Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Pumped |
PumpedAdjective1. (informal) tense with excitement and enthusiasm as from a rush of adrenaline; "we were really pumped up for the race"; "he was so pumped he couldn't sleep". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "pumped" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1749. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Food & Agriculture | Of a tree having decayed heartwood. Source: European Union. (references) |
Slang | Adjective. Source: It derived from he literal meaning, to fill something. Definition: Excited. Context: It is used before doing something or going somewhere. Social Source: The Willcox Gang. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A laser system generally consists of three important parts:
- An energy source (usually referred to as the pump or pump source);
- A gain medium or laser medium;
- A mirror, or system of mirrors, forming an optical resonator.
Schematic diagram of a typical laser, showing the three major parts.The pump source is the part that provides energy to the laser system. Examples of pump sources include electrical discharges, flashlamps, arc lamps, light from another laser, chemical reactions and even explosive devices. The type of pump source used principally depends on the gain medium, and this also determines how the energy is transmitted to the medium; A helium-neon (HeNe) laser uses an electrical discharge in the helium-neon gas mixture, a Nd:YAG laser uses a light focussed from a flashlamp, and excimer lasers use a chemical reaction.
The gain medium is the major determining factor of the wavelength of operation, and other properties, of the laser. There are hundreds if not thousands of different gain media in which laser operation has been achieved. The gain medium is excited by the pump source to produce a population inversion, and it is in the gain medium that spontaneous and stimulated emission of photons takes place, leading to the phenomena of optical gain or optical amplification.
Examples of different gain media include:
The optical resonator, or optical cavity, in its simplest form is two parallel mirrors placed around the gain medium. Light from the medium, produced by spontaneous emission, is reflected by the mirrors back into the medium, where it may be amplified by stimulated emission. The light may reflect from the mirrors (and thus pass through the gain medium) many hundreds of times before exiting the cavity. In more complex lasers, configurations with four or more mirrors forming the cavity are used. The design and alignment of the mirrors with respect to the medium is crucial to determining the exact operating wavelength and other attributes of the laser system.
- Liquids, such as dye lasers. These are usually organic chemical solvents, such as methanol, ethanol or ethylene glycol, to which are added chemical dyes such as coumarin, rhodamine and fluorescein. The exact chemical configuration of the dye molecules determines the operation wavelength of the dye laser.
- Gases, such as carbon dioxide, argon, krypton and mixtures such as helium-neon. These lasers are often pumped by electrical discharge.
- Solids, such as crystals and glasses. The solid host materials are usually doped with an impurity such as chromium, neodymium, erbium or titanium ions. Typical hosts include YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet), YLF (yttrium lithium fluoride), sapphire (aluminum oxide) and silica glass. Examples of solid-state laser media include Nd:YAG, Ti:sapphire, Cr:sapphire (usually known as ruby), Cr:LiSAF, Er:YLF and Nd:glass. Solid-state lasers are usually pumped by flashlamps or light from another laser.
- Semiconductors, a type of solid, in which the movement of electrons between material with differing dopant levels can cause laser action. Semiconductor lasers are typically very small, and can be pumped with a simple electric current, enabling them to be used in consumer devices such as compact disc players. See semiconductor lasers.
Other optical devices, such as spinning mirrors, modulators, filters and absorbers may be placed within the optical resonator, to produce a variety of effects on the laser output, such as altering the wavelength of operation or the production of pulses of laser light.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Laser construction."
Synonyms: PumpedSynonyms: pumped up(p) (adj), pumped(p) (adj), pumped-up(a) (adj), wired (adj). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I ran. I ran until my muscles burned and my veins pumped battery acid (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls) I'm pumped! Let the healing begin (Good Will Hunting; writing credit: Matt Damon; Ben Affleck) When they're young, they have their teeth straightened, their tonsils taken out and gallons of vitamins pumped into them (Love in the Afternoon; writing credit: Claude Anet; I.A.L. Diamond) We haven't any children, unless Ramona just pumped one out and didn't tell me about it. (Neighbors; writing credit: Thomas Berger; Larry Gelbart) | |
Lyrics | Pumped a lot of tane down in New Orleans, (PROUD MARY; performing artist: Creedence Clearwater Revival) Ya got me pumped (Vibeology; performing artist: Paula Abdul) Your body is pumped (Vibeology; performing artist: Paula Abdul) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
References | |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Anchovy being pumped from fishing vessel to shore facility. Credit: Fisheries. |  | The pipeline running across the image is the dredge pipe that pumped sediment into the cells containing the dredge material. A berm is being built to hold sediments in place. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | During restoration construction of the marsh platform, sediments being pumped into the cells created to contain the dredge material. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Looking directly at the sediment being pumped into the containment dike. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | A bird's eye view of sediment being pumped onto the marsh platform. This image was used in the NOAA Restoration Center brochure that was published in May 2001. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | An extreme close up view of sediment being pumped onto the marsh platform. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Marsh fragmentation. The mud was pumped in to fill the fragmented marsh. The marsh was then planted as part of the restoration. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Sediment-laden water is pumped as part of a dredging operation at Lake Panorama in central Iowa. Credit: Lynn Betts. |
 | Liquid manure from a hog feeding operation in northeast Iowa is being pumped onto cropland with a honey wagon. Credit: Tim McCabe. |  | A Redings Mill, Missouri, firefighter sprays water pumped from a portable tank filled with water from a dry hydrant. Dry hydrants and portable tanks greatly improve fire fighting capabilities in rural areas. RC&D offices provide assistance to rural fire d. Credit: Charlie Rahm. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "DYE Laser 3" by Rodrigo Galindo Commentary: "Views of an Ar-Ion Pumped, Rhodamine 6G DYE Laser at work." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The fat man pumped the gasoline and the needle turned on the pump dial, recording the amount |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The heart's lower chambers beat so chaotically and fast that no blood is pumped. (references) | |
As a result, the heart beats less frequently but more effectively, and more blood is pumped into the arteries. (references) | ||
Blood is pumped out of the heart through the pulmonary arteries to a network of capillaries that surround the alveoli. (references) | ||
Business | The liquids stream from the Shedgum and Uthmaniyah plants is sent to an NGL fractionation plant at Ju’aymah on the Gulf or via a pipeline to another fractionation plant in Yanbu on the Red Sea. The liquids from Berri are pumped either to Ju’aymah or to a fractionation system at Ras Tanura, which also receives gas from Abqaiq and the Ras Tanura Refinery. (references) | |
It would provide both primary and secondary treatment of up to 50 million gallons a day. The primary treated waters are currently processed at the International Wastewater Treatment Plant located in the Tijuana River Valley, and would be pumped approximately 8.5 miles southeast to be treated with the same sewage-pond technology used in the United States. (references) | ||
Economic History | Yemen | Water pumped from aquifers is depleting rapidly and generally is not suitable for drinking. (references) |
Bahrain | U.S. restaurant franchises continue to do well here; casual dining businesses have been some of the first to register the trickle-down of new money being pumped into the economy. (references) | |
Bahrain | Despite comparatively big outlays for project spending, the government has not escaped some criticism that given social needs not enough revenues are being pumped back into the economy. (references) | |
Human Rights | Korea | The woman reported severe beatings, torture involving water forced into a victim's stomach with a rubber hose and pumped out by guards jumping on a board placed across the victim's abdomen, and chemical and biological warfare experiments allegedly conducted on inmates by the army. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Pumped" is generally used as a lexical verb (past participle) -- approximately 61.85% of the time. "Pumped" is used about 367 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 61.85% | 227 | 19,961 |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 33.79% | 124 | 28,785 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 4.36% | 16 | 87,710 |
| Total | 100.00% | 367 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "pumped": pumped up ♦ separately pumped electron gun. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "pumped": pumped-out, pumped-up. | |
Ending with "pumped": diode-pumped, fully-pumped, hand-pumped, non-pumped. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "pumped"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Chinese | 用抽机抽 (pumped-up, Pumping). (various references) | |
Danish | med kerneråd. (various references) | |
Dutch | kernrot (discoloured heartwood, red heart, stain). (various references) | |
French | pourri, pompai, pompés, pompée, pompé, pompèrent, pompa. (various references) | |
German | pumpte, gepumpt. (various references) | |
Greek | όταν η πίεση δεν είναι αρκετή,για να ανεβάσει φυσικά το πετρέλαιο μέχρι την επιφάνεια,τότε ανατρέχουμε στην άντληση:με εμβολοφόρο αντλία π (it may be pumped to the surface by means of beam pumping units or electric or hydraulic subsurface pumps:or gas lift(gas pumping)may be used), εξωτερικό ηλεκτρονικό κανόνι (external gun, separately pumped electron gun), εάν η πίεση του πετρελαίου συνεχίζει να ελαττώνεται,παρά την εκ νέου έγχυση των αυτομάτως διαφυγόντων αερίων,εφαρμόζουμε τη μέθοδο "DAS-LIFT",ε (in which gas is pumped into the tubing under high pressure), τα προϊόντα ανορύξεως αντλούνται και φορτώνονται σε φορτηγίδες (the spoil is pumped up and discharged to barges), τα προϊόντα ανορύξεως αντλούνται και απομακρύνονται (the spoil is pumped up and discharged ashore), τα προϊόντα ανορύξεως αντλούνται και αδειάζονται σε φορτηγίδες (the spoil is pumped up and discharged to barges). (various references) | |
Hebrew | שאוב (bucket, drawn). (various references) | |
Italian | marcio (bad, festering, rotten, rottened, rottens), cariato (carious, decayed). (various references) | |
Korean | 양수하는. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | umpedpay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | cariada, cardida. (various references) | |
Russian | качать наполненный. (various references) | |
Spanish | trunfo, chanoso. (various references) | |
Swedish | pumpade. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words ending with "pumped": overpumped, repumped. (additional references) | |
| |
"Pumped" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: pompe, pompei, pumled, pummled, pupid. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "pumped" (pronounced pu"mpt) |
| 4 | -u" m p t | bumped, dumped, humped, jumped, lumped, plumped, slumped, stumped, thumped, trumped. |
| 3 | -m p t | attempt, camped, clamped, contempt, cramped, crimped, damped, decamped, encamped, exempt, limped, preempt, prompt, revamped, stamped, stomped, swamped, tempt, unkempt. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-m-p-p-u" | |
-1 letter: umped, upped. | |
-2 letters: dump, dupe, pump. | |
-3 letters: due, dup, emu, med, mud, ped, pep, pud, pup, ump. | |
-4 letters: de, ed, em, me, mu, pe, um, up. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-m-p-p-u" | |
+1 letter: plumped. | |
+2 letters: peplumed, plumiped, repumped, unmapped. | |
+3 letters: empurpled, mudcapped, plumipeds, plumpened. | |
+4 letters: mudpuppies, mudskipper, overpumped, unprompted. | |
+5 letters: cypripedium, mucopeptide, mudskippers, pompadoured, precomputed, promptitude, pseudomorph, pumpkinseed. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
