Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Put To Death |
Put To DeathVerb1. Socially sanctioned killing as a means of punishment; "In some states, criminals are executed". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Capital punishment, also referred to as the Death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime. In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principally, treason and murder, that is, the deliberate premeditated killing of another person. Prisoners who have been sentenced to death are usually kept segregated from other prisoners in a special part of the prison, pending their execution. In some places this segregated area is known as Death Row.
Methods of execution
Methods of execution have varied over time, and include:
- Lethal injection
- Decapitation (by sword, axe or guillotine) (The term capital punishment derives from the fact that it was originally administered by means of decapitation.)
- Electrocution in an electric chair
- Hanging
- Gassing
- Strangulation
- Drowning
- Burning
- Crucifixion
- Impalement
- Crushing
- Stoning
- Shooting by firing squad
- Disembowelment
- Various animal-related methods
- Tearing apart by horses
- Devouring by wild animals
- Crushing by elephant
Capital punishment around the world
Amnesty International publishes a annual report on official judicial execution. In 2001 there were 3,048 reported cases in 31 countries. 90% of the deaths occurred in four countries. The People's Republic of China carried out 2,468 executions. Iran killed 139 people, Saudi Arabia 79 and the United States 66. In 2000 there had been 1,457 executions. The PRC has executed 20,000 between 1990 and 2001 with 1,781 people executed between April and July 2001 in a "Strike Hard" crime crackdown.
The highest per capita use of the death penalty is Singapore, with a population of about four million.
In most countries that have capital punishment, it is used to punish only murder and/or for war-related crimes. In some countries, like the People's Republic of China, even non-violent crimes, like drug and business related crimes, are punished with capital punishment.
Most democratic countries today have abolished the death penalty, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, almost all of Europe and much of Latin America. Together 111 countries either do not have or do not use the death penalty. Many other states retain it, especially in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, the Caribbean and the United States.
The most comprehensive source lists less than 15,000 people executed in United States or its predecessors between 1608 and 1991.[1] More accurate statistics list 4661 executions in the U.S. in the period 1930-2002 with about 2/3 of the executions occurring in the first twenty years.[1] Additionally the U.S. Army executed 160 soldiers between 1930 and 1967. The last U.S. Navy execution was in 1849.
Only seven countries practice the death penalty for juveniles, that is criminals aged under 18 at the time of their crime. Nearly all actual executions for juvenile crime take place in the USA, although, due to the slow process of appeals, no one under age 19 has been executed since at least 1964. [1] Although the People's Republic of China accounts for the vast majority of executions in the world, it does not allow for the executions of those under 18. [1] Execution of those aged under age 18 has also occurred in the Congo, Pakistan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Iran since 1990. [1]
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which forbids capital punishment for juveniles, has been signed by all countries except the USA and Somalia, so it is likely that legally executing children (as defined by the Convention), will continue to be restricted to the USA.
Electric chair as used for electrocutions. The electric chair was developed in the late 1880s with support from Thomas Edison and is still in use today.
Image in the public domain, courtesy of PDImages.com.There are a number of international conventions prohibiting the death penalty, most notably the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights. However, such conventions only bind those that are party to them; customary international law permits the death penalty.
Several international organizations have made the abolition of the death penalty a requirement of membership, most notably the European Union and the Council of Europe. The European Union requires outright abolition of the death penalty by states wishing to join; the Council of Europe also requires this, but is willing to accept a moratorium as an interim measure. Thus, while Russia is a member of the Council of Europe, and practices the death penalty in law, it has not made use of it since becoming a member of the Council.
The same was also true of Turkey, but in August 2002, as a move towards EU membership, the death penalty was removed from law as well as practice. As a result of this, Europe is a continent free of the death penalty in practice, with the sole exception of Belarus, which is not a member of the Council of Europe. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has also been lobbying for the Council of Europe observer states who practice the death penalty (namely the United States and Japan) to be told to abolish it also or lose their observer status.
Arguments for and against the death penalty
Support for the death penalty varies widely from nation to nation, and it can be a highly contentious political issue, particularly in democracies that use it. A majority of adults in the United States appear to support its continuance (though like most political issues, the numbers vary widely depending on the exact question asked), but a highly vocal, organised minority of people in that country do not, and non-governmental organisations like Amnesty lobby against it globally. In Taiwan, the death penalty appears to have large amounts of public support, and there is little public movement to abolish it. By contrast, in most of Western Europe, public opinion overwhelming regards capital punishment as barbaric and there is little public support for its reinstatement. In countries where it has been abolished, debate is sometimes revived by particularly brutal murders, though few countries have brought it back after abolition.
Some of the major arguments used by those opposed to the death penalty include:
Different groups of death penalty opponents favour different arguments. Core death-penalty opponents are perhaps more likely to primarily base their opposition on "the death penalty is murder" arguments, and advance the issues of wrong convictions and ethnic bias to convince waverers.
- The death penalty is killing. Killing is wrong, therefore the death penalty is wrong.
- This is a human rights violation.
- Torture and cruelty are wrong. Many executions are botched and the executed suffer extended pain in dying, and even those who die instantly suffer extreme mental torture leading up to and during the preliminaries of the execution process.
- Criminal proceedings are fallible. Many people facing the death penalty have been exonerated, sometimes only minutes before their scheduled execution. Others, however, have been executed before evidence clearing them is discovered. Whilst criminal trials not involving the death penalty can involve mistakes, there is at least the opportunity for mistakes to be corrected.
- At least in the United States, poor people and those from ethnic minorities are more likely to be executed than whites convicted of similar crimes. Hence, its application is selective and unfair. Additionally, it is argued that the race of the victim can also affect the likelihood of the application of the death penalty, which again is unfair.
- It can encourage police misconduct as in the incident described in the documentary film The Thin Blue Line. In the late 1970s, an innocent man named Randall Adams was framed by the Dallas County police department in Texas for a notorious murder of a police officer because they knew the more likely suspect, David Harris, was still a minor and thus ineligible for the death penalty so Adams had to serve as a scapegoat to execute.
- It is not a deterent because anyone that would be detered by the death penalty would already have been detered by life in prison, and people that are not detered by that wouldn't be stopped by any punishment.
Key arguments for supporters of the death penalty include:
There is ongoing debate whether capital punishment reduces crime rates, because potential murderers (or other criminals) would be too scared of punishment to commit crime, or it doesn't at all affect crime rate, because potential criminals think they won't be caught, so they don't care about punishment until it's too late. There are even studies that have concluded that the death penalty appears to encourage murder. However, like many questions in the social sciences, actual research data on this question can be (and is) interpreted very differently by people with differing predispositions towards capital punishment. In any event, the actual effectiveness or otherwise of it is largely irrelevant to many who feel strongly about the debate, as their views are based on other factors.
- That people committing the most heinous crimes (usually murder, in Western countries that practice the death penalty) have forfeited the right to life so executing them is not murder.
- Government is not an individual and is given far more powers; therefore, executions are not "murder."
- Since the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior, a murderer is likely to murder again, so execution prevents future murders.
- That it provides peace of minds for victims of crime and their families.
- Beliefs in reciprocity - essentially, "an eye for an eye" - which is part of the concept of justice for many people.
- That it is in fact less cruel than prolonged sentences of imprisonment, especially under the conditions that would be popularly demanded for heinous criminals.
- That it is explicitly allowed in constitutions and other documents of basic law.
- That it enjoys democratic support of the people.
- That it deters crime.
Religious views of the death penalty
Death penalty in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible, Old Testament)
The Tanakh prescribes the death penalty for a great many violations of law. Most historians no longer accept the view that the laws of the Bible, as written, were ever actually followed as a legal code. Instead, they hold that the laws in the Bible were developed in a living society and culture, and that the oral law of this society was not identical to what one would posit from a literal reading of the Biblical text alone. Rabbinic Jews have always held this view; they go further and teach that a specific oral law (later redacted in the Talmud) explains the meaning and context of these Biblical laws. In this view the death penalty was rarely used, and exceedingly difficult to carry out.
Jewish view of the death penalty
The Jewish view of all laws in the Bible, not just the death penalty, is based on the reading of the Bible as seen through Judaism's corpus of oral law. These laws were first redacted around 200 CE in the Mishnah and later around 550 CE in the Talmud.
These laws make it clear that the death penalty was only used in extremely rare cases. Rabbinic law developed a detailed system of checks and balances to make sure that the penalty could only be carried out if there were two witnesses to the crime, if the witnesses then verbally warned the person that they were liable for the death penalty, and that the person then had to acknowledge that he/she was warned, but then went ahead and committed the sin regardless. Further, an individual was not allowed to testify against themselves. As such, the death penalty was effectively legislated out of existence.
Christian view of the death penalty
Jesus Christ underwent the death penalty by crucifixion. His trial was affected by popular opinion. His death is frequently depicted in religious art, and the cross, either with or without his body on it, is the primary symbol of Christianity.
For many Christians, this is enough to condemn capital punishment. Nonetheless, Christians are divided about the issue. Those in favor of capital punishment most often build their views on a New Testament verse in which Christ allegedly advocates capital punishment for crimes against children.
Muslim view of the death penalty
A Muslim may be sentenced to death under Shariah, Islamic law, for the murder of a Muslim, adultery, apostasy (deserting Islam), a third conviction for drinking alcohol and a fifth conviction for theft. A dhimmi (zimmi, non-Muslim living in an Islamic state) can be executed for sex with a Muslim woman, and "persecution" of Islam, for example blasphemy against Allah or Prophet Muhammad, or attempting to proselytise, i.e. convert a Muslim from his religion.
Shariah is not in force in many Muslim countries with a Muslim majority, especially those which still have laws on their statute books which date from their colonial past. One of the aims of Islamic fundamentalists is to re-introduce Shariat and that is one reason why HRAIC opposes fundamentalism.
Hindu view of the death penalty
(to be added)
Related articles
- Use of death penalty worldwide provides a full listing of which countries have and have not abolished the death penalty.
- List of people who were executed
- Life imprisonment
- Amnesty International
- Capital punishment in the United Kingdom
Literature
Stuart Banner: The Death Penalty: An American History. Harvard University Press, 2002. ISBN 0674007514.
David R. Dow, Mark Dow (Eds.): Machinery of Death. The Reality of America's Death Penalty Regime. Routledge, New York, 2002. ISBN 0415932661 (cloth), ISBN 041593267X (paper).
- This book provides critical perspectives on the death penalty. It contains a foreword by Christopher Hitchens.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Capital punishment."
Synonym: Put To DeathSynonym: execute (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Killing | Verb: kill, put to death, slay, shed blood; murder, assassinate, butcher, slaughter, victimize, immolate; massacre; take away life, deprive of life; make away with, put an end to; despatch, dispatch; burke, settle, do for. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Put To Death |
| English words defined with "put to death": Agrippina, Agrippina the Younger ♦ Bowstringed ♦ executed ♦ kill ♦ Neck verse ♦ Ordeal tree ♦ To do to death. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "put to death": Abishag, Adonijah, Adriel, Apollodoros ♦ Bartoldo, Bell-the-Cat, Burgundian ♦ Catharine Wheels, Cordeliers ♦ Delias ♦ Ferrex and Porrex, Francesca da Rimini ♦ Hundred-eyed ♦ IMPALE, Inventors Punished ♦ Lucrezia di Borgia ♦ Macreons, Mahanaim, Makkedah, Mazeppa, Merab ♦ Opposition ♦ Peeping Tom of Coventry, Pericles' Boast, Piram ♦ Seian Horse, Seraiah, Spanish Brutus ♦ trial ♦ Wexford Bridge Massacre, Witch-finder ♦ Zur. (references) |
| Author | Quotation |
Elizabeth I | Monarchs ought to put to death the authors and instigators of war, as their sworn enemies and as dangers to their states. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Human Rights | Korea | The nongovernmental organization (NGO) Human Rights without Frontiers reported refugee accounts that beginning in 2000 prison authorities ordered that newborn babies be put to death, and that a number of babies were killed over the past 2 years. (references) |
Women | Yemen | Legal provisions regarding violence against women state that an accused man should be put to death for murdering a woman. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | IMPALE, v.t. In popular usage to pierce with any weapon which remains fixed in the wound. This, however, is inaccurate; to imaple is, properly, to put to death by thrusting an upright sharp stake into the body, the victim being left in a sitting position. This was a common mode of punishment among many of the nations of antiquity, and is still in high favor in China and other parts of Asia. Down to the beginning of the fifteenth century it was widely employed in "churching" heretics and schismatics. Wolecraft calls it the "stoole of repentynge," and among the common people it was jocularly known as "riding the one legged horse." Ludwig Salzmann informs us that in Thibet impalement is considered the most appropriate punishment for crimes against religion; and although in China it is sometimes awarded for secular offences, it is most frequently adjudged in cases of sacrilege. To the person in actual experience of impalement it must be a matter of minor importance by what kind of civil or religious dissent he was made acquainted with its discomforts; but doubtless he would feel a certain satisfaction if able to contemplate himself in the character of a weather-cock on the spire of the True Church. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
Expression using "put to death": To put to death. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| Language | Translations for "put to death"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Arabic | قتل (assassinate, assassination, bag, butcher, croak, death, despatch, dispatch, do in, end, finish, fire, homicide, immolate, kill, killing, knock off, lay out, manslaughter, murder, poleaxe, procure, put down, shoot, slay, take for a ride), حكم عليه بالإعدام, أعدم (be executed, despatch, dispatch, execute, guillotine, hang out, shoot, string up, swing). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | убивам (account for, assassinate, dispose of, do in, end, finish, fix, kill, lay out, liquidate, murder, pip, polish off, pop off, pot, push off, put away, quench, remove, rub out, shoot up, slay, snuff out, starve, strike down, wipe out, zap). (various references) | |
Chinese | 殛 . (various references) | |
Czech | popravit (execute, poleaxe), usmrtit (kill), odpravit (despatch, destroy, dispatch). (various references) | |
Finnish | tappaa (kill, slay), surmata (kill, massacre, slay). (various references) | |
French | mettre qu mort, exécuter (put into practice, put smb. to death). (various references) | |
German | richten (address, aim, bend straight, direct, execute, fit, fix, focus, get ready, guide, judge, level, manage, orientate, pass judgment, play, point, prepare, present, remodel, send, set, sight, smarten up, steer, straighten out, suit, to judge (by), train, turn). (various references) | |
Hebrew | ל"וציא ל"ור' (execute, martyr). (various references) | |
Hungarian | megöl (kill, murder, slain, slew, to account for, to check sy out, to cold-cock, to deep-six, to do for, to dump, to ice, to kill, to martyr, to murder, to put over, to put to death, to put to the sword, to slay, to snuff, to unlive, unlive), kivégez (execute, liquidate, to execute, to liquidate, to put to death, to put to the block), halálra ítél (sentence to death, to doom, to sentence to death). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | utpay otay eathday.(various references) | |
Portuguese | mandar matar. (various references) | |
Romanian | omorî (annihilate, assassinate, bring down, bump, butcher, croak, destroy, dispatch, do for, do in, execute, exhaust, finish, kill, knock off, make an end of, make away with, murder, put smb. on the spot, send to glory, shift, slaughter, slay, spoil, torment, torture). (various references) | |
Russian | умертвить, казнить (do to death, execute, gibbet, put death). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | pogubiti (despatch, dispatch, execute). (various references) | |
Spanish | dar muerte a (kill). (various references) | |
Swedish | förgöra (annihilate, destroy), döda (cut down, dispatch, kill, pip, slay, zap), avliva (kill, liquidate, pass away, scotch, slay), avdagataga. (various references) | |
Turkish | infazı gerçekleştirmek, idam etmek (dispatch, execute, gibbet), öldürmek (assassinate, bump off, carry off, croak, cut down, destroy, dispatch, do away with, do in, do one's job for one, drop, erase, exterminate, get, get rid of, give smb. his quietus, ice, kill, kill off, knock off, knock out, liquidate, make away with, murder, off, put away, put down, rub out, send to glory, shoot, shoot dead, slay, take off, take smb.'s life, waste, wipe out, zap). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | страчувати (execute), убивати (deaden, finish off, homicide, kill, murder, pick off, slay, thug). (various references) | |
Welsh | dienyddio (execute). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | neco. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 10, Verse 28 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai mh fobhqhte apo twn apokteinontwn to swma thn de yuchn mh dunamenwn apokteinai fobhqhte de mallon ton dunamenon kai yuchn kai swma apolesai en geennh |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et nolite timere eos qui occidunt corpus animam autem non possunt occidere sed potius eum timete qui potest et animam et corpus perdere in gehennam |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | & ne on-drædon ge þa þe owre lichamenof-sleað. ne mugen hyo soðlice þasawle of-slean. ac on-drædeð ma þanne þemaig sawle & lic-hamen for-don on helle. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And nyle ye drede hem that sleen the bodi; for thei moun not sle the soule; but rather drede ye hym, that mai lese bothe soule and bodi in to helle. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And feare ye not them which kyll the body and be not able to kyll the soule. But rather feare hym which is able to destroye bothe soule and body into hell. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And fear not them who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And have no fear of those who put to death the body, but are not able to put to death the soul. But have fear of him who has power to give soul and body to destruction in hell. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 10, Verse 28 |
| Cebuano | Ug ayaw ninyo pagkahadloki sila nga magapatay sa lawas apan dili arang makapatay sa kalag; mao hinooy kahadloki ninyo ang arang makalaglag sa kalag ug lawas didto sa infierno. |
| Chinese | 那 殺 身 " 不 能 殺 靈 魂 的 、 不 要 怕 他 們 ． 惟 有 能 把 身 " ' 靈 魂 都 滅 在 地 獄 裡 的 、 正 要 伯 他 。 |
| Croatian | "Ne bojte se onih koji ubijaju tijelo, ali duše ne mogu ubiti. Bojte se više onoga koji može i dušu i tijelo pogubiti u paklu." |
| Danish | Og frygter ikke for dem, som slå Legemet ihjel, men ikke kunne slå Sjælen ihjel; men frygter hellere for ham, som kan fordærve både Sjæl og Legeme i Helvede. |
| Dutch | En vreest u niet voor degenen, die het lichaam doden, en de ziel niet kunnen doden; maar vreest veel meer Hem, Die beide ziel en lichaam kan verderven in de hel. |
| Finnish | Älkääkä peljätkö niitä, jotka tappavat ruumiin, mutta eivät voi tappaa sielua; vaan ennemmin peljätkää häntä, joka voi sekä sielun että ruumiin hukuttaa helvettiin. |
| French | Ne craignez pas ceux qui tuent le corps et qui ne peuvent tuer l`âme; craignez plutôt celui qui peut faire périr l`âme et le corps dans la géhenne. |
| German | Und fürchtet euch nicht vor denen, die den Leib töten, und die Seele nicht können töten; fürchtet euch aber vielmehr vor dem, der Leib und Seele verderben kann in der Hölle. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Janganlah takut kepada mereka yang membunuh badan, tetapi tidak berkuasa membunuh jiwa. Takutlah kepada Allah yang berkuasa membinasakan baik badan maupun jiwa di dalam neraka. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Janganlah kamu takut akan orang yang membunuh tubuh, dan yang tiada berkuasa mematikan jiwa; tetapi yang terutama sekali hendaklah kamu takuti Dia, yang berkuasa membinasakan baik tubuh atau jiwa di dalam neraka. |
| Italian | E non abbiate paura di quelli che uccidono il corpo, ma non hanno potere di uccidere l'anima; temete piuttosto colui che ha il potere di far perire e l'anima e il corpo nella Geenna. |
| Latvian | Nebîstieties no tâ, kas nokauj miesu, bet dvçseli nespçj nonâvçt! Bet vairâk bîstieties no tâ, kas spçj dvçseli un miesu pazudinât ellç! |
| Manx Gaelic | As ny bee aggle erriu rouesyn varrys y corp, agh nagh jarg er yn annym y varroo: agh bee-jee ayns aggle smoo roishyn oddys annym as callin neesht y stroie ayns niurin. |
| Maori | A kaua e wehi i te hunga e whakamate nei i te tinana, a e kore nei e ahei te whakamate i te wairua; engari ia ko ta koutou e wehi ai, ko ia e kaha nei ki te whakangaro i te wairua raua tahi ko te tinana ki roto ki Kehena. |
| Norwegian | Og frykt ikke for dem som slår legemet ihjel, men ikke kan slå sjelen ihjel; men frykt heller for ham som kan ødelegge både sjel og legeme i helvede! |
| Portuguese | E não temais os que matam o corpo, e não podem matar a alma; temei antes aquele que pode fazer perecer no inferno tanto a alma como o corpo. |
| Rumanian | Nu vq temeyi de cei ce ucid trupul, dar cari nu pot ucide sufletul; ci temeyi-vq mai degrabq de Celce poate sq piardq wi sufletul wi trupul kn gheenq. |
| Shuar | Aya ayashin main ainia nu ashamkairap. Wakanin Máachmin ainiawai. Antsu wakanniasha ayashniasha mai jinium emesramnia asamtai Yus ashamkatarum.' |
| Spanish | No temáis a los que matan el cuerpo pero no pueden matar al alma. Más bien, temed a aquel que puede destruir tanto el alma como el cuerpo en el infierno. |
| Swahili | Msiwaogope wale wauao mwili, lakini hawawezi kuiua roho. Afadhali zaidi kumwogopa yule awezaye kuuangamiza mwili pamoja na roho katika moto wa Jehanamu. |
| Swedish | Och frukten icke för dem som väl kunna dräpa kroppen, men icke hava makt att dräpa själen, utan frukten fastmer honom som har makt att förgöra både själ och kropp i Gehenna. -- |
| Uma | Neo' -koi mpoka'eka' manusia' to doko' mpopatehi-koi, apa' uma ria kuasa-ra mpohuku' -koi hi rala naraka. To nipoka'eka' -le, Alata'ala, apa' mokuasa-i mpatehi-koi, pai' mokuasa wo'o-i mpohuku' -koi hi rala naraka. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-d-e-h-o-p-t-t-t-u" | |
-3 letters: outdate, pothead. | |
-4 letters: autoed, hatted, heptad, hotted, hutted, outate, outeat, patted, potted, pouted, putted, tatted, tauted, teapot, thoued, totted, touted, tutted, update. | |
-5 letters: adept, adopt, datto, death, depot, depth, doeth, ephod, hated, haute, hoped, opted, ouphe, outed, pated, petto, putto, taped, taupe, theta, toped, tophe, toted. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Images: Slideshow | 5. Quotations: Familiar 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Expressions 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Translations: Ancient 10. Bible Trace 11. Anagrams 12. Bibliography |
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