Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Rainbow |
RainbowNoun1. An arc of colored light in the sky caused by refraction of the sun's rays by rain. 2. An illusory hope; "chasing rainbows". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "rainbow" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Bible | Rainbow caused by the reflection and refraction of the rays of the sun shining on falling rain. It was appointed as a witness of the divine faithfulness (Gen. 9:12-17). It existed indeed before, but it was then constituted as a sign of the covenant. Others, however (as Delitzsch, Commentary on Pentateuch), think that it "appeared then for the first time in the vault and clouds of heaven." It is argued by those holding this opinion that the atmosphere was differently constituted before the Flood. It is referred to three other times in Scripture (Ezek. 1:27, 28; Rev. 4:1-3; 10:1). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Dream Interpretation | To see a rainbow in a dream, is prognostic of unusual happenings. Affairs will assume a more promising countenance, and crops will give promise of a plentiful yield. For lovers to see the rainbow, is an omen of much happiness from their union. To see the rainbow hanging low over green trees, signifies unconditional success in any undertaking. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Geography | Groups of concentric arcs with colours ranging from violet to red, produced on a "screen" of water drops. . . in the atmosphere by light from the Sun or Moon. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Rainbow (See Circle of Ulloa .). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Slang | Noun. Source: From the literal shape of a rainbow. Definition: A tree used as a slide, or a rail used as a slide. Context: They use the word when they see a nice tree or rail that can be used as a jump. Social Source: Bend Oregon snowboarders. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
Slang in 1811 | RAINBOW. Knight of the rainbow; a footman: from being commonly clothed in garments of different colours. A meeting of gentlemen, styled of the most ancient order of the rainbow, was advertised to be held at the Foppington's Head, Moorfields. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a (nearly) continuous spectrum of light to be visable in the sky when the sun shines onto falling rain. It is a colored arc with red on the outside and violet on the inside: see color for the full sequence.
The rainbow effect can be observed whenever there are water drops in the air and sunlight shining from behind the observer. The most spectacular rainbow displays when half of the sky is still dark with draining clouds and the observer is at a spot with clear sky overhead. Another common place to see the rainbow effect is near waterfalls. The effect can also be artificially created by dispersing water-vapour into the air during a sunny day.
A rainbow
A double rainbowIn a very few cases, a moonbow, or night-time rainbow, can be seen on strongly-moonlit nights.
Physics of rainbows
Isaac Newton was the first to demonstrate that white light was composed of the light of all the colors of the rainbow, which one glass prism could split into the full spectrum of colors, and another could recombine into a beam of white light.The rainbow's appearance is caused by dispersion of sunlight as it is refracted by (approximately spherical) raindrops. The light is first refracted as it enters the surface of the raindrop, undergoes total internal reflection from the back of the drop, and is again refracted as it leaves the drop. The overall effect is that the incoming light is reflected back at an angle of about 40-42°, regardless of the size of the drop. Since the water of the raindrops is dispersive, the amount that the sunlight is bent depends upon the wavelength (color) of the light's constituent parts. Blue light is refracted at a greater angle than red light, but because of the reflection from the back of the raindrop, the red light appears higher in the sky, and forms the outer color of the rainbow.
The rainbow does not actually exist as a location in the sky, but is an optical illusion whose apparent position depends on the observer's location. All raindrops refract and reflect the sunlight in the same way, but only the light from some raindrops reaches the observer's eye. These raindrops are perceived to constitute the rainbow by that observer. Its position is always in the opposite direction of the sun with respect to the observer, and the interior is actually a magnified image of the sun, which can be seen to be slightly brighter than the exterior. The bow is centered on the shadow of the observer's head, appearing at an angle of approximately 40-42° to the line between the observer's head and its shadow. Sometimes, a second, dimmer rainbow is seen outside the primary bow, caused by a double reflection of the sunlight inside the raindrops, and appears at an angle of 50-53°. Because of the extra reflection, the colors of the bow are inverted compared to the primary bow, with blue on the outside and red on the inside. From an aeroplane one has the opportunity to see the whole circle of the rainbow, with the plane's shadow in the centre.
Light being refracted to cause a rainbow-effect
Path of light rays in the formation of a primary rainbow
Path of light rays in the formation of a secondary rainbow
Rainbow in legends
The rainbow has a place in legend due to its beauty and the difficulty in explaining the phenomenon before Galileo's treatise on the properties of light. It is mentioned in the Bible, Genesis 9 [1] , as a sign of God's covenant with mankind. In Greek mythology, it is a path made by a messenger (Iris) between Earth and Heaven. The Irish leprechaun's secret hiding place for his crock of gold is usually said to be at the end of the rainbow. In Chinese mythology, the rainbow was a slit in the sky sealed by Goddess Nüwa using stones of seven different colors.
Rainbow in literature
The rainbow has also been used in more contemporary settings, such as the song Over the Rainbow in the musical film of The Wizard of Oz, and in selling Lucky Charms by alluding heavily to leprechaun mythology.
See also
Optical phenomenon, rainbow flag, gloryRainbow is also the name of a British pre-school children's television series made by Thames Television in the 1970s and 1980s.
Rainbow is also the name of a progressive-metal/hard rock band formed by former Deep Purple guitarist and co-founder Ritchie Blackmore, also called Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rainbow."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rainbow was a rock band formed in 1975 of a hard rock and heavy metal group. Rainbow disbanded in 1984. During its lifetime, band members included :
- Ritchie Blackmore of Deep Purple.
- Ronnie James Dio from Elf
- Cozy Powell
- Jimmy Bain
- Roger Glover
- Bob Daisley
- Bobby Rondinelli
- Tony Carey
- Chuck Burgi
- Joe Lynn Turner
- Don Airey
- Graham Bonnett
Discography
LPs:Live:
- Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow (1975)
- Rising (1976)
- Long Live Rock 'N' Roll (1978)
- Down to Earth (1979)
- Difficult to Cure (1981)
- Straight Between the Eyes (1982)
- Bent Out of Shape (1983)
Greatest Hits:
- On Stage (1977)
- Final Vinyl (1986)
- Live in Germany '76 (1994)
- Live in Europe '76 (1996)
Singles:
- The Best of Rainbow (1981)
- The Very Best of Rainbow (1997)
- 20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection: The Best of Rainbow (2000)
- Pots of Gold (2002)
- Man On The Silver Mountain (1975)
- Catch The Rainbow (1975)
- Starstruck (1976)
- Stargazer (1976)
- Kill The King (1978)
- Long Live Rock 'N' Roll (1978)
- Gates Of Babylon (1979)
- Since You've Been Gone (1979)
- All Night Long (1980)
- I Surrender (1981)
- Can't Happen Here (1981)
- Jealous Lover (1981); b-side of Can't Happen Here
- Stone Cold (1982)
- Power (1982)
- Can't Let You Go (1983)
- Street Of Dreams (1983)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rainbow (band)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Flag Aspect Ratio: 3:2
Eight Striped (1978)
Seven Striped (1978-1979)
Six Striped (1979-present)The rainbow flag has been a common symbol of gay and lesbian pride since the 1980s. Use of the flag to symbolize this cause originated in the United States and is now seen around the world.
The rainbow flag was first used to symbolize gay pride and diversity by San Francisco artist Gilbert Baker, it currently consists of six coloured stripes of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. It is most commonly flown with the red stripe on top, as the colors appear in a natural rainbow.
History
This now well known flag was not the first flag patterned after the rainbow. Outside the United States, the rainbow flag has been seen as representing the international peace movement since the 19th century. In some countries this continues, particularly in Europe, and the rainbow flag was used by peace movements, including during the global protests against war on Iraq. (The most common variety has seven colours rather than six, and often is emblazoned with the Italian word pace, "peace".)There was some use of similar flags with the rainbow colors in the USA in the early 1970s as a symbol of internationalism and unity of all people of earth, but by the end of the 1970s the flag's connection with gay pride became generally known in the United States.
The original gay pride flag was hand-dyed by Baker, and consisted of eight stripes of hot-pink, red, orange, yellow, green, turquoise, indigo, and violet. Baker assigned specific meaning to each of the colors as follows:
After the 1978 assassination of openly gay City Supervisor Harvey Milk, demand for the rainbow flag greatly increased. To meet demand, the Paramount Flag Company began selling a version of the flag using stock rainbow fabric consisting of seven stripes of red, orange, yellow, green, turquoise, indigo, and violet. As Baker ramped up production of his version of the flag, he too dropped the hot-pink stripe due to the unavailability of hot-pink fabric.
- hot-pink, for sex;
- red, for life;
- orange, for healing;
- yellow, for sun;
- green, for nature;
- turquoise, for art;
- indigo, for harmony;
- violet, for spirit.
In 1979 the flag was modified for a final time. When hung vertically from the lamp posts of San Francisco's Market Street, the center stripe was obscured by the post itself. Changing the flag design to one with an even number of stripes was the easiest way to rectify this, so the turquoise stripe was dropped. At the same time, the indigo stripe was replaced with a blue stripe, which resulted in the current six stripe version of the flag.
The basic rainbow flag has spawned innumerable variations. One common item of jewelry is the pride necklace or freedom rings, consisting of six rings, one of each colour, on a chain. Other variants range from key chains to candles. Any number of national flags have been altered to include rainbows, and the flag itself has taken any number of shapes from inverted triangles to smiley faces.
In Montreal, Beaudry metro station, which serves as that city's gay village, was recently rebuilt with rainbow-coloured elements integrated into its design - certainly a first.
Recently, the rainbow flag has also been adapted to use as a peace flag by anti-war movements in Europe, most commonly with the word 'PACE' (in Italian) added in white.
See also Queer culture, pink triangle, black triangle.
For the bisexual pride flag see bisexuality.
An unrelated flag with a seven-striped rainbow design is used in Peru to represent Tawantinsuyu, the Pre-Columbian Inca empire, and also by some Druze communities in the Middle-east.
From Italy comes a rainbow flag for the peace activity. It has seven colors (violet, blue, turquoise, green, yellow, orange and red) and a white inprint of PACE (italian for peace). Violet is on the top.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rainbow flag."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rainbow is a town located in San Diego County, California. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 2,026.Geography
Rainbow is located at 33°24'40" North, 117°8'57" West (33.411213, -117.149209)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 41.6 km² (16.1 mi²). 41.6 km² (16.1 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 2,026 people, 739 households, and 523 families residing in the town. The population density is 48.7/km² (126.0/mi²). There are 780 housing units at an average density of 18.7/km² (48.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 81.44% White, 0.15% African American, 0.79% Native American, 2.42% Asian, 0.79% Pacific Islander, 11.45% from other races, and 2.96% from two or more races. 21.82% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 739 households out of which 26.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% are married couples living together, 5.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% are non-families. 21.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.73 and the average family size is 3.15. In the town the population is spread out with 23.7% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 42 years. For every 100 females there are 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 110.9 males. The median income for a household in the town is $40,938, and the median income for a family is $44,833. Males have a median income of $38,661 versus $32,917 for females. The per capita income for the town is $19,890. 23.2% of the population and 15.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 33.4% are under the age of 18 and 5.5% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rainbow, California."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
RAINBOW | English | Radio Access Independent Broadband on Wireless | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Crosswords: Rainbow |
| English words defined with "rainbow": Iridal, Iridian, Irised ♦ Lunar rainbow ♦ poetic ♦ Rainbowed ♦ Sea bow, Soldier fish, speckled trout, Sunbow, Supernumerary rainbow ♦ Water gall. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "rainbow": book titles ♦ Circle of Ulloa, continuous spectrum, crayola books ♦ Fo-hi ♦ Gods, Goose at Michaelmas ♦ Halo ♦ I'ris ♦ KNIGHT OF THE RAINBOW ♦ maiden, MicroGnuEmacs, moon rainbow, moonbow ♦ Oncorhynchus mykiss ♦ rainbow chalcedony, Rainbow Chasers ♦ secondary bow, secondary rainbow ♦ Urda ♦ Water-gall. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "rainbow": Iris. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Where the rainbow ends (Eyes Wide Shut; writing credit: Arthur Schnitzler; Stanley Kubrick) All I see is a bear and a frog in a rainbow Studebaker (The Muppet Movie; writing credit: Jack Burns and Jerry Juhl) It clears the month of your sorry rainbow expressions, and it clears the streets of the silent armies so we can dance (The Basketball Diaries; writing credit: Bryan Goluboff) If you try anything, anything, at all, I will be on you like a rainbow on an oil slick (Malcolm in the Middle; writing credit: Daniel Frenette) Hey son, I guess you were probably wondering why your middle name is Rainbow. (Fathers' Day; writing credit: Francis Veber) | |
Lyrics | Like a rainbow (True Colors; performing artist: Cyndi Lauper) Here is the rainbow I’ve been prayin’ for ("I Can See Clearly Now"; performing artist: Johnny Nash) You're my Mona Lisa, you're my rainbow skies, (Beautiful In My Eyes; performing artist: JOSHUA KADISON) The colors of the rainbow, so pretty in the sky (What a Wonderful World; performing artist: LOUIS ARMSTRONG) And I'll buy for you a rainbow and a million pots of gold (Buy For Me the Rain; performing artist: Nitty Gritty Dirt Band) | |
Clever | There can be no rainbow without a cloud and a storm. (references; author: unknown) The soul would have no rainbow if the eyes had no tears. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Wet Rainbow (1974) The Rainbow Gang (1973) Rainbow (1972) Under the Rainbow (1972) | |
Song Titles | Rainbow Connection (performing artist: Kermit the Frog) Rainbow Chaser (performing artist: Nirvana) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Queenstown, Lake Wakatipu, The Remarkables, and rainbow. Credit: CDC. |  | The Hubble telescope reveals a rainbow of colors in this dying star, called IC 4406. Like many ... Credit: NASA. |
 | Rainbow at Valdez. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | The aftermath of the storm - a rainbow over San Juan. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Rainbow Falls in Hilo. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | A double rainbow off the breakwater at the entrance to the Calcasieu River. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | A late summer shower followed by a rainbow. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Rainbow after a squall. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Alaska rainbow trout. Adult female. In: "The Fishes of Alaska." Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVI, 1906. P. 360, Plate XXXIX. Credit: Fisheries. |  | A close up of the Parker River Dam before restoration. Several anadromous fish species use the river including; blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis; alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus; rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax and white perch, Morone americanus. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Double Rainbow" by Eric Jacobsen Commentary: "Double rainbow shot from a road." | "Tole Rainbow" by Tim Avis Commentary: "A rainbow after a thunder storm in Tole." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Abraham Lincoln | Military glory --the attractive rainbow that rises in showers of blood. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | It was a lake of rainbow light, in which, for a short while, I lived like a dolphin |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Trinidad and Tobago | The PNM remained in power following the death of Dr. Williams, but its 30-year rule ended in 1986 when the National Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR), a rainbow party aimed at Trinidadians of both African and Indian descent, won a landslide victory by capturing 33 of 36 seats. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | MAIDEN, n. A young person of the unfair sex addicted to clewless conduct and views that madden to crime. The genus has a wide geographical distribution, being found wherever sought and deplored wherever found. The maiden is not altogether unpleasing to the eye, nor (without her piano and her views) insupportable to the ear, though in respect to comeliness distinctly inferior to the rainbow, and, with regard to the part of her that is audible, bleating out of the field by the canary -- which, also, is more portable. A lovelorn maiden she sat and sang -- This quaint, sweet song sang she; "It's O for a youth with a football bang And a muscle fair to see! The Captain he Of a team to be! On the gridiron he shall shine, A monarch by right divine, And never to roast on it -- me!" Opoline Jones |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Rainbow" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 72.09% of the time. "Rainbow" is used about 583 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 72.09% | 421 | 13,527 |
| Noun (proper) | 24.32% | 142 | 26,554 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 2.57% | 15 | 90,616 |
| Noun (common) | 0.68% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.34% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 583 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "rainbow" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Rainbow | Last name | 170 | 49,862 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| South Africa | Rainbow Chicken Limited | USA | Rainbow Rentals, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Rainbow, CA (CDP, FIPS 59248) 2. Rainbow, TX |
Expressions using "rainbow": Lunar rainbow ♦ Marine rainbow ♦ moon rainbow ♦ primary rainbow ♦ rainbow cactus ♦ Rainbow City ♦ rainbow darter ♦ Rainbow Diet ♦ rainbow fish ♦ Rainbow Lakes ♦ rainbow lorikeet ♦ rainbow perch ♦ rainbow pink ♦ rainbow runner ♦ rainbow seaperch ♦ rainbow series ♦ rainbow shower ♦ rainbow smelt ♦ rainbow trout ♦ rainbow wrasse ♦ secondary rainbow ♦ supernumerary rainbow. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "rainbow": rainbow-arguments, rainbow-coalition, rainbow-colored, rainbow-coloured, rainbow-flashing, rainbow-hued, rainbow-like, rainbow-skinned, rainbow-spattered, rainbow-splashed, rainbow-tie. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
rainbow | 9,939 | rainbow flag | 214 |
rainbow six | 1,039 | reading rainbow | 193 |
rainbow art | 805 | rainbow clipart | 192 |
rainbow brite | 781 | rainbow flip flop | 187 |
rainbow sandal | 762 | rainbow 6 | 187 |
rainbow bridge | 737 | rainbow vacuum cleaners | 184 |
rainbow vacuum | 579 | rainbow clothing store | 181 |
rainbow picture | 516 | rainbow six 3 | 169 |
somewhere over the rainbow | 500 | rainbow room | 167 |
gathering rainbow | 468 | rainbow connection | 156 |
rainbow family | 319 | rainbow vacuum cleaner | 154 |
rainbow trout | 318 | cinema rainbow | 150 |
somewhere over the rainbow lyrics | 311 | background rainbow | 148 |
cinemas rainbow | 300 | rainbow the store | 129 |
food rainbow | 296 | rainbow swing set | 122 |
colors of the rainbow | 281 | rainbow rental | 112 |
rainbow bright | 266 | rainbow falls | 111 |
rainbow play system | 262 | fountain neopets rainbow | 109 |
the rainbow fish | 262 | rainbow coalition | 105 |
over the rainbow | 223 | rainbow shop | 104 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "rainbow"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | reлnboog, reënboog. (various references) | |
Albanian | ylber (bow), i ylbertë (iridescent). (various references) | |
Arabic | قوس قزح (iris), قزح (disperse). (various references) | |
Aymara | curmi (iris). (various references) | |
Basque | ostadar. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | náápiwa otó'piim. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | многоцветен (multicolor, multicolored, multicolour, multicoloured, multiflorous, polychromatic, polychrome), дъга (arc, bow, catenary, clapboard, curve, quadrant, stave, tug). (various references) | |
Chamorro | isa. (various references) | |
Chinese | 螮 , 虹 , 隮 (go up), 蜺 (Japanese cicada), 霓 , 蝃 , 蝀 , 彩虹. (various references) | |
Cornish | gwarak an glaw. (various references) | |
Czech | duha (rain-bow, sun bow). (various references) | |
Danish | regnbue. (various references) | |
Dutch | regenboog. (various references) | |
Esperanto | ĉielarko. (various references) | |
Farsi | قوس وقزح , رنگین کمان (Iris), بصورت رنگین کمان درامدن . (various references) | |
Finnish | sateenkaari. (various references) | |
French | arc-en-ciel (rainbow runner). (various references) | |
Frisian | reinbôge. (various references) | |
German | Regenbogen (rainbows). (various references) | |
Greek | ουράνιο τόξο, ίριδα (Iris). (various references) | |
Hebrew | קשת (arc, arch, bow, vault). (various references) | |
Hungarian | szivárvány (bow, water bow). (various references) | |
Icelandic | regnbogi. (various references) | |
Indonesian | pelangi, bianglala. (various references) | |
Irish | tuar ceatha, bogha bÚistí. (various references) | |
Italian | arcobaleno (bow). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 虹 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | にじ (name, secondary, subordinate, two characters). (various references) | |
Korean | 무지개. (various references) | |
Manx | goal twoaie, Bhow Ghorree. (various references) | |
Maori | aaniwaniwa. (various references) | |
Maya | cheel (magpie). (various references) | |
Occitan | arc de Sant Martin. (various references) | |
Papago | kiohod. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ainbowray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | arco-íris (bow). (various references) | |
Romanian | curcubeu (arch, sun bow). (various references) | |
Romany | breshimdalò. (various references) | |
Russian | радуга (arc, bow). (various references) | |
Scottish | bogha-frois. (various references) | |
Sepedi | molalatladi. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | kao duga, duga (arc, mane, stave, streamer). (various references) | |
Shona | murara. (various references) | |
Sicilian | arcubbalenu. (various references) | |
Spanish | arco iris (bow). (various references) | |
Sranan | alenbo. (various references) | |
Swazi | umúshi wankósátana. (various references) | |
Swedish | regnbåge (iris). (various references) | |
Thai | สีรุ้ง, รุ้ง, ความหวังที่เลื่อนลอย. (various references) | |
Turkish | gökkuşağı (bow, Iris), ebemkuşağı, alaímísema. (various references) | |
Turkmen | дlemgoюar. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | райдуга (arch), райдужна форель, райдужний (bright, iridescent), веселка, згинатися дугою, багатобарвний (multicolor, multicolored, multicolour, multicoloured, polychromatic, polychrome, polychromic, varicolored, varicoloured), переливчастий (changeable, chatoyant, iridescent, shot), переливатися як райдуга. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | cầu vồng. (various references) | |
Welsh | enfys, bwa'r arch. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | arcu, arcum, arcus, arcusque, arcuum, ire, irem, iris. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Revelation Chapter 4, Verse 3 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai o kaqhmenoV hn omoioV orasei liqw iaspidi kai sardinw kai iriV kukloqen tou qronou omoioV orasei smaragdinw |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et qui sedebat similis erat aspectui lapidis iaspidis et sardini et iris erat in circuitu sedis similis visioni zmaragdinae |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And he that sat, was lijk the siyt of a stoon iaspis, and to sardyn; and a reynbowe was in cumpas of the seete, lijk the siyt of smaragdyn. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And he that sat was to loke apo like vnto a iaspar stone and a sardyne stone: And there was a rayne bowe aboute the seate in syght lyke to an Emeralde. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And he that sat was in appearance like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow around the throne in sight like an emerald. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And to my eyes he was like a jasper and a sardius stone: and there was an arch of light round the high seat, like an emerald. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Revelation Chapter 4, Verse 3 |
| Cebuano | Ug ang naglingkod niini may panagway nga morag mutya nga haspe ug cornalina, ug ang trono giliyukan sa usa ka balangaw nga morag bulok sa esmeralda. |
| Croatian | Taj što sjede bijaše nalik na jaspis i sard. A uokolo prijestolja duga slièna smaragdu. |
| Danish | og den siddende var at se til ligesom Jaspissten og Sarder, og der var en Regnbue omkring Tronen, at se til ligesom Smaragd. |
| Dutch | En Die daarop zat, was in het aanzien den steen Jaspis en Sardius gelijk; en een regenboog was rondom den troon, in het aanzien der steen Smaragd gelijk. |
| Finnish | Ja istuja oli näöltänsä jaspis- ja sardionkiven kaltainen; ja valtaistuimen ympärillä oli taivaankaari, näöltänsä smaragdin kaltainen. |
| French | Celui qui était assis avait l`aspect d`une pierre de jaspe et de sardoine; et le trône était environné d`un arc-en-ciel semblable à de l`émeraude. |
| German | und der dasaß, war gleich anzusehen wie der Stein Jaspis und Sarder; und ein Regenbogen war um den Stuhl, gleich anzusehen wie ein Smaragd. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Muka orang itu bersinar seperti permata baiduri pandan dan permata delima. Suatu pelangi warna zamrud melingkari takhta itu. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka Ia yang duduk itu rupanya seperti permata yasib dan akik; dan ada suatu pelangi melengkung arasy itu, seperti zamrud rupanya. |
| Italian | Colui che stava seduto era simile nell'aspetto a diaspro e cornalina. Un arcobaleno simile a smeraldo avvolgeva il trono. |
| Maori | A ko tera i noho ra rite tonu ki te titiro atu ki te kohatu hahapa, ki te harariu: he aniwaniwa hoki i nga taha katoa o te torona, ko te ahua ki te titiro atu kei to te emerara. |
| Norwegian | Og han som satt der, var å se til likesom jaspis og sarder-sten, og det var en regnbue rundt omkring tronen, å se til likesom en smaragd. |
| Portuguese | e aquele que estava assentado era, na aparência, semelhante a uma pedra de jaspe e sárdio; e havia ao redor do trono um arco-íris semelhante, na aparência, à esmeralda. |
| Rumanian | Cel ce wedea pe el, avea knfqyiwarea unei pietre de iaspis wi de sardiu; wi scaunul de domnie era knconjurat cu un curcubeu ca o piatrq de smaragd la vedere. |
| Russian | Й уЕК уЙДСЭЙК ЧЙДПН ВЩМ РПДПВЕО ЛБНОА СУРЙУХ Й УБТДЙУХ; Й ТБДХЗБ ЧПЛТХЗ РТЕУФПМБ, ЧЙДПН РПДПВОБС УНБТБЗДХ. |
| Shuar | Niisha jaspi kayasha tura Kurnarínia kayasha nujai métek ti Wínchauyi. Akupin pujutain tuntiak téntakuyi. Nusha ismirarta kayajai métekeyi. |
| Spanish | Y el que estaba sentado era semejante a una piedra de jaspe y de cornalina, y alrededor del trono había un arco iris semejante al aspecto de la esmeralda. |
| Swahili | Huyo aliyeketi juu yake alikuwa kama almasi na jiwe zuri jekundu. Upinde wa mvua ulikuwa unang`aa kama zumaridi na ulikizunguka kiti cha enzi pande zote. |
| Swedish |
