Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Privilege

Definition: Privilege

Privilege

Noun

1. A special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all.

2. A right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right); "suffrage was the prerogative of white adult males".

3. (law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship.

Verb

1. Grant a privilege to.

2. Bestow a privilege upon.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "privilege" was first used: 12th century. (references)


Specialty Definition: Privilege

DomainDefinition

Diversity

Power and advantages benefiting a group derived from the historical oppression and exploitation of other groups. (references)

Law

A status relating to the rights of the House and its members and the priority of motions and actions on the floor of the House. "Privileged questions" relate to the order of legislative business while "questions of privilege" relate to matters affecting the safety, dignity or integrity of the House, or the rights, reputation or conduct of a member acting as a representative. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Synonyms: Privilege

Synonyms: exclusive right (n), perquisite (n), prerogative (n), favor (v), favour (v). (additional references)
Synonyms by domain: privileging (publishing & graphic artsbusiness, finance).

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Synonyms within Context: Privilege

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Dueness

Noun: due, dueness; right, privilege, prerogative, prescription, title, claim, pretension, demand, birthright. immunity, license, liberty, franchise; vested interest, vested right.

Exemption

Noun: exemption; absence; exception, immunity, privilege, release.

Permission

Grant, empower, charter, enfranchise, privilege, confer a privilege, license, authorize, warrant; sanction; intrust; (commission).

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Privilege

English words defined with "privilege": aloneBallastage, Bedright Bedrite, birthright, Bote, Burgess-shipcinch, County corporateDispauper, Disprivilege, Dryfland, Dumpageeasement, Elective franchise, Englishry, entirely, Exclusionist, exclusivelyfacultative, Faldage, Faldfee, favor, favour, fee, franchisegrant, ground rentHong merchantIndulto, Infangthef, Intercommonageletters patent, license fee, license tax, licensing feemarket townonly, OutfangthefPannage, patent, Pleadable, Port toll, Preemption, Prenomination, Prerogative office, Prerogatived, Privileging, punchboardRight of the tabouret, right of waySemi-Arian, Soc, solely, Soup ticket, suspensiontemporary removal, To have the honor, To stand upon one's dignity, Toll and teamUnsquireVerd, VertWater gavel, Water power, Water privilege, Writ of privilege. (references)
Specialty definitions using "privilege": AIOD allows, Alternative RatesBACK, Bord HalfpennyCAFE, Caliban, control attributes, creek right, CURElectorFossa et Furca, FREE BOOTERSGrazing privilegeLudgateMolmutiusPANKHURST, Peeping Tom of CoventryRing Posiessecurity attributes, South-Sea Scheme, Struldbrugs, suffragevideotexWashingtonian, wheel bit, Wright of Norwich. (references)
Etymologies containing "privilege": Prerogatived. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Privilege" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

Dutch (privilege).

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Modern Usage: Privilege

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Breach attorney-client privilege, thus getting myself disbarred for life, then testify in open court against the Mafia (The Firm; writing credit: David Rabe)

If they want to disregard two hundred years of human bing-bang, that's their privilege. (Brigadoon; writing credit: Alan Jay Lerner)

It is a privilege to talk to anyone whose love of learning shines like yours. (Lady Jane; writing credit: Chris Bryant; David Edgar)

Does a man have the same privilege as a sponge? (Inherit the Wind; writing credit: Jerome Lawrence; Robert E. Lee)

Gentlemen, it's been a privilege flying with you. (Apollo 13; writing credit: Jim Lovell; Jeffrey Kluger)

Movie/TV Titles

Privilege (1967)

A Woman's Privilege (1962)

Woman's Privilege in Leap Year (1912)

Question of Privilege (1999)

Daughters of Privilege (1991)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Privilege

DomainTitle

Books

  • Executive Privilege (reference)

  • Invisible Privilege : A Memoir About Race, Class, and Gender (reference)

  • The Haves and the Have Nots: The Abuse of Power and Privilege in the Workplace ... and How to Control It (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Theater & Movies

  • Palm Beach:Money Power and Privilege (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Privilege

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

For the privilege of fighting for freedom, we thank Thee, O Lord. Credit: Library of Congress.

Franking privilege. Credit: Library of Congress.

Your last chance to register. It's so easy and a great privilege. Credit: Library of Congress.

  

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Privilege

AuthorQuotation

Calvin Coolidge

To live under the American Constitution is the greatest political privilege that was ever accorded to the human race.

Charles Evans Hughes

When we lose the right to be different, we lose the privilege to be free.

Charles Lamb

'Tis the privilege of friendship to talk nonsense, and have her nonsense respected.

Christopher Hill

Only very slowly and late have men come to realize that unless freedom is universal it is only extended privilege.

James Russell Lowell

What men prize most is a privilege, even if it be that of chief mourner at a funeral.

Nahum Tate

Friendship's the privilege of private men; for wretched greatness knows no blessing so substantial.

Thackeray

Charming Alnaschar visions! It is the happy privilege of youth to construct you!

Thomas Hobbes

The privilege of absurdity; to which no living creature is subject but man only.

Thomas Paine

When men yield up the privilege of thinking, the last shadow of liberty quits the horizon.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Privilege

AuthorDateQuotation

John Locke

1690

On the other side, honour and support, all that which gratitude requires to return for the benefits received by and from them, is the indispensable duty of the child, and the proper privilege of the parents. (Second Treatise of Government)

US Constitution

1791

Clause 2: The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. (reference)

Treaty of Versailles

1919

For those whose application is rejected, the privilege will terminate at the date of the refusal. (reference)

Miranda v. Arizona

1966

Illinois, stressed the need for protective devices to make the process of police interrogation conform to the dictates of the privilege. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Privilege

TitleAuthorQuote

Life, the Universe and Everything

Douglas Adams

I said, `I would like to say that it is a very great pleasure, honor and privilege for me to open this bridge, but I can't because my lying circuits are all out of commission.

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

Certain magnificent and joyous corteges, especially the Fat Ox, had the same privilege.

King Richard III

Shakespeare, William

Then, taking him from thence that is not there, You break no privilege nor charter there.

Walden

Thoreau, Henry David

It did not turn his mill, and it was no privilege to him to behold it.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Privilege

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

The British consider vacations to be a right, not a privilege. (references)

This despite the fact that the owners now incur increased personal taxation for the privilege. (references)

Buyers tend to privilege the name, reputation, and perceived dependability of insurers over price and services when selecting a company. (references)

Civil Liberties

Pakistan

Dramas and documentaries on previously taboo subjects, including corruption, social privilege, narcotics, violence against women, and female inequality, are broadcast on television; however, some sensitive series have been canceled before being broadcast. (references)

Honduras

Other methods are more subtle, such as the coveted privilege to accompany the President on his official travels. (references)

Slovenia

The Muslim community registered a complaint with the Ombudsman during the year because RTV Slovenia refused to allow them free airtime to address their community during Ramadan--a privilege granted to the Catholic, Serb Orthodox, and Protestant communities during their respective religious holidays. (references)

Discrimination

Samoa

Politics and culture reflect a heritage of chiefly privilege and power, and members of certain families have some advantages. (references)

Economic History

Slovenia

In October 1997, Slovenia joined the group of countries--now numbering 26--whose citizens enjoy the privilege of visa-free travel to the United States. (references)

Hungary

Some American travel companies currently operating in Hungary are American Express, Delta Airlines, Continental Airlines, Tradesco Privilege Tours, American International Group, Alamo Rent-a-Car, and Worldspan. (references)

Human Rights

Kenya

This privilege often is denied. (references)

Ukraine

While in custody, a suspect or a prisoner is allowed by law to talk with a lawyer in private; however, human rights groups reported that the client-attorney privilege occasionally was denied by prison or investigative officials. (references)

Honduras

Many elected politicians enjoy constitutional immunity due to the privilege of their office. (references)

Minorities

Germany

Critics contend that the Sinti/Romani minority is the only official national minority that does not have unique legal protection, political privilege, or reserved representation in certain public institutions. (references)

Travel

Thailand

An importer can use the letter of guarantee as a substitute to the import entry form and the payment guarantee . The importer must complete the carnet import/re-export document and submit it to Customs officers at Thailand's port of entry . The Customs officers will inspect the goods, keep a copy of the import entry form and return the carnet book to the importer . If the goods are not taken out within the period of time stated in the contract, the guarantor will have to pay duty, a 10 percent penalty, and any applicable fees . For further information, please contact the Privilege Goods and Investment Promotion Sub-Division tel: (662) 249-4150, fax: (662) 249-4212. (references)

Worker Rights

Sao Tome and Principe

In principle workers and their families were provided free (but inadequate) housing, rudimentary education for their children, and health care, as well as the privilege of reduced prices and credit at the "company store." These arrangements were intended to subsidize food and clothing. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

ELECTOR, n. One who enjoys the sacred privilege of voting for the man of another man's choice.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Privilege

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Lynne Cheney

That we are so uniquely blessed to live in freedom as we do. And that if you don't understand how we got to be this way, how we got to be a free and independent country, you first of all don't understand what a privilege it is.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Privilege

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

John Adams

1797-1801Agree upon the number and qualifications of persons who shall have the benefit of choosing, or annex this privilege to the inhabitants of a certain extent of ground.

Andrew Jackson

1829-1837This is attributed in a great degree to the increase of free letters growing out of the extension and abuse of the franking privilege.

Dwight Eisenhower

1953-1961My friends, before I begin the expression of those thoughts that I deem appropriate to this moment, would you permit me the privilege of uttering a little private prayer of my own.

Richard Nixon

1969-1974I shall leave this office with regret at not completing my term but with gratitude for the privilege of serving as your President for the past five and a half years.

Gerald Ford

1974-1977To me, being a citizen of the United States of America is the greatest honor and privilege in this world.

George Bush

1989-1993Freedom and the power to choose should not be the privilege of wealth.

George W. Bush

2001-2005History has called America and our allies to action, and it is both our responsibility and our privilege to fight freedom's fight.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Privilege

"Privilege" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.94% of the time. "Privilege" is used about 1,595 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)99.94%1,5945,194
Noun (proper)0.06%1339,140
                    Total100.00%1,595N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Privilege

Expressions using "privilege": abuse a privilege breach of privilege by way of privilege franking privilege grant a special privilege informer's privilege journalist's privilege marital communications privilege of privilege privilege attributes privilege of parliament privilege of the floor privilege smb. to do smth. question of privilege water privilege withdraw a privilege writ of privilege. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "privilege": privilege-violation.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Privilege

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

privilege

202

administrator privilege

8

choice privilege

71

postal privilege

7

white privilege

50

health care privilege

7

ibiza privilege

38

care health privilege right

7

attorney client privilege

30

car insurance privilege

7

aarp.org privilege

28

exception instruction privilege

7

domain escalation name privilege root service

26

union privilege master card

6

executive privilege

22

union privilege credit card

6

guest privilege

20

pauline privilege

6

insurance privilege

17

golf privilege card

6

escalation privilege root server

16

privilege catamaran

6

privilege shoes

16

legal privilege professional

6

administrative privilege

15

the privilege card

6

noble overview privilege

12

clause immunity privilege

6

noble privilege spanish

12

privilege perfume

6

privilege walk

11

aarp privilege

6

union privilege

11

privilege shop

5

franking privilege

10

the privilege car insurance uk

5

choice choicehotels.com privilege

9

geico privilege

4

club privilege

9

driving privilege

4
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Privilege

Language Translations for "privilege"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

voorreg (pleasure). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

privilegjoj, privilegj (charter, edge, franchise, indulgence, patent), prerogativë (perquisite, prerogative), jap një privilegj. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏ميز (characterize, confer distinction upon, differentiate, discern, discriminate, distinguish, favor, favour, grant a special privilege, honor, identify, know, label, make a distinction, mark, notice, observe, perceive, prefer, realize, recognize, segregate, separate, set above others, set apart, set aside, single, single out, stamp), ‏منح حصانة, ‏منح إمتياز, ‏مزية, ‏هبة (benevolence, bestowal, blast, boon, bounty, charity, contribution, donation, endowment, gift, grant, liberality, offering, outburst, present, puff, waft, whiff), ‏سعادة (beatitude, excellency, felicity, gladness, glee, happiness, his excellency, joy, sunshine, weal, welfare, well being), ‏إمتياز (charter, concession, distinction, excellence, franchise, lien, note, patent, prerogative, splendor, splendour), ‏شرف (credit, dignity, dominate, ennoble, follow up, grace, honour, laurels, nobleness, preside, sublime, superintend). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

преимущество (advantage, interest, odds, perquisite, superiority, whip hand), предимство (advantage, antecedence, asset, leg up, pas, plus, precedence, preference, priority, pull, right of way, score, start, vantage), привилегировам, привилегия (franchise, incident, indulgence, perquisite, preference, prerogative, pull, right), давам право (empower, enable), давам привилегия. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

特权 (franchise, Franchised, Franchising, Prerogative), 特權 (prerogative, privileged). (various references)

   

Czech

  

privilegium (prerogative), velká pocta, výsada (franchise, patent, prerogative), obdařit výsadou. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

privilege, preferentie, prae. (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

privilegio. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

مزیت (Advantage, Ascendency, Excellence, Preference, Prepayment, Profit, Vantage), حق ویژه (Prerogative), امتیازمخصوصی اعطاکردن , امتیاز (Charter, Concession, Grant, Precedence, Prerogative, Prominence, Upperhand), رجحان (Excellence, Predilection, Predominance, Preference), بخشیدن (Bestow, Betake, Condone, Dispense, Donate, Forgive, Give, Giveaway, Grant, Indulgence, Pardon, Pleasure, Portion, Remit, Spare, Vouchsafe). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

oikeus (court, justice, right), etuoikeus (prerogative, priority, right of precedence), erioikeus, erikoisetu. (various references)

   

French

  

privilège (preference, preferential right). (various references)

   

German

  

vorrecht (freedom, precedence, prerogative), Privileg (franchise), Vergünstigung (abatement, benefit, discount, favour, grace, perk, perquisite, rebate, reduction), Sonderrecht. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

προνόμιο (franchise, prerogative, privilege for), δικαίωμα (concession, prescription, right), δίδω προνόμιο. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

ל"ע יק זכות (charter), ל"ע יק חסי ות, פריביל'י", זכי" (gaining, jackpot, right, win, winning), זכות יתר, זכות (acquittal, advantage, credit, equity, favour, merit, prerogative, right, vantage), חסיון (refuge, shelter), חסי ות (immunity, strength). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

privilégium (franchise, liberty), kiváltság (exemption, franchise, lien, prerogative), előjog (franchise, prerogative). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

hak istimewa (prerogative). (various references)

   

Italian

  

privilegio (honor, honour, privelege). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

特権 (special right), 特典 (special favor), 権利 (right), (glory, honour). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

"うえい (descendant, glory, honour, public management, rear guard), け"り (right), とくて" (marks obtained, points made, runs, score, special favor), とっけ" (special right). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

특권. (various references)

   

Manx

  

cur cair da, cur ard chied da, cair (due, just, property, right, rights). (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

privilegio. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ivilegepray

   

Portuguese

  

privilégio (appurtenance, charter, concession, franchise, liberty, perk, perquisite, prerogative, privelege, right). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

privilegiu (advantage, charter, Favor, favour, franchise, freedom, incident, indulgence, licence, patent, prerogative, priority, right), scuti (absolve, disengage, dispense, excuse, exempt, forgive, free, release, relieve, remit, save, spare), elibera (clear, clear out, deliver, discharge, disengage, emancipate, enfranchise, exonerate, free, give, issue, liberate, make out, manumit, ransom, release, remand, remit, rescue, rid, unbind, unchain, unfetter, unhand, unshackle, vacate), drept (as, attribution, claim, correct, Dexter, direct, directly, due, end on, endways, equitable, erect, even, evenly, exactly, fair, fairly, for, forthright, honest, just, justice, justly, kind, law, legitimate, patent, permission, plain, point blank, precisely, real, reasonable, right, right foot, right leg, righteous, Square, stand, stand up, straight, straightforward, true, truly, truthful, unprejudiced, upright), apanaj (Apanage, appanage, attribute), acorda un privilegiu. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

привилегия (charter, exemption, franchise, perquisite). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

sochair (a benefit, benefit, emolument). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

privilegovati, privilegija, povlastiti, povlastica (prerogative), sloboda (freedom, leeway, liberty, licence, license, loose, right). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

privilegio (charter, concession, copyright, patent, privelege, right). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

privilegium (charter, franchise, freedom, indulgence, prerogative), rättighet (right). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

rüçhan hakkı (preference, priority, refusal), imtiyaz vermek, imtiyaz (concession, faculty, franchise, grant, prerogative, royalty), dokunulmazlık (exterritoriality, extraterritorial, extraterritoriality, franchise, immunity, privacy), ayricalik, ayrıcalık tanımak (acquit), ayrıcalık (benefit, cachet, charter, concession, concessionairy, eligibility, faculty, Favor, favour, franchise, immunity, incident, oracle, peculiar, prerogative, refusal, royalty, speciality), özel hak. (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

яeсillik (ease), hak-hukuk (right). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

привілей (charter, exemption, franchise, indulgence, patent, perquisite, prerogative), перевага (advantage, allowance, ascendant, asset, benefit, boon, bulge, capital, convenience, easement, excellence, excellency, odds, overbalance, overweight, precedence, precedency, preference, preponderance, prepotence, prepotency, pull, purchase, start, superiority, supremacy, transcendence, vantage), давати прівилей. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

đặc quyền (prerogative), đặc ân. (various references)

   

Welsh

  

rhagorfraint, breintio (favor), breinio (enfranchise), braint. (various references)

   

Zulu

  

ilungelo (right), ililungelo (right). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Privilege

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

benefici, beneficia, beneficii, beneficiis, beneficio, beneficiorum, beneficium, privilegium. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Privilege

Derivations

Words beginning with "privilege": privileged, privileges. (additional references)

Words containing "privilege": overprivileged, underprivileged, unprivileged. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Privilege" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: previlege, previllege, prilivege, privalege, privelege, privellege, privilage, priviledge, privileg, privilige, privillege, privlege. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Privilege"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "privilege" (pronounced pri"vluj or pri"vuluj)
3-l u jassemblage, cartilage, knowledge, mileage, spoilage.
4-u l u jcartilage.
3-l u jassemblage, knowledge, mileage, spoilage.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Privilege

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "e-e-g-i-i-l-p-r-v"

-2 letters: veliger.

-3 letters: eviler, girlie, grieve, levier, liever, livier, regive, relive, revile, veiler, virile.

-4 letters: elver, ervil, giver, gripe, leger, leper, lever, liege, lieve, liger, liver, livre, peril, pilei, plier, reive, repeg, repel, revel, vegie, verge, vigil, viler, viper.

-5 letters: eger, ever, evil, girl, give, glee, gree, grip, leer, lier, lipe, lire, liri, live, peel.

 Words containing the letters "e-e-g-i-i-l-p-r-v"
 

+1 letter: privileged, privileges.

 

+2 letters: replevining.

 

+3 letters: unprivileged.

 

+5 letters: hypervigilance, overexplaining, overexploiting, overprivileged.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Privilege


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

50 72 69 76 69 6C 65 67 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.--.    .-.    ..    ...-    ..    .-..    .    --.    .

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010000 01110010 01101001 01110110 01101001 01101100 01100101 01100111 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#80 &#114 &#105 &#118 &#105 &#108 &#101 &#103 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0050 0072 0069 0076 0069 006C 0065 0067 0065

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

508475887578717371

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Quotations: Familiar
8. Quotations: Historic
9. Quotations: Fiction
10. Quotations: Non-fiction
11. Quotations: Spoken
12. Quotations: Speeches
13. Usage Frequency
14. Expressions
15. Expressions: Internet
16. Translations: Modern
17. Translations: Ancient
18. Derivations
19. Rhymes
20. Anagrams
21. Orthography
22. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.