Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Relaxation |
RelaxationNoun1. The exponential return of a system to equilibrium after a disturbance. 2. A state of refreshing tranquility. 3. An occurrence of control or strength weakening; "the relaxation of requirements": "the loosening of his grip"; "the slackening of the wind". 4. Freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility); "took his repose by the swimming pool". 5. The act of making less strict. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "relaxation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | Process of deriving one document from another by making the parameters describing it less restrictive. Source: European Union. (references) |
Industry | The releasing of strains and stresses in textile materials. Source: European Union. (references) |
Math | An optimization problem with an enlarged feasible region (and extended objective function) compared with an original optimization problem. Typically, the relaxation is considerably easier to solve than the original. (references) |
Medicine | Conversion of supercoiled DNA to a nicked open circle. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A diminution of tension in a part; a diminution in functional activity, as relaxation of the skin. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Metallurgy | The tensile stress relaxation test consists of maintaining a test piece at uniform temperature subjecting it to constant tensile strain and determining values of the residual stress either continuously or a suitable time throughout the test. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. In experimental structural geology, the release of applied stress with time, due to any of various creep processes b. In an elastic medium, the decrease of elastic restoring force under applied stress, resulting in permanent deformation c. Relief of stress by creep. Some types of tests are designed to provide diminution of stress by relaxation at constant strain, as frequently occurs in service d. The decrease of load support and of internal stress because of plasticstrain at constant deformation. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: RelaxationSynonyms: ease (n), easiness (n), liberalisation (n), liberalization (n), loosening (n), relaxation behavior (n), repose (n), rest (n), slackening (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Amusement | Relaxation; leisure. |
Coherence | Noun: nonadhesion; immiscibility; incoherence; looseness; Adjective: laxity; relaxation; loosening; Verb: freedom; disjunction; rope of sand. |
Dereliction of Duty | Noun: dereliction of duty; fault; (guilt); sin; (vice); non-observance, non-performance; neglect, relaxation, infraction, violation, transgression, failure, evasion; dead letter. |
Inactivity | Dull work; pottering; relaxation; (loosening); Castle of Indolence. |
Laxity | Anarchy, interregnum; relaxation; loosening; Verb: remission; dead letter, brutum fulmen, misrule; license, licentiousness; insubordination; (disobedience); lynch law; (illegality); nihilism, reign of violence. |
Leisure | Noun: leisure; convenience; spare time, spare hours, spare moments; vacant hour; time, time to spare, time on one's hands; holiday, relaxation; (rest); otium cum dignitate, ease. |
Moderation | Moderating; Verb: anaphrodisia; relaxation, remission, mitigation, tranquilization, assuagement, contemporation, pacification. |
Repose | Relaxation, breathing time; halt, stay, pause; (cessation); respite. |
Weakness | Noun: weakness; Adjective: debility, atony, relaxation, languor, enervation; impotence; infirmity; effeminacy, feminality; fragility, flaccidity; inactivity. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | From now on I'm going to employ relaxation techniques to turn off stress river and mosey gently down contentment creek. (Drop the Dead Donkey; writing credit: Andy Hamilton; Guy Jenkin) Trouble with you is you don't enjoy the game for its own rewards: stimulation, relaxation, pleasant association, and interesting conversation. (The Comancheros; writing credit: James Edward Grant; Clair Huffaker) | |
Clever | Adult Education Topic: How to be the ideal shopping companion. Relaxation, exercises, meditation and breathing techniques. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Relaxation (1919) Barefoot Relaxation (2002) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A little relaxation at Bear Springs Camp Easy come- Easy go --- Shooting craps on a day off Triangulation party of Wilbur Porter.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | U.S. American National Red Cross Hospital No.4, Liverpool, England. : Interior view- Nurses sitting room for rest and relaxation.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Sitting on the front porch after a hard day's work may be a dangerous form of relaxation ... / [P.Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by Marthey].. |  | Sitting on the front porch after a hard day's work may be a dangerous form of relaxation ... / [P.Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by Marthey].. |
 | Eat nutritious food. Find fun in exercise. Sleep and relaxation. Cleanliness.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Boats of SubDiv 17, Asiatic Fleet, moored alongside USS Canopus (AS-9) at Tsingtao, China, circa 1930. Identifiable submarines present include S-39 (SS-144), S-37 (SS-142) and S-41 (SS-146). The boat closest to the camera is probably S-36 (SS-141). Note Sailors on deck in various states of relaxation, several Chinese men on board the submarines, SubDiv 17 insignia painted on conning towers, and 4"/50 deck guns.Credit: NAVY. |
 | It's the same man. Obtaining complete relaxation and mental refreshment -- in order to withstand ...Credit: Library of Congress. |  | California shipyard workers. En route to the shipyards across the bay, tin-hatted San Francisco war workers have time for relaxation and discussion on the fourty-five minute ferry ride to the Richmond Shipbuilding Company yards.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Worker of J.E. Goode and Sons, Harrisonburg, takes time out for relaxation. This is one of the flourishing shops in the Valley.Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Play | Caption |
 | Tropics; equatorial; hot; humid; lush; steamy; sticky; stifling; sultry; sweat box; sweltering; torrid; tropic; vacation; relaxation; . |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Oscar Wilde | One should not be too severe on English novels; they are the only relaxation of the intellectually unemployed. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Use relaxation techniques. (references) | |
Try meditation or other relaxation methods. (references) | ||
RLS symptoms worsen during periods of relaxation and decreased activity. (references) | ||
Business | This demand is expected to increase with the recent relaxation of exchange controls, which will engender greater foreign competition. (references) | |
Its major brands include the ginseng supplement Red Kooga, the calcium product Calcia, and sleep and relaxation aids Natrasleep and Natracalm. (references) | ||
This latest relaxation is part of the plan to provide consumers with alternatives and to open up the market so that prices can remain competitive. (references) | ||
Children | Lithuania | In December "a punishment cell" was eliminated in one of these care houses, and a psychologist's post and a relaxation room were set up. Child abuse in connection with alcohol abuse by parents also was a serious problem. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Syria | While this relaxation of censorship did not extend to domestic politics or foreign policy issues, it was a notable departure from past practice. (references) |
Economic History | Tunisia | NEVERTHELESS, THERE NOW APPEARS TO BE A PARTIAL RELAXATION OF THIS POLICY. (references) |
Human Rights | China | In addition the rules state that "unplanned pregnancies must be aborted immediately." Over the past few years, authorities have initiated experiments to relax family planning targets in several counties and have announced plans to expand this relaxation. (references) |
Political Economy | Zambia | Although there were indications of some relaxation, the Government generally continued to restrict press freedom. (references) |
HONG KONG | The Hong Kong Monetary Authority has promised to consider further relaxation of this limit in 2001. In the meantime, foreign banks can acquire local banks that have unlimited branching rights. (references) | |
Political Rights | Burma | Late in 2000, with encouragement from then-U.N. Special Representative Ismail Razali, the Government initiated talks with Aung San Suu Kyi that produced some relaxation in the restrictions on the NLD. In addition the NLD was able to resume some activities, and press attacks on the NLD and Aung San Suu Kyi ceased. (references) |
Trade | Brazil | Following a relaxation of policy in late 1998 reflecting Brazil's progress in making up arrears payments to U.S. Government lenders, a Brazilian public sector entity may be the end-user, obligor, or guarantor of financing provided with Export-Import Bank assistance. (references) |
Thailand | On May 27, 1999, the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand announced a one-year investment incentive package to encourage direct investment in three new industrial estates (the Southern Industrial Estate in Chalung, Songkhla Province; the Pichit Industrial Estate in Pichit Province; and the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate's new community zone) . The package provides up to 30 percent discount on land sales and rents, exemption of the first-year rental and maintenance fee, payment extensions and relaxation on collateral. (references) | |
Travel | Taiwan | Since the relaxation of foreign currency controls in 1987, exchange between foreign currency and the NT$ has become relatively free, although exchange is still limited to authorized banks and dealers. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | Every relaxation of narrow and rigorous policy, wherever it has been tried, has been found to assauge the disease. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | We should like to continue the exchange of views on the prohibition of atomic and thermonuclear weapons, general disarmament, and other problems relating to the relaxation of international tension. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | A new and substantial effort must be made to landscape highways to provide places of relaxation and recreation wherever our roads run. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Chairman Brezhnev repeatedly has stressed that the competition of ideas and systems must continue and that this is entirely consistent with relaxation of tensions and peace. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Relaxation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.64% of the time. "Relaxation" is used about 1,122 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.64% | 1,118 | 6,806 |
| Noun (common) | 0.36% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,122 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "relaxation". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Raphah | N/A | Biblical | Relaxation |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "relaxation": Muscle Relaxation ♦ relaxation behavior ♦ relaxation of a document ♦ relaxation place ♦ Relaxation Techniques ♦ relaxation time. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "relaxation": stress-relaxation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "relaxation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | zvogëlim (decrease, detraction, diminution, lessening, mitigation, reduction, understatement), zbutje (alleviation, amortization, appeasement, attenuation, creep, domestication, extenuation, maceration, malaxation, mitigation, mollification, propitiation, reclamation, relief, softening), ulje (commutation, cut, cutback, decrease, degradation, depression, derogation, descent, diminution, disparagement, down, drop, falling, immersion, inclination, knee bend, landing, modulation, rebate, reduction, sinking), pushim (break, cease, cessation, chuck, discharge, dismissal, dismission, intermission, leave, letup, outage, pause, playtime, recess, recreation, reprieve, respite, rest, standstill, stoppage), lirim (clearing, discharge, disentanglement, dismissal, dismission, freeing, immunity, release), lehtësim (attenuation, easement, extenuation, facilitation, mitigation, palliation, release, relief, remission, softening, solace), argëtim (amusement, cabaret, dissipation, distraction, diversion, divertissement, entertainment, fun, jamboree, merriment, merrymaking, pastime, ploy, razzle-dazzle, recreation, revel, rollick, sport, sporting, spree, tittup), çlodhje (diversion, ease, recreation, recuperation, refreshment, reposal, repose, rest), çlirim nga gjoba. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تلين, تسلية (amusement, dissipation, distraction, diversion, entertainment, pastime, play, rec, recreation, resource, sport), إستجمام (recreation, recuperation), إسترخاء (prolate, repose), إرخاء. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | развлечение (amusement, avocation, distraction, divertissement, enjoyment, fun, pastime, pleasure, recreation, resource, sport), отхлабване, отмора (diversion, recreation, reprieve, respite, rest), отпускане (allocation, appropriation, grant, issue, release, rendering, thaw), отдих (leisure, repose, reprieve, respite, rest, truce), намаляване (abatement, abridgement, attenuation, ax, axe, comminution, contraction, decrement, deduction, degression, depletion, diminution, dipping, impairment, lessening, reduction, shrinkage, wane), намаление на наказание. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 弛豫. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | relaxace, rekreace (holidays, recreation), uvolnìní (disengagement, easing, release, relief, thaw, undoing, vacation), odpoèinek (repose, rest, stop). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | relaxering, relaxation, relaksation (decontraction, muscle relaxation, myorelaxation), spændingsrelaksation, lempelse af dokumentparametre (relaxation of a document), afspænding, afslappelse, afslapning. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | relaxeren, relaxatio (decontraction, muscle relaxation, myorelaxation), relaxatie van een document (relaxation of a document), relaxatie (decontraction, muscle relaxation, myorelaxation), relax, verslapping (decontraction, muscle relaxation, myorelaxation), uitspanning van een document (relaxation of a document), uitspanning (inn, relaxation of a document, tavern), spanningsvermindering, ontspanning (decontraction, distraction, diversion, muscle relaxation, myorelaxation, recovery, release). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | تمدداعصاب , تخفیف (Discount, Rebate, Refraction, Remission, Slake), سست سازی , استراحت (Breather, Repose, Respite, Rest). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | relaksaatio, jännitysten poistuminen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | relaxation (relaxing), relâchement (release), assouplissement (relaxation of a document). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Entspannung (catharsis, détente, detente, easing, expansion, flashing, recreation, reduction of tension, relaxation of stresses, release, release of stresses, slackening, stress relieving, stress-relief annealing, unbending, untightening). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | ξεκούραση (breather, rest), χαλάρωση (abatement, decontraction, easing, looseness, loosening, muscle relaxation, myorelaxation, relaxation of a document, releasing, slackening, slackening of springs, slackness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | פורקן (redemption, release, relief, salvation, vent), "תפי'ות, "פ'" (abatement, easing, respite), "רפי" (letting loose, tempering), ר'יע" (calm, tranquillity), ר'וע (at ease, calm, cool, placid, relaxed, serene, tranquil, unruffled), ופש (recreation, relaxing, taking rest). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | meglazítás, kikapcsolódás (disengagement, dissipation, distraction, escapism, resource). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | istirahat (pause, recess, repose). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | rilassamento (catharsis, detente, slack). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 骨休め (recess, recreation), リューマチ熱 (backpack, bullpen car, bullpen cart, lilas, lily skirt, linker, Lyon, lyophilization, lyric, lyrical, lyricism, relation, relational, relax, relay, relay race, release, relief, relief pitcher, relocation service, rewind, rewrite, rheumatic fever, rucksack), 慰安 (solace), 気散じ (diversion, recreation), "念 (ease), 息抜き (taking a breather, vent hole), 弛緩 (flaccid), 休息 (relief, rest). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | リラクゼーション , リラクセーション , きさ"じ (diversion, recreation), しか" (admonishingat the cost of ones life, chronicler, collection of poems, crown of a tooth, eclampsia, flaccid, giving up illusions and attaining enlightenment, government service, historical view, officer, personal impression, samurai's service), きゅうそく (pace, rapid, relief, rest, resting, speed of a pitched ball), ほねやすめ (recess, recreation), ほうね" (bumper harvest, ease, fruitful year), いきぬき (taking a breather, vent hole), いあ" (solace), ちか" (flaccid, masher, molester, pervert, substitute). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 이완 (relaxing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | lhaggaghey (abate, abatement, bate, depress, dim, drop away, ease, ease off, fade, fade out, flag, mitigate; flagging, mitigation, reduce, reduction, relax, write down), boggaghey (aspirate, dissolve, ease, elide, elision, macerate, maceration, moisten, push off, relax, soften, steep, tone down). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | elaxationray relaxamento (laxity, looseness). (various references) repaos, relaxare (easy, laxity, let down), uşurare (alleviation, assuagement, ease, grizzle, palliation, release, relief, solace), odihnã (calm, comfort, ease, pause, peace, refreshment, reposal, repose, rest, restfulness, sleep), destindere (leisure, rebound, recoil, recreation). (various references) релаксация. (various references) relaksacija, razonoda (amusement, avocation, dalliance, diversion, divertissement, leisure, pastime, recreation), popuštanje (backdown, give, remission, yield), opuštanje (release), labavljenje. (various references) relajación (decontraction, easing, looseness, muscle relaxation, myorelaxation, relaxation of a document). (various references) avkoppling (distraction, diversion). (various references) การผ่อนคลาย (mitigation). (various references) rahatlama (relief, reprieve), yumuşatma (emasculation), hafifletme (appeasement, commutation, extenuation, lightening, mitigation, modulation, palliation, relief, remission), gevşetme (pull off), gevşeme (let up, loosening, slackening), eğlence (amusement, bash, beano, blow out, carnival, conviviality, distraction, diversion, entertainment, festivity, fete, frolic, fun, gag, gaiety, high jinks, jamboree, jollification, jolliness, jollity, merriment, merrymaking, party, pastime, play, plaything, racket, recreation, recreational, rejoicing, revel, saturnalia, setout, sport), dinlenme (breathing space, recreation, recumbency, repose, respite, rest). (various references) dynз (rest). (various references) розслаблення (relaxing), релаксація, відпочинок (bait, blow, comfort, recreation, refreshment, repose, resource, rest, sabbath, vacation), пом'якшення (alleviation, appeasement, assuagement, easement, give, mitigation, mollification, palatalization, reduction, relaxing, softening). (various references) sự nới lỏng, sự lơi ra. (various references) ymollyngdod (collapse). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | resolutionis, solutionem. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "relaxation": relaxations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Relaxation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: relactation, relagation, relaxating. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "relaxation" (pronounced rē'laksā"shun) |
| 7 | -a k s ā" sh u n | taxation. |
| 6 | -k s ā" sh u n | annexation, fixation, indexation, subluxation. |
| 5 | -s ā" sh u n | cessation, compensation, condensation, conversation, dispensation, sensation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-e-i-l-n-o-r-t-x" | |
-1 letter: alienator, rationale. | |
-2 letters: aeration, anorexia, laxation, notarial, oriental, rational, relation, relaxant. | |
-3 letters: aeolian, aileron, alation, alienor, elation, latrine, oxalate, ratline, relaxin, reliant, retinal, retinol, toenail, trenail. | |
-4 letters: aerial, alexia, alexin, aliner, anoxia, antiar, antler, antral, aortae, aortal, areola, aroint, atonal, atoner, atrial, axonal, entail, entoil, eolian, etalon, lanate, lariat, larine, latino, latria, learnt, linear. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-e-i-l-n-o-r-t-x" | |
+1 letter: relaxations. | |
+2 letters: exhilaration. | |
+3 letters: exhilarations, explanatorily, explorational, extrapolating, extrapolation. | |
+4 letters: extrapolations. | |
+5 letters: decarboxylating, decarboxylation, externalisation, externalization, extraordinarily, interparoxysmal. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)52 65 6C 61 78 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).-. . .-.. .- -..- .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010010 01100101 01101100 01100001 01111000 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)R e l a x a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0052 0065 006C 0061 0078 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)52717867906786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Sounds | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Names: Derived from 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Orthography 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
