Randomization

Domain	Definitions
Health	Also called random allocation. Is allocation of individuals to groups, e.g., for experimental and control regimens, by chance. Within the limits of chance variation, random allocation should make the control and experimental groups similar at the start of an investigation and ensure that personal judgment and prejudices of the investigator do not influence allocation. . (references)
Statistics	The generation of whole or part of the randomisation set. Source: European Union. (references)
	Controlled distribution usu. of given tests. . etc. . . so as to simulate a random or chance distribution. . . . A random process used in a statistical experiment to reduce or eliminate interference by var iables. . Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Randomization

Randomization is the process of making something random. It is remarkably difficult to make anything truly random, as most physical processes and human thoughts and actions, whilst subject to randomness, are much less random than is commonly supposed.

Randomization is used extensively in the field of gambling. Imperfect randomization may allow a skilled gambler to have an advantage, so much research has been devoted to effective randomization. A classic example of randomization is shuffling playing cards.

Randomization is also required in the generation of random numbers for scientific research and cryptography. Hardware random number generators are used for these purposes.

Computers are particularly hard to use for randomization, as their basic design is to be highly predictable devices. There is a temptation to use pseudo-random numbers for randomization: in many applications, particularly those involving cryptography or gambling, this is a major mistake, as pseudo-random numbers are in reality not random at all. John von Neumann observed in 1951 that "Anyone who considers arithmetical methods of producing random digits is, of course, in a state of sin".

Methods used for randomization:

casting yarrow stalks (for the I Ching)
throwing dice
drawing straws
shuffling cards
roulette wheels
drawing pieces of paper or balls from a bag
"lottery machines"
observing atomic decay using a radiation counter
etc.

Commercial Usage: Randomization

Domain	Title
Books	Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Techniques: 4th International Workshop on Approximation Algorithms For) (reference) Block Designs: A Randomization Approach (reference) Randomization and Approximation Techniques in Computer Science: Second International Workshop, Random '98, Barcelona, Spain, October 1998: proceedin (reference) Randomization and Field Experimentation (New Directions for Program Evaluation, No 28) (reference) Randomization and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Non-Fiction Usage: Randomization

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Randomization refers to the placing of subjects into one of the treatment groups in a way that can't be predicted by the patients or investigators. (references)
		There should be definitive prospective studies involving randomization and concurrent control populations of issues involved in home monitoring for apnea. (references)
		Future research should adhere to appropriate standards of research design, including adequate sample sizes, controls, multiple sites, and randomization, where feasible. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Usage Frequency: Randomization

"Randomization" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Randomization" is used about 34 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Randomization

Modern Translations: Randomization

Language		Translations for "randomization"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Danish		randomisering (randomisation). (various references)

Dutch		rangschikking in toevallige volgorde (randomisation), randomization, randomiseren, randomisatie. (various references)

Finnish		satunnaistaminen (randomisation). (various references)

French		randomisation (randomisation). (various references)

German		Randomisierung (randomisation), Herstellung einer Zufallsanordnung (randomisation). (various references)

Indonesian		pengacakan (beating, messing up). (various references)

Italian		randomizzazione (randomisation, randomised clinical trial, randomised trial, randomized clinical trial, randomized trial), casualizzazione (randomisation). (various references)

Pig Latin		andomizationray.(various references)

Portuguese		ramdomização, casualização. (various references)

Russian		рандомизация. (various references)

Spanish		randomización, aleatorización (randomisation, scrambling). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Derivations & Misspellings: Randomization

Derivations
	Words beginning with "randomization": randomizations. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Randomization" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Anodisation. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Anagrams: Randomization

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-a-d-i-i-m-n-n-o-o-r-t-z"
	-1 letter: romanization.
	-2 letters: anodization.
	-3 letters: admiration, admonition, domination, marination, ordination.
	-4 letters: adoration, animation, damnation, dominator, nominator, radiation, zamindari.
	-5 letters: adnation, amanitin, animator, antiarin, antidora, diazinon, dominant, dominion, donation, iodation, maintain, manatoid, mandarin, mandator, monition, radioman, tamarind, tandoori, trainman, zamindar, zonation, zoomania.
	Words containing the letters "a-a-d-i-i-m-n-n-o-o-r-t-z"
	+1 letter: randomizations.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.