Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Purification |
PurificationNoun1. Cleaning by getting rid of impurities. 2. The act of purging of sin or guilt; "purification through repentance". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "purification" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Purification \Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion\, noun. [French expression purification, from Latin expression purificatio. See Purify.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definition |
Bible | Purification the process by which a person unclean, according to the Levitical law, and thereby cut off from the sanctuary and the festivals, was restored to the enjoyment of all these privileges. The great annual purification of the people was on the Day of Atonement (q.v.). But in the details of daily life there were special causes of cermonial uncleanness which were severally provided for by ceremonial laws enacted for each separate case. For example, the case of the leper (Lev. 13, 14), and of the house defiled by leprosy (14:49-53; see also Matt. 8:2-4). Uncleanness from touching a dead body (Num. 19:11; Hos. 9:4; Hag. 2:13; Matt. 23:27; Luke 11:44). The case of the high priest and of the Nazarite (Lev. 21:1-4, 10, 11; Num. 6:6, 7; Ezek. 44:25). Purification was effected by bathing and washing the clothes (Lev. 14:8, 9); by washing the hands (Deut. 21:6; Matt. 27:24); washing the hands and feet (Ex. 30:18-21; Heb. 6:2, "baptisms", R.V. marg., "washings;" 9:10); sprinkling with blood and water (Ex. 24:5-8; Heb. 9:19), etc. Allusions to this rite are found in Ps. 26:6; 51:7; Ezek. 36:25; Heb. 10:22. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Food & Agriculture | The process of holding contaminated live bivalve molluscs in clean seawater for a time sufficient to permit removal of microbiological contamination through normal filter-feeding processes so making them suitable for human consumption. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonym: PurificationSynonym: refinement. (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Cleanness | Noun: cleanness, cleanliness; Adjective: purity; cleaning; Verb: purification, defecation; Verb: purgation, lustration; detersion, abstersion; epuration, mundation; ablution, lavation, colature; disinfection; Verb: drainage, sewerage. |
Improvement | Reform, reformation; revision, radical reform; second thoughts, correction, limoe labor, refinement, elaboration; purification; oxidation; repair; (restoration); recovery. |
Simpleness | Elimination; sifting; Verb: purification; (cleanness). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Truck mounted water supply purification equipment, used for flood and vector control in Laredo, Texas, 1954. Credit: CDC. |  | 10/23/00 - TAN SON NHAT, Vietnam (AFPN) -- Members of the Vietnamese Red Cross and the 7th Military Region here greet a U.S. Air Force C-130 Hercules, Oct. 20. The C-130 delivered a water purification system, and other relief supplies and equipment. |
 | [Water - purification and conditioning] : [Miraflores Water purification plant sedimentation basin]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Church of the Purification (1731-35), southwest view, with Vologda River in winter, Vologda, Russia. Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540. |
 | Limestone used in purification of sugar obtained from beet. Brighton, Colorado. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The revolutionary purification is such that on a day of deliverance, a 14th of July, or a 10th of August, there is no longer a mob. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Because purification removes most IgM and IgA, the product consists almost entirely of IgG. It is known as gammaglobulin, immunoglobulin, or immune serum globulin. (references) | |
Sobel J, Mahon B, Mendoza C et al. A simple system for water purification and storage, handwashing, and beverage storage reduces fecal contamination of street-vended beverages in Guatemala. (references) | ||
Business | USAID has placed a wastewater purification system in an area of five hectares and built ten large basins. (references) | |
Filters and purification equipment belong to one of the few product areas that can be considered strictly environmental. (references) | ||
Currently, there are still reports of increasingly acute maintenance and operating problems at existing purification facilities. (references) | ||
Economic History | Philippines | Filtering and purifying machinery and apparatus for liquid waste and parts such as dialysis and electrodialysis apparatus, ozonators, reverse osmosis facilities and equipment, water filtration plants, filtration systems, filter cartridges, water purification equipment, ceramic filters, ultrafilters, microfilters, and filter presses. (references) |
Peru | Other best sales prospects include: drilling/boring and perforation machinery, conveyors, purification plants, pollution control equipment, transportation equipment, and parts. (references) | |
Panama | Other large projects included commercial shopping centers in Panama City, a water purification plant; and the rehabilitation of the Panama Canal Railway. (references) | |
Human Rights | Libya | The activities of the Purification Committees continued during the year. (references) |
Libya | The Purification Committees reportedly seized some "excessive" amounts of private wealth from members of the middle and affluent classes; the confiscated property was taken from the rich to be given to the poor, in an effort to appease the populace and to strengthen the Government's power and control over the country. (references) | |
Travel | Cote D'ivoire | Water and ice at the major hotels (Hotel Ivoire, Hotel Sofitel, Hotel Tiama, Novotel and Golf Hotel) are considered safe for consumption since these hotels have their own purification plants. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Purification" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.06% of the time. "Purification" is used about 206 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.06% | 202 | 21,454 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.94% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 206 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "purification": air purification ♦ natural purification ♦ purification of water ♦ purification plant ♦ Purification Rundown ♦ sewage purification ♦ the purification ♦ wastewater purification ♦ water of purification ♦ Water Purification ♦ water purification plant. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "purification": co-purification, hplc-purification, self-purification, self-purification, sewage-purification, water-purification. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "purification"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | pastrim (abrasion, abstersion, clarification, clean, cleaning, cleanup, clearance, defecation, depuration, lustration, mopping, purge, rectification, refinement, refining, scour, scouring, scrub, scrub up, sweep), dëlirje. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تنقية (purgation, refinement, refining), تطهير (cleaning, cleansing, decontamination, purgation, purge, purging, sanitation, sterilization), تطهر, طهارة (asepsis, candor, candour, chastity, honor, honour, innocence, prudery, pureness, purgation, purity, refinement, righteousness, saintliness, tidiness, virtue). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | очистване (ablution, ablutions, abstersion, cleaning, cleansing, depuration, purge, purging, removal, trimming), продухване (blowing, expulsion, scavenging), пречистване (filtering, filtration, purge, rectification, refinement, scavenging). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 洗净. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | rensning (brushing, cleaning, conditioning, decontamination, dirt removal, do up, refining, scavenging, scraping, scrubbing, shake, shaking, stripping, winnowing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | zuivering (refining). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | puhdistus (cleaning, cleansing, purge). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | purification, épuration (purgation, purge). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Klärung (clarification, clearance, settlement), Reinigung (bowdlerization, chores, cleaning, cleansing, dry cleaner's, dry cleaning, purgation, refinement, refining, shampoo). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κάθαρση (catharsis, expiation, expurgation, lustration, purgation, quarantine), καθαρισμός (cleaning), εξαγνισμόσ (expiation, lustration, purgation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מרוק (anoitnting, cleansing, inunction, polished, polishing), זקוק (distillation, refinement, sublimation), זכוך (cleansing, rarefaction, sublimation), חטוי (cleansing, disinfection), "ת קות (cleansing), "ז"קקות (refining, standing in need), "ז"ככות (clarification), "ט"רות (catharsis), ט"ור (absolute, abstersion, catharsis, cleaning up, cleansing, decontamination, pure, purgation, purge, sheer, straight, unadulterated, unalloyed), ט"ר" (cleansing, lustration, purity). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | tisztítás (brushing, clarification, cleaning, defecation, elutriation, flush, purgation, purge, purging, purifying, refinement, scaling, scour, scrubbing, settling). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | penyucian (catharsis, cleansing, gushing, purgation, purging, sanctification), pembersihan (cleaning, cleansing, cleanup, clearance, mopping up, purgation, purge, purging, riddance), membersihkan (clean up, purgative, rid), istinja (ritual cleansing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | purificazione (purgation, purging), depurazione (depuration). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 斎' , "斎 (religious abstinence), 浄化 (cleanup). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | おはらい, しょうじ" (child, concentration, devotion, diligence, mean person, narrow-minded person, small person), きよめ, さいかいもくよく (washing), さいかい (another meeting, confronting, facing, meeting, meeting again, reopening, resumption, reunion, the bottom, the cellar, the lowest rank), せいせい (accurately, create, due west, exactly, feel refreshed, feel relieved, form, generate, growing up, lively, neatly, punctually, symmetrical), かくせい (awake, awakening, cleaning up, disillusion, previous age, purging, waking up), "り (foxes and badgers, hardening, sly fellow, stiffness, swelling), けっさい (approval, liquidation, religious abstinence, sanction, settlement), じゅ"か (acclimate, acclimation, elimination of non-essential elements, persuading by heavy-handed methods), じょうか (cleanup, land near the castle, love song, passion, sacred fire), はらい (account, bill, exorcism, payment). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | glenney (act of vindication, chip, clarification, clarification honey, clarify, clean, cleaner, clearance; glass, discharge, draw, draw as fowl, dust, expurgate, freshen, grub, pay off, purge, purify, rid, satisfaction, scale, scavenge, settlement, sink, try out, try out as metal, weed, wipe), aaghlenney (refine, refining). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | urificationpay purificação (abstersion, catharsis, cleaning, comb-out, deputation, expurgation, lustration, purgation, refinement, renovation, sweetening), saneamento (sanitation), depuração (depuration). (various references) purjare, curãţare (abstersion, sponge, wipe), afinare. (various references) очищение (abstersion, catharsis, clarification, defecation, depuration, evacuation, lustration, purge, rectification, refinement, sublimation). (various references) prečišćavanje (depuration, refinement), čišćenje (cleaning, cleansing, cleanup, defecation, sweep, sweeping). (various references) purificación (Candlemas, purifying, refinement). (various references) rening (catharsis, cleaning, purge). (various references) การชำระล้างบาป, การทำให้บริสุทธิ์. (various references) temizleme (clarification, cleaning, cleanup, clearance, expurgation, purgation, purge, sweep, wipe), tasfiye (cleanup, clearance, close out, combout, dissolution, house cleaning, liquidation, purge, refinement, settlement, takeout, winding up), arıtma (clarification, decontamination, refinement). (various references) ректифікація (rectification), рафінування (fining, refinement), очистка (clearing, offscouring, scouring, scrubbing, weeding), обряд очищення. (various references) sự lọc trong (depuration), sự l m sạch (abstersion, purgation, purge). (various references) puredigaeth (ablution), glanhad (cleansing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | expiatio, expiatione, expiationem, expiationis, expiationum, purgationem, purgationis, purificatio, purificatione, purificationem, purificationis. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | ýaozhdâthrem, ýaozhdadhâiti. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Luke Chapter 2, Verse 22 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai ote eplhsqhsan ai hmerai tou kaqarismou autwn kata ton nomon mwsewV anhgagon auton eiV ierosoluma parasthsai tw kuriw |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et postquam impleti sunt dies purgationis eius secundum legem Mosi tulerunt illum in Hierusalem ut sisterent eum Domino |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | And æfter þam þe hyre clænsunge dagas gefyllede wæron. æfter moyses æ. hi læddon hyne on hierusalem þæt hi hine gode gesettun |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And aftir that the daies of the purgacioun of Marie weren fulfillid, aftir Moyses lawe, thei token hym into Jerusalem, to offre hym to the Lord, as it is writun in the lawe of the Lord, |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And when the tyme of their purificacio (after the lawe of Moyses) was come they brought him to Hierusalem to present hym to ye Lorde |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord; |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord; |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And when the necessary days for making them clean by the law of Moses had come to an end, they took him to Jerusalem to give him to the Lord |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Luke Chapter 2, Verse 22 |
| Cebuano | Ug sa pag-abut na sa panahon alang sa pagputli kanila sumala sa kasugoan ni Moises, ang bata ilang gidala sa Jerusalem aron ihalad siya ngadto sa Ginoo |
| Croatian | Kad se zatim po Mojsijevu Zakonu navršiše dani njihova èišæenja, poniješe ga u Jeruzalem da ga prikažu Gospodinu - |
| Danish | Og da deres Renselsesdage efter Mose Lov vare fuldkommede, bragte de ham op til Jerusalem for at fremstille ham for Herren, |
| Dutch | En als de dagen harer reiniging vervuld waren, naar de wet van Mozes, brachten zij Hem te Jeruzalem, opdat zij Hem den Heere voorstelden; |
| Finnish | Ja kun heidän puhdistuspäivänsä, Mooseksen lain mukaan, olivat täyttyneet, veivät he hänet ylös Jerusalemiin asettaaksensa hänet Herran eteen |
| French | Et, quand les jours de leur purification furent accomplis, selon la loi de Moïse, Joseph et Marie le portèrent Jérusalem, pour le présenter au Seigneur, - |
| German | Und da die Tage ihrer Reinigung nach dem Gesetz Mose's kamen, brachten sie ihn gen Jerusalem, auf daß sie ihn darstellten dem HERRN |
| Haitian Creole | Apre sa, jou a te rive pou Jozèf ak Mari te al fè sèvis pou yo ka mete Mari nan kondisyon fè sèvis Bondye dapre lalwa Moyiz. Lè sa a, yo pote tipitit la lavil Jerizalèm pou mete l' apa pou Bondye, |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Tibalah saatnya Yusuf dan Maria menjalankan adat penyucian menurut hukum Musa. Jadi mereka membawa Anak itu ke Yerusalem untuk diserahkan kepada Tuhan. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Setelah sudah lepas pantang menurut Taurat Musa, maka dibawanya kanak-kanak itu ke Yeruzalem hendak menyerahkan Dia kepada Tuhan, |
| Italian | Quando venne il tempo della loro purificazione secondo la Legge di Mosè, portarono il bambino a Gerusalemme per offrirlo al Signore, |
| Manx Gaelic | As tra va laghyn nyn ghlenney, cordail rish leigh Voses, er jeet, hug ad lhieu eh gys Jerusalem, dy hebbal eh gys y Chiarn, |
| Maori | A ka rite nga ra e purea ai te whaea, e whakaritea ai te ture a Mohi, ka kawea ia e ratou ki Hiruharama, kia tapaea ki te Ariki. |
| Norwegian | Og da deres renselses-dager efter Mose lov var til ende, førte de ham op til Jerusalem for å stille ham frem for Herren - |
| Portuguese | Terminados os dias da purificação, segundo a lei de Moisés, levaram-no a Jerusalém, para apresentá-lo ao Senhor |
| Rumanian | Wi, cknd s`au kmplinit zilele pentru curqyirea lor, dupq Legea lui Moise, Iosif wi Maria au adus Pruncul la Ierusalim, ca sq -L knfqyiweze knaintea Domnului, - |
| Shuar | Tura Muisais akiiniatniunam akupkamia Núnisan, tsawantri jeamtai, Yusa Uunt Jeen Jerusarénnum uchin Yus iiktustai tusar Júkiarmiayi. |
| Swahili | Siku zilipotimia za Yosefu na Maria kutakaswa kama walivyotakiwa na Sheria ya Mose, wazazi hao walimchukua mtoto, wakaenda naye Yerusalemu ili wamweke mbele ya Bwana. |
| Swedish | Och när deras reningsdagar hade gått till ända, de som voro föreskrivna i Moses' lag, förde de honom upp till Jerusalem för att bära honom fram inför Herren, |
| Uma | Oti toe, rata-mi tempo-na Yusuf pai' Maria kana mpobabehi ada ka'oti-na mo'ana', ntuku' Atura Pue' to na'uki' Musa. Nto'u toe, ana'lei-ra toe rakeni hilou hi Yerusalem bona ratonu hi Pue', |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "purification": purifications. (additional references) | |
| |
"Purification" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: parification, prurification, purificaton, pusification. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "purification" (pronounced pyuh'rufukā"shun) |
| 9 | -r u f u k ā" sh u n | verification. |
| 8 | -u f u k ā" sh u n | acidification, amplification, certification, classification, codification, decertification, deification, disqualification, diversification, edification, falsification, fortification, gasification, gratification, identification, intensification, magnification, modification, notification, nullification, ossification, pacification, personification, qualification, quantification, ramification, ratification, recertification, reclassification, rectification, reunification, sanctification, saponification, unification, vilification. |
| 7 | -f u k ā" sh u n | pontification, suffocation. |
| 6 | -u k ā" sh u n | adjudication, advocation, allocation, application, authentication, avocation, communication, complication, convocation, dedication, desiccation, domestication, duplication, education, equivocation, eradication, excommunication, explication, implication, indication, intoxication, invocation, medication, misallocation, misapplication, miscommunication, multiplication, prefabrication, prognostication, provocation, reallocation, rededication, replication, revocation, vindication. |
| 5 | -k ā" sh u n | abdication, altercation, bifurcation, clarification, confiscation, demarcation, detoxication, detoxification, disembarkation, dislocation, echolocation, electrification, embarkation, evocation, fabrication, gentrification, glorification, indemnification, justification, location, lubrication, misidentification, mummification, obfuscation, publication, relocation, simplification, sophistication, specification, syndication, telecommunication, vacation, vocation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, activation, adaptation, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alphabetization, alteration, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authorization, automation, aviation, balkanization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, coagulation, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communization, compensation, compilation, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, divination, documentation, domination, donation, dramatization, duration, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, facilitation, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gastrulation, generalization, generation, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, gradation, graduation, granulation, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indentation, indexation, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, machination, magnetization, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscreation, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, nucleation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, punctuation, quotation, radiation, radicalization, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recitation, reclamation, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, recuperation, redecoration, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanitation, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, specialization, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, summation, superstation, tabulation, taxation, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, vibration, victimization, violation, visitation, visualization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-f-i-i-i-n-o-p-r-t-u" | |
-3 letters: furcation. | |
-4 letters: fraction, friction, fruition, optician, pontific, uranitic. | |
-5 letters: antifur, apricot, aprotic, atropin, auction, cantrip, caption, carotin, caution, courant, curtain, faction, faitour, fiction, frantic, functor, incipit, infarct, infract, noritic, opuntia, paction, parotic, piratic, porcini, puranic, puritan, rainout, ruction, upfront, utopian. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-f-i-i-i-n-o-p-r-t-u" | |
+1 letter: purifications. | |
+2 letters: preunification. | |
+4 letters: prequalification. | |
+5 letters: prequalifications. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Translations: Ancient 15. Bible Trace 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
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