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Definition: Retreat |
RetreatNoun1. (military) withdrawal to a more favorable position. 2. A place of privacy; a place affording peace and quiet. 3. (military) a signal to begin a withdrawal from a dangerous position. 4. (military) a bugle call signaling the lowering of the flag at sunset. 5. A area where you can be alone. 6. Withdrawal for prayer and study and meditation; "a religious retreat". Verb1. Pull back or move away or backward; "The enemy withdrew"; "The limo pulled away from the curb". 2. Move away, as for privacy; "The Pope retreats to Castelgondolfo every summer". 3. Move back; "The glacier retrogrades". 4. Make a retreat from an earlier commitment or activity; "We'll have to crawfish out from meeting with him"; "He backed out of his earlier promise"; "The aggressive investment company pulled in its horns". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "retreat" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Mining | To work rooms or pillars to finish coal or ore extraction in an area that has been penetrated to its limits by advance work; workings are generally in the opposite direction of advance work and allow the area to beabandoned as finished. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Long-distance land bird migration
Many species of land birds migrate very long distances, the most common pattern being for birds to breed in the temperate or arctic northern hemisphere and winter in warmer regions, often in the tropics or the southern hemisphere.
There is a strong genetic component to migration in terms of timing and route, but this may be modified by environmental influences. An interesting example where a change of migration route has occurred because of such a geographical barrier is the trend for some Blackcaps in central Europe to migrate west and winter in Great Britain rather than cross the Alps.
The advantage of the migration strategy is that, in the long days of the northern summer, breeding birds have more hours to feed their young on often abundant food supplies, particularly insects. As the days shorten in autumn and food supplies become scarce, the birds can return to warmer regions where the length of the day varies less and there is an all year round food supply.
The downside of migration is the hazards of the journey, especially when difficult habitats such as deserts and oceans must be crossed, and weather conditions may be adverse.
The risks of predation are also high. The Eleanora's Falcon which breeds on Mediterranean islands has a very late breeding season, timed so that autumn passerine migrants can be hunted to feed its young.
Whether a particular species migrates depends on a number of factors. The climate of the breeding area is important, and few species can cope with the harse winters of inland Canada or northern Eurasia. Thus the Blackbird Turdus merula is migratory in Scandinavia, but not in the milder climate of southern Europe.
The nature of the staple food is also important. Most specialists insect eaters are long-distance migrants, and have little choice but to head south in winter.
Sometimes the factors are finely balanced. The Whinchat Saxicola rubetra of Europe is a long-distance migrant wintering in the tropics, whereas its close relative, the Stonechat Saxicola torquata is resident in most of its range, and moves only short distances from the colder north and east.
Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as watchpoints for migrating birds. Examples are the Point Pelee National Park in Canada, and Spurn in England. Drift migration of birds blown off course by the wind can result in "falls" of large numbers of migrants at coastal sites.
Another cause of birds occurring outside their normal ranges is the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended.
A mechanism which can lead to great rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range is reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly.
Recent research suggests that long-distance passerine migrants are of South American and African, rather than northern hemisphere, evolutionary origins. They are effectively southern species coming north to breed rather than northern species going south to winter.
Broad-winged long distance migrants
Some large broad-winged birds rely on thermal columns of rising hot air to enable them to soar. These include many birds of prey such as vultures, eagles and buzzards, but also storks.
Migratory species in these groups have great difficulty crossing large bodies of water, since thermals can only form over land, and these birds cannot maintain active flight for long distances.
The Mediterranean therefore presents a major obstacle to soaring birds, which are forced to cross at the narrowest points. This means that massive numbers of large raptors and storks pass through areas such as Gibraltar, Falsterbo and the Bosphorus at migration times. Commoner species, such as the Honey Buzzard can be counted in hundreds of thousands in autumn.
Other barriers, such as mountain ranges, can also cause funnelling, particularly of the large diurnal migrants.
Short-distance land bird migration
The long distance migrants in the previous section are effectively genetically programmed to respond to changing lengths of days. However many species move shorter distances, but may do so only in response to harsh weather conditions.
Thus mountain and moorland breeders, like the Wallcreeper and White-throated Dipper may move only altitudinally to escape the cold higher ground. Other species like the Merlin and Skylark will move further to the coast or to a more southerly region.
Species like the Chaffinch are not migratory in Great Britain, but will move south or to Ireland in very cold weather. Interesting, in Scandinavia, the female of this species migrates, but not the male, giving rise to the specific name coelebs, a batchelor.
Short distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those which have long distance migrants in the same family, like the Chiffchaff, are species of southern hemisphere origins which have progressively shortened their return migration so that they stay in the northern hemisphere.
Those species which have no long distance migratory relative, like the waxwings, are effectively moving in response to winter weather, rather than enhanced breeding opportunities.
Wildfowl and wader migration
The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds such as swallows and birds of prey making long flights to the tropics. Many northern breeding ducks geese and swans are also long-distance migrants, but need only to move from their arctic breeding grounds far enough south to escape frozen waters.
This means that most wildfowl remain in the Northern hemisphere, but in milder countries. For example, the Pink-footed Goose migrates from Iceland to Great Britain and neighbouring countries. Usually wintering grounds are traditional and learned by the young when they migrate with their parents.
Some ducks, such as the Garganey, do move completely or partially into the tropics.
A similar situation occurs with waders (called "shorebirds" in North America). Many species, such as Dunlin and Western Sandpiper undertake long movements from their arctic breeding grounds to warmer locations in the same hemisphere, but others like Semipalmated Sandpiper travel huge distances to the tropics.
Most of the wildfowl are large and powerful, and even the waders are strong fliers. This means that birds wintering in temperate regions have the capacity to make further shorter movements in the event of particularly inclement weather.
Seabird migration
Much of what has been said in the previous section applies to many seabirds. Some, like the Black Guillemot and some gulls are quite sedentary, others, such as most of the terns and auks breeding in the temperate northen hemisphere move south varying distances in winter. The Arctic Tern sees more daylight than any other bird, moving from its arctic breeding grounds to the antarctic wintering areas. Seabirds, of course, have the advantage that they can feed on migration.
The most pelagic species, mainly in the order Procellariiformes, are great wanderers, and the albatrosses of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the "roaring forties" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses in general spread thinly over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available.
Pelagic birding trips attract petrels and other procellarids by tipping "chum", a mixture of fish oil and offal, into the sea. Within minutes, a previously apparently empty ocean is full of petrels, fulmars and shearwaters attracted by the food.
A few seabirds, like Wilson's Petrel, and Great Shearwater are amongst the few species that breed in the southern hemispehere and migrate north in the southern winter.
Migration in the tropics
In the tropics there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, and it is always warm enough for an adequate food supply. Apart from the seasonal movements of northern hemisphere wintering species, most species are in the broadest sense resident. However many species undergo movements of varying distances depending on the rainfall.
Many tropical regions have wet and dry seasons, the monsoons of India being perhaps the best known example. An example of a bird whose distribution is rain associated is the Woodland Kingfisher of west Africa.
There are a few species, notably cuckoos, which are genuine long-distance migrants within the tropics. An example is the Lesser Cuckoo, which breeds in India and winters in Africa.
In the high mountains, such as the Himalayas and the Andes, there are of course also altitudinal movements of greater or lesser extent by many species.
Migration in Australasia
Bird migration is primarily, but not entirely, a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon. In the Southern Hemisphere, seasonal migration tends to be much less marked. There are several reasons for this.
First, the largely uninterupted expanses of land mass or ocean tend not to funnel migrations into narrow and obvious pathways, making them less obvious to the human observer. Second, at least for terrestrial birds, climatic regions tend to fade into one another over a long distance rather than be entirely separate: this means that rather than make long trips over unsuitable habitat to reach particular destinations, migrant species can usually travel at a relaxed pace, feeding as they go: short of banding studies it is often not obvious that the birds seen in any particular locality as the seasons change are in fact different members of the same species passing through, gradually working their way north or south.
Relatively few Australasian birds migrate in the way that so many European and North American species do. This is largely a matter of geography: the Australasian climate has seasonal extremes no less compelling than those of Europe, however they are far less predictable and tend to take place over periods both shorter and longer. A couple of weeks of heavy rain in one part or another of the usually dry centre of Australia, for example, produces dramatic plant and invertebrate growth, attracting birds from all directions. This can happen at any time of year, summer or winter and, in any given area, may not happen again for a decade or more.
Broader climatic extremes are highly unpredictable also: expected seasonal heat or rain arrives or does not arrive, depending on the vaguaries of El Niño: it is commonplace to have stretches of five or ten years at a time when winter rains do not eventuate during the El Niño cycle, and equally common to have La Niña periods which turn arid zones into areas of lush grass and shallow lakes. Long distance migration requires a heavy investment in time and body mass—and given the random nature of El Niño, an investment with an uncertain return.
In broad, Australasian birds tend to be sedantry or nomadic, moving on whenever conditions become unfavourable, to whichever area happens to be more suitable at the time.
There are many exceptions, however. Some species make the long haul to breed in far distant northern climes every year, notably swifts, and a great many wading birds that breed in the Arctic Circle during the southern winter.
Many others arrive for the southern spring and summer to breed, then fly to tropical northern Australia, New Guinea, or the islands of South East Asia for the Southern winter. Examples include cuckoos, the Satin Flycatcher, the Dollarbird, and the Rainbow Bee-eater.
Others again are altitudinal migrants, moving to higher country during summer, returning to warmer areas in winter like several robins, or travel north and south with the seasons but within a relatively restricted range. The tiny 10 cm Silvereye is an example: most of the southernmost Tasmanian race crosses the 200 miles of Bass Strait after breeding to disperse into Victoria, South Australia, NSW and even southern Queensland, replacing the normal residents who fly still further north, following the band of fertile country along the coast, feeding through the day and travelling mostly at night. The northernmost populations, however, are nomadic rather than migratory, as are the Silvereyes of southern Western Australia, which is bounded by thousands of miles of desert to the north and east, and sea to the south and west.
See also
- Bird ringing
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Bird migration."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A retreat is generally a time of solitude and prayer conducted in a remote location, such as a monastery. This is popular with some forms of Christianity, especially Roman Catholicism and Anglican churches.
To retreat is to run away or back off from danger.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Retreat."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Retreat is a town located in Navarro County, Texas. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 339.Geography
Retreat is located at 32°3'4" North, 96°28'28" West (32.051204, -96.474394)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 12.9 km² (5.0 mi²). 12.8 km² (5.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.40% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 339 people, 124 households, and 108 families residing in the town. The population density is 26.4/km² (68.3/mi²). There are 127 housing units at an average density of 9.9/km² (25.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 91.45% White, 4.72% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 2.65% Pacific Islander, 1.18% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 3.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 124 households out of which 33.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.8% are married couples living together, 5.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 12.1% are non-families. 9.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.73 and the average family size is 2.90. In the town the population is spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 34.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 106.4 males. The median income for a household in the town is $49,688, and the median income for a family is $58,125. Males have a median income of $31,250 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the town is $21,308. 6.6% of the population and 1.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 10.3% are under the age of 18 and 7.1% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Retreat, Texas."
Synonyms: RetreatSynonyms: hideaway (n), retirement (n), back away (v), back out (v), crawfish (v), crawfish out (v), draw back (v), move back (v), pull away (v), pull back (v), pull in one's horns (v), recede (v), retire (v), retrograde (v), withdraw (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Abode | Nest, nidus, snuggery; arbor, bower; lair, den, cave, hole, hiding place, cell, sanctum sanctorum, aerie, eyrie, eyry, rookery, hive; covert, resort, retreat, perch, roost; nidification; kala jagah. |
Ambush | Ambush, ambuscade; stalking horse; lurking hole, lurking place; secret path, back stairs; retreat; (refuge). |
Avoidance | Avolation, flight; escape; retreat; recoil; departure; rejection. |
Escape | N.escape, scape; avolation, elopement, flight; evasion; (avoidance); retreat; narrow escape, hairbreadth escape; close call; come off, impunity. |
Recession | Verb: recede, go, move back, move from, retire; withdraw, shrink, back off; come away, move away, back away, go away, get away, drift away; depart; retreat; move off, stand off, sheer off; fall back, stand aside; run away; (avoid). |
Noun: recession, retirement, withdrawal; retreat; retrocession; departure; recoil; flight; (avoidance). | |
Refuge | Noun: refuge, sanctuary, retreat, fastness; acropolis; keep, last resort; ward; prison; asylum, ark, home,Noun: refuge, sanctuary, retreat, fastness; acropolis; keep, last resort; ward; prison; asylum, ark, home, refuge for the destitute; almshouse; hiding place; (ambush); sanctum sanctorum; (privacy). |
Regression | Verb: recede, regrade, return, revert, retreat, retire; retrograde, retrocede; back out; back down; balk; crawfish, crawl; withdraw; rebound; go back, come back, turn back, hark back, draw back, fall back, get back, put back, run back; lose ground; fall astern, drop astern; backwater, put about; backtrack, take the back track; veer round; double, wheel, countermarch; ebb, regurgitate; jib, shrink, shy. |
Noun: regress, regression; retrocession, retrogression, retrograduation, retroaction; reculade; retreat, withdrawal, retirement, remigration; recession; (motion from); recess; crab-like motion. | |
Reversion | Verb: revert, turn back, regress; relapse; recoil; retreat; restore; undo, unmake; turn the tide, roll back the tide, turn the scale, tip the scale. |
Turning point, turn of the tide; status quo ante bellum; calm before a storm. alternation; (periodicity); inversion; recoil; retreat, regression, retrogression; restoration; relapse, recidivism; atavism; vicinism; | |
Submission | Surrender, surrender at discretion; cede, capitulate, come to terms, retreat, beat a retreat; draw in one's horns; (humility); give way, give round, give in, give up; cave in; suffer judgment by default; bend, bend to one's yoke, bend before the storm; reel back; bend down, knuckle down, knuckle to, knuckle under; knock under. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I see by your hasty retreat that you're still twentieth in line (Shanghai Knights; writing credit: Alfred Gough; Miles Millar) But I think I'll go on the retreat anyway (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) Let's try it. Most animals retreat from fire, yes (Alien; writing credit: Dan O'Bannon; Ronald Shusett) They retreat into the mountains and, naturally, we follow them (We Were Soldiers; writing credit: Harold G. Moore; Joseph L. Galloway) Perhaps you should take a retreat. (Exorcist II: The Heretic; writing credit: William Goodhart) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Trick or Retreat (1971) Hell! Retreat (1952) The Gay Retreat (1927) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Theater & Movies | |
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | U. S. Army Base Hospital Number 3, Vauclaire, France. : Turning out for retreat. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | U.S. American National Red Cross Hospital No.4, Liverpool, England. : Personnel- Standing retreat. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Battle of Ridgeway, C.W. Victory of Gen'l O'Neil. "Masterly" retreat of the Queens own. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Hitler trapped at crossroads to retreat, Russia, France, and Czechoslavaki. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | In retreat. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Russian soldiers engaged in hunting down German stragglers in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, during the German retreat. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Fugitive king and queen and family in their retreat. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | The Rebel dodge to cover the retreat into Virginia. Flag of truce to look after the wounded. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Retreat of the Army of the Rappahannock (Gen. Pope) to Groveton, Manassas Junction. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | U.S. forces inflict heavy casualties on Japs in capture of Buna, New Guinea. Palm trees and branches lie strewn on the shell-churned soil of Buna Village, New Guinea, in the wake of the Japanese retreat before U.S. and Australian forces. The Japs were com. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Arthur Wellesley | To know when to retreat; and to dare to do it. |
Francois De La Rochefoucauld | If I advance, follow me! If I retreat, kill me! If I die, avenge me! |
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe | Who is sure of their own motives can in confidence advance or retreat. |
John Gay | No retreat. No retreat. They must conquer or die who've no retreat. |
Mao Tse-tung | The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue. |
Napoleon Bonaparte | In politics... never retreat, never retract... never admit a mistake. |
William Lloyd Garrison | I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse --I will not retreat a single inch --and I will be heard! |
William Shakespeare | Let us make an honorable retreat; though not with bag and baggage, yet with scrip and scrippage. |
William Wycherley | A mistress should be like a little country retreat near the town, not to dwell in constantly, but only for a night and away. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Beginning retreat! cried Napoleon |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The retreat will go on from Wednesday to Friday |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | Retreat and flourish |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Neither manifested the least disposition to retreat. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Retreat in 7-10 days if lice are still found. (references) | |
The seashore, for example, may be an effective retreat for many with pollen allergies. (references) | ||
As mentioned above, XXY boys may withdraw from material they find difficult and retreat into day dreaming. (references) | ||
Business | Ford is not planning a widespread retreat from general production in the U.K. changes at Dagenham are part of a wider restructuring of its operations throughout Europe, which have included the end of car and van production in Belarus, closure of its Plonsk plant in Poland, and output cuts in Portugal and Germany. (references) | |
Economic History | Cote D'ivoire | Recent decisions, however, have demonstrated a retreat from harsh judgments against the employer. (references) |
El Salvador | The first Spanish attempt to subjugate this area failed in 1524, when Pipil warriors forced Pedro de Alvarado to retreat. (references) | |
Eritrea | That same year, however, a massive airlift of Soviet arms to Ethiopia enabled the Ethiopian Army to regain the initiative and forced the EPLF to retreat to the bush. (references) | |
Political Economy | PANAMA | These conditions, a protectionist retreat in some areas of trade, the loss of momentum in privatization, along with several unresolved Government of Panama investment disputes and concerns with major foreign investors, have created a feeling of uncertainty about Panama's business prospects and have slowed new investment. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | RECRUIT, n. A person distinguishable from a civilian by his uniform and from a soldier by his gait. Fresh from the farm or factory or street, His marching, in pursuit or in retreat, Were an impressive martial spectacle Except for two impediments -- his feet. Thompson Johnson |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Mitch Daniels | I don't think there's much pressure there. I've just been with the House and Senate Republicans at their retreat. I think there's a lot of sentiment for moving forward. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | The expedition, nevertheless, terminated unfortunately, not only in a retreat to the town and fort of Detroit, but in the surrender of both and of the gallant corps commanded by that officer. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | Abroad, the shift from old policies to new has not been a retreat from our responsibilities, but a better way to peace. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | But as the Cold War fades into memory, voices of isolation say America should retreat from its responsibilities. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Retreat" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 73.83% of the time. "Retreat" is used about 1,134 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 73.83% | 837 | 8,397 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 22.38% | 254 | 18,599 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 3.52% | 40 | 54,274 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.26% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,134 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
1. Retreat, TX (town, FIPS 61616) |
Expressions using "retreat": Anna's Retreat ♦ attack and retreat ♦ beat a hasty retreat ♦ beat a retreat ♦ fissure of retreat ♦ general retreat ♦ go into retreat ♦ knickpoint retreat ♦ make a retreat ♦ of retreat ♦ retreat within oneself ♦ Rural Retreat ♦ sound retreat ♦ velocity of retreat ♦ vertical crater retreat. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
spiritual retreat | 791 | catholic retreat | 53 |
retreat | 771 | weight loss retreat | 50 |
retreat center | 385 | management retreat | 48 |
yoga retreat | 231 | leadership retreat | 48 |
corporate retreat | 174 | religious retreat | 42 |
christian and retreat | 124 | spiritual retreat center | 41 |
executive retreat | 114 | christian retreat center | 40 |
spa retreat | 101 | scrapbook retreat | 39 |
longs retreat | 96 | church retreat | 38 |
mountain retreat | 89 | woman retreat | 35 |
hindu retreat | 81 | church group lake retreat south tahoe | 33 |
meditation retreat | 77 | group retreat | 33 |
platos retreat | 72 | private retreat | 31 |
marriage retreat | 69 | buddhist retreat | 31 |
urban retreat | 64 | rural retreat | 31 |
womens retreat | 64 | scrapbooking retreat | 31 |
rural retreat virginia | 61 | california retreat | 30 |
couple retreat | 59 | retreat house | 29 |
health retreat | 56 | carb low org retreat | 29 |
vacation retreat | 54 | brattleboro retreat | 28 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "retreat"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | sterf (die, expire, march off, pass away, withdraw), die aftog blaas, aftrek (absent onself, demand, depart, discount, go away, leave, pick, pluck, rebate, sale, subtract, tear, tear off), aftog. (various references) | |
Albanian | zmbrapsje (check, climbdown, kick, recoil, repercussion, repulse, return, revulsion, wince), zbythem (blench, recoil, shrink, shy), veçori (characteristic, distinction, exclusiveness, feature, flair, peculiar feature, peculiarity, singularity, speciality, trait), tërheqje (affinity, allurement, appeal, appetence, appetency, attraction, attractiveness, crush, draw, drawing, enchantment, enticement, haul, jerk, lure, magnetization, pull, pullback, recall, recession, recoil, retirement, retraction, revocation, strain, stretch, tow, traction, tug, withdrawal), strehë (asylum, awning, cover, dwelling, hangout, Harbor, harbour, haven, home, hostel, house, housing, hovel, Lee, lodgement, lodgment, lurking place, mew, pad, peak, port, recourse, refuge, roof, sanctuary, sanctum, sconce, shade, shed, shelter), shenjë tërheqjeje, perëndim i diellit. (various references) | |
Arabic | سحب (call, dash, disengage, draft, drag, dragging, draught, draw, drawing, drawing out, hang fire, haul, heave, lug, pull, recall, recant, revoke, revulsion, run, strain, take back, take off, tow, traction, trail, train, tug, withdraw, withdrawal), رجع (assign, back, come back, cut back, get back, give back, go back, pass back, rebound, reconsider, reestablish, reinstate, render, report back, resound, return, reverse, revert, send back, snap back, step back, turn, turn back, turn in), رجوع (recession, recurrence, renaissance, resilient, returning), رياضة روحية, إعتزل (keep oneself to oneself, renounce, resign, retire), إنطوى على نفسه, إنسحب (draw back, drop, drop out, move back, pull back, pull out, push off, recede, retire, separate, shag off, slope, smooth away, stand down, step down, subtract, withdraw), دقة الانسحاب, المعتزل, ملجأ (asylum, burrow, cover, harbor, harbour, haven, hideaway, hideout, home, lair, poorhouse, recourse, refuge, resort, resource, sanctuary, sanctum, shelter), تراجع (back away, back down, back up, backwards, blemish, degradation, draw back, drawback, fall back, fall behind, give back, give ground, give the right of way, kick, lose ground, move back, palinode, recede, recess, recession, recoil, regress, regression, renege, retire, retract, retraction, retreating, retrogression, sell out, stand, take back, turn back, unsay, withdraw), تخلى (abandon, assign, cast aside, cede, desist, disgorge, expose, forsake, give up, go back on, hand over, leave, let down, part, quit, release, relinquish, renounce, repudiate, resign, shake, shrift, sign away, slough, swear off, throw over, turn one's back on, vacate, waive, walk out on, yield), تقهقر (back away, fall back, fall behind, give ground, go on before, hold down, lose ground, recede, recession, retire, retreating, retrograde, retrogression, withdraw), حرك إلى الوراء, ولى الأدبار (run away), مأوى (asylum, dwelling, habitation, haven, house, quarters, refuge, resort, resting place, sanctuary, shelter), ملاذ (anchor, anchorage, asylum, harbor, harbour, haven, hermitage, hideaway, recourse, refuge, resort, sanctuary, shelter), إنسحاب (cave, drop out, recession, retraction, retreating, secession, withdrawal). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | отстъпвам (accede to, backpedal, backslide, backtrack, comply, concede, defer, deliver, draw back, fall back, give, give back, give ground, give in, give up, give way to, knuckle under, part with, release, retire, retrocede, say uncle, stand aside, stand back, step back, submit, succumb, vail), бърлога (cubbyhole, delve, den, hole, house, lair, pandemonium, sanctum), заря (illumination, morning, reveille, rouse), общежитие (hospice), отбой (retire), оттеглям (back down, countermand, detach, haul off, pull away, retire, retract, withdraw), приют (asylum, home, hospice, rest, shelter), отстъпление (backtrack, departure, digression, excursion, withdrawal), усамотеност (apartness, loneliness, remoteness), отстъпване (assentation, back track, compliance, concession, remise, retrocession, submission, surrender, yielding), свърталище (hang out, hangout, haunt, nest), убежище (asylum, citadel, harborage, harbourage, haunt, haven, port, protection, refuge, sanctuary, sconce, sheet anchor, shelter), уединение (privacy, reclusion, sequestration, solitude), уединяване (grass, intimity, isolation, retirement), усамотено място (solitude), оттеглям се (adjourn, back, back away, disengage, draw back, draw off, draw out, fall back, fall off, give back, give way to, pull back, recede, repair, retire, retrocede, retrograde, run out, scuttle, seclude, step down, withdraw). (various references) | |
Chinese | '退 . (various references) | |
Czech | zátiší (still life), vzdálit se, ustoupit (budge, fall back, give back, give ground, give in, recede, relent, retire, shrink, shrink back, shrink from, start back, submit, withdraw, yield), soukromí (privacy), útulek (harborage, harbour, harbourage, haven, refuge, resting place, shelter), ústup (climb down, countermarch, recess). (various references) | |
Danish | sprække som følge af sammentrækning (joint of retreat, shrinkage joint), som alternativ til tilbagerettet brydning brydes i visse kulfelter i fremadrettede rum (advanced headings are used is some coalfields, as an alternative to retreat mining), mulighederne for at benytte vandindsproejtning, som udgaar fra sidegangene til brydningsrummet, er begraenset til et antal specifikke brydningsmetoder : ved tilbagerykkende brydningsfront og ved saakaldte Z-metode (applications of infusion from the gate-roads are limited to faces worked in retreat and Z-workings), middelhastighed efter bygvaerker (velocity of retreat), kun 7% af alle rum i kullaget brydes langs haeldende fronter (only about 7 % of all coal faces are worked on retreat), kontraktionsspalte (contraction fissure, desiccation crack, desiccation mark, fissure of retreat, mud crack, sun crack). (various references) | |
Dutch | de aftocht blazen, aftrekken (count down, discount, infuse, march off, rebate, subtract, withdraw). (various references) | |
Esperanto | retreto, retiriĝo, retiriĝi, forpasi (march off, withdraw). (various references) | |
Farsi | پس گرفتن (Abalienate, Recapture, Retrieve, Withdraw, Withdrawal), کناره گیری (Demission, Detachment, Renunciation, Resignation), گوشه عزلت (Hermitage), عقب نشینی کردن , عقب نشینی (Recess, Scuttle), عقب نشاندن (Drive), عقب زدن , انزوا (Seclusion). (various references) | |
Finnish | vetäytyminen (withdrawal), vetäytyä (draw back, fall back, retire, withdraw), tyyssija (nest, seat), peräytyä (back, fall back), perääntyminen (backing out), perääntyä. (various references) | |
French | se retirer (recede, retire), retraite (refuge, retirement, retreating). (various references) | |
Frisian | ôftocht. (various references) | |
German | Rückzug (drawback, retirement, retraction, withdrawal). (various references) | |
Greek | υποχωρώ (abate, back down, back out of, blench, bow, cave in, climb down, defer to, ebb, fall back, flinch, give in, give way to, recede, relent, subduce, subside, yield). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מפלט (asylum, escape, haven, refuge, shelter), מ וס (escape, flight, refuge, way out), לשוב על עקבותיו, ל"תקפל (fold), ל"רתע (back away, blench, boggle, cringe, draw back, flinch, recoil, refrain, retract, withdraw), ל"סו' (recede, recoil), לס'ת (back away, draw back, fall back, give ground, lose ground, recede, retire, retract, withdraw), ל וע אחור" (back up), "ור"ת ""'ל, בית מחס" (almshouse, asylum, poorhouse, workhouse), סי'" (recession, recoil, regression, setback, withdrawal). (various references) | |
Hungarian | visszavonulás (backdown, backward movement, climb-down, countermarch, recession, recoiling, retirement, sequestration, withdrawal, withdrawal operation), visszavonultság (obscurity, privacy, recluse, retirement, seclusion, sequestration), takarodó (curfew, last post, recall, sack time, taps, tattoo), magányosság (loneliness, privacy, private, seclusion, solitariness, solitude), lelkigyakorlat, csendes pihenőhely, csendes napok. (various references) | |
Indonesian | mundur (derogate, dwindle, keep back, wince), menarik kembali (abrogate, redraw, retract), i'tikaf (retirement). (various references) | |
Italian | ritiro (evacuation, haunt, recession, reclamation, retirement, seclusion, takingback, withdrawal), ritirata (bathroom, tattoo, toilet, withdrawal), ritirarsi (drop out, ebb, flinch, go back on, neap, pull back, recede, retire, shrink, stand down, withdraw), retrocedere (degrade, demote, downgrade, recoil, retrocede), indietreggiare (back, blench, draw back, flinch, go, go back, go backwards, hang back, recoil, rein back, shrink), battere in ritirata. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 退却 (retirement, withdrawal), '退 (evacuation, repeal, revocation, withdrawal). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たいきゃく (retirement, withdrawal), たいじ" (confrontation of armies, encampment, gentleman, man of substance or virtue, personal, retirement, withdrawal), ひっ"み (depression, retirement), いおり (hermitage), "うたい (a luminous body, alternation, antibody, backspace, change, exchange, relay, relief, rise and fall, shift), あ"しつ (dark room, hermit's cell), あ"じつ (hermit's cell), ゆうきょ (hermitage, retirement, seclusion), てったい (evacuation, repeal, revocation, withdrawal). (various references) | |
Korean | 퇴각 (retreating). (various references) | |
Manx | traie (beach, neap tide; cool, neap tide; cool of anger, recede; cooling, retreating, sandy seashore, shore, strand), roie er chea (abscond, fly away, run away, scatter), goll ergooyl (get back, recede, recession, retire, retrogress, retrogression, reverse; neap tide, setback, tergiversation, withdrawal), cooyl-ghleashaght (retrocession), chea (abscondment, flee, flight, run away). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | etreatray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | recuo (backing, backlash, backward travel, dereliction, fallback, flinch, kick, rebound, recess, recession, recoil, resign, retirement, return, slip). (various references) | |
Romanian | retragere (backing, climb down, recall, recession, refuge, regress, retire, retirement, retiring, retraction, seclusion, withdrawal), refugiu (asylum, covert, flight, Harbor, harbour, haven, hiding, home, kennel, niche, pied a terre, recourse, refuge, sanctuary, shelter), reflux (ebb, Ebb tide, low tide, low water, retard of the tide), stingere (death, disappearance, extinction, extinguishing, extinguishment), se retrage (adjourn, climb, crane, cry off, draw back, draw off, efface, fall back, give way, make one's bow, move back, repair in, repair to, retire, retract, shrink, shrink from, stand back, step aside, withdraw), descreştere (abatement, decrease, diminution, failing), bate în retragere (beat a retreat, blench, retire), azil (asylum, home, hospice, hospital, institution, refuge, sanctuary, shelter), adãpost (bunker, burrow, cot, cover, covert, coverture, flight, Harbor, harbour, haven, home, house, housing, kennel, lair, lodgment, nest, niche, penthouse, port, recourse, refuge, roofing, safeguard, sanctuary, sconce, screen, shadow, shelter, shield, shroud, stall, support). (various references) | |
Russian | уединение (confinement, isolation, privacy, seclusion), убежище (asylum, bolt-hole, burrow, citadel, dugout, harborage, harbour, harbourage, haven, hideaway, hideout, hide-out, hiding place, hiding-place, lurking-place, niche, nook, port, refuge, sancta, sanctuary, sanctum, shelter, subterfuge), вечерняя заря (afterglow), отступное (deviation, digression), отступать отступление, отход (back track, backtrack, leavings, pull back), психиатрическая больница (lunatic asylum, mental home, mental hospital, mental house). (various references) | |
Scottish | asgailt (a retreat). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | uzmicati (give ground, step back, withdraw), spuštanje zastave, sklonište (bombshelter, covert, ivy bush, refuge, shelter), povući se (baulk, draw back, fall back, lose ground, pull back, pull out, stand down), povlačenje (dragging, draw, pull back, recall, retirement, rout, withdrawal), odstupnica, odstupanje (aberration, declination, departure, deviation, exception). (various references) | |
Spanish | retirarse (bolt, bow out, disengage, draw away, draw back, fall back, remove, retire, scratch, sequester oneself, withdraw), retirada (disengagement, recall, recession, retirement, walkout, withdrawal). (various references) | |
Swedish | tillflyktsort (harborage, harbourage, haven, sanctuary), retirera (give ground, retire), återtåga, återtåg. (various references) | |
Turkish | rehabilite merkezi, yat borusu (curfew, tap), kafa dinleme yeri, kaçmak (abscond, blow, bolt, break, break away, bunk, clear off, decamp, defect, desert, elope, escape, fade, flee, fly, fly away, get away, go by, hook it, ladder, Lam, lapse, leg it, light out, make a bolt for it, make off, nip off, pack up, pull out, run, run away, run off, scamper away, scoot, scuttle, skip, skip it, skip out, slip, slip off, slope off, take flight, travel, walk off), köşesine çekilmek (hole, hole up, retire to pasture, sequester oneself), köşesine çekilme (retirement), inzivaya çekilmek (cloister, live in seclusion, retire, seclude oneself, sequester oneself), inzivaya çekilme, gerilemek (degrade, deteriorate, draw back, drop back, drop behind, drop off, fall back, lose ground, recede, redound, regress, remount, retrograde, slip, stand back, turn back, worsen), gerileme (comedown, decadence, declension, decline, downgrade, recession, recessional, regress, regression, retrocession, retrogadation, retrogression, setback, throwback, withdrawal), geri hamle yapmak, geri çekilmek (beat a retreat, blench, disengage, fall back, recede, recoil, regress, retire, retract, set back, shrink back, stand back, step back, withdraw), geri çekilme (departure, disengagement, flight, pullback, recession, recoil, regress, regression, retirement, witdrawing), enstitü (college, institute), bayrak indirme borusu. (various references) | |
Turkmen | sepikmek, gaзmak (drop, flee), зekilmek (fall back, step back). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | спуск прапора, відступати (back, back down, backtrack, blench, crawfish, deviate, digress, draw back, draw off, drop back, ebb, fall back, flinch, give ground, go back, recede, retrograde, shy, stand away, stand back, walk backward), відступ (backdown, backing, diversion, flinch), поступатися (admit, attribute, cede, comply, concede, give ground, give in, knuckle down, knuckle under, listen, relinquish, surrender, yield). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | trại cứu tế, sự rút quân, bệnh viện tinh thần kinh (lunatic asylum, madhouse, mental home, mental hospital). (various references) | |
Welsh | ymgilio (recede), encilio (desert), encilfa (desertion), encil (flight), cilio (recede, swerve), cil (back, corner), achudd (seclusion). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | recedam, recede, recedent, recedentia, recedentibus, recedere, recedes, recedet, recedo, recepi, receptum, recesserat, recesseruntque, recessi, recessisse, recessisti, recessit, recessus, recipio, recipio recepi receptum, recipio, recepi, receptum, recursus, regredi, regredietur, regredior, regressae, regressi, regresso, regressum, regressus, regressusque, retrahere, terga dare. (various references) |
| Medieval Latin | 700-1500 | reductus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "retreat": retreatant, retreatants, retreated, retreater, retreaters, retreating, retreats. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "retreat": pretreat. (additional references) | |
Words containing "retreat": pretreated, pretreating, pretreatment, pretreatments, pretreats. (additional references) | |
| |
"Retreat" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: etreat, ettelaat, pretreat, ratmeat, reatreat, retarait, reteat, retereat, retraite, retreal, retreav, retree. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "retreat" (pronounced rētrē"t) |
| 4 | -t r ē" t | mistreat, Street, treat. |
| 3 | -r ē" t | concrete, discreet, discrete, excrete, greet, indiscreet, secrete. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: treater. | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-e-r-r-t-t" | |
-1 letter: ratter, retear, tarter, tearer, terrae, terret. | |
-2 letters: arete, eater, rater, tarre, tater, terra, tetra, treat. | |
-3 letters: rare, rate, rear, rete, tare, tart, tate, tear, teat, tree, tret. | |
-4 letters: are, art, ate, att, ear, eat, era, ere, err, eta, rat, ree, ret, tae, tar, tat, tea, tee, tet. | |
-5 letters: ae, ar, at, er, et, re, ta. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-e-r-r-t-t" | |
+1 letter: barrette, berretta, patterer, pretreat, rattener, retarget, retreats, tetramer, treaters. | |
+2 letters: barrettes, berrettas, chatterer, clatterer, craterlet, extravert, flatterer, overtreat, patterers, pretreats, ratemeter, ratteners, rectorate, reentrant, reiterate, repattern, restarted, retardate, retargets, retracted, retreated, retreater, revertant, rotameter, scatterer, smatterer, streetcar, tetramers. | |
+3 letters: arrestment, chatterers, clatterers, craterlets, extraverts, farmerette, flatterers, literature, maltreater, overtreats, perpetrate, pretheater, pretreated, ratemeters, rectorates, reentrants, reiterated, reiterates, repatriate, repatterns, retardates, retargeted, retractile, retreatant, retreaters, retreating, retroacted, revertants, rotameters, scatterers, smatterers, streetcars, tertiaries, tetrahedra, tetrameric, tetrameter, tetraspore, thereafter, threatener, trailerite, travertine, vertebrate. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Cities 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Translations: Ancient 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
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