of a schooner. A small-masted fore-and-aft-rigged vessel may be a cutter (fig. 7) or sloop. But the pure types may be combined, in topsail schooner, btigantines, barquentines and barques, when the topsail, a quadrangular sail hanging from and fastened to a yard, slung by the middle, is combined with fore and aft sails. The lateen rig has been combined with the square rig to make such a rigging as the xebec—a three-masted vessel square rigged on the main, and lateen on the fore and mizzen.
Triangular sails of the same type as the jibs can be set on the stays between the masts of a fully rigged ship, and are then known as staysails. But it can only be repeated that the variations are innumerable. Studdingsails are pieces added to increase the breadth (spread) of sails, and require the support of special yards, booms and tackle.
The development of the rigging of ships is a very obscure subject. It was the work of centuries, and of practical menU who wrote no’ treatises. It has never been universal. A comparison of the four - masted junk given above with the figures of ships on medieval seals shows at least much similarity. Yet by selecting a few leading types of successive periods it is possible to follow the growth of the fully rigged ship, at least in its main lines, in modern times.
The “Santa Maria,” the flagship of Columbus, has only the fixed bowsprit, with a yard and a sail hanging from it, the spritsail yard and spritsail. The foremast has one course, the mainmast a course and topsail, the mizzen a lateen sail.
"Sovereign of the Seas,” British warship of 1637, has only the fixed bowsprit, but a small upright mast has been erected at the end, which serves to spread a sprit topsail. In some cases at left a sprit topgallant sail was used. The mizzenmast still carries a lateen sail, but topsails have been added, and the whole rigging has multiplied and developed.
Between the “Sovereign of the Seas” and the fully developed ship, given in fig. 1 the most apparent differences are in the rigging of the bowsprit and the mizzenmast.
There is no sprit topmast, and instead there is a jib-boom. The square spritsail, which could not be trained fore and aft, and was of feeble effect in keeping the ship’s head from turning to windward, has been replaced by the jib. The spritsail yard (which continued in use till after 1850) has disappeared and has been replaced by the spritsail gaffs, two fixed spars which slope downwards and help to support the “jib-guys,” the lateral supports of the booms. For a time, and after the use of spritsails had been given up, the spritsail yard continued to be used to discharge the function now given to the gaffs (see Smyth, Sailor’s Word-Book, sub voce).
The changes in the mizzen have an obscure history. About the middle of the 18th century it ceased to be a pure lateen. The yard was retained, but no sail was set on the forearm. Then the yard was given up and replaced by a gaff and a boom. The new sail was called the spanker. It was, however, comparatively narrow, and when a greater spread of sail was required, a studdingsail (at first called a “driver “) was added. At a later date "spanker” and “driver” were used as synonymous terms, and the studding-sail was called a “ringtail.”
The studding-sails are the representatives of a class of sail once more generally used. In modern times a sail is cut of the extreme size which is capable of being carried in fine weather, and when the wind increases in strength it is reefed—i.e. part is gathered up and fastened by reef points, small cords attached to the sail. Till the 17th century at least the method was often to cut the courses small, so that they could be carried in rough weather. When a greater spread of sail was required, a piece called a bonnet was added to the foot of the sail, and a further piece called a drabbler could be added to that. It is an example of the tenacious conservatism of the sea that this practice is still retained by the Swedish small craft called "lodjor" in the Baltic and White Sea. It will be easily understood that no innovation was universally accepted at once. Jib and sprit topsail, lateen, mizzen and spanker, and so forth, would be found for long on the sea together.
The history of the development of rigging is one of adjustment. The size of the masts had to be adapted to the ship, and it was necessary to find the due proportion between yards and masts. As the size of the medieval ship increased, the natural course was to increase the height of the mast and of the sail it carried. Even when the mast was subdivided into lower, top and topgallant, the lower mast was too long, and the strain of the sail racked the hull. Hence the constant tendency of the ships to leak. Sir Henry Manwayring, when giving the proper proportions of the masts, says that the Flemings (i.e. the Dutch) made them taller (“taller” and “taunt“ were for long used to mean the same thing) than the English, which again forced them to make the sails less wide. A tall sail could not be cut so wide as a lower one without putting an excessive strain on the mast. He says that the Flemings found an advantage in working to windward, but that they ”wronged“ (i.e. racked) their ships. The English preferred a less lofty mast and a wider spread of sail.
It is very difficult to say what changes in the proportions of masts and yards took place in English ships between the early 17th and the 19th centuries. The difficulty arises not only from insufficient knowledge of the earlier period, but from the fact that a scale was fixed only after trials, and by degrees. Manwayring, for instance, when giving the proportion of the topmasts to lower masts, says: “The topmasts are ever half so long as the masts into which they belong; but there is no absolute proportion in these, and the like things, for if a man will have his mast short, he may the bolder make his topmast long.” In some respects the change was certainly slight. In the early 17th century, in England at least, the length of the mainmast was fixed by taking four-fifths of the breadth of the ship and multiplying by three. Two centuries later the method was to take the length of the lower deck and the extreme breadth, add them together, and divide by two. If we take a 74-gun ship of about the year 1820, which was 176 ft. long on the lower deck and 48 ft. 8 in. wide, she would have, by the system then used, a mainmast of 112 ft. Manwayring’s system would have given her one of 117 ft. But in the proportions of the masts to one another there was a change. In the 17th century the foremast was four-fifths of the main, and the bowsprit was of the same length as the foremast. In the 19th the foremast was eightninths of the mainmast, while the bowsprit was seven-elevenths of the mainmast in the largest ships, and three-fifths in the others.
When we come to the relative proportions of masts and yards the difficulty increases, for the standard was not the same. The seamen of the 17th century calculated the length of the mainyard not by the size of the mast but by the length of the keel. The mainyard, which was the standard for the others, ought according to “the best and most absolute” estimate to be five-sixths of the length of the keel. But Manwayring again explains that “the proportion is not absolute.” If it was followed, the yards of a 17th-century ship must have been rather longer than in a vessel of a hundred and fifty and two hundred years later, when the mainyard was eight-ninths of the mainmast, and,a regular scale was fixed throughout.
Even so Manwayring’s warning that “the proportion was not absolute” must be borne in mind. Changes were constant. The development of the famous American clippers made a considerable one. So has the growth of the vast four- and five-masted iron sailing ships of the 1880s. Individual captains have fitted ships according to ideas of their own. It has always happened that extra sails have been invented and set by ingenious devices for particular purposes. One large sail requires more men to handle it than several small ones. For this reason it is that in recent times the topsails of merchant ships have been divided into upper and lower, with a great loss of beauty, but an increase of convenience. To the same cause, the wish to economize in the size of the crew, is to be attributed the introduction of machinery for reeling sail from the deck, which is also an easier,and a safer process than going aloft to reef them by hand.
In a general way it may be said that the development of the rigging has been towards establishing a fair balance between the fore and after spread of canvas. Until the jib was invented in the 18th century, a ship which was sailing on the wind was subject to a disproportionate pressure aft. If she was at all given to “griping“ —that is to say, inclined to turn head to wind (and all ships are liable to have ways and manners which are mysterious in origin and not seldom incurable), the mizzen-sail could not be used, for if it had been she would never have been “out of the wind.” Therefore when close-hauled (sailing with the wind on the side and somewhat from before her centre) she lost the use of part of her sail. The spritsail which could not be trained fore and aft was no use “on the wind.”
A few words may be added concerning the tops. In the earlier form of ships the top was a species of crow’s nest placed at the head of the mast to hold a look-out, or in military operations to give a place of advantage to archers and slingers. They appear occasionally as mere bags attached to one side of the mast. As a general rule they are round. In the 16th century there were frequently two tops on the fore- and mainmasts, one at the head of the lower, another at the head of the topmast, where in later times there have only been the two traverse beams which make the crosstrees. The upper top dropped out by the 17th century. The form was round, and so coptinued to be till the 18th century when the quadrangular form was introduced. After 1870, the military tops of warships resumed the circular form.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rigging."
Synonyms: RiggingSynonyms: rig (n), tackle (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Clothing | Outfit, equipment, trousseau; uniform, regimentals; continentals; canonicals; livery, gear, harness, turn-out, accouterment, caparison, suit, rigging, trappings, traps, slops, togs, toggery; day wear, night wear, zoot suit; designer clothes; masquerade. |
Connection | Fastener, fastening, tie; ligament, ligature; strap; tackle, rigging; standing rigging, running rigging; traces, harness; yoke; band ribband, bandage; brace, roller, fillet; inkle; with, withe, withy; thong, braid; girder, tiebeam; girth, girdle, cestus, garter, halter, noose, lasso, surcingle, knot, running knot; cabestro, cinch, lariat, legadero, oxreim; suspenders. |
Instrument | Gear; tackle, tackling, rig, rigging, apparatus, appliances; plant, materiel; harness, trappings, fittings, accouterments; barde; equipment, equipmentage; appointments, furniture, upholstery; chattels; paraphernalia; (belongings). |
Substitution | Substitute, ersatz, makeshift, temporary expedient, replacement, succedaneum; shift, pis aller, stopgap, jury rigging, jury mast, locum tenens, warming pan, dummy, scapegoat; double; changeling; quid pro quo, alternative. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Theater & Movies | |
Music |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | ALBATROSS IV rigging and antennas superimpose geometric patterns on sunset. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Working in the lights and rigging of a commercial bait boat. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | "In the rigging" and "Taking an observation." In: "The South Pole", by Roald Amundsen, 1872-1928. P. 134, Volume I, Library Call Number M82.1/99 A529s. Credit: Treasures of the Library. |  | At sea under steam and sail, circa 1894-97, with laundry drying on her foremast rigging and many crewmen on deck. Credit: NAVY. |
 | Over San Diego harbor, California, 1934. Photographed from USS Dobbin (AD-3), through the rigging of two destroyers that were tied up alongside. Note lookout "crows' nests" on the destroyers' foremasts. This photograph is dated 9 February 1934, but was probably taken after March 1934, as one set of water recovery condensers has been removed from above Macon's engines. Credit: NAVY. |  | All night the Liberta quivered under the feet of Cammarillo's fighting men. They swarmed up the sides and spread themselves over the decks, the cabins, the saloon and the rigging. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Rigging loft. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Rigging the Volunteer at Lawley's. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Transformer manufacture. Checking the rigging of big power transformers is a skilled job and one that's extremely important to America's war effort these days. Transformers are essential to almost every phase of war Production. Westinghouse, Sharon, Penns. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Tending their "tatting." Men at an eastern Navy yard manufacture a boat grippe in the rigging loft of the big government plant now rushing parts and appliances of all kinds for our Navy. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Suddenly, a man was discovered clambering up the rigging with the agility of a wildcat. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Liberia | The elections were characterized by widespread fraud and rigging. (references) |
Nigeria | But the elections were marred by violence and allegations of widespread vote rigging and electoral malfeasance led to legal battles over the results. (references) | |
Bangladesh | Although international and domestic election observers found the June 1996 election free and fair, the BNP protested alleged vote rigging by the Awami League. (references) | |
Political Economy | Chad | On May 10, he was reelected; according to credible reports, fraud, widespread vote rigging, and local irregularities marred both the May presidential elections and the 1997 legislative elections in which members of the MPS won 65 of 125 seats in the National Assembly. (references) |
Bangladesh | Opposition MP's resigned en masse from Parliament in December 1994. The political impasse dragged on for nearly two years, and the opposition parties boycotted general elections held by the BNP in February 1996. The BNP government lost credibility with substantiated reports of vote rigging in the one-party election. (references) | |
Political Rights | Bangladesh | Elections often are marred by violence, intimidation of voters, and vote rigging. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Rigging" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 77.97% of the time. "Rigging" is used about 118 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 77.97% | 92 | 34,282 |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 22.03% | 26 | 68,323 |
| Total | 100.00% | 118 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "rigging": electoral rigging ♦ hay rigging ♦ market rigging ♦ price rigging ♦ rigging ladder ♦ rigging loft ♦ rigging screw ♦ rigging up ♦ running rigging ♦ standing rigging ♦ To overhaul running rigging ♦ To set up the rigging. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "rigging": ballot-rigging, poll-rigging, vote-rigging. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "rigging"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | pajisje (amenities, capital goods, device, equipage, equipment, facilities, fit out, fitment, fitting, fittings, fixing, fixings, gadget, mounting, provision, rig, supply, tackle), litarë (cordage, rig), direkë. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | ملابس (apparel, attire, clothes, clothing, costume, dress, garb, garment, gear, gown, outfit, raiment, rig, robe, suit, toggery, togs, wear), مضاربة (plunge, venture), حبال الاشرعة والصواري, تزوير (counterfeit, forgery, fraud, malpractice, piracy), تجهيزات (appointment, equipment, fitting, fixture, outfit, supply). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | облекло (apparel, array, attire, clothes, clothing, dress, dressing, fig, garb, garments, investment, livery, rig, tog, trim, turnout, vest, vesture, wear). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 索具. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | výstroj lodi, lanoví (cordage, gear). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | rigning, rigging, wirefoering, takkelage, sloer i bremsetoejet (slack in the brake), oprigning (rigging up), justering (adjuster, adjustment, adjustment device, end-butting, end-trimming, equalising, equalizing, fit, fitting, justification, meter proving, realignment, setting, trimming, verification), fastsurring, fastgørelse med barduner (bracing, guying, staying), ballonnet. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | ruimte in het remmechaniek (slack in the brake), want (as, because, for, since), verspanning, vastajorren, tuigage, tuig (harness, rabble, riff-raff), tuien (bracing, guying, shoring, staying), takelage, optuigen (harness, rig), monteren van de boorstelling (rigging up), kabeldraaien ten behoeve van slepen en laden van stammen, Einstellen, afstelling (adjustment). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | köysistö (tackle). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | gréement (rig). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Takelage (rig, tackle), Takelung (rig). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κάμψη του μηχανισμού του φρένου (slack in the brake), ρύθμιση μηχανικών συστημάτων ελέγχου, σύνολον εξαρτημάτων διά την μετατόπισιν διά συρματοσχοίνου, συρματολογία, συναρμολόγηση φορτίου γιά ρίψη, στερέωση (fastening, fixation, fixing), στήριξη (bracing, guying, jointing, propping, staying, stiffening, strutting, support), νοθεία (adulteration, bastardy, fraud, spuriousness), υποχώρηση του μηχανισμού του φρένου (slack in the brake), εξάρτιση, εξαρτισμός αεροστάτων, εξαρτισμός (equipment, outfit, rigging up), εξαρτία, ενδοτικότητα του μηχανισμού του φρένου (slack in the brake), ευθυγράμμιση αεροσκάφους. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | חבלול (roping), כבלים ושרשראות בא י". (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | kötélzet (knittle, knittle-stuff, nettle, rig, rope), vitorlázat (rig, suit of sails), árbocozat (rig). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | sartiame (stays), manovra (handle, maneuver, maneuvring, manoeuvre, manoeuvring, measures, shunting, working). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 艤装 (fitting-out of a ship, ship's outfit), 綱具 , 索具 (gear, tackle). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ぎそう (camouflage, ceremonial equipment, disguise, fitting-out of a ship, ship's outfit), さくぐ (gear, tackle), つなぐ (to connect, to fasten, to tie, to transfer). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | riggin (rig), cullee lhuingey. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | iggingray cordame (cordage, raggery, rope). (various references) montare (adjustment, assemblage, assembling, assembly, erection, framing, mounting, setting), manevre (field day), instalare (induction, installation, setting, settlement), haine (accoutrement, apparel, clothes, clothing, creature comforts, dress, fig, habiliment, raiment, suit, wear), echipare (accoutrement, equipage, equipping, fit out, fitting out). (various references) снаряжение (accouterment, accoutrement, duffel, equipment, fit out, fit-out, fixing, fixings, kit, munition, outfit, refit, rig), одежда (aparel, apparel, clobber, clothes, clothing, costume, dress, garment, garments, get up, maternity clothes, raggery, raiment, rig, the outward man, tog, toggery, togs, turn out, undercoat, vestment, wear). (various references) stadh (a stay, a stay in ship's rigging). (various references) takelaža, montaža (assemblage, assembly, editing, installation, montage), lažiranje. (various references) jarcia (heap, lot, pile, tackle), cordaje (cordage, tackle), aparejo (apparel, bond, Burton, gear, preparation, pulley block, purchase, rig, tackle). (various references) tackling (tackle). (various references) เสื้อผ้า (clobber, duds, fronts, garment, robes, threads). (various references) uçağın kanat ve kuyruk ayarı, hile (adulteration, artifice, arts, canard, catch, cheat, cheating, chicane, cobweb, collusion, craft, cross, deceit, deception, decoy, device, do, dodge, doubling, dupery, duplicity, fake, false pretences, false pretenses, finesse, flam, flimflam, fraud, gadget, gaff, gambit, gammon, gimmick, gouge, hanky panky, have, have on, hocus pocus, hokey-pokey, hoky-poky, humbug, imposture, jiggery pokery, maneuver, manipulation, manoeuvre, plant, ploy, practice, pretense, rig, rip off, ruse, sell, sham, sleight of hand, slyness, subterfuge, tortuosity, trick, trickery, wheeling and dealing, wile), donatma (adornment, equipping, supplying), donanım (accoutrement, accoutrements, appointments, equipage, equipment, furnishing, gear, hardware, implement, rig, tackle), dalavere (cheating, chicane, deception, do, fiddle, gammon, gerrymander, hankeypankey, hanky panky, intrigue, jobbing, maneuver, manoeuvre, ploy, rouser, sell, swindle, trick), arma (arming, armorial bearings, arms, crest, device, emblem, escutcheon, scutcheon, shield). (various references) спорядження (apparel, equipage, outfit, pack, webbing), такелаж (cordage, tackle), оснащення (outfit), монтаж (arrangement, assemblage, assembling, assembly, editing, montage, paste up, setting up). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | armamenta. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "rigging": riggings. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "rigging": frigging, prigging, rerigging, sprigging, thimblerigging, trigging, unrigging. (additional references) | |
| |
"Rigging" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: cragging, Fragging, frugging, kriging, reggiani, regnig, regoing, rhigian, riggen, Rigzin, Roggin, rugging. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "rigging" (pronounced ri"ging) |
| 4 | -i" g i ng | digging, gigging, reneging. |
| 3 | -g i ng | bagging, begging, binging, bogging, bootlegging, bragging, bugging, cataloging, cataloguing, chugging, clogging, debugging, demagoguing, dogging, dragging, drugging, fatiguing, flagging, flogging, hogging, hugging, intriguing, jitterbugging, jogging, lagging, leapfrogging, legging, logging, lugging, mugging, nagging, pegging, plaguing, plugging, sagging, sandbagging, shrugging, slogging, slugging, snagging, snugging, tagging, tugging, unflagging, wagging, zigzagging. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "g-g-g-i-i-n-r" | |
-2 letters: iring. | |
-3 letters: girn, grig, grin, ring. | |
-4 letters: gig, gin, rig, rin. | |
-5 letters: in. | |
| Words containing the letters "g-g-g-i-i-n-r" | |
+1 letter: frigging, prigging, riggings, trigging. | |
+2 letters: gingering, jiggering, renigging, rerigging, sprigging, unrigging, wriggling. | |
+3 letters: aggrieving, disgorging, earwigging, niggarding, sniggering, triggering. | |
+4 letters: gorgonizing, rejiggering, ruggedizing. | |
+5 letters: aggrandising, aggrandizing, arpeggiating, pilgrimaging. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)52 69 67 67 69 6E 67 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references).-. .. --. --. .. -. --. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010010 01101001 01100111 01100111 01101001 01101110 01100111 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)R i g g i n g |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0052 0069 0067 0067 0069 006E 0067 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)52757373758073 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Fiction 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Orthography 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions: woordeboek, fjalor, معجم, قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, è典 , è典 , 字引 , èæ , 字æ , ディーゼルéæè , èæ , è彙 , èæ , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chát sách vá, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary; definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼルéæè , デ'ドロéé , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sá đánh rõ, sá đánh nghĩa, lái đánh nghĩa sá đánh, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition; vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻è, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻è , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sá dách, sá bián th nh sá giái thích, trosiad, for translation; vertaal, transmetoj, transferoj, نقل من لغة إلى أخرى, ترجم الأفكار الي أعمال, ترجم, بهج لأقصى حد, преправям от старо, премествам, обяснявам, изяснявам, тълкувам, прибирам в рая, превеждам, кърпя, traduir, 翻è, 翻è , 翻 , 繙 , přenést, přeložit, překládat, oversætte, vertalen, translateren, overzetten, týða, kääntää, traduire, übersetzen, μεταφράζω, לתר'ם, fordít, þýða, tradurre, トランスフォー æ層 , トランスレート , 번역하십시", chyndaa, oversette, tradusí, tłumaczyć, traduzir, traduce, переводить, prevoditi, prevesti, preneti, traducir, översätta, tercüme yapmak, tercüme etmek, переміщувати, пояснювати, перекладатися, перекладати, trosi, for translate; 翻è, siirros, translation, übersetzend, μετάφραση, תר'ום, traslazione, 번역, tãlmãcire, traductorio, traduciendo, översättandet, översätter, for Translating; transferues, المترجم, الترجمان, преводач, èè, překladatel, kodeomsætter, omregner, isolertransformer, skilletransformer, omsætter, Oversætter, oversætterprogram, oversaetter, kääntäjä, Traducteur, Übersetzer, Mεταφραστής, μετασχηματιστής απομονώσεως, μεταβιβαστής, μεταφράστησ, μεταφραστής, αποκωδικοποιητής, מתר'ם, תור'מן, fordító, traduttore, èè , 翻èè , 翻è家 , トランスフォー æ層 , トランスレーター , トランスレータ , ほ"やくしゃ, ほ"やくか, やくしゃ, 통역, glareyder, chyndaader, tradutor, tãlmaci, translator, traducãtor, tãlmãcitor, переводчик, tumač, traductor, um-húmushi, översättare, tercüman, транслятор, гравірувальник, перекладач, cyfieithydd, for translator; Engels, anglezët, anglez, gjuhë zngleze, anglishte, anglisht, الإنجليزية, الأنكليزي, إنكليزي, ترجمة إنكليزية, اللغة الإنكليزية, английски език, английски, англичаните, anglès, Ingles, èè, è國 , èæ , è , èè , anglicky, anglan, inglise, enskt, englantia, englantilainen, anglais, Ingelsk, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, angle, angleze, א 'לית, angol, ensku, enskur, enska, Béarla, inglese, 영국, oluzungu, luzungu, englesch, anglisy, Inggris, Sostynagh, Sostnagh, Baarlagh, english, inglês, anglés, inglestataq, inglesta, englezesc, английский, Igilisi, beurla, engleski, englez, engleski jezik, angleško, ingiriisi, ingiriisiga, sekgowa, inglés, kiingereza, sí-Ngísi, engelsk, peret‘ne, เกี่ยวกับประเทศอังกฤษ, ชาวอังกฤษ, าษาอังกฤษ, sekgoa, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce, англійський, англійці, англійська мова, Saesneg, ngale, isilungu, isiNgisi, for English; Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, الألبانية, الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, é"巴尼亚è, é爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian; Arabies, arabishte, العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, éæ伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiáng A-ráp, thuác A-ráp, for Arabic; asturiano, for asturian; aimará, aimara, for aymara; Baskies, Bask, واحد من الباسكيين, الباسكي, Vascu, жакетче, баскски език, баскски, баска, Basko, 巴æ克 , 巴æ克è , baskiskur, baskiskt, Basque, Baskysk, baskisch, baske, baszk, Bascais, basco, バスに乗る , バスク , Bascish, Bascagh, basc, баскский, баск, baskijski jezik, baskijski, baskijac, vascuence, vasco, bask'lar veya bask dili ile ilgili, bask kabilesinden kimse, футерування, баскський, облицювання, блузка у талію, for Basque; Beier, 巴æ力亚, bavarois, bayer, βαυάροσ, bajorországi, bajor, bavarese, Baveyragh, bávaro, bavarski, bavarac, bajersk, bavyera, bavyeralı, баварський, баварець, for Bavarian; μαυροπόδαροσ, for blackfoot; breizhat, 不列"尼人, Breton, Bretone, 브리타니 사람, Britaanagh, Bretonagh, Britaanish, bretão, Llydaweg, for Breton; Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, البلغارية, بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, ngÆái Bun-ga-ri tiáng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian; каталонски, каталонец, catal , katalánský, Katalaansk, katalanisch, katalane, katalanin, katalán, catalano, catalão, catalan, каталонский, Katalana, katalonski, katalonac, catalán, katalansk, katalonyalı kimse, katalonyalı, katalonya veya dili ile ilgili, katalonya lehçesi, for catalan; Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, æè, 中 , æ , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフスè , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese; ضارب للإصفرار, корнуолски език, корнуолски, 康æ", cornwallština, cornwallský, cornique, kornisch, aus cornwall, carnwalli nyelvjárás, corwaldi kelta, della cornovaglia, Kernowish, Kernowagh, Cornish, Cornagh, relativo cornualha, dialeto da cornualha, limbã din cornwall, din cornwall, корнуоллский язык, корнуоллский, stanovnik kornvala, kornvalski, córnico, från cornwall, kornisk, cornwall ile ilgili, корнуольський, корнійська мова, Cernyweg, for cornish; Kroaties, хърватски, Croasyano, 克羅地亞è , chorvatský, kroatiskt, croate, Kroätysk, kroatisch, horvát, croato, croácio, croata, croat, хорватский, hrvatski, hrvat, de croacia, kroatisk, hırvat, хорватська мова, хорватський, хорватка, хорват, for Croatian; Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, æ克è , æ克è, æ克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, ngÆái Séc tiáng Séc, for Czech; Deens, danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹éè, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiáng Đan-mách, for Danish; Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, èèè , è兰è, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngá khó hiáu, "b xã", for Dutch; الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界è, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiáng etperantô, for esperanto; Ests, Est, estonez, من أبناء إستونيا, أستونيه, أستونى, Estoniu, естонски, естонец, естонски език, Estonyano, 爱æ尼亚, estonský, ester,estlænder, Estlander, Estlands, eesti, estonianskt, virolainen, estonien, Estysk, Este, Εσθονός, észt, estone, Estoinagh, estônio, estoniano, estónio, eston, эстонец, эстонский, Esotonia, estonski, estonac, estonski jezik, estonio, estländare, ชาวเอสโตเนีย, เกี่ยวกับประชาชน าษาหรือวั'นธรรมของเอสโตเนีย, าษาเอสโตเนีย, for Estonian; è罗æ, føroyskur, färöisk, färöbo, for Faeroese; Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi; Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, èèè , è兰è, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiáng Phán-lan, for Finnish; فلمنكي, الفلمنكية لغة, الأرنب الفلمنكي, фламандски, фламандски език, 佛èè'è , 佛兰è'è, vlámský, vlaams, Flaamsk, flandrisch, flämisch, פלמי, flamand, flamand nyelv, fiammingo, "랑"르, Flandrynish, Flandrynagh, flamengo, фламандский, flamanski jezik, flamanski, flamenco, flamländsk, flaman diline ait, flaman dili, flaman, фламандська мова, фламандський, Fflemeg, for flemish; Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, فرنسي, اللغة الفرنسية, الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, æ國 , ææ , æè , æè, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏æ , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French; Fries, фризийски, фризиец, Frison, Frysk, Friese, fríz, frisone, Freeshlannish, Freeshlannagh, frisão, frizian, фризский, фриз, frizijac, frizijski, frisio, fris, frizye'li kimse, frizye'li, frizye dili, frizye ile ilgili, фризький, фризька мова, for Frisian; Galicies, Gallegu, Galasyano, 利è亚人, Gallicisch, galisiskt, galicien, Galisysk, galego, galega, galicisch, galizisch, galizier, galicier, galiziano, galéc, Kalisia, gallego, galicia'ya ait, galicia'lı kimse, галісі"ць, галичанин, for Galician; Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, المانية, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德è , 德è, 德æ , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシーéæ , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chá em ruát, $cousin german$ anh chá em con chú bác ruát, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German; Grieks, Griek, الإغريقي, يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希èè , 希èè, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシアè , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, ká cáp b gi gáp nhau, quân bác báp tôi không thá hiáu đÆác điáu đó thát l ká phùng đách thá, ngÆái Hy-láp tiáng Hy-láp ká báp bám, ká láa đáo, Groegwr, for Greek; guarani, for guarani; Criollu haitianu, Chabacano, haitiskt, crioulo haitiano, for Haitian Creole; Hawaïes, Hawaianu, Hawayano, 夏威夷, Hawaiaans, hawaiien, hawaiisch, hawaiinerin, hawaiiner, hawaiano, virar esquerda, hawaiisk, hawaiian, คนฮาวาย, าษาฮาวาย, hawaii'ye ait, hawaii'li, hawaii, гавайський, гава"ць, гавайська мова, for Hawaiian; Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, يهودي, عبري, اليهودية, اللغة العبرية, العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, è伯æ, 希伯來è , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライè , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, ngÆái Hê-brÆ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew; Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, الهنغاري, مجري, هنغاري, المجري, اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利è , 匈牙利è, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, ngÆái Hung-ga-ri tiáng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian; Yslands, islandez, إيسلندي, исландски, 冰岛, islandský, islandsk, Ýslands, islandais, isländisch, ισλανδικόσ, izlandi nyelv, izlandi, íslensku, íslenskar, íslenskur, íslenskan, islandese, Eeslynnish, Eeslynnagh, islandês, islândes, исландский, islandski, islandés, isländsk, izlanda'ya ait, izlandaca, izlanda, ісландська мова, ісландський, tiáng băng đáo, for Icelandic; Indonesies, indonezian, الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, اللغة الأندونيسية, Indonesiu, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼è亚è, 印度尼è亞è , indonéský, indonéština, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesiskt, indonesialainen, indonésien, Yndonesysk, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシアè , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, Indtasisian, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, indones, Indonesyo, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійський, індонезійська мова, індонезійка, ngÆái In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiáng In-ddô-nê-xi-a, for Indonesian; Iers, irlandez, الأيرلنديون, إيرلندي, اللغة الأيرلندية, ирландска стока, сприхавост, келтски език, ирландски език, ирландски, ирландец, Irlandano, 爱"兰, irský, irština, írskt, irlantilainen, irlandais, Iersk, irisch, ιρλανδόσ, ιρλανδικόσ, אירי, אירל "י, ír, gaelach, irlandese, Yernagh, Erinagh, Airihi, irlandês, irisação, irlandezi, ирландский, irski jezik, irski, irci, irlandés, irländsk, ชาวไอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับชนชาติ าษาและวั'นธรรมไอร์แลน"์, าษาไอร์แลน"์, irlandalı, irlandaca, ірландський, ірландська мова, ірландський народ, Gwyddelig, for Irish; Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, شخص إيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, الإيطالي, إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, æ大利 , æ大利è , æ大利è, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian; korean, كوري شمالي, اللغة الكورية, كوري جنوبي, كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, é国è, é"國 , æéè , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, ngÆái Triáu tiên tiáng Triáu tiên, for korean; lombard, банкер, ломбардец, лихвар, банкерски, italský teolog, lombardisch, lombarde, lombardin, lombardiai, lombardo, ростовщик, ломбардский, лангобард, банкир, lombardski, lombarđanin, langobardisk, langobard, for lombard; oluganda, for Luganda; lëtzebuergesch, for Luxembourgish; Македонски, Македонец, é其éè, Makedonský, Macedonisch, macédonien, Mazedonisch, Mazedonier, όακεδόνασ, όακεδονικόσ, maqedon, Macedóniai, macedón, Macedone, 마케도니아, Masseydoanagh, macedónio, Macedonean, Македонский, makedonski, makedonski jezik, makedonac, Macedónico, Macedonisk, Macedonier, ชาวมาเซอะโ"เนีย, Makedonya, Makedonya'lı, Македонський, Македонець, for Macedonian; madagaskar, малгашки език, мадагаскарец, мадагаскарски, patřící republice malagasy, madagasker, Malagassische, Malagassiër, madagaskarilainen, Madagassin, Madagasse, Μαλγάσιος, madagaszkári, malgascio, malagasy, malgaxe, málaga, малагасийский, малагасиец, malagasi, madagaskarski, madagaskarac, malgache, madagascarí, madagask, ชาว Madagascar, madagaskar'lı, madagaskar dili, малагасійський, мадагаскарський, мальгашка, мальгаш, малагасійська мова, for malagasy; Slams, Maleis, malajas, малайски, малайски език, é來 , malais, malaiisch, malaie, Malaye, malaiin, maláj, malese, Yn Valay, malaio, malaxar, malaiez, малайский, малаец, malajski jezik, malajski, malajac, malayo, malajisk, malayalı, malaya, malaya dili, мала"ць, малайська мова, малайський, малайка, ngÆái Mã lai tiáng Mã lai, for Malay; gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manský, manština, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, Manninish, Manninagh, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man dili, man adası, менський діалект, менський, for manx; Maori, æ利人, Maori-taal, maori bennszülött, citrusfélék betegsége, új-zélandi bennszülött, マオリæ , マオリぞく, Маори, язык Маори, maor, Maorí, ชาวเมารี เป็นชนพื้นเมืองของนิวซีแลน"์, Yeni Zelanda Yerlisi, Yeni Zelanda Yerli Dili, Мова Маорі, Маорі, for Maori; маи, привидност, илюзия, mayasprache, マネーフロー分æ , マヤ , maia, เผ่าอินเ"ียนแ"ง, สิ่งลวงตา, maya, maya dili, мова майя, майя, for maya; mohok, фигура при пързаляне с кънки, индианец мохаук, hasonélű táncfordulat, egy indián törzs neve, モノカルボンé , モホーク , maometano, индеец-могавк, mohikanac, ชนชาวเผ่าอินเ"ียนแ"งเผ่าหนึ่ง, าษาอินเ"ียนแ"ง, for mohawk; Noorweegs, Noor, Noors, نرويجى, النرويجية, النرويجى, اللغة النروجية, Noruegu, норвежки, норвежка, норвежки език, Norwedyan, æ威è, norský, nordmand, norskur, norskt, norjalainen, Norvégien, Noarsk, Noar, Noarweechsk, Norweger, Νορβηγός, νορβηγόσ, νορβηγικόσ, norvegjez, norvég, Norðmaður, norvegese, 노르웨이, Norlannish, Loghlynish, Loghlynagh, Norlannagh, norsk, noruechi, Norweg, norueguês, norvegian, norvegianã, норвежец, норвежский, norveški jezik, norvežanin, norveški, noruego, norrman, Norveçce, norveççe, norveç, norveçli, Norveçlí, норвезька мова, норвезький, норвежці, норвежець, ngÆái Na-uy tiáng Na-uy, Norwyeg, for Norwegian; anglishtja e bastarduar, إنجليزي مبسط, англо-китайски жаргон, sabir, σπασμένα αγγλικά, keleti kikötők tört angolsága, pidgin english, "サのæ" , "ジンイングリッシュ , trivial, пиджин-инглиш, kreolska verzija engleskog jezika, inglés macarrónico, pidginengelska, uzakdoğuda konuşulan ingilizce ile karışık dil, for pidgin english; Pools, polonisht, polak, përmirësoj, صقل, هذب, حك, بولندي, جلو, جلا, جود, أنهاه بسرعة, رقة, حسن, نظف بشدة, لمع الجلد, لمع, ورنشة, مادة ملمعة, تهذيب, مسح, اللغة البولندية, دهان الأحذية, Polacu, лъскавина, лъскам се, лъскам, лакирам, лак, изисканост, полиране, полирам, политура, подобрявам, изтънченост, изглаждам, излъскване, полски, гланц, елегантност, лустро, шлифовам, полски език, шлифовка, поправям, излъскам, блясък, Polandino, 磨光 , 琢磨 , æèè , æ"亮剂, 劖 , polština, polský, pudsemiddel til fodtoej, polermiddel, politur, polere, schoensmeer, pussa, pólska, pólskur, kiillottaa, polir, Poalsk, polieren, στίλβωση, στιλβώνω, λουστράρω, פול י, פול ית, לצחצח, ל"בריק, לשפשף, לשוף, צחצוח, למרוק, לטוש, ל"ב"יק, לתמרט, ללטש, למרק, למרוט, lengyel, lucentezza, 光æ , すい"う, ポーランド", とぎ, たくま, せ"れ", "うたく, みがき, 광택, cur sollyssid er, gloasey, Polynnish, scooirey, follid, gloas, gloasaghey, sollyssid, polako, pòlshi, pòlesh, polski, polonés, polonez, polon, полировать, полировка, польский, польский язык, лоск, обделать, глянец, отделка, вычистить, snasaich, lìomh, pasta za cipele, polirati, politirati, politura, poljski, poljski jezik, polaco, limpiar, polera, polsk, parlaklık, perdah, polonya dili, perdahlamak, parlatma, parlatmak, polonyalı, Polonyali, polonya, політура, поліровка, полірування, полірувати, польський, польська мова, обтісувати, робити вишуканим, лиск, шліфувати, тонкість, vá thanh nhã, nÆác láng nÆác đánh bóng, nÆác bóng, vá tao nhã, llathru, caboli, gloywi, for Polish; Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, اللغة البرتغالية, البرتغالية, البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, èè牙è, èè牙人 , èè牙è , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガルè , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, ngÆái Bá"-đ o-nha tiáng Bá"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese; provansal, провансалски, провансалец, provence-i, provenzale, provençal, прованский, provansalski jezik, provansalski, provenzal, provensalsk, провансалець, прованський, провансальська мова, провансальський, for provencal; qheshwata, qheshwallata, limba quechua, indian din tribul quechua incaş, quechua, for Quechua; Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗é尼亚è, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian; cigan, الغجري, цигански език, цигански, циганин, romština, bohémien, γύφτοσ, αθίγγανοσ, τσιγγάνοσ, roma, zingaro, zingaresco, lingua degli zingari, Romanee, Romanish, rom, цыганский, цыган, romski, romano, romani, ชาวยิปซี, çingeneler, çingenece, çingene, циганська мова, циганка, циган, циганський, for romany; Russies, Rus, الروسية, روسي, اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄è , 俄è, 俄æ , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシアè , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, ngÆái Nga tiáng Nga, for Russian; самоански, самоанец, самоански език, samoanisch, samoaner, ngÆái Xa-mô-a tiáng Xa-mô-a, for samoan; Skots, skocez, шотландски, èæ 兰, skotský, Schots, skotskur, skotlantilainen, écossais, schottisch, σκωτσέζικο, σκωτικόσ, skót, skozur, scozzese, 스"틀랜", Albinagh, escocês, scoţian, шотландский, škotski jezik, škotski, škotlanđani, escocés, skotsk, iskoçyalı, шотланський, шотландці, шотландський діалект, for Scottish; 塞爾維亞克羅地亞è , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚è, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian; сицилиански, сицилианец, èèé人, sicilský, Siciliaans, sicilien, Sizilianer, σικελόσ, σικελικόσ, szicíliai, 시 리아, Shisslagh, siciliano, sicilian, сицилийский, житель сицилии, sicilijski, sicilijanski, sicilijanac, siciliansk, sicilianare, sicilyalı, sicilya, сицилійський діалект, сицилійський, сицилі"ць, for sicilian; Sloween, Slloven, Словенец, æææ尼亚è, Slovinský, Slovinec, Slovinština, slovener, Sloveen, slovenialainen, Slovène, Slowenin, Slowene, Σλοβένος, Szlovén, Sloveno, 슬로 니아 사람, Sloveanagh, Esloveno, Slovenesc, Sloven, slovenački, slovenske, slovensko, Slovence, Словенець, Словенський, for Slovene; сомалийски, сомалиец, езикът сомали, Somalisch, Somaliër, somalialainen, Somalien, Somalier, Σομαλός, somalo, 소말리, somaliano, somali, soomaali, somalí, сомалійський, мова сомалі, сомалі"ць, for somali; Sotho-taal, Sotho, sutu, sí-Sûtfu, umSuthu, isiSuthu, for Sotho; Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, è班牙è, è班牙æ , è班牙è , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペインè , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish; æ"希èè , æ"希è , Swahili-, Swahili, szuahéli nyelv, szuahéli, スワ'リè , スワ'リ", suaíli, soahili, Siuahili, suajili, kiswahili, ชาวแอฟริกาตะวันออก, суахілі, for Swahili; swazilænder, swazimaalainen, Swasi, swazi, suazilandês, suazilandés, suazi, sí-Swati, swaziländare, isiSwati, for Swazi; Sweeds, suedez, اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典è , 瑞典è, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデンè , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, ngÆái Thuá đián tiáng Thuá đián, for Swedish; Tagalu, tagalòg, Filipaina, tagalog, สมาชิกของชาวมลายูในเกาะลูซอนของฟิลิปปินส์, าษาอินโ"นีเซียที่ใช้กันในฟิลิปปินส์, for Tagalog; Tahitiaans, Tahitiaan, tahitisch, tahitianer, tahitiano, tahitili, tahiti dili, tahiti, for Tahitian; Tailandes, æ國 , ææ , æ国, æ , thailænder, Thailander, Thai, Thais, thailendskt, thaimaalainen, Thaïlandais, thailändisch, Thailänder, Ταϊλανδός· Ταϊλανδέζος, tailandese, æè , たい", 타이 말, tailandês, tailandés, thailändare, ที่เกี่ยวกับประเทศไทย, าษาไทย, เกี่ยวกับคนไทย, คนไทย, Taylandlı, Tayland Dili, Tayland, Tai Dili, Та"ць, Тайська Мова, Тайський, for Thai; Tswana, Tswana-taal, sí-Tjwána, setswana, umTswana, for Tswana; Turks, turk, تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土è其, 土è其è , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiáng Thá nhĩ ká, for Turkish; Тюркменски Език, turkmener, Turkmeen, Turkmeense, turkmenistanilainen, Turkmène, Turkmene, Turkmenin, Τουρκομάνος, turkmeno, turcomano, turquemeno, turquemene, turkmenistanier, for Turkmen; 乌克兰, for Ukranian; Vietnamees, vietnamez, vietnamisht, виетнамски език, виетнамски, Vietnamis, è南è , è南 , è南è, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamec, vietnamština, vietnameser, vjetmanskt, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, Fjetnameesk, vietnamese, vietnamesisch, Vietnamesin, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnam, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, ngÆái Viát nam tiáng Viát, for Vietnamese; Wallies, i uellsit, gjuha e uellsit, shkel premtimin, populli i uellsit, ik pa paguar, ويلزي, الولزية لغة إقليم ويلز, تهرب من دفع الرهان, не си плащам дълга, измъквам се от задължение, уелски език, уелски, 威"士, 威爾士è , waleština, waleský, Wels, valisiskt, gallois, walisisch, δεν πληρώνω τα οφειλόμενα, ουάλλοσ, ουαλλικόσ, walesi, Breatnais, gallese, Bretnagh, galês, gallés, limba velşã, din ţara galilor, velş, уэльский, velški jezik, podvaliti, velški, velšanin, galés, walesisk, galler ile ilgili, sözünü tutmamak, gal dili, bahisleri ödemeden kaçmak, şartları yerine getirmemek, ödemeden kaçmak, у"льський, валлійська мова, валлійці, валлійський, не віддати гроші, Cymreig, for Welsh; jalofo, wolof, for wolof; Xhosa, Xhosa-, sí-Choza, isiXhosa, umXhosa, for Xhosa; Zoeloe, Zuluano, Zoeloetaal, sulumál, Zoulou, ζουλού, zulu, zulù, Soolooish, Sooloo, zulo, zolo, зулусский, Sulu, zulu jezik, zulú, sí-Zulu, zulu-, เผ่าซูลูในแอฟริกา, zulu dili, zulu kabilesinden kimse, zulu kabilesi, зулуський, зулус, зулуська мова, umZulu, isiZulu, for Zulu; |
