Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Reprisal |
ReprisalNoun1. A retaliatory action against an enemy in wartime. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "reprisal" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1598. (references) |
Synonym: ReprisalSynonym: retaliation. (additional references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A related concept is Letter of marque (license to hunt enemy ships and retake lost ships from the enemy).
See also: War, Laws of war.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reprisal."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Retaliation | Noun: retaliation, reprisal, retort, payback; counter-stroke, counter-blast, counterplot, counter-project; retribution, lex talionis; reciprocation; (reciprocity). |
Stealing | Piracy, privateering, buccaneering; license to plunder, letters of marque, letters of mark and reprisal. |
Taking | Resumption; reprise, reprisal; recovery. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Reprisal |
| English words defined with "reprisal": cycle ♦ letter of mark and reprisal ♦ Recaption, retaliatory eviction ♦ Withernam. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | An Act of Reprisal (1964) Reprisal! (1956) Reprisal (1997) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Theater & Movies | |
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 1: No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Civil Liberties | Iran | However, some books and pamphlets critical of the Government are published without reprisal. (references) |
Libya | Professors and teachers who discuss politically sensitive topics face the risk of government reprisal. (references) | |
Thailand | Journalists generally are free to comment on governmental activities without fear of official reprisal. (references) | |
Economic History | Benin | Beninese from all walks of life and in all regions feel free to express political views without fear of reprisal from the government. (references) |
Nigeria | The public appears less fearful of recourse to courts and more willing to litigate and seek redress without fear of reprisal, although the use of the court system does not automatically imply fair or impartial judgments. (references) | |
Human Rights | Angola | There were reports that UNITA engaged in reprisal attacks on civilians during the year. (references) |
Political Economy | Congo | In particular RCD/Goma and Rwandan units committed mass killings allegedly in reprisal for Mai Mai attacks against RCD or Rwandan forces. (references) |
THAILAND | They may form and join unions and make policy without hindrance from the government and without reprisal or discrimination for union activity. (references) | |
Iraq | This referendum included neither secret ballots nor opposing candidates, and many credible reports indicated that voters feared possible reprisal for a dissenting vote. (references) | |
Political Rights | Iraq | It included neither voter privacy nor opposing candidates, and many credible reports indicated that voters feared possible reprisal if they cast a dissenting vote. (references) |
Rwanda | However, a March report by Human Rights Watch indicated that in 45 percent of the contests only one candidate ran for office, some potential candidates withdrew after being threatened, and some voters cast their ballots out of fear of reprisal. (references) | |
Women | Belarus | The primary problem remained a general reluctance among women to report instances of domestic violence due to fear of reprisal and the social stigma. (references) |
Worker Rights | Cambodia | The Labor Law provides for the right to strike and protects strikers from reprisal. (references) |
Guatemala | Throughout the economy, employees were reluctant to exercise their right of association for fear of reprisal by employers. (references) | |
Romania | Some NGO's stated that fear of reprisal from organized crime groups deters them from taking aggressive action against traffickers. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Many feared that the end of that foreign war of men and machines meant the beginning of a domestic war of recrimination and reprisal. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Reprisal" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.11% of the time. "Reprisal" is used about 53 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.11% | 52 | 47,145 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 1.89% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 53 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "reprisal": as a reprisal for ♦ letter of mark and reprisal ♦ letters of mark and reprisal ♦ Letters of marque and reprisal ♦ reprisal raid. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
reprisal | 13 |
marque reprisal | 3 |
letter of marque and reprisal | 2 |
fear former from iraqi official reprisal | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "reprisal"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | raprezalie (victimization), masë ndëshkimore. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | إنتقم (get back, get even with, get one's own back, hit back, requite, retaliate, revenge, strike back, take revenge, wreak, wreak vengeance), إنتقام (nemesis, requital, retaliation, revenge), إقتص, أخذ بالثأر. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | репресивна мярка (retaliation, retort, retortion), компенсация (amends, atonement, compensation, indemnification, indemnity, offset, pay, recompense, recoupment, requital, restitution, set off). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 报复 (Avenge, Avenged, Avenging, retaliate, Retaliated, Retaliating, retaliation, retaliatory). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | odveta (backlash, retaliation, retort, retortion, retribution, return, revenge, vengeance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | afstaa fra enhver repressaliehandling,der indebaerer magtanvendelse (to refrain from any act of reprisal by force). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | zich onthouden van iedere daad van vergelding door geweld (to refrain from any act of reprisal by force). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | تلافی کردن (Avenge, Counter, Pay, Reciprocate, Recoup, Retaliate), تلافی (Amends, Greet, Incidence, Repay, Restitution, Retort, Retribution, Tit), جبران (Amends, Back, Recompense, Recovery, Rectification, Relief, Restitution), انتقام (Nemesis, Revenge, Vengeance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | représaille. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Repressalie, Vergeltungsmaßnahme (retaliatory measure). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αντεκδίκηση (retaliation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מעש" קם (act of revenge, retaliation), ת'מול (benefit, gratuity, recompense, requital, retaliation, retribution, reward), פעולת ת'מול (retaliation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | megtorlás (punishment, recompense, requital, retaliation, retribution, revenge, reward, sanction, strafe). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | tindakan balasan (countermeasure), pembalasan (recompense, reply, requital), balasan (answer, reply, response, revenge). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | rappresaglia (retaliation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 復仇 (revenge), 仕"し (being even with, retaliation, revenge, tit for tat). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | しかえし (being even with, retaliation, revenge, tit for tat), ふくきゅう (rehabilitation, restitution, restoration, revenge), ふっきゅう (rehabilitation, restitution, restoration, revenge). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | lhiasagh (amends, atonement, compensation, manure, recompense, redress, reparation, retribution, revisionary). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | eprisalray retaliação (retaliation, retort, retribution), represália (comeback, requital, retaliation, retort, retortion, revenge, vengeance, victimization). (various references) represalie (retort). (various references) репрессалия (retaliation), реприз. (various references) aicheamhail (revenge). (various references) represalija, odmazda (guerdon, retaliation, retribution, revenge, tit), nasilno povraćanje svojine. (various references) represalia. (various references) repressalie. (various references) yanına koymama, misilleme (answer, quittance, recompense, requital, retaliation, retaliatory, retortion, retribution), aynen karşılık verme (retortion). (various references) репресалія (retaliation), захід у відповідь. (various references) sự trả thù (retaliation, revenge), sự trả đũa (retaliation, retort). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Old Provenal | 900-1500 | marca. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "reprisal": reprisals. (additional references) | |
| |
"Reprisal" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: reapproval, repraisal, reprisak, reprival, reproval, resprisal, retrisal. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "reprisal" (pronounced rēprī"zul) |
| 3 | -z u l | appraisal, arousal, Basil, causal, chisel, counterproposal, damsel, dazzle, disposal, drizzle, easel, embezzle, fizzle, frazzle, grizzle, guzzle, Hazel, menopausal, muzzle, nasal, nozzle, nuzzle, perusal, pretzel, proposal, puzzle, reappraisal, recusal, refusal, sizzle, spousal, weasel, Wurzel. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-i-l-p-r-r-s" | |
-1 letter: aspirer, parrels, parries, praiser, railers, rapiers, raspier, repairs. | |
-2 letters: airers, ariels, aspire, espial, irreal, lapser, lipase, lisper, palier, parers, paries, parles, parrel, parser, pearls, perils, pliers, praise, priers, railer, raiser, rapers, rapier, rasper, repair, resail, sailer, serail, serial, sierra, sparer, spiral, spirea, sprier. | |
-3 letters: airer, aisle, apers, apres, ariel, arils, arise, arles, arris. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-i-l-p-r-r-s" | |
+1 letter: pretrials, reprisals, sparklier, sprawlier. | |
+2 letters: leprosaria, papergirls, polarizers, reprievals, respirable. | |
+3 letters: leprosarium, peripherals, proclaimers, reappraisal, reciprocals, replicators, repolarizes, sparrowlike. | |
+4 letters: archesporial, caterpillars, depolarizers, dimercaprols, hairsplitter, hyperrealism, hyperrealist, leprosariums, philanderers, plagiarizers, platyrrhines, polarimeters, popularizers, precariously, prelapsarian, preliterates, presbyterial, professorial, proletarians, proletariats, proliferates, reappraisals, replastering, superciliary, superrealism, trampoliners, ultraprecise. | |
+5 letters: calligraphers, cerebrospinal, corporalities, hairsplitters, hyperrealisms, interpersonal, interpleaders, interpolators, intrapersonal, lithographers, particularise, polarimetries, pralltrillers, preamplifiers, preceptorials, prehistorical, preindustrial, preliminaries, presbyterials, progressional, prosecutorial, repopularizes, supercriminal, supercritical, superrealisms, superregional, velociraptors. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)52 65 70 72 69 73 61 6C |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).-. . .--. .-. .. ... .- .-.. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010010 01100101 01110000 01110010 01101001 01110011 01100001 01101100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)R e p r i s a l |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0052 0065 0070 0072 0069 0073 0061 006C |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)5271828475856778 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Historic 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Speeches | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Orthography 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
