Redundancy

Definitions: Redundancy

Redundancy

Noun

1. Repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmission.

2. The attribute of being superfluous and unneeded; "the use of industrial robots created redundancy among workers".

3. (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails.

4. Repetition of an act needlessly.

Date "redundancy" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references)

Domain	Definitions
Computing	Redundancy 1. The provision of multiple interchangeable components to perform a single function in order to cope with failures and errors. Redundancy normally applies primarily to hardware. For example, one might install two or even three computers to do the same job. There are several ways these could be used. They could all be active all the time thus giving extra performance through parallel processing as well as extra availability; one could be active and the others simply monitoring its activity so as to be ready to take over if it failed ("warm standby"); the "spares" could be kept turned off and only switched on when needed ("cold standby"). Another common form of hardware redundancy is disk mirroring. Redundancy can also be used to detect and recover from errors, either in hardware or software. A well known example of this is the cyclic redundancy check which adds redundant data to a block in order to detect corruption during storage or transmission. If the cost of errors is high enough, e.g. in a safety-critical system, redundancy may be used in both hardware AND software with three separate computers programmed by three separate teams and some system to check that they all produce the same answer, or some kind of majority voting system. 2. The proportion of a message's gross information content that can be eliminated without losing essential information. Technically, redundancy is one minus the ratio of the actual uncertainty to the maximum uncertainty. This is the fraction of the structure of the message which is determined not by the choice of the sender, but rather by the accepted statistical rules governing the choice of the symbols in question. [Shannon and Weaver, 1948, p. l3] [Better explanation?] (1995-05-09). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Aerospace	1. In information theory: of a source, the amount by which the logarithm of the number of Symbols available at the source exceeds the average information content per Symbol of the source. The term redundancy has been used loosely in other senses. For example, a source whose output is normally transmitted over a given channel has been called redundant, if the channel utilization index is less than unity. 2. The existence of more than one means for accomplishing a given task, where all means must fail before there is an overall failure to the system.Parallel redundancy applies to systems where both means are working at the same time to accomplish the task, and either of the system is capable of handling the job itself in case of failure of the other system. Standby redundancy applies to a system where there is an alternative means of accomplishing the task that is switched in by a malfunction sensing device when the primary system fails. (references)
Meteorology & Standards	In an item, the existence of more than one means for performing a given function. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

In engineering, redundancy is the duplication of critical components of a system with the intention of increasing reliability of the system. In safety-critical systems, such as fly-by-wire aircraft, some parts of the control system may be triplicated. An error in one component then may then be out-voted by the other two. See safety engineering. In information theory, redundancy is the number of bits used to transmit a message minus the number of bits of actual information in the message. Data compression is a way to eliminate such redundancy. See also:

Tautology
Pleonasm

In employment law, redundancy is the dismissal of an employee when his or her job becomes unnecessary. UK redundancy law allows three reasons for redundancy:

Total cessation of the employer's business (whether permanently or temporarily)
Cessation of business at the employee's workplace
Reduction in the number of workers required to do a particular job.

The law requires the employer to make a statutory redundancy payment, which is tax-free and is based on the employee's length of service, as long as the employee has served a minimum of two years. The employee is not allowed to claim redundancy if he or she was offered an alternative position with similar salary, status and responsibilities.

Synonym: Redundancy

Synonym: redundance (n). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Diffuseness	Polylogy, tautology, battology, perissology; pleonasm, exuberance, redundancy; thrice-told tale; prolixity; circumlocution, ambages; periphrase, periphrasis; roundabout phrases; episode; expletive; pennya-lining; richness.
Redundancy	Noun: redundancy, redundance; too much, too many; superabundance, superfluity, superfluence, saturation; nimiety, transcendency, exuberance, profuseness; profusion; (plenty); repletion, enough in all conscience, satis superque, lion's share; more than enough; plethora, engorgement, congestion, load, surfeit, sickener; turgescence; (expansion); overdose, overmeasure, oversupply, overflow; inundation; (water); avalanche.
Repetition	Noun: repetition, iteration, reiteration, harping, recurrence, succession, run; battology, tautology; monotony, tautophony; rhythm; diffuseness, pleonasm, redundancy.
Sufficiency	Outpouring; flood; (great quantity); tide; (river); repletion; (redundancy); satiety.
Superiority	Supremacy, preeminence; lead; maximum; record; gr/trikumia/, climax; culmination; (summit); transcendence; ne plus ultra; lion's share, Benjamin's mess; excess, surplus; (remainder); (redundancy).
Transcursion	Noun: transcursion, transiliency, transgression; trespass; encroachment, infringement; extravagation, transcendence; redundancy.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Yeah, see this is why the whole redundancy thing doesn't bother me. If I have to work with him another day, right, I'm just going to, I will I will slit my throat. (The Office; writing credit: Ricky Gervais; Stephen Merchant)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
Books	Effects of Damage and Redundancy on Structural Performance (reference) Parallel Systems: Redundancy in Government (reference) Redundancy and paternalist capitalism: a study in the sociology of work (reference) Redundancy of Courage (reference) Retraining not redundancy : innovative approaches to industrial restructuring in Germany and France (reference) (more book examples)

High Tech	Redundant 350w Ac Power Module-required for 1+1 Power Redundancy (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		With specific anti-HCV testing, the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis was equivalent in groups receiving blood screened with or without surrogate markers, pointing to the redundancy of ALT testing. (references)
Business		The Phoenix Consortium, headed by John Towers, a former Rover executive, has received $800 million in "repayable credits" to help deal with redundancy and pension obligations expected from the 1,000 jobs that Rover will likely shed. As part of the deal, Phoenix will continue the production of Rover 25 and 45 models, the MGF sports car, and the current Mini at Longbridge (though only in the short term - BMW plans to roll out a new mini). (references)
Economic History	Japan	Japan's distribution system is complex, labor-intensive, and filled with seeming redundancy. (references)
	Australia	Many local companies are looking to third party hosting providers to provide expert security, site redundancy, and managed services for their Internet site assets. (references)
	Singapore	Employees with three years' continuous service with an employer may claim benefits if they are retrenched on the grounds of redundancy or reorganization of the company. (references)
Political Economy	Spain	Companies in Spain faced with economic difficulties have problems downsizing staff and encounter Social Security and redundancy payments. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
James Madison	1809-1817	The fruits of the seasons, though in particular articles and districts short of their usual redundancy, are more than sufficient for our wants and our comforts.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

"Redundancy" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.91% of the time. "Redundancy" is used about 1,081 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.91%	1,080	6,967
Noun (common)	0.09%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	1,081	N/A

Expressions using "redundancy": block Redundancy Check ♦ cyclic redundancy check ♦ cyclic redundancy code ♦ longitudinal Redundancy Check ♦ redundancy money ♦ redundancy pay ♦ redundancy payment ♦ vertical Redundancy Check. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "redundancy": redundancy-money.
	Ending with "redundancy": no-redundancy, post-redundancy.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "redundancy"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		tepricë (margin, odd-come-short, over, overage, overbalance, overflow, overmeasure, overplus, overrun, overstock, redundance, remain, remainder, remains, remnant, residual, residue, surplus, surplusage), tepri (excess, exuberance, exuberancy, glut, overplus, redundance, superabundance, superfluity, surfeit), bollëk (abundance, affluence, ampleness, amplitude, exuberance, exuberancy, flowing, galore, opulence, plenitude, plenty, plethora, profusion, redundance, riches, richness, store, superfluity, wealth). (various references)

Arabic		‏فصل من العمل (redundance, terminate, termination), ‏وفرة (abundance, affluence, amplitude, exuberance, generosity, glut, liberality, opulence, opulent, plenty, profusion, pullulation, redundance, richness, superfluity, wealth), ‏غزارة (abundance, exuberance, grubbiness, massiveness, opulence, plenty, profusion, redundance, superabundance, wealth), ‏حشو (charging, dressing, filling, loading, pleonasm, redundance, stuffing, tautology), ‏زيادة عن الحاجة (redundance), ‏زيادة (addition, augment, augmentation, boost, enhancement, excess, expansion, growing, increase, increment, over, overflow, overmuch, plethora, plus, raise, redundance, rise, superfluity, top up), ‏إسهاب (amplification, diffusion, dilatation, dilation, enlargement, lengthiness, magnification, periphrasis, prolixity, prolongation, protraction, redundance, verbosity), ‏إسراف (exaggeration, excess, flamboyance, flamboyancy, improvidence, intemperance, luxury, prodigality, profligacy, profusion, redundance, squandering), ‏إطناب (diffusion, periphrasis, prolixity, redundance, verbosity). (various references)

Bulgarian		свръхинформация (redundance), редунтантност (redundance), многословие (diffusion, padding, prolixity, redundance, verbalism, verbiage, verbosity, wordiness), претрупаност (flamboyance, fussiness, luxuriance, redundance), плеоназъм (pleonasm, redundance), изобилие (abundance, affluence, amplitude, exuberance, fertility, flush, flushness, galore, lashings, liberality, luxuriance, opulence, plenitude, prodigality, productiveness, productivity, profusion, quantities, quantity, raft, redundance, richness, spate, store, superfluity, teeming), излишък (excess, overage, overbalance, overflow, overmeasure, overplus, overspill, profusion, redundance, spilth, superabundance, superfluity, surplus, surplusage), излишество (plethora, redundance, superfluity, surfeit). (various references)

Chinese		多余 (Needless, unnecessary). (various references)

Czech		nadstav (redundance), nadpoèet (redundance), nadbytek (abundance, affluence, glut, opulence, overplus, plenty, profusion, redundance, store, superabundance, superfluity, surplus), hojnost (abundance, affluence, ampleness, exuberance, exuberancy, galore, lashings, legion, opulence, plenitude, plenty, profusion, redundance, riches, superfluity). (various references)

Danish		redundans, dublering (doubling, folding, shadowing), arbejdsløshed p.g.a.virksomhedslukning eller personaleindskrænking. (various references)

Dutch		redundantie (redundance), meervoudigheid, ingebouwde reserve-mogelijkheden. (various references)

Esperanto		maldunga aranĝo (redundancy pay, redundancy scheme, severance scheme). (various references)

Farsi		فراوانی (Abundance, Affluence, Amplitude, Lavish, Plenty, Profusion, Superabundance), حشو (Redundant), سخن (Lip, Locution, Pronunciation, Speech, Utterance, Word, Yap), زاءد (Extra, Further, Superfluous, Surplus, Waste), افزونگی , اطناب (Verbiage), ربع (Quarter). (various references)

Finnish		varmennus (certification, confirmation, corroboration, verification). (various references)

French		tautologie, redondance (redundance). (various references)

German		Redundanz (redundance, redundant operation, redundant unit), Weitschweifigkeit (circumlocution, diffuseness, long-windedness, prolixity, redundance). (various references)

Greek		πλεονασμόσ (pleonasm, redundance, superfluity), πλεονασμός (redundance), εφεδρεία μέσων, εφεδρεία (militia, relay, reserve). (various references)

Hebrew		יתור (excess, superfluity), עו�"פות, עו�"ף (balance, excess, left over, plus, redundance, superfluous, surfeit, surplus), �'ו�"ש (abundance, affluence, glut, pile, plenitude, profusion, redundance, repletion, surfeit). (various references)

Hungarian		szószaporítás (circumlocution, logorrhea, prolixity, redundance, rigmarole, tautology, verbiage), terjengősség (exuberance, exuberancy, redundance), többlet (excess, overplus, plus, rasher, redundance, surplus), szóhalmozás (pleonasm, redundance), pleonazmus (redundance), nagy gazdagság (redundance), felesleg (balance in hand, excess, overflow, redundance, surplus, surplusage), dagályosság (bombast, flatulence, fustian, magniloquence, pomposity, pompousness, redundance, rotundity, tympany), bőbeszédűség (garrulity, garrulousness, redundance, talkativeness, verbiage). (various references)

Italian		ridondanza (redundance). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		蛇足 (uselessness, utter superfluousness). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ぜい�'�" (a tax source, verbosity), じゅうふく (duplication, overlapping, repetition, restoration), じょうぶつ (become a Buddha, die, enter Nirvana, go to heaven, rest in peace, superfluity), じょうぶ�" (an imperial hearing, provisions, text, the foregoing), じょう�" (drinker's habits, funnel, heavy drinker, syllable repetition), じょうちょうど, じょうちょうせい, じょうちょう (a senior, an elder, atmosphere, mood, one's superior, sentiment, tedious, verbose), ちょうふく (duplication, overlapping, repetition, restoration), � そく (uselessness, utter superfluousness). (various references)

Korean		중복 (Duplicating). (various references)

Manx		neuymmyrch. (various references)

Pig Latin		edundancyray

Portuguese		redundância (carry over, redundance, surplusage). (various references)

Romanian		redundanţã (redundance), tautologie (redundance, tautology), surplus (carry over, excess, gash, overplus, overspill, redundance, surcharge, surplus), pleonasm (perissology, pleonasm, redundance), exces (abuse, excess, intemperance, nimiety, redundance, riot, riotousness, superfluity, surfeit, transgression, violence), excedent (excess, redundance, superfluity, surplus), abundenţã (abundance, ampleness, array, diffuseness, exuberance, exuberancy, flow, luxuriance, opulence, plenty, profusion, redundance, riches, richness, rifeness). (various references)

Russian		чрезмерность (exorbitance, exorbitancy, extremity, redundance), многословие (padding, prolixity, redundance, verbalism, verbiage, verbosity, wordiness), избыток (abundance, excess, exuberance, exuberancy, glut, overabundance, overage, overflow, overplus, overstock, oversupply, redundance, superabundance, superfluity, surplusage). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		redundancija (redundance), suvišnost (excessivness, redundance), otpuštanje (bounce, discharge, dismissal, dismission, lay off, redundance), izlišnost (otioseness, otiosity, redundance, superfluity). (various references)

Spanish		redundancia (redundance). (various references)

Swedish		överskott (carry over, excess, in excess, margin, overbalance, overflow, overplus, residue, surplus). (various references)

Turkish		yazıdaki tekrar oranı (redundance), laf kalabalığı (exuberance, exuberancy, flux of words, redundance, spiel, verbalism, verbiage, verbosity), ihtiyaç fazlası oluş (redundance), gereksiz çokluk (redundance), gereğinden fazla olma (redundance). (various references)

Ukranian		скорочення штатів (redundance), надмірність (excess, excessiveness, exorbitance, exorbitancy, extreme, nimiety, plethora, profusion, rampancy, redundance, surfeit), надлишок (excess, glut, nimiety, over, overage, overbalance, overflow, overmeasure, overplus, redundance, spillover, superfluity, surfeit). (various references)

Vietnamese		sự thừa (nimiety, redundance). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	nimietate, redundantia. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Misspellings
	"Redundancy" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: redandancy, redundan, redundance, redundans, redundency, retardancy. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "redundancy" (pronounced rudu"ndunsē)
6	-n d u n s ē	ascendancy, ascendency, dependency, despondency, tendency.
5	-d u n s ē	presidency, residency, stridency.
4	-u n s ē	absorbency, accountancy, agency, buoyancy, clemency, cogency, competency, complacency, Conservancy, consistency, constancy, constituency, consultancy, contingency, counterinsurgency, currency, decency, deficiency, delinquency, discrepancy, dormancy, efficiency, emergency, equivalency, excellency, exigency, expectancy, expediency, fluency, frequency, hesitancy, immunodeficiency, incompetency, inconsistency, inconstancy, incumbency, indecency, inefficiency, infancy, infrequency, insolvency, insurgency, interagency, irrelevancy, latency, leniency, malignancy, militancy, nonemergency, occupancy, poignancy, potency, pregnancy, proficiency, regency, relevancy, resiliency, solvency, stringency, sufficiency, tenancy, transparency, truancy, urgency, vacancy, vagrancy, vibrancy.
3	-n s ē	bouncy, chancy, deviancy, fancy, fiancee, mincy, Nancy, necromancy, teensy.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-c-d-d-e-n-n-r-u-y"
	-3 letters: adducer, ardency, cannery, daunder, durance, nuanced, unready.
	-4 letters: adduce, canned, canner, carded, carney, cedarn, craned, cranny, cruddy, cunner, curded, danced, dancer, dander, darned, decury, denary, drayed, duenna, dunned, dunner, durned, nacred, nuance, undead, undyed, unread, yarded, yarned.
	-5 letters: acned, acred, adder, adunc, arced, caddy, cadre, candy, caned, caner, canny, cared, carny, cedar, crane, crude, cuddy, curdy, cured, cyder, dance, dandy, dared, deary, decay, decry, denar, deray, dread, dryad, dunce, dured, nacre, nance, nancy, nerdy, nuder, raced, rance, randy, rayed, readd, ready, redan, ruddy, runny, udder, unary, under, yearn.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

52 65 64 75 6E 64 61 6E 63 79

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.-. . -.. ..- -. -.. .- -. -.-. -.--.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010010 01100101 01100100 01110101 01101110 01100100 01100001 01101110 01100011 01111001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#82 &#101 &#100 &#117 &#110 &#100 &#97 &#110 &#99 &#121

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0052 0065 0064 0075 006E 0064 0061 006E 0063 0079

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Expression	Frequency per Day
redundancy	94
check cyclic data error redundancy	40
redundancy protection insurance uk	20
redundancy insurance uk	18
redundancy protection uk	17
redundancy insurance	15
redundancy protection insurance	15
cyclic error redundancy	14
check cyclic error redundancy	13
cyclic redundancy	13
redundancy uk	11
income protection redundancy	10
data redundancy	9
payment redundancy	9
counseling employee redundancy	9
counseling redundancy	8
redundancy protection	8
cover critical illness mortgage redundancy	8
redundancy mortgage insurance	6
law redundancy	6
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Redundancy

Definitions: Redundancy

Redundancy

Noun

Specialty Definitions: Redundancy

Specialty Definition: Redundancy

Synonym: Redundancy

Synonyms within Context: Redundancy

Diffuseness

Redundancy

Repetition

Sufficiency

Superiority

Transcursion

Crosswords: Redundancy

Modern Usage: Redundancy

Screenplays

Commercial Usage: Redundancy

Books

High Tech

Non-Fiction Usage: Redundancy

Speeches: Redundancy

James Madison

Usage Frequency: Redundancy

Expressions: Redundancy

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Redundancy

redundancy

check cyclic data error redundancy

redundancy protection insurance uk

redundancy insurance uk

redundancy protection uk

redundancy insurance

redundancy protection insurance

cyclic error redundancy

check cyclic error redundancy

cyclic redundancy

redundancy uk

income protection redundancy

data redundancy

payment redundancy

counseling employee redundancy

counseling redundancy

redundancy protection

cover critical illness mortgage redundancy

redundancy mortgage insurance

law redundancy

Modern Translations: Redundancy

Albanian

Arabic

Bulgarian

Chinese

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Esperanto

Farsi

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hebrew

Hungarian

Italian

Japanese Kanji

Japanese Katakana

Korean

Manx

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Serbo-Croatian

Spanish

Swedish

Turkish

Ukranian

Vietnamese

Ancestral Language Translations: Redundancy

Misspellings: Redundancy

Misspellings