Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Pruning |
PruningNoun1. Something that has been pruned off of a plant. 2. The act of trimming a plant. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "pruning" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1532. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Biology & Biotechnology | Generally, the cutting away from a tree of its superfluous growth, so as to improve its development. Source: European Union. (references) |
Computing | Reducing or narrowing the alternatives, normally used in the context of reducing possibilities in a branching tree structure, such as the search through a problem space, discarding certain nodes from the search tree. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | The removal of canes, shoots, leaves and other living vegetative parts of the vine to obtain equilibrium between the development of vegetative parts and fruit, and to establish and maintain the vine in some predetermined shape. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A)generally, the considered cutting away of superfluous growth including roots from any plant, so as to improve its development, fruitfulness, etc. ; b)more particularly, the considered removal, close to or flush with the stem, of side branches, live or dead, and of multiple leaders from a standing, generally plantation-grown, tree, for the improvement of the tree or its timber, i. e. stem pruning. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| The spurs and fruit canes ( rods ) left on the arms of the vine at pruning ; the canes and other parts of the vine which have been removed at pruning. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Clipping to shape e. g. , for the Christmas tree market or for a topiary. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In order to obtain a better understanding of how to prune plants properly, it is useful to have some underlying knowledge of how pruning works, and how it affects the way in which plants grow.
Plants form new tissue in an area called the meristem, located near the tips of roots and shoots, where
active cell division takes place. Meristem growth is aimed at ensuring that leaves are quickly elevated into
sunlight, and that roots are able to penetrate deeply into the soil. Once adequate height and length is
achieved by the stems and roots, they will begin to thicken to give support to the plant. On the shoots,
these growing tips of the plant are known as apical buds.
The apical bud (or tip) produces the growth hormone auxin, which not only promotes cell division, but
also diffuses downwards and inhibits the development of lateral bud growth which would otherwise
compete with the apical tip for light and nutrients. Removing the apical tip and it’s suppressive hormone,
allows the lower dormant lateral buds to develop, and the buds between the leaf stalk and stem produce
new shoots which compete to become the lead growth. Manipulating this natural response to damage
(known as the principle of apical dominance) by processes such as pruning (as well as coppicing and
pollarding) allows the horticulturist to determine the shape, size and productivity of many fruiting trees
and bushes.
The main aim when pruning fruit trees is usually to obtain a decent crop of fruit rather than a tree with an
abundance of lush yet unproductive foliage. Unpruned trees tend to produce large crops of small,
worthless fruit often damaged by pests and diseases, and much of the crop is out of reach at the top of the
tree. Branches can become broken by the weight of the crop, and the cropping may become biennial (that
is, only bearing fruit every other year). Overpruned trees on the other hand tend to produce light crops of
large, flavourless fruit that does not store well. Pruning is therefore carried out to achieve a balance
between shoot growth and fruit production.
Formative pruning of apple (Malus domesticata) and pear (Pyrus communis) trees (the ‘pome’ fruits- the
‘stone’ fruits such as cherries, plums, gages, etc have different requirements and should not be pruned
during the dormant months) should be carried out during the dormant winter months between November
and March during the early years of the tree’s life in order to develop a strong framework capable of
bearing the weight of the crops that will be borne in later years. This involves hard pruning, although in
later years pruning will be lighter and carried out in order to encourage fruiting.
The Maiden Tree
A maiden whip (that is, a one year old tree with no side shoots) should be pruned to a bud with two buds
below it at about 30” from the ground immediately after planting in order to produce primary branches
during the first growing season.
A feathered maiden (that is, a one year old tree with several side branches) should have it’s main stem
pruned back to three or four strong shoots at 30” from the ground. Side shoots should be shortened by
two thirds of their length to an upward or outward facing bud. Lower shoots should be removed flush
with the stem.
The Two Year Old Tree
Remove any lower shoots and prune between three and five of the best placed shoots by half to an
upwards or outwards facing bud in order to form what will become the tree's main structural branches.
Remove any inwards facing shoots.
The Three Year Old Tree
Prune the leading shoots of branches selected to extend the framework by half to a bud facing in the
desired direction. Select four good laterals to fill the framework and shorten these by a half. Prune any
remaining laterals to four buds to form fruiting spurs.
The Four Year Old Tree
The tree will have begun to fruit and only limited formative pruning is now required. Shorten leaders by
one third and prune laterals not required to extend the framework to four buds.
From year five onwards
the tree is considered to be established and should be annually pruned as described in the following
section.
Before pruning it is important to distinguish between spur bearing and tip bearing varieties. The former,
which is the most common type, bear most of their fruit on older wood, and include apples such as
‘Coaxes Orange Pippin’, ‘James Grieve’ and ‘Sunset’, and the pears ‘Conference’, ‘Doyenne du
Commice’ and ‘Williams Bon Chretien’. Tip bearers on the other hand produce most of their fruit buds
at the tips of slender shoots grown the previous summer, and include the apples ‘Worcester Pearmain’
and ‘Irish Peach’ and the pears ‘Jargonelle’ and ‘Josephine de Malines’.
There are basically three types of pruning that are applied once the main shape of the tree has been
established. These are;
1) Spur pruning;.
Spur bearing varieties form spurs naturally, but spur growth can also be induced.
2) Renewal pruning;
This also depends on the tendency of many apple and pear trees to form flower buds
on unpruned two year old laterals. It is a technique best utilised for the strong laterals on the outer part of
the tree where there is room for such growth.
3) Regulatory pruning;
This is carried out on the tree as a whole, and is aimed at keeping the tree and it’s
environment healthy, eg, by keeping the centre open so that air can circulate, removing dead or diseased
wood, preventing branches from becoming over crowded (branches should be roughly 18” apart and
spurs not less than 9” apart along the branch framework), and preventing any branches from crossing.
Tip bearers should be pruned lightly in winter using the regulatory system (see above). any maiden shoots
less than 9” in length should be left untouched as they have fruit buds at their tips. Longer shoots are spur
pruned to prevent over-crowding and to stimulate the production of more short tip bearing shoots the
following year. Branch leaders are ‘tipped’, removing the top three or four buds to a bud facing in the
desired direction to make them branch out and so produce more tip bearing shoots.
Overview
Formative Pruning Of Bush Trees
Pruning The Cropping Tree
Pruning Of Tip Bearers
See also
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pruning fruit trees."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Sharpness | Wedge; knife edge, cutting edge; blade, edge tool, cutlery, knife, penknife, whittle, razor, razor blade, safety razor, straight razor, electric razor; scalpel; bistoury, lancet; plowshare, coulter, colter; hatchet, ax, pickax, mattock, pick, adze, gill; billhook, cleaver, cutter; scythe, sickle; scissors, shears, pruning shears, cutters, wire cutters, nail clipper, paper cutter; sword; (arms); bodkin; (perforator); belduque, bowie knife, paring knife; bushwhacker; drawing knife, drawing shave; microtome; chisel, screwdriver blade; flint blade; guillotine. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Pruning |
| English words defined with "pruning": Averruncator ♦ Cultrated, Cultriform ♦ down ♦ fine-tune, Frondation ♦ Garden shears ♦ Polish, Proin, Pruning hook, Pruning knife, pruning saw, Pruning shears ♦ Quenouille training ♦ refine ♦ secateurs, Serpette ♦ train. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "pruning": alpha/beta pruning, Articles interchanged ♦ BONSAI CULTURIST ♦ Chablis system of pruning, CHRISTMAS-TREE FARM WORKER, cypress tip moth ♦ dwarf tree grower ♦ FOREST WORKER ♦ games ♦ heavy pruning ♦ INSPECTOR, WREATH, Integrated Pest Management ♦ MANAGER, CHRISTMAS-TREE FARM, minimax ♦ niet genoteerde markt ♦ pruning the roots ♦ severe pruning, SUPERVISOR, CEMETERY WORKERS, supervisor, grove, supervisor, orchard, SUPERVISOR, TREE-FRUIT-AND-NUT FARMING ♦ TPS, trained tree, TREE PRUNER, TREE TRIMMER, tree trimmer, line clearance, tree-pruner, tree-trimming-line technician ♦ VINE PRUNER ♦ WREATH AND GARLAND MAKER. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | See the way the handle on her pruning shears matches her gardening clogs? (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) Then they got a couple of pruning hooks from the garden and fished me out ever so gently. (Sunset Blvd.; writing credit: Charles Brackett) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Landowner (right) explains the tree pruning process for Christmas trees to Charlie Conerly (right), NRCS RC&D Coordinator. [Slide 97CS3080]. Credit: Bob Nichols. |  | Early start on big pruning job. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Someday -- when they beat their spears into pruning hooks. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Presidential pruning. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Tulare County, California. Vineyard during pruning. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Pruning fruit trees. Placer County, California. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Francis Bacon | Natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Life, the Universe and Everything | Douglas Adams | In the end, it was the Sunday afternoons he couldn't cope with, and that terrible listlessness which starts to set in at about 2:55, when you know that you've had all the baths you can usefully have that day, that however hard you stare at any given paragraph in the papers you will never actually read it, or use the revolutionary new pruning technique it describes, and that as you stare at the clock the hands will move relentlessly on to four o'clock, and you will enter the long dark teatime of the soul. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | I earned my living by pruning trees. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | India | The Planning Commission calls for 8 percent economic growth for the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07), and recommends freezing government recruitment for the next five years, a 3 percent cut in existing staff, sharp pruning of subsidies and overhaul of the public distribution system. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Pruning" is generally used as a lexical verb (-ing form) -- approximately 53.63% of the time. "Pruning" is used about 179 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 53.63% | 96 | 33,456 |
| Noun (singular) | 31.84% | 57 | 44,859 |
| Noun (proper) | 8.94% | 16 | 87,710 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 5.59% | 10 | 111,207 |
| Total | 100.00% | 179 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "pruning": alpha/beta pruning ♦ Chablis system of pruning ♦ forward pruning ♦ heavy pruning ♦ heuristic pruning ♦ pruning hook ♦ pruning knife ♦ pruning saw ♦ pruning scissors ♦ pruning season ♦ pruning shear ♦ pruning shears ♦ pruning the roots ♦ severe pruning ♦ the Côte Rôtie ( France ) pruning system. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "pruning": pruning-hooks, pruning-knives. | |
Ending with "pruning": climber-pruning. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
tree pruning | 266 | hydrangeas pruning | 24 |
pruning | 229 | pruning saw | 23 |
pruning rose | 212 | cherry pruning tree | 23 |
lilac pruning | 144 | clematis pruning | 22 |
pruning tomato | 80 | pruning wisteria | 21 |
apple tree pruning | 79 | pruning hydrangea | 20 |
azalea pruning | 75 | pruning shears | 20 |
pruning shrub | 66 | fiskars pruning shears | 20 |
pruning rose bush | 50 | plant pruning | 19 |
pruning fruit tree | 49 | maple pruning tree | 19 |
grape pruning | 49 | pine tree pruning | 17 |
pruning tomato plant | 45 | climbing pruning rose | 17 |
pruning rhododendron | 43 | lilac pruning tree | 16 |
pruning rhododendrons | 39 | pruning spirea | 16 |
bush lilac pruning | 39 | butterfly bush pruning | 16 |
grape vine pruning | 36 | dogwood pruning tree | 16 |
japanese maple pruning | 32 | cherry pruning tree weeping | 15 |
felco pruning shears | 29 | pruning tool | 15 |
pruning bush | 28 | evergreens pruning | 14 |
peach tree pruning | 25 | bonsai pruning | 13 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "pruning"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | tëharrje (weeding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تهذيب (breeding, cultivation, culture, discipline, edification, expurgation, polish, politeness, precept, purgation, refinement, reformation, retouch, revision, sublimation, urbanity), تقليم (clipping, prune), تشذيب (clipping). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | градинарски ножици (pruning scissors, secateurs), градинарски нож (pruners, pruning knife). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 修剪 (Prune, Pruned, shorn, Spruced, Sprucing, trim). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | udtynding (blocking, decongestion, depletion, down-the-row thinning, gapping, intermediate cut, intermediate cutting, intermediate felling, lopping, pre-thinning, single, singling, thinning, thinning out, weeding), studsning (cutting back, lopping, prunning), snit (chipless cutting, cross section, cut, cutting without stock removal, prunning, section, shearing), om buske der bærer frugt (bearing units, bearing wood, brush), klipning (clipping, cutting up, prunning, shearing), kapning (cutting back, lopping, thinning out), grenkapning (lopping, thinning out), frugtsnit (prunning), formklipning (shearing, topiary), beskaering (lopping, prunning, thinning out), beskæring (clipping, tipping, topping, trimming), afstudsning (prunning). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | uitdunnen (down-the-row thinning, gapping, lopping, pre-thinning, thinning, thinning out, weeding), snoeihout (bearing units, bearing wood, brush), snoeien (clip, cut, prune, shear), opsnoeien (prune), boomsnoeien (prunning), boomsnoei (prunning), afslaan van dode takken. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | branĉotranĉilo (bill, pruning-knife). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | karsinta (elimination, lopping, trimming). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | taille (prunning), émondage, élagage. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Ausschneiden (cut away, cut out, prune, scrape out), Alternativenreduktion, Astung (lopping), Aufästung (lopping), Aufasten, Aufastung (lopping), Ausästen (lopping, prune, thinning out), Ästung (lopping), Ausputzen (adorn, clean out, clear, decorate, ornament, unblock), Tragholz (bearing units, bearing wood, brush), Baumschnitt (prunning), Beschneiden (circumcise, clip, curtail, cut, cut back, dress, lop, pare, prune, to clip, trim, trimming), beschneidung (circumcision, clipping, curtailing, curtailment, cut back, lopping, paring, trimming), Fruchtholz (bearing units, bearing wood, brush, fruiting lateral), Rebschnitt, Schnitt (average, crop, cut, cutting, edge, editing, incision, intersection, line, modeling, Nick, notch, pattern, scissored, section, serration, shape, slash, sliced, snip), Auslichten (thin out). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κλάδεμα (lopping, shearing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | קצוץ (chopped, chopping, curtailment, cut), 'זום (clipping, trimming). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | fanyesés, fametszés. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | potatura (branching, debranching, delimbing, disbranching, knotting, lopping, prunning, shearing, shragging, snedding, thinning out, trimming, trimming out). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 枝切り . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | せ"さい (cutting, delicate, fine, former wife, incompetence, lack of ability, late wife, nice, shearing, subtle, trimming, war damage), せ"てい (bilge, selection, ship's bottom, the late emperor), せ"し (combatant, death in action, former teacher, military history or annals, prehistory, puncture, soldier, stab, warrior, woman's slender fingers), かり"み (haircut, roundup), え きり. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 잘라냄. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | pollal (clip, clip on ticket, crop, dress, poll, prune), giarrey (abbreviate, abridge, abridging, axe, beat out, bob the tail; severance, bob; severance, carve, castrate, cleave, clip, clip as words; slicing, clip; slicing, condensation, condense, condensing, crop, crop as tail, curtail, curtailment, cut, cut away, cut back, cut short, cut up, disconnect, disconnection, dissect, erupt, eruption, flux, gash, hack, hew, incise, incision, infliction, intersect, intersection, lance, levy, lop, mark out, nicking, prune, puncture, reaping, scission, section, sever, shear, sink, slash, slit, snip, truncate). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | uningpray poda ornamental (shearing), poda (paring), vara de poda (bearing units, bearing wood, brush), vara de lenho (bearing units, bearing wood, brush), desrama (lopping, tipping, topping), desbrota (lopping). (various references) emondor (pruning knife), cosor (hook, pruning knife). (various references) подрезать отсечение. (various references) poda (pruning season). (various references) stamkvistning, klippning (clip, clipping, cut, cutting, haircutting, trimming), grenverksuttunning (lopping, thinning out), grengallring (lopping, thinning out), glesning (lopping, thinning out), beskärning (curtailment, paring, trimming), bärande ved (bearing units, bearing wood, brush). (various references) budama. (various references) скорочення (abatement, abbreviation, abridgement, abridgment, ax, axe, cancellation, castration, contraction, curtailment, cutback, retraction, retrenchment), спрощення (simplification, vulgarization), підрізування (clipping, paring, polling, trim). (various references) kéo tỉa cây (pruning-hook). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Date | Source | Isaiah Chapter 18, Verse 5 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Pro tou qerismou otan suntelesqh anqoV kai omfax anqhsh anqoV omfakizousa kai afelei ta botrudia ta mikra toiV drepanoiV kai taV klhmatidaV afelei kai katakoyei |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Ante messem enim totus effloruit et inmatura perfectio germinabit et praecidentur ramusculi eius falcibus et quae derelicta fuerint abscidentur excutientur |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Bifor rip forsothe al flourede out, and vnriyp perfeccioun buriownede; and ther shul ben hewe doun the litle braunches of it with sithis, and that weren laft, shul be kut awey. Thei shul ben shaken out, |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks, and take away and cut down the branches. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | For before the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with pruning-hooks, and take away and cut down the branches. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | For before the time of getting in the grapes, after the opening of the bud, when the flower has become a grape ready for crushing, he will take away the small branches with knives, cutting down and taking away the wide-stretching branches. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Isaiah Chapter 18, Verse 5 |
| Cebuano | Kay sa dili pa ang ting-ani, sa matapus ang pamulak, ug ang bulak mahimo nang humilinog nga bunga sa parras, pagaputlon niya ang mga sangang gagmay sa mga sanggot nga igkakapon, ug ang malamboong mga sanga iyang pagakuhaon ug pagaputlon. |
| Croatian | Prije berbe, kad loza ocvate i cvijet u grozdove dozri, nožima æe posjeæi mladice, povezati, ukloniti grane. |
| Danish | Thi før Høst, når Blomstring er endt, når Blomst sætter modnende Drue, afskærer han Rankerne med Knive, og Skuddene kapper han bort. |
| Dutch | Want voor den oogst, als de botte volkomen is, en de onrijpe druif rijp wordt na den bloesem, zo zal Hij de ranken met snoeimessen afsnijden, en de takken wegdoen en afkappen. |
| Finnish | Sillä ennen viininkorjuuta, kun kukinta on lopussa ja kukasta on tullut kypsyvä marja, hän hakkaa vesurilla köynnökset ja hävittää, katkoo varret. |
| French | Mais avant la moisson, quand la pousse est achevée, Quand la fleur devient un raisin qui mûrit, Il coupe les sarments avec des serpes, Il enlève, il tranche les ceps... |
| German | Denn vor der Ernte, wenn die Blüte vorüber ist und die Traube reift, wird man die Ranken mit Hippen abschneiden und die Reben wegnehmen und abhauen, |
| Hungarian | Mert aratás elõtt, ha a virágzás véget ér, és a virág érõ fürtté lészen, levágja a vesszõket metszõkésekkel, és a kacsokat eltávolítja és lemetszi. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Sebelum musim buah, waktu bunganya sudah gugur dan buah anggur belum masak di pohon, Sudan akan dihancurkan musuh, semudah pisau mengerat ranting-ranting dari pohon anggur. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Karena dahulu dari pada pupul besar, apabila sudah luruh bunganya dan buah anggur terang terus sengajakan masak, pada masa itu dikeratnya segala ranting-ranting dengan pisau perancung dan dipotongnya dan dibuangnya segala cabang. |
| Italian | Poiché prima della raccolta, quando la fioritura è finita e il fiore è diventato un grappolo maturo, egli taglier i tralci con roncole, strapper e getter via i pampini. |
| Maori | Hei mua hoki i te kotinga, kia ngahoro te puawai, kia puta ki te puawai he karepe e maoa haere ana, na ka hatepea atu e ia nga peka ririki ki te tapahi peka, a ko nga manga ka tangohia, ka tapahia ki raro. |
| Norwegian | For før høsten, når blomstringen er til ende, og blomsten blir til en modnende drue, da skjærer han rankene av med havekniver, og kvistene hugger han av og fører dem bort. |
| Portuguese | Pois antes da sega, quando acaba a flor e o gomo se torna uva prestes a amadurecer, ele cortará com foices os sarmentos e tirará os ramos, e os lançará fora. |
| Rumanian | Dar knainte de seceriw, cknd cade floarea, wi rodul se face aguridq, el taie kndatq mlqdiyele cu cosoare, ba taie chiar lqstarii wi -i aruncq...`` |
| Spanish | Porque antes de la cosecha, cuando la flor se acaba y se produce el fruto, se maduran las uvas. Entonces podará los brotes con podaderas, y quitará y cortará las ramas. |
| Swedish | Ty förrän skördetiden är inne, just när blomningen är slut och blomman förbytes i mognad druva, skall han avskära rankorna med vingårdskniv och hugga av rotskotten och skaffa dem bort. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Misspellings | |
"Pruning" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: proning, pronking, prunin, pruningt, Pruzine. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "pruning" (pronounced pruw"ning) |
| 5 | -r uw" n i ng | crooning. |
| 4 | -uw" n i ng | ballooning, cartooning, cocooning, impugning, swooning, tuning. |
| 3 | -n i ng | abandoning, abstaining, adjoining, adjourning, aligning, apportioning, ascertaining, assigning, attaining, auctioning, auditioning, awakening, awning, banning, bargaining, battening, beckoning, beginning, bemoaning, binning, blackening, bludgeoning, boning, branning, brightening, brining, broadening, Browning, burdening, burgeoning, burning, campaigning, caning, Canning, captioning, careening, cautioning, chaining, championing, chaperoning, cheapening, christening, churning, cleaning, cloning, clowning, coarsening, coining, combining, commissioning, complaining, concerning, conditioning, condoning, confining, conning, constraining, containing, convening, Corning, couponing, crowning, cunning, cushioning, dampening, darkening, dawning, deadening, deafening, declining, decommissioning, deepening, defining, demeaning, Denning, designing, detaining, determining, dining, Dinning, discerning, disciplining, disdaining, disheartening, disillusioning, divining, donning, Downing, draining, droning, drowning, Dunning, Durning, earning, enjoining, enlightening, entertaining, envisioning, evening, examining, explaining, fanning, fashioning, fastening, fattening, fawning, feigning, fining, finning, flattening, freshening, frightening, frowning, functioning, gaining, gardening, ginning, glistening, governing, greening, grinning, groaning, gunning, happening, hardening, hastening, headlining, heartening, heightening, honing, Horning, housecleaning, imagining, imprisoning, inning, intertwining, intervening, intoning, ironing, jawboning, jettisoning, joining, Kenning, leaning, learning, leavening, lengthening, lessening, lightening, lightning, likening, lining, listening, loaning, loosening, machining, maddening, maintaining, malfunctioning, Manning, margining, meaning, mentioning, midmorning, mining, moaning, morning, motioning, mourning, obtaining, opening, opining, ordaining, orphaning, outlining, overrunning, overtraining, overturning, owning, panning, pardoning, partitioning, penning, pertaining, petitioning, phoning, pining, pinning, planning, poisoning, positioning, postponing, preening, preplanning, provisioning, quarantining, questioning, quickening, raining, rationing, realigning, reasoning, reassigning, reawakening, reckoning, reclining, reconditioning, redefining, redesigning, redlining, reexamining, refining, refraining, regaining, reigning, reining, rejoining, relearning, remaining, reopening, repositioning, rerunning, resigning, restraining, retaining, retraining, returning, rezoning, ripening, ruining, running, saddening, sanctioning, scanning, screening, seasoning, sectioning, sharpening, shining, shortening, shunning, sickening, signing, sinning, siphoning, slackening, softening, spanning, spawning, spinning, spurning, staining, stationing, stiffening, stoning, straightening, straining, streamlining, strengthening, stunning, summoning, sunning, sustaining, sweetening, tanning, telephoning, thickening, thinning, threatening, tightening, toning, toughening, training, turning, twining, underlining, undermining, underpinning, unquestioning, unreasoning, vacationing, Vining, waning, warning, weakening, weaning, whining, whitening, widening, wining, winning, worsening, yawning, yearning, zoning. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "g-i-n-n-p-r-u" | |
-2 letters: inurn, purin, ruing, unpin, unrig, unrip. | |
-3 letters: girn, grin, grip, ping, pirn, prig, pung, puri, ring, ruin, rung. | |
-4 letters: gin, gip, gnu, gun, inn, nip, nun, pig, pin, piu, pug, pun, pur, rig, rin, rip, rug, run, urn. | |
-5 letters: in, nu, pi, un, up. | |
| Words containing the letters "g-i-n-n-p-r-u" | |
+1 letter: spurning. | |
+2 letters: inpouring, repugning, undraping, unripping, unsparing, upturning. | |
+3 letters: inpourings, plundering, preuniting, puncturing, purloining, replunging, unsphering, unwrapping, upbringing. | |
+4 letters: bankrupting, enrapturing, importuning, kerplunking, outpreening, prepunching, pronouncing, propounding, supervening, surprinting, uncrumpling, underpaying, uninspiring, unpromising, unpuckering, unsparingly, unstrapping, upbringings, upspringing. | |
+5 letters: blueprinting, interrupting, nonproducing, outsprinting, prenumbering, repugnancies, turpentining, underlapping, underpinning, underplaying, underpricing, unpretending, unstoppering, unsurprising. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Bible Trace 15. Derivations 16. Rhymes | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
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