Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Reforestation |
ReforestationNoun1. The restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or cutting. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Food & Agriculture | The reestablishment of forest cover either naturally(by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers)or artificially(by direct seeding or planting). Source: European Union. (references) |
Weather | Replanting of forests on lands that have recently been harvested. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
However, in many arid and tropical areas, forests are often unable to re-establish themselves without assistance due to a variety of environmental factors. One of these factors is that, once forest cover is destroyed in arid zones, the land quickly dries out and becomes inhospitable to new tree growth. Other critical factors include overgrazing by livestock, especially animals such as goats, and over-harvesting of forest resources by native populations or outside businesses. In some tropical areas, the removal of forest cover may result in a duricrust or duripan that effectively seal off the soil to water penetration and root growth.
In some areas, reforestation can easily be accomplished by the mass planting of tree seedlings. In other areas, mechanical breaking up of duripans or duricrusts is necessary, careful and continued watering may be essential, and special protection, such as fencing, may be required.
One great problem with reforestation is that, whereas the original forests often featured significant biodiversity, the replacement trees are often of only one or a few kinds, without the re-establishment of the other plants and animals that is required for a healthy ecosystem. When only one kind of tree (or other plant) is planted, the resulting system is called a monoculture.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reforestation."
Synonym: ReforestationSynonym: re-afforestation (n). (additional references) |
| Synonyms by domain: reafforestation (food & agriculture, environment), re-afforestation. |
Crosswords: Reforestation |
| English words defined with "reforestation": Cupressus macrocarpa ♦ Monterey cypress. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "reforestation": brush management ♦ ground clearance, ground clearing ♦ McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962 ♦ scrub clearance, SOIL CONSERVATIONIST. (references) |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Reforestation work. Ross-Hocking land project, Ohio.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Men planting trees on reforestation area of the Withlacoochee Land Use Project, Florida.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Family group, Yankoskis, standing by their front door. A log house. Beltrami Island reforestation project, Minnesota.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Yankoski children ready to leave for school in ancient wagon. Beltrami Island reforestation project, Minnesota.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | View of house. Beltrami Island reforestation project, Minnesota.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | The Cornelius stable covered with manure. Note the rough corral on the right. Beltrami Island reforestation project, Minnesota.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Father and daughter on resettled farm. Beltami Island reforestation project, Minnesota.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Cut-over land, now in the process of reseeding by state forest service. Planted about February 1, 1936. Beltrami Island reforestation project, Minnesota.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Trees in a reforestation project, Md.?.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Timber, reforestation project, Md. (?).Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Civil Liberties | China | Official poverty alleviation programs, and major state projects such as building the Three Gorges Dam and environmental or reforestation projects, include forced evacuation of persons to new residences. (references) |
Political Economy | India | Where such proposed projects will have a major impact on the environment, local NGOs and political pressure groups often turn the projects into political footballs, citing rehabilitation, reforestation and emission norms as reasons for withholding clearance. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Reforestation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Reforestation" is used about 34 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 34 | 59,261 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
reforestation | 86 |
reforestation technology | 11 |
fist reforestation | 7 |
reforestation tree | 3 |
reforestation project | 3 |
reforestation summit | 3 |
outland reforestation | 3 |
apex reforestation | 2 |
reforestation skookum | 2 |
information reforestation | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "reforestation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 重新 林. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | skovrejsning (reafforestation), gentilplantning (reafforestation), genplantning af skov (reafforestation), genplantning (reafforestation), genbeplantning af skov (reafforestation), foryngelse (reafforestation, rejuvenation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | herbebossing (reafforestation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | احیای جنگل . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | uudistaminen (reafforestation, regeneration), metsittäminen (afforestation, reafforestation), metsän uudistaminen (reafforestation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | restauration forestière (reafforestation), reforestation (reafforestation), reconstitution forestière (reafforestation), reconstitution (reconstitution, reconstruction, retrodiction), reboisement (reafforestation), régénération des forêts (reafforestation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Aufforstung (afforestation, reafforestation, restocking, retimbering). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αναδάσωση (afforestation, forestation, reafforestation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | rimboschimento (afforestation, reafforestation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 재조림. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | eforestationray rearborização (afforestation, reafforestation). (various references) восстановление лесных массивов, лесонасаждение (afforest, afforestation). (various references) repoblación forestal (afforestation, reafforestation). (various references) skogsföryngring (reafforestation), återbeskogning (reafforestation). (various references) заліснення. (various references) sự tr"ng cây gây rừng lại. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "reforestation": reforestations. (additional references) | |
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"Reforestation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: refermentation, refratition. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "reforestation" (pronounced rē'fôrustā"shun) |
| 8 | -r u s t ā" sh u n | crustacean, deforestation, incrustation. |
| 7 | -u s t ā" sh u n | devastation. |
| 6 | -s t ā" sh u n | gestation, infestation, manifestation, molestation, protestation, station, superstation. |
| 5 | -t ā" sh u n | accreditation, adaptation, affectation, agitation, amputation, annotation, argumentation, augmentation, cetacean, citation, cogitation, cohabitation, computation, confrontation, connotation, consultation, decapitation, deportation, dictation, dilatation, disorientation, disputation, dissertation, documentation, equitation, excitation, exhortation, expectation, experimentation, exploitation, facilitation, fermentation, flirtation, flotation, fragmentation, gravitation, habitation, hesitation, imitation, implantation, implementation, importation, imputation, incantation, incapacitation, indentation, inhabitation, instrumentation, interpretation, invitation, irritation, lactation, levitation, limitation, meditation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mutation, notation, orientation, ornamentation, ostentation, palpitation, permutation, pigmentation, plantation, precipitation, premeditation, presentation, quotation, recantation, recitation, refutation, regimentation, rehabilitation, reinterpretation, representation, reputation, resuscitation, rotation, sanitation, sedimentation, segmentation, solicitation, temptation, transplantation, transportation, vegetation, visitation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, animation, annexation, annihilation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, characterization, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, deviation, differentiation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, dispensation, disqualification, dissemination, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, falsification, fascination, federation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gyration, hallucination, harmonization, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implication, impregnation, improvisation, inactivation, inauguration, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incubation, indemnification, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, legalization, legislation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, origination, oscillation, ossification, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, predestination, prefabrication, preoccupation, preparation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recapitalization, recertification, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reformation, refrigeration, regeneration, registration, regulation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, repudiation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-e-f-i-n-o-o-r-r-s-t-t" | |
-2 letters: forestation, restoration. | |
-3 letters: orientates, rainforest, storefront. | |
-4 letters: fatteners, festinate, fetations, feteritas, firestone, foretaste, frontiers, nitrators, oratories, orientate, orneriest, ratooners, ratteners, reinstate, reorients, resonator, restraint, retainers, retirants, retrofits, rooftrees, rotations, rotatores, serration, stationer, tenorites, ternaries, torrefies. | |
-5 letters: anisette, anterior, antrorse, arenites, ariettes, arnottos, arsenite, arteries, earstone, entreats, fainters, faintest, farinose, fastener, fattener, fenestra, ferniest, ferrates, ferrites, fetation, feterita, fistnote, footiest, footrest, forester, fosterer, fretters, frettier, frisette, fritters, frontier, frostier, infester, inserter, insetter, interest, intreats, introrse, iterates, nitrates, nitrator, noisette, notaries, oestrone, oftenest, oneriest, orations, ostinato, rarefies, ratooner, ratteens, rattener, rattoons, reasoner, refasten, refiners, reforest, refrains, refronts, reinsert, reinters, rentiers, reorient, resinate, resonate, restrain, retainer, retirant, retrains, retreats, retrofit, rooftree, rootiest, rostrate, rotaries, rotation, rotators, rotifers, rottener, seafront, senorita, serotine, snootier, snottier, softener, sororate, stearine, sternite, strainer, straiten, straiter, strontia, tarriest, teariest, tenorist, tenorite, teosinte, terrains, terranes, terrines, tertians, tetanies, tetanise, toastier, torrents, tortoise, tortonis, trainees, trainers, traitors, transfer, treaters, treaties, treatise, trientes, tritones. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-e-f-i-n-o-o-r-r-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: reforestations. | |
+2 letters: reafforestation. | |
+3 letters: reafforestations. | |
+5 letters: overfertilizations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)52 65 66 6F 72 65 73 74 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).-. . ..-. --- .-. . ... - .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010010 01100101 01100110 01101111 01110010 01100101 01110011 01110100 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)R e f o r e s t a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0052 0065 0066 006F 0072 0065 0073 0074 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)52717281847185866786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Usage Frequency 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Derivations 11. Rhymes 12. Anagrams | 13. Orthography 14. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
