Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Render

Definition: Render

Render

Verb

1. Cause to become; "The shot rendered her immobile".

2. Provide or furnish with; "We provided the room with an electrical heater"; "render assistence".

3. Give an interpretation or rendition of; "The pianist rendered the Beethoven sonata beautifully".

4. Give or supply; "The cow brings in 5 liters of milk"; "This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn"; "The estate renders some revenue for the family".

5. Pass down; "render a verdict"; "deliver a judgment".

6. Law: make over as a return; "They had to render the estate".

7. Give back; "render money".

8. To surrender someone or something to another; "the guard delivered the criminal to the police"; "render up the prisoners"; "render the town to the enemy".

9. Show in, or as in, a picture; "This scene depicts country life"; "the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting".

10. : bestow; "give hommage"; "render thanks".

11. : restate (words) from one language into another language; "I have to translate when my in-laws from Austria visit the U.S."; "Can you interpret the speech of the visiting dignitaries?"; "She rendered the French poem into English".

12. : melt (fat, lard, etc.) in order to separate out impurities; "try the yak butter"; "render fat in a casserole".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "render" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Note: Render \Ren"der\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Rendered(-d?rd);personal pronoun & verb noun. Rendering.]. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Render

DomainDefinition

Computing

In computer animation, to draw a real-world object as it actually appears. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Computer rendering

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Traditionally, to render is to purify animal fats. For that topic, see rendering.

In computer graphics, rendering is the process of drawing a bitmap image based upon more abstract image information, such as vector graphics or 3D computer graphics information (typically consiting of geometry, viewpoint, texture and lighting information).

In the case of 3D graphics, rendering is a slow, computationally intensive process (typically for movie creation) or supported by realtime 3D hardware accelerators in graphic cards (typically for 3D computer games). The term is by analogy with an "artist's rendering" of a scene.

When the pre-image (a wireframe sketch usually) is complete, rendering is used, which adds in textures, lights, bump mapping, and relative position to other objects. The result is a completed image the consumer or intended viewer sees.

For movie animations, several images (frames) must be rendered, and stitched together in a program capable of making an animation of this sort. Most 3-D image editing programs can do this.

There are a number of different phenomena that need to be simulated when rendering a scene:

All of these effects can be summed up in a single 'rendering equation' that contains very complex constants that in effect encode the scene.

All 3-D rendering software and hardware produces an approximation to a solution of the idealised rendering equation. Slow movie-creation software typically use more realistic rendering equations than realtime 3D hardware accelerators.

Methods of rendering include:

Movietype rendering often takes place on a network of tightly connected computers called a render farm.

The current state of the art in 3-D image description for movie creation is the RenderMan scene description language designed at Pixar. (compare with simpler 3D fileformats such as VRML or APIs such as OpenGL and DirectX tailored for 3D hardware accelerators).

Movie type rendering software includes:

Fill in research - image based rendering, non photorealism, etc.

External link

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Render

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The verb to render has a number of meanings:

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Synonyms: Render

Synonyms: deliver (v), depict (v), furnish (v), generate (v), get in (v), give (v), hand over (v), interpret (v), picture (v), provide (v), return (v), show (v), submit (v), supply (v), translate (v), try (v), turn in (v), yield (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Render

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Continuance in action

Convert into, resolve into; make, render; mold, form; remodel, new model, refound, reform, reorganize; assimilate to, bring to, reduce to.

Giving

Pay; render, impart, communicate.

Interpretation

Verb: interpret, explain, define, construe, translate, render; do into, turn into; transfuse the sense of.

Restitution

Verb: return, restore; give back, carry back, bring back; render, render up; give up; let go, unclutch; disgorge, regorge; regurgitate; recoup, reimburse, compensate, indemnify; remit, rehabilitate; repair; (make good).

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Render

Specialty definitions using "render": AIRPORT ATTENDANT, annealing oven, APPEALS REFEREE, Avidinboar sexual odour, boar taint, breaker-up, BREAKER-UP-MACHINE OPERATOR, Bresenham's algorithmcarbonate leach, Chapter and Verse, chemical-clay grout, contamination control, corner reflectorDental Pulp Exposure, DIRECTOR, MUSIC, DIRECTOR, NURSES' REGISTRY, doping, Doves, dry-cleaning-machine operator, DRY-HOUSE TENDEREGG CANDLER, emergency destruction of nuclear weapons, endangering the life or health of anotherfalling slag, feeble-mindedness, flat sourGale's CompoundHaggard, Helps, Herculean Knot, HOUSE WORKER, GENERAL, housekeeper, homeintermediate image, Ischemic Preconditioning, MyocardialLay by the Heels, Legs, Letter, Look at here, low-freezing dynamitesminers' nystagmus, music department head, musical directorNATURAL-GAS-TREATING-UNIT OPERATOR, normalizing, NURSE, PRIVATE DUTY, nurse, specia, NURSE, SUPERVISOR, COMMUNITY-HEALTH NURSINGObedience, occupational extra, oligophreniaPersonal Digital Assistant, productive development, Profanity, pseudo-factor, puddled clay, puddled ironquiesce timereconditioned sand, registrar, nurses' registry, run gumSacrifice to the Graces, screw elevators, semiplastic explosives, sewage purification, sewage treatment, SOCIAL-WORK CONSULTANT, solodisation, solodization, solotization, spamblock, standard of ventilation, stone dust, supervisor, public-health nursin, systemic insecticideTaste, translocatedunattended standby time, undiscovered resourcesvector graphicswastewater purification, wastewater treatment, Water Quality Criteriazero-hour clause, Zophar. (references)
Etymologies containing "render": Rent. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Render" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses.

Portuguese (command, pay, relieve, render, yield).

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Modern Usage: Render

DomainUsage

Screenplays

To make soap, first we render fat. (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls)

How do you render events (2 ou 3 choses que je sais d'elle; writing credit: Catherine Vimenet; Jean-Luc Godard)

Therefore render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's and unto God the things that are God's (Sergeant York; writing credit: Harry Chandlee; Abem Finkel)

Lyrics

And soon it will render (Margaritaville; performing artist: JIMMY BUFFET)

Movie/TV Titles

To Render a Life (1992)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Render

DomainTitle

Books

  • Airbrush Artist's Pocket Palette: Practical, Visual Advice on How to Render over 300 Effects and Textures (Pocket Palette Series) (reference)

  • Render Me My Song (reference)

  • Render Me, Gender Me (Between Men~Between Women: Lesbian and Gay Studies) (reference)

  • Render Safe (reference)

  • Render Them Submissive: Responses to Poverty in Philadelphia, 1760-1800 (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Render

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

The ultraviolet pass box cabinet was used in Maximum Containment labs, through which possibly contaminated objects were passed in order to render any pathogens lifeless during transfer between laboratory rooms. Credit: CDC.

The production of medflies can be realized in the laboratory by bathing medfly eggs in warm water—a process that kills the female embryos but doesn't harm the male embryos. In the pupal stage, the males canbe irradiated to render them sexually sterile. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Render
 

"Fairy Dust" by Lynn Cummings
Commentary: "Some digital lenses, in the right lighting, will render the effect of a star filter."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Familiar Quotations: Render

AuthorQuotation

Addison

Title and ancestry render a good man more illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible.

Buffon

To write well is to think well, to feel well, and to render well; it is to possess at once intellect, soul, and taste.

Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley

Be discreet in all things, and so render it unnecessary to be mysterious.

Henry Bolingbroke

The greatest art of a politician is to render vice serviceable to the cause of virtue.

Jean De La Fontaine

Neither wealth or greatness render us happy.

John Stuart Mill

The general tendency of things throughout the world is to render mediocrity the ascendant power among mankind.

Joseph Addison

The important question is not, what will yield to man a few scattered pleasures, but what will render his life happy on the whole amount.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Trust your instinct to the end, though you can render no reason.

Victor Hugo

The mountains, the forest, and the sea, render men savage; they develop the fierce, but yet do not destroy the human.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Render

AuthorDateQuotation

US Declaration of Independence

1776

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power. (reference)

US Constitution

1791

Hamilton, of New York,) expressing their unanimous conviction that it might essentially tend to advance the interests of the Union if the States by which they were respectively delegated would concur, and use their endeavors to procure the concurrence of the other States, in the appointment of commissioners to meet at Philadelphia on the Second Monday of May following, to take into consideration the situation of the United States; to devise such further provisions as should appear to them necessary to render the Constitution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union; and to report such an act for that purpose to the United States in Congress assembled as, when agreed to by them and afterwards confirmed by the Legislatures of every State, would effectually provide for the same. (reference)

Marbury v. Madison

1803

If any other construction would render the clause inoperative, that is an additional reason for rejecting such other construction, and for adhering to their obvious meaning. (reference)

Treaty of Versailles

1919

In every case of mandate, the Mandatory shall render to the Council an annual report in reference to the territory committed to its charge. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Render

TitleAuthorQuote

A Christmas Carol

Dickens, Charles

For he had an expectation that the conduct of his future self would give him the clue he missed, and would render the solution of these riddles easy

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

We must render an account of what took place in that soul, and we can relate only what was there

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

The gossip of his fellowstudents which strove to render the flat life of the college significant at any cost loved to think of him as a young fenian

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Render

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Either condition would render direct antiviral therapy ineffective. (references)

If superior, the "new," noninvasive approach may ultimately render cholecystectomy obsolete. (references)

In Part II, as in Part I, our objective is not to interpret the latest advances on Fuchs' dystrophy or render an opinion. (references)

Business

Differences in capacity and specialization render statements on hospital drug consumption difficult. (references)

Whether directly or through a third party, companies that wish to enter the French market need to take the necessary steps to render their products attractive to the French consumer. (references)

The recent move by the Kenya government to reduce lower the import duty on mobile telephone equipment from 25% to 5% is likely to render mobile telephony more accessible to potential subscribers within the country. (references)

Civil Liberties

Lebanon

Any group that wishes to organize a rally must obtain the prior approval of the Ministry of Interior, which does not render decisions consistently. (references)

Egypt

After Naklah rebutted an initial finding that he had no standing to file the suit, the court in October requested the State Commissioners body to render an opinion on the constitutionality of the 10 conditions. (references)

Poland

In 1995 a provincial court charged presidential candidate Leszek Bubel with violating this article by publishing a pamphlet containing anti-Semitic "humor"; however, observers believe that it is unlikely that the court would render a verdict on this case. (references)

Economic History

Argentina

It can also perform work or render services that are supplementary or accessory to its main purpose. (references)

Syria

Loan processing fees for the private sector effectively render real interest cost of loans positive. (references)

Albania

A college of three judges, who are sometimes referred to as a "jury" by the Albanian press, render court verdicts. (references)

Human Rights

Dominican Republic

Judges, rather than juries, render all verdicts. (references)

Kenya

Although the assessors render a verdict, their judgment is not binding. (references)

Belgium

The warrant expires after 7 days, and the court must render its verdict within 5 days of the initial hearing. (references)

Political Economy

Kenya

Politically motivated appointments to ministries, parastatals, and financial institutions, including the Central Bank of Kenya, often render these institutions less effective. (references)

Brazil

Lawyers often drag out cases as long as possible, hoping an appeals court will render a favorable decision and because they are paid according to the amount of time they spend on a case. (references)

Indonesia

It remains to be seen whether the human rights tribunal can conduct transparent hearings and render fair sentences to high-ranking members of the security force, who have to date not been held accountable for their actions. (references)

Trade

Bulgaria

The Minister is required to render a final opinion within five days of receipt of the appeal. (references)

Cyprus

One of these responsibilities concerns the proper labeling and packaging of consumer products to render them completely safe to the public. (references)

Australia

An IRA was carried out for cooked U.S. poultry, but the resulting cooking times and temperatures are excessively high and would render the product unpalatable. (references)

Travel

Colombia

Hotels may also render these services. (references)

Argentina

There are special immigration provisions for some foreign professional, scientific or technical research personnel hired abroad to render services in Argentina for a maximum of two years. (references)

Worker Rights

Germany

Specialized labor court judges render decisions in these cases. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Render

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

George Washington

1789-1797After they shall have provided for the present emergency, it will merit their most serious labors to render tranquility with the savages permanent by creating ties of interest.

John Adams

1797-1801As to myself, it is my anxious desire so to execute the trust reposed in me as to render the people of the United States prosperous and happy.

Thomas Jefferson

1801-1809Those numberless afflictions, which render it doubtful whether heaven has given life to us in mercy or in wrath, are less felt, and sooner forgotten with them.

James Madison

1809-1817To render the justice of the war on our part the more conspicuous, the reluctance to commence it was followed by the earliest and strongest manifestations of a disposition to arrest its progress.

Andrew Jackson

1829-1837This improvement, if successful, would afford a free passage of the river and render the canal entirely useless.

John F. Kennedy

1961-1963Then the motives which induced us to render assistance of such a kind to Cuba disappear.

Ronald Reagan

1981-1989A security shield can one day render nuclear weapons obsolete and free mankind from the prison of nuclear terror.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Render

"Render" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 77.18% of the time. "Render" is used about 665 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Lexical Verb (infinitive)77.18%51311,826
Lexical Verb (base form)18.02%12029,358
Noun (singular)4.2%2865,706
Noun (proper)0.6%4175,879
                    Total100.00%665N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Render

The following table summarizes the usage of "render" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons
Rank in USA
RenderLast name1,0009,781
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Render

Expressions using "render": render a judgement render a message render a service render account render an account render an account of render an account of smth. render assistance render deep render down render first aid render general render good for evil render harmless render high render idle render inoperative render intelligible render into render invalid render liable of render light render movable render mute render narrow render null render palatable render poor render possible render pungent render safe procedures render sensible render service render service to render simple render smth. harmless render sour render stupid render sufficient render thanks render uncertain render unclean render unintelligible render unlike render up render useful render useless render vicious render violent render wise render with plaster. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "render": render-clad, render-set.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Render

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

render

110

render wall

3

final render

41

cebas final render

3

dream render

26

render saver screen xp

3

3d render

19

render ship

3

brazil render

18

render logo

3

render farm

16

render viz

3

final render tutorial

8

building render

2

cement render

7

render video

2

hall render

6

render william

2

render unto caesar

6

cebas final render stage

2

render software

5

comando el render

2

architectural render

5

brazil download render

2

artlantis render

4

3d render studio

2

download final render

4

auto cad comando render

2

maya render

4

program render

2

man render

4

cannot context initialize render

2

engine render

3

arnold render

2

auto cad render

3

fat pork render

2

power render

3

messiah render

2

render saver screen

3

creation error morrowind render

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Render

Language Translations for "render"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

riprodhoj (clone, facsimile, print, propagate, reproduce), suvatoj (daub, parget, plaster), suva (plaster), shpërblim (bonus, compensation, consideration, desert, deserts, guerdon, honor, honorarium, honour, kudos, meed, pay, payment, premium, recompense, recoupment, remuneration, reparations, repayment, requital, return, reward), shndërroj në, pasqyroj (express, image, mirror, reflect, represent, throw back), paraqes (acquaint, bring in, bring up, delineate, demonstrate, denote, develop, display, feature, front, induct, introduce, introduce oneself, obtrude, offer, portray, prefer, present, press, produce, propound, put, put in, recommend, represent, serve, show, stand for, submit), paguaj (buy, defray, disburse, fee, foot, fork out, give, meet, pay, pay out, pay up, plank, reckon, recompense, redeem, remunerate, repay, reward, settle), përshkruaj (characterize, delineate, depict, depicture, describe, draw, escribe, image, paint, picture, portray), përkthej (adapt, translate), luaj rolë (represent), katandis (descend, reduce), i jap ndihmë (help), dhjamë (fat, grease, hernia, rupture, tallow), bëj (achieve, act, beget, carry into effect, carry on, carry out, carry through, catch, cause, commit, create, do, effect, effectuate, fabricate, grow, have, make, make up, navigate, pay, perform, perpetrate, proceed, study, transact, wage, wreak). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏سلم (accept, admit, agree, allow, commit, consign, deliver, give in, grant, hand over, hierarchy, ladder, postulate, presume, recognize, resign, rung, salaam, salute, scale, secure, stair, staircase, stairway, submit, transmit, turn in, turn over), ‏شكر (acknowledgement, gratitude, recognize, return, thank, thankfulness, thanks, thanksgiving), ‏رد (answer, answer back, beat, counter, disallow, drive back, pay, pay back, put off, rebound, rebuff, rebut, rebuttal, rejoinder, repay, repayment, repercussion, reply, respond, response, retrieve, return, reverberate, reversion, riposte, spurn, turn away), ‏رجع (assign, back, come back, cut back, get back, give back, go back, pass back, rebound, reconsider, reestablish, reinstate, report back, resound, retreat, return, reverse, revert, send back, snap back, step back, turn, turn back, turn in), ‏جبس (gypsum), ‏ذاب (dissolve, flux, fuse, fuze, melt, solve, thaw), ‏صير (wax), ‏دهن (butter, fat, grease, lipid, oil, paint, plaster, rub in, shortening, smear), ‏عزف (execute, fiddle, lute, perform, pick, play, play away, set a piano, strike), ‏ملط الطين, ‏سلم رسالة, ‏سكب (casting, decant, empty, infuse, infusion, melt down, mould, pour, pouring out, shed, slop, slosh), ‏غنى (affluence, chant, croon, enrich, make money, opulence, perform, riches, richness, sang, sing, sung, warble, wealth), ‏قدم الحساب, ‏قدم خدمة (do, serve, turn), ‏قدم مساعدة, ‏طلى (coat, varnish). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

оказвам (administer, administrate, do, give, lend, put up, show), измазвам (plaster), изразявам (articulate, carve, clothe, conceive, convey, couch, express, import, phrase, put, signify), интерпретирам (interpret), плащане (compensation, defrayal, defrayment, disbursement, dues, fee, pay, payment, remuneration), предавам (carry, convey, deliver, denounce, get through, give, give in, give over, give up, hand in, hand over, impart, pass along, pass in, pass round, put out, reproduce, resign, sell down the river, sell out, send, send on, send out, submit, transfuse, turn over, yield), превеждам (interpret, pilot, remit, transfer, translate, transpose), давам (accommodate, accord, adduce, administer, afford, allow, award, bring forth, commit, confer, delegate, dig up, endow, gave, give, give in, given, grant, hand out, hold, hold out, kick in, pass, pay, present, produce, put up, send, set, show), наем (hire, lease, rent, rental), явявам се (appear, come, dawn, intervene, materialize, present, raise up, roll up, show, show up, walk), отдавам (attach, devote, give, impute, pay, refer, set down, spend), отивам (adjourn, betake, go, proceed, repair, resort, sort, suit), отплащам се с, отхлабвам (loosen, relax), карам (auto, cart, cause, drive, get along, have, impel, keep, lead, make, move, oar, occasion, pilot, propel, roll along, run, sail, serve, set, set off, start, urge on, wheel), топя (dissolve, found, fuse, melt, run, smelt, steep, thaw, try, unfreeze), тълкувам (comment, construe, explain, explicate, expound, gloss, interpret, read, translate), първа мазилка на стена. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

回报 (Rendered, rendering, Repaid, repay, Repaying), 呈送 (present). (various references)

   

Czech

  

vypsat (dump smb., wear down), vykonat (accomplish, carry out, discharge, effectuate, execute, implement, mete out, perform, push through), vydat (betray, bring out, disburse, edit, expend, extradite, get out, hand over, issue, outlay, release, surrender), splácet, provést (accomplish, carry out, effect, execute, exercise, finish, make, perform, realize, ride out, see it through, show, undertake), prokázat (demonstrate, establish, extend, show), poskytnout (administer, afford, extend, furnish, give, grant, house, provide, supply, tender, volunteer), přeložit (fold back, put over, replace, transfer, translate, turn), předložit (bring forward, bring in, commit, dish up, introduce, pose, prefer, produce, propound, put, put forward, put in, send in, set, submit, tender), oplatit (pay back, reciprocate, repay, requite, revenge). (various references)

   

Danish

  

udjævningspuds, puds. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

weergeven (give back, reproduce, return), reproduceren (give back, reproduce, return). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

reprodukti (reproduce). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

منتقل کردن (Abalienate, Transfer, Transmigrate, Wend), تحویل دادن (Deliver, Surrender), تسلیم داشتن , ترجمه کردن (Interpret, Put, Translate), اراءه دادن (Allege, Exhibit, Give, Present, Produce, Put, Submit, Tender), دادن (Admit, Afford, Concede, Give, Grant, Impute, Mete, Mind, Pay), دراوردن (Erupt, Evolve, Gouge, Wisp). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

tehdä joksikin (make), esittää (deliver, execute, express, extend, give, introduce, introduce to, offer, present, produce, put forward, refer, set forth, show, state, tender), antaa (accord, afford, allow, convey, give, hand pass on, issue, jättää pantiksi, leave as a pledge, let, lodge as a security, make out, pledge, present, to give, yield). (various references)

   

French

  

plâtrer, enduire, crépir. (various references)

   

German

  

wiedergeben (convey, describe, echo, give an account of, give back, perform, picture, play back, recite, recount, regive, repeat, represent, reproduce, restore, return, to play back, to regive, translate), verputzen (demolish, plaster, polish off, put away, roughcast, shift), leisten (accomplish, achieve, afford, do, effect, goof, groins, inguinal, keep, last, ledges, manage, observe, perform, put out, to achieve, to afford). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

καθιστώ (lay, make, widow), προσφέρω (confer, donate, make an offer, offer, offer to, pay, put up, subscribe, tender, utter). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

למסור (convey, deliver, forward, give, give in, give up, hand, hand over, impart, turn in), לתת (allow, establish, give, grant, hand over, let, make, malt, permit), לתרגם (construe, translate), לשלם (pay, recompense, restitute, shell out), להבהיר (brighten, clarify, elucidate, explain oneself, illustrate), לדקלם (declaim, recite, spout), לבצע תפקיד (impersonate, perform), לבצע (achieve, act, carry out, commit, do, drive, execute, perform), לטיח (coat, daub, mortar, plaster). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

viszonoz (acquit, repay, requite, to acquit, to reciprocate, to recompense, to render, to requite), vakol (to dub, to mortar, to plaster a wall, to plaster over a wall), nyújt (accord, administer, afford, dilate, extend, give, stretch, to afford, to dilate, to elongate, to hold out, to lengthen, to mill, to minister, to offer, to present, to rack, to shoot out one's tongue), megad (give up, grant, surrender, to accord, to concede, to surrender), hozam (civil fruit, output, out-turn, purchase, yield), felmutat (hold up, show off, to elevate, to produce, to render, to set forth, to show off, to show up). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

mengamankan (hand over for shafekeeping, pacify, place inprotective custody, reassure, safe), memfasidkan (imperfect). (various references)

   

Italian

  

rendere (fetch, get results, give, give back, make, pay, produce, repay, restore, return, send, to make, yield), raffigurare (be a symbol of, figure, imagine, picture, portray, represent), tributare (bestow, grant), tradurre (express, translate), sciogliere (be dissolved, break up, crack, deatch, detach, disband, dissolve, loose, loosen, melt, release, resolve, set free, shake out, solve, thaw, unbend, unbind, unchain, undo, unfix, untie), prestare (give, help, impart, lend, lend oneself, loan, spare), presentare (appear, demonstrate, give, hand in, introduce, introduce oneself, occur, offer, perform, present, produce, propose, put, put in, send in, show, submit, tender), intonacare (daub, plaster, whitewash), interpretare (accept, construe, execute, interpret, play, portray, read, translate, understand), cedere (abandon, assign, cede, crack, devote, give, give in, give up, give way, hand over, knuckle, relent, relinquish, sag, sell, submit, succumb, surrender, yield), aiutare (abet, accomodate, aid, assist, befriend, help, help each other, help oneself, relieve, see through, stimulate, succor, succour, support, to help). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

褒め奉る (to praise, to render homage to), 力を致す (to make an effort, to render assistance), 人類の為に尽くす (to render a service to humanity), 日本語に直す (to render into Japanese). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ほめまつる (to praise, to render homage to), にほんごになおす (to render into Japanese), じんるいのためにつくす (to render a service to humanity), ちからをいたす (to make an effort, to render assistance). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

만드십시요. (various references)

   

Manx

  

speilteyder, skeilteyder (splitter), scaaneyder, rasseyder (seedsman; ripper), raipeyder (mangler, ripper, tearer), plaastral (plaster, plastering), lheih (remit), cur (communicate, consign, give, lay, lead, place, put, site). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

enderray.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

retribuir (call back, give back, reciprocate, remunerate, repay, requite, return, reward, shuttle), retribuição (comeback, pay, reciprocation, remuneration, repayment, requital, retribution, return, reward, wage), render (command, pay, relieve, yield), renda (accrual, endowment, finance, income, lace, rent, revenue), realizar (accomplish, achieve, actualize, attain, celebrate, consummate, create, do, effect, execute, fulfil, fulfill, materialize, perform, produce, realize, transact, work out), prestação (installment, instalment), capitular (capitulate, chapter, characterize, list, succumb, surrender), dar (accord, administer, afford, allow, confer, deal, deliver, furnish, gift, give, give in, hand, handsel, impart, inflict, provide, supply, to give, yield), dar em troca (sell), devolver (devolve, give back, refund, remand, replace, retort, return), dispensar (dispense, dispense from, do without, excuse, exempt, go without, spare), entregar (charge, commit, consign, deliver, dispense, furnish, give, give in, give up, hand, hand in, hand out, hand over, lay down, part with, relinquish, serve, supply, turn in, turn over, yield), fazer (achieve, act, bows, cause, create, do, effect, fulfil, fulfill, make, making, manufacture, perform, produce, to do, to make, wage), apresentar (announce, bring forward, bring out, bring up, come up with, demonstrate, exhibit, give, herald, introduce, lodge, perform, preface, prefer, present, produce, proffer, propone, propound, put, put on the stage, represent, serve, show, tender, to present, turn in, wear), paga (comeback, payment, remuneration, requital, reward), transmitir (bequeath, carry, communicate, conduct, convey, deliver, devolve, give, hand, hand on, impart, leave behind, pass on, relay, report, send, superinduce, transfer, transfuse, transmit, turn over), prestar (prefer), tornar (return, to come back), traduzir (construe, translate), mão de reboco. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

restitui (deliver up, give back, pay back, refund, replace, restore, return), reda (convey, express, reproduce, restore, return), transmite (assign, bestow, carry, circulate, communicate, confer, consign to, convey, deliver, deliver over, demise, devolve, give, hand, pass, perpetuate, record, refer, remit, send, transfer, transfuse, transmit), traduce (construe, do, express, interpret, read, translate), topi (consume, destroy, dissolve, flux, found, fuse, melt, melt down, ret, rot, smelt, thaw, wick), tencui (ceil, daub, Grout, parget, slush, whitewash), preda (deliver, give, give up, profess, surrender, teach, yield), interpreta (act, construe, explain, expound, interpret, paraphrase, play, read, represent, spell, take, translate), face (achieve, act, anoint, appoint, be, be up to smth., bear, build, carry out, commit, compose, conclude, cook, cost, create, cut, dispense, do, does, draw, drive, effect, form, give, give forth, grow, happen, have, hold, induce, it does, keep, lead, leave, let, make, move, perform, perpetrate, persuade, prepare, produce, prompt, say, scoop in, strike, work, write, yield), expira (determine, die, end, expire), da în schimb (change), da (accord, administer, afford, avail, beat, bestow, bind, deal, deliver, deliver up, extend, fetch, find, gift, give, give away, grant, hallo, hand, inflict, launch, lend, offer, pass, pay, push, reach, restore, return, sell, send, set, sound, sprout, yea, yes, yield), înapoia (behind, bring back, give back, kick back, make up, pay back, refund, restore, return). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

толковать (explain, interpret), штукатурить (parget, stuccoes, stuccos), воспроизводить (reconstitute, reproduce), отдавать (give, give away, kick), оказывать услугу, оказать (show), оплата (defrayal, defrayment, disbursement, payment of, premium), превращать (change into, convert, reduce, transform, transforming, transmogrify, transmute, turn, turn into), предоставлять (accord, allow, grant to, provide, provide to), первый слой штукатурки, переводить (interpret, translate), перевод (interpretation, rending, rendition, shifting, transfer, transferal, translation), платить дань, изображать (delineate, depict, describe, figure, image, limn, pictured, portray, reflect, represent). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

dìol (avenge, pay, satisfy), ìoc (cure, heal, pay, remedy). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

vratiti (bring back, give back, hand back, pay back, reclaim, refund, remand, replace, requite, restore, return, send back, take back, turn back), učiniti (act for, make, perform), topiti (alloy, found, liquate, melt), prevoditi (interpret, translate), podneti (bear, bring, endure, present, put in, submit, tender, turn in), malterisati, izraziti (express, give voice to, phrase, put). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

reproducir (depict, introduce, offer, present, present with, put on the stage, represent, reproduce, tender), renderizar, traducir (construe, interpret, put, put across, translate), prestar (advance, borrow, give, lend, lend out, light, loan, pay, provide, swear, take, throw), pasar (blow over, bypass, come, come about, come by, come down, come in, come off, cross, dilute, draw, elapse, enact, ensue, expend, function, gait, get, get across, get by, get over, get through, give, go, go by, go off, go on, go over, go past, go through, goffer, hand, hand down, hand on, hand over, happen, kick around, knot, lapse, last, light out, line, live, live through, move, occupy, occur, outdo, overstep, overtake, pass, pass across, pass away, pass by, pass off, pass on, pass round, passing, pop in, post, proceed, put across, put down, reach, relay, ride by, roll by, run, shift, skip, smuggle, spend, strain, suffer, swallow, take away, throw out, tick away, tick by, to pass, to spend, touch, tough, turn, turn about, turn around, turn over, wear off, wear on, while), interpretar en, igualar el muro con mortero para chapar, hacer (accomplish, achieve, act, administer, advance, ask, be, bestow, bind, bring, bring in, build, carry out, cause, come, commit, compose, compound, create, cut, cut out, do, draw, drive, drop, effect, emit, enter into, enter up, fabricate, force, form, generate, get, get out, give, go at, hole, keep, knock out, lay, lean, level, light, live, live through, lumber, lure on, make, make into, make up, making, observe, offer, pack, pass, pay, perform, perpetrate, place, poke, prosecute, pull, punch, put, put forward, put out, put up, set off, tackle, take, take on, think up, throw, throw in, throw out, throw up, tie, to do, to make, to make into, travel, turn out, wet, work, work out), entregar (concede, consign, convey, deliver, fetch, furnish, give, give in, give over, give up, hand, hand in, hand over, Lodge, part with, pass, render up, serve, show up, spend, submit, supply, surrender, throw, turn in, turn over, yield), devolver (bring back, devolve, give back, hand back, hit back, pay back, put back, refund, repay, restore, return, send back, send in, take back, throw back), derretir (melt, render down, thaw). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

föredraga (deliver, elect, like, prefer, recite, report), återge (give back, reproduce). (various references)

   

Thai

  

ให้ความช่วยเหลือ, แปล (read), ส่งคืน, ทำให้เป็น, ฉาบปูน, ยอมแพ้. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

yorumlamak (comment, commentate, construe, decipher, explicate, expound, gloss, interpret, paraphrase, read), vermek (accord, adduce, adjudge, administer, allow, assign, award, bear, bestow, bring, bring in, cede, charter, come across with, confer, contribute, dedicate, deliver, deliver up, dispose of, distribute, donate, endow, extend, furnish, give, give away, give in, grant, hand, hand in, hand out, hand over, impart, inflict, inoculate, insert, instate, lend, let, let out, offer, pass, pass in, place, present, produce, put up, reach, serve, tender, throw, yield), sunmak (bring in, confer, dish, dish up, emcee, exhibit, furnish, go over, go through, help smb. to smth., hold forth, initiate, introduce, lay, Lodge, offer, pass in, pitch, prefer, present, proffer, put forward, put in, put to, put up, report, represent, serve up, shew, submit, table, tender), kılmak, ilk kat sıva sürmek, hale getirmek, geri vermek (give back, hand back, pay back, refund, repay, restore, retrocede, return, turn in), etmek (achieve, act, add up to, aggregate, carry out, cost, do, get, have, make, pay, perform, practice, practise, say, send, step, subject, take, tender, total), eritmek (dissolve, fuse, fuze, make a dent in, melt, reduce, smelt, thaw, unfreeze, whittle away, whittle off), açıklamak (account, account for, account for smth., clarify, clear, clear up, declare, declassify, deliver oneself, develop, dilate, dot the i's, elucidate, enucleate, evidence, explain, explicate, expound, express, get across, give smth. publicity, impart, intimate, lay open, make smth. clear, plead, set up, show, show forth, spit out, state, unclose, unfold, unveil), çevirmek (assemble, avert, bowl, change to, commute, convert, decline, deflect, divert, encircle, enclose, exchange, flip, flip over, hedge in, hedge round, inclose, interpret, manage, point, point on, pull, revert, roll, roll over, screw, slew, slew round, slue, slue round, spin, surround, switch to, translate, translate into, turn, turn into, turn on, turn over, turn to, twiddle, twirl, upturn, whip, wind, wind up, zone), çevirisini yapmak (put, translate), çalmak (abstract, adopt, bag, beat, beat out, blow, chime, cop, crib, defalcate, filch, finger, grind, grind out, heist, hijack, hoist, hook, hoot, incline, jangle, jingle, knelt, knock, knock off, lift, make off with, mooch, nobble, peal, pilfer, pinch, play, plunder, rap, ring, rustle, scrounge, sneak, snitch, sound, steal, strike, swipe, tend, thieve, toll, twang, verge, verge into, verge on, walk away with, walk off with, whip). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

дbermek (give, serve). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

віддавати належне (give honor, give honour), виконувати (administer, administrate, answer, carry out, comply, dispense, do, effect, effectuate, execute, fulfil, full, implement, obey, perform, play, put into effect, solve, tender), оплата (defrayal, defrayment, payola), жертвувати (contribute, donate, sacrifice), платити (acquit, disburse, give, pay). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

talu (answer, be worth, pay, suit), datganu (declare, sing), datgan (announce, declare, recount). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Render

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

concinnabat, concinnanda, concinnandas, concinnat, concinnatis, concinnavit, mansueti, mansuetis, mansuetorum, mansuetos, mansuetum, mansuetus, praebe, praebebant, praebebantur, praebebat, praebebis, praebebisque, praebebit, praebebo, praebens, praebente, praebere, praebes, praebet, praebete, praebita, praebitam, praebitionis, praebuerat, praebuerit, praebuerunt, praebui, praebuisti, praebuistis, praebuit, praebuitque, reddantur, reddasque, reddendo, reddent, reddente, reddere, redderet, reddet, reddetur, reddi, reddiderant, reddiderint, reddiderit, reddiderunt, reddidi, reddidistis, reddidit, reddiditque, reddimus, reddis, reddit, reddita, redditae, reddite, redditionis, redditis, redditur, reddituri, redditus, reddo, reddunt, redegerat, redegerunt, redegit, redigam, redigant, redigar, redigas, redigatur, redigens, redigentes, redigentur, rediges, redigetur, redigit, redigite, redigo, retribuam, retribuas, retribuat, retribue, retribuebant, retribuemus, retribuendo, retribuens, retribuentibus, retribuentur, retribuere, retribueris, retribuet, retribuetur, retribuisti, retribuit, retribuite, retributum, retribuunt. (various references)

Old English450-1100

areccean, gieldan. (various references)

Old French900-1400

rendre. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Render

LanguageDateSourceRomans Chapter 2, Verse 6
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintOV apodwsei ekastw kata ta erga autou
Latin405VulgateQui reddet unicuique secundum opera eius
Old English990West SaxonGod "sceal leanian ilcum for þam þæt he hæfð gedon."
Middle English1395WyclifThat schal yelde to ech man aftir his werkis;
Renaissance English1526TyndaleWhich will rewarde every ma accordinge to his dedes:
Jacobean English1611King JamesWho will render to every man according to his deeds:
Victorian English1833WebsterWho will render to every man according to his deeds: