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Definition: Principal |
PrincipalAdjective1. Most important element; "the chief aim of living"; "the main doors were of solid glass"; "the principal rivers of America"; "the principal example"; "policemen were primary targets". Noun1. The original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated. 2. The educator who has executive authority for a school; "she sent unruly pupils to see the principal". 3. An actor who plays a principal role. 4. Capital as contrasted with the income derived from it. 5. The major party to a financial transaction; buys and sells for his own account. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "principal" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references) |
Etymology: Principal \Prin"ci*pal\, adjective. [French, from Latin principalis. See Prince.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Party who originates the collection order. Source: European Union. (references) |
Economics | A sum of money placed at interest, e. g. on loan or allocated as a fund(i. e. for a specific purpose), or as an investment. Source: European Union. (references) |
Finance | The person who, in person or through an authorized representative, indicates, by lodging the appropriate declaration, that he wishes to carry out a Community transit operation. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The amount borrowed, or the part of the amount borrowed which remains unpaid(excluding interest). Source: European Union. (references) | |
| The person for whom and on whose instruction a commission agent acts. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| (1) the capital sum of a loan. The amount of borrowed funds to be repaid. (2) an individual or firm buying or selling for his (her/its) own account. (references) | |
Fine Arts | A 4 ft diapason in England. In Germany, variously represents the diapason of 32, 16, 8, 4 ft of pitch. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | Primary, or leading function. A principal axis is the longest one in a crystal. The principal valence is that at which an element forms thegreatest number of stable compounds. (references) |
Occupations | Directs and coordinates educational, administrative, and counseling activities of primary or secondary school: Develops and evaluates educational program to ensure conformance to state and school board standards. Develops and coordinates educational programs through meetings with staff, review of teachers' activities, and issuance of directives. Confers with teachers, students, and parents concerning educational and behavioral problems in school. Establishes and maintains relationships with colleges, community organizations, and other schools to coordinate educational services. Requisitions and allocates supplies, equipment, and instructional material as needed. Directs preparation of class schedules, cumulative records, and attendance reports. Observes and evaluates teacher performance. Interviews and hires teachers. Walks about school building and property to monitor safety and security. Plans and monitors school budget. May plan and direct building maintenance. May develop and administer educational programs for students with mental or physical handicaps. May be required to have certification from state. (references) |
Public Administration | Normal user of the secondary telephone instrument in a secretary circuit. (BPO). Source: European Union. (references) |
Transportation | Person for whom another acts as an agent. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, in particular topology, a fiber bundle is a continuous surjective map, π from a topological space E to another topological space B, satisfying a further condition making it locally of a particularly simple form. Putting it in intuitive terms, by locally here is meant locally on B; that is, if we imagine a small creature living on B and describing E, as mapped to B, only within a limited horizon on B, π has the description of a projection map inside a cartesian product. Introducing a further topological space F, we use the projection map from to B as the model. For example in the case of a vector bundle, F is a vector space over the real numbers. To qualify as a vector bundle, the matching conditions between local trivializable neighborhoods would have to be linear as well.Saying it more formally, for any x in B, there is a neighborhood such that is homeomorphic to , in such a way that π carries over to the projection onto the first factor.
B is called the base space of the fiber bundle and for any , the preimage of x, is called the fiber at x and the map π is called the projection map.
A standard example is a Möbius strip as E, in which B can be taken as a circle and F a line segment. The 'twisting' in the band is only apparent globally, while locally the ribbon structure defines the topology.
Structure groups
Sometimes, there exists a topological group G of transformations of E, such that if ρ denotes the action,
for g in G and e in E. The condition states that every G-orbit lies within a single fiber.
In that case, G is called the structure group of the fiber bundle. To qualify as a G-bundle, the matching conditions between local trivializable neighborhoods would have to be intertwiners of G-actions as well.
If, in addition, G acts freely, transitively and continuously upon each fiber, then we call the fiber bundle a principal bundle. An example of a principal bundle that occurs naturally in geometry is the bundle of all bases for the tangent space to a manifold, with G the general linear group; restricting in Riemannian geometry to orthonormal bases, one would limit G to the orthogonal group. See vierbein for more details.
A section of a fiber bundle is a continuous map, such that , for x in B. Since bundles do not in general have sections, one of the purposes of the theory is to account for their existence. This leads to the theory of characteristic classes in algebraic topology.
One of the primary applications of fiber bundles is in gauge theory.
See also Fibration.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Fiber bundle."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In abstract algebra, a principal ideal is an ideal I in a ring R that is generated by a single element a of R.More specifically:
If R is a commutative ring, then the above three notions are all the same. In that case, it is common to write the ideal generated by a as (a).
- a left principal ideal of R is a subset of R of the form Ra := {ra : r in R};
- a right principal ideal is a subset of the form aR := {ar : r in R};
- a two-sided principal ideal is a subset of the form RaR := {r1ar'1 + ... + rnar'n : r1,r'1,...,rn,r'n in R}
Not all ideals are principal. For example, consider the commutative ring C[x,y] of all polynomials in two variables x and y, with complex coefficients. The ideal (x,y) generated by x and y, which consists of all the polynomials in C[x,y] that have zero for the constant term, is not principal. To see this, suppose that p were a generator for (x,y); then x and y would both be divisible by p, which is impossible unless p is a nonzero constant. But zero is the only constant in (x,y), so we have a contradiction.
A ring in which every ideal is principal is called principal, or a principal ideal ring. A principal ideal domain (PID) is an integral domain that is principal. Any PID must be a unique factorization domain; the normal proof of unique factorization in the integers (the so-called fundamental theorem of arithmetic) holds in any PID.
Also, any Euclidean domain is a PID; the algorithm used to calculate greatest common divisors may be used to find a generator of any ideal. More genarally, any two principal ideals in a commutative ring have a greatest common divisor in the sense of ideal multiplication. In principal ideal domains, this allows us to calculate greatest common divisors of elements of the ring, up to multiplication by a unit; we define gcd(a,b) to be any generator of the ideal (a,b).
For a Dedekind domain R, we may also ask, given a non-principal ideal I of R, whether there is some extension S of R such that the ideal of S generated by I is principal (said more loosely, I becomes principal in S). This question arose in connection with the study of rings of algebraic integers (which are examples of Dedekind domains) in number theory, and led to the development of class field theory by Teiji Takagi, Emil Artin, David Hilbert, and many others. It turns out that every integer ring R (i.e. the ring of algebraic integers of some number field) is contained in a larger integer ring S which has the property that every ideal of R becomes a principal ideal of S.
The fraction field of S is then called the Hilbert class field of R; it is the maximal unramified abelian extension (that is, Galois extension whose Galois group is abelian) of the fraction field of R, and it is uniquely determined by R.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Principal ideal."
Synonyms: PrincipalSynonyms: chief(a) (adj), main(a) (adj), primary(a) (adj), principal(a) (adj), corpus (n), dealer (n), head (n), head teacher (n), lead (n), principal sum (n), school principal (n), star (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Director | Head, head man, head center, boss; principal, president, speaker; chair, chairman, chairwoman, chairperson; captain; (master); superior; mayor; (civil authority); vice president, prime minister, premier, vizier, grand vizier, eparch. |
Greatness | Principal part, chief part, main part, greater part, major part, best part, essential part; bulk, mass; (whole). |
Importance | Paramount, essential, vital, all-absorbing, radical, cardinal, chief, main, prime, primary, principal, leading, capital, foremost, overruling; of vital; importance. |
Great thing, great point; main chance, "the be all and the end all "; cardinal point; substance, gist; (essence); sum and substance, gravamen, head and front; important part, principal part, prominent part, essential part; half the battle; sine qua non; breath of one's nostrils; (life);cream, salt, core, kernel, heart, nucleus; keynote, keystone; corner stone; trump card; (device); salient points. | |
Whole | Bulk, mass, lump, tissue, staple, body, compages; trunk, torso, bole, hull, hulk, skeleton greater part, major part, best part, principal part, main part; essential part; (importance).; lion's share, Benjamin's mess; the long and the short; nearly, all, almost all. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Principal |
| English words defined with "principal": Principal axes of a quadric. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "principal": ASSISTANT PRINCIPAL ♦ intermediate principal plane, intermediate principal stress ♦ major principal plane, major principal stress ♦ notional principal ♦ principal administration, Principal Associate Director, Principal Balance, principal body axes, principal cell, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR INSTRUMENT, principal moment of inertia, principal motion, principal movement, principal planes of stress, principal planets, principal type. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "principal": Primacy. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Principal" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. French (arch, basic, central, chief, close, foremost, head on, headmaster, leading, main, major, master, most important, predominant, primal, primary, prime, princedom, principal, provost, right, staple), Portuguese (boss, broad, cardinal, central, chief, essential, firm in one's principles, first, flyaway, foremost, head, high, highlight, keynote, king, leading, main, major, master, parent, pivotal, preparative, primal, principal, principal sum, slip-on, substantial), Portuguese Brazilian (essential, main), Romanian (broad, capital, Cardinal, chief, first, front, grand, head, high, leading, main, notional, premier, primal, prime, principal, staple), Spanish (arch, capital, Cardinal, chief, chief officer, foremost, grand, great, head, high-end, immediate, large, lead, leading, main, major, most important, predominant, preferred, primal, prime, principal, staple, star, top, trunk, uppermost). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | What are these principal sins that distress your mother (Rob Roy; writing credit: Alan Sharp) Hi Principal Skinner (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) And just what brings our good principal to this neck of the gloom (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) We don't want a good principal! We want Mr. Clark (Lean on Me; writing credit: Michael Schiffer) It's the principal of the thing (Walking Tall; writing credit: Mort Briskin; Stephen Downing) | |
Clever | If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you; that is the principal difference between a dog and a man. (references; author: Mark Twain) | |
Movie/TV Titles | El Enemigo principal (1973) Las Tandas del principal (1949) El segundo día de feria Vista de la entrada principal de la plaza de toros de Jerez (1899) The Principal (1997) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | In the 1960s, a major effort was made to eradicate the principal urban vector mosquito of dengue and yellow fever viruses, A. aegypti, from southeast United States, such as spraying for mosquitos using a hand-held compressed air sprayer. Credit: CDC. |  | Irish Ordinance Survey baseline First to use bi-metallic compensating principal for base line measurement. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | The principal investigator for this restoration project at Indian River lagoon works at cutting Brazilian Pepper out of the canopy. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Some of her nursing staff, March 1921. Principal Chief Nurse J. Beatrice Bowman is standing in the center, 4th from right. Credit: NAVY. |
 | The "Big Three" pose with their principal advisors, at Potsdam, Germany, circa 28 July -- 1 August 1945. The three heads of government are (seated, left to right): British Prime Minister Clement Atlee; U.S. President Harry S. Truman; Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. Standing behind them are (left ot right): Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, Truman's Chief of Staff; British Foreign Minister Ernest Bevin; U.S. Secretary of State James F. Byrnes; Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov. Credit: NAVY. |  | Durham Cathedral, Durham, England; principal front and tower of another cathedral (?). Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | The principal heir. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Venice, Italy. The principal facade of St. Mark's church and clocktower, built in 1496 by Petro Lombardo. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Mrs. Doris MacDougal (right), a teacher in the third grade and principal of the McLain Grammar School in Rockland, Maine, talking with another teacher. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Sharpsburg, Md. Principal street. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Edmund Burke | Frugality is founded on the principal that all riches have limits. |
Elbert Hubbard | When someone says it ain't the money, but its the principal of the thing, it's the money. |
Francis Bacon | Custom is the principal magistrate of man's life. |
George Macdonald | The principal part of faith is patience. |
Horace | Good sense is both the first principal and the parent source of good writing. |
Richard Brinsley Sheridan | You know it is not my interest to pay the principal, or my principal to pay the interest. |
Samuel Butler | All animals, except man, know that the principal business of life is to enjoy it. |
Thomas Fuller | Light, God's eldest daughter, is a principal beauty in a building. |
Walter Savage Landor | We talk on principal, but act on motivation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | If one who has borrowed from the Jews any sum, great or small, die before that loan be repaid, the debt shall not bear interest while the heir is under age, of whomsoever he may hold; and if the debt fall into our hands, we will not take anything except the principal sum contained in the bond. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | The public power of all society is above every soul contained in the same society; and the principal use of that power is, to give laws unto all that are under it, which laws in such cases we must obey, unless there be reason shewed which may necessarily inforce, that the law of reason, or of God, doth enjoin the contrary, Hook. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-2028 | Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Principal Allied and Associated Powers will hand over the said territories to Denmark. (reference) |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | She is his principal correspondent, I assure you. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Before this accusation, before the unanimity of the witnesses, the principal emotion evinced by the accused was astonishment |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | But the principal difficulty was to raise and place me in this vehicle |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The dog is the principal definitive host for Dipylidium caninum. (references) | |
Pain is the principal symptom of sickle cell anemia in both children and adults. (references) | ||
Tau -- a protein that is a principal component of paired helical filaments in neurofibrillary tangles. (references) | ||
Business | Black & Decker and Bosch are the principal players. (references) | |
Three principal French banks finance investments in agricultural machinery. (references) | ||
The national and provincial governments are also considered principal buyers. (references) | ||
Children | Dominican Republic | Prostitution is the principal area of exploitation of underage girls in the informal economy. (references) |
Dominican Republic | Despite the existence of government institutions dedicated to child welfare, private social and religious organizations carry the principal burden. (references) | |
Brazil | NGO's report that extreme poverty at home or sexual abuse by fathers and stepfathers are the principal reasons that many children choose to live in the streets. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Uzbekistan | In the past the Government refused to register the two principal independent human rights organizations, the Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan (HRSU) and the Independent Human Rights Organization of Uzbekistan (IHROU). (references) |
Iran | Because newspapers and other print media have a limited circulation outside large cities, radio and television serve as the principal news source for many citizens. (references) | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | The primary restraints on press freedom are control of the principal media by governing political parties, intimidation and attacks on journalists, and politicized use of tax and financial inspections. (references) | |
Economic History | Italy | Depending on the contract, the principal may be subject to termination compensation payments and to income taxes and other levies on sales effected through the agent. (references) |
Malaysia | For virtually all publicly listed companies, only a minority portion of stock is available for trading; the majority is often held by the principal shareholders. (references) | |
Morocco | The Central Bank currently sets the exchange rate for the Dirham against a basket of currencies of its principal trading partners. (references) | |
Human Rights | Iran | It serves as the principal vehicle of the State to restrict freedom and reform in the society. (references) |
Taiwan | Informed observers note that police emphasize confessions by suspects as the principal investigative tool. (references) | |
Morocco | Two new prominent national human rights NGO's, the Moroccan Forum for Truth and Justice and the National Moroccan Prison Observatory (ONPM), were formed in 1999. Created by victims of forced disappearance and surviving family members, the FMVJ's principal goal is to encourage the Government to address openly the issue of past forced disappearances and arbitrary detention. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Peru | The two principal NGO's that represent the interests of the native population of the Amazon region are the Inter-Ethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Jungle (AIDESEP) and the Confederation of Amazonian Nationalities of Peru (CONAP). (references) |
Mexico | In an April 2000 report "The War in Chiapas," CDHFBC asserted that the military was the principal aggressor in cases reported to the Center in 1999. The CDHFBC also concluded that the presence of the military put at risk the human rights to life, physical integrity, liberty, and security of the local inhabitants. (references) | |
Minorities | Botswana | Well over half of the country's population belong to the Tswana ethnic group, of which the Constitution recognizes eight principal tribes, and which has a tradition of peacefully coexisting with nonethnic-Tswana groups. (references) |
Political Economy | Monaco | The population was approximately 32,000, and the principal economic activities are services and banking, light manufacturing, and tourism. (references) |
Poland | Every post-1989 Polish government has been a strong supporter of a continued American military and economic presence in Europe, and has identified membership in NATO, the European Union, and other Western security and economic structures as Poland's principal foreign policy priorities. (references) | |
UNITED KINGDOM | The main engine of growth in the UK economy is the services sector, which accounts for about 75 percent of GDP. Business, finance, transport, storage and communication services were the principal drivers in service growth, as the sector continued to strengthen into 2001. (references) | |
Political Rights | Uganda | Ngime and presidential advisor Fox Odoi requested that the Principal Justice of the Supreme Court intervene; however, the Justice stated that he did not have jurisdiction. (references) |
Costa Rica | Mireya Hernandez, leader of the PLN, the principal opposition party, is also a woman. (references) | |
Kazakhstan | Political parties wishing to compete for the 10 proportionally allocated seats in the Majilis must be registered by the CEC and regional electoral commissions in two-thirds of the principal administrative jurisdictions (the 14 oblasts, plus the former and new capital cities, Almaty and Astana). (references) | |
Trade | Argentina | Working Capital Guarantees cover 90 percent of the principal and interest on commercial loans to creditworthy small and medium-sized companies that need funds to buy or produce U.S. goods or services for export. (references) |
Bangladesh | The weighted average tariff has declined from 42.1% in 1991 to 14.7% in 2000. Although tariffs have been lowered significantly, they are still high, mainly because tariffs are the principal source of government revenue. (references) | |
Bahrain | Bahrain is the principal financial services' hub of the Middle East. (references) | |
Travel | Vietnam | Meetings generally begin with the principal guest making introductory remarks. (references) |
Vietnam | Even if the principal host is not heavily involved in the details of the conversation, guests should remember to address include the principal in the conversation allowing him or her to delegate authority to answer. (references) | |
Spain | Food is of excellent quality in Madrid and other principal cities. (references) | |
Women | Spain | The four principal areas outlined in the plan are preventive education; improvements in judicial regulations and practices to protect victims and increase the penalty for abusers; the extension of social services for abused women to all parts of the country; and increased coordination among the agencies and organizations involved in preventing domestic violence. (references) |
Worker Rights | Haiti | Nine principal labor federations represent approximately 5 percent of the total labor force of approximately 2,800,000 persons, including approximately 2 to 3 percent of labor in the industrial sector. (references) |
Dominican Republic | According to a report released in July by the International Organization for Migration (IOM), principal destination countries are in Europe and Latin America, including Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, Greece, Belgium, Curacao, San Martin, Aruba, Panama, Venezuela, and Argentina. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | MINISTER, n. An agent of a higher power with a lower responsibility. In diplomacy and officer sent into a foreign country as the visible embodiment of his sovereign's hostility. His principal qualification is a degree of plausible inveracity next below that of an ambassador. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Allow me, moreover, to hope that it will be a favorite policy with you, not merely to secure a payment of the interest of the debt funded, but as far and as fast as the growing resources of the country will permit to exonerate it of the principal itself. |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | In connection with a navy ought to be contemplated the fortification of some of our principal sea ports and harbors. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Some principal rivers, however, remain still to be explored, toward which the authorization of Congress by moderate appropriations will be requisite. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | Just as this Constitution was put into action several of the principal States of Europe had become much agitated and some of them seriously convulsed. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | Treaties of peace, amity, and commerce have been concluded with the principal dominions of the earth. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | But a more efficient organization of our militia system is essential to that security which is one of the principal objects of all governments. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | While the private automobile will continue to be the principal means of transportation for many Americans, public transportation can become an increasingly attractive alternative. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | This is also a challenge to every teacher and every principal. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | It is a chance for us to remind our fellow citizens that when you find a good principal, thank him or her from the bottom of your heart for doing one of the toughest jobs in the country. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Principal" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 83.10% of the time. "Principal" is used about 3,228 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 83.1% | 2,682 | 3,423 |
| Noun (singular) | 15.01% | 484 | 12,322 |
| Noun (proper) | 1.89% | 61 | 43,149 |
| Total | 100.00% | 3,228 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "principal": assistant principal ♦ elementary school principal ♦ principal actor ♦ principal actress ♦ principal administration ♦ principal and interest ♦ principal axes ♦ principal axes of a quadric ♦ principal axis ♦ principal body axes ♦ principal cause ♦ principal cell ♦ principal challenge ♦ principal characteristic ♦ principal city ♦ principal clause ♦ principal condition ♦ principal conductor ♦ principal crop ♦ principal debtor ♦ principal diagonal ♦ principal distance ♦ principal editor ♦ principal effort ♦ principal felling ♦ principal focus ♦ principal form ♦ principal impression ♦ principal in the first degree ♦ principal industry ♦ principal interest ♦ principal investigator ♦ principal key ♦ principal matter ♦ principal meal ♦ principal mode ♦ principal motion ♦ principal movement ♦ principal nutriment ♦ principal of a quadric ♦ Principal or Solar ♦ principal parallel ♦ principal parts ♦ principal plane ♦ principal planes of stress ♦ principal point ♦ principal ray ♦ principal rule ♦ principal scale ♦ principal scene ♦ principal section ♦ principal subordinate commander ♦ principal sum ♦ principal teacher ♦ principal thesis ♦ principal type ♦ principal vertical ♦ school principal. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "principal": principal-agent. | |
Ending with "principal": vice-principal. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "principal"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | kryesor (arch, arterial, basal, capital, Cardinal, central, chief, focal, foremost, fundamental, general, governing, grand, great, key, keynote, leading, main, major, pivotal, predominant, premier, primal, primary, prime, topmost, trunk). (various references) | |
Arabic | مدير مدرسة (beak, headmaster, mistress, preceptor, schoolmaster), ناظر (agitate, beholder, caretaker, headmaster, joust, superintend, supervise), الفنان (artist), المسئول الرئيسي, النجمة (star), الشئ الأساسي, أساسي (absolute, alkaline, basal, base, capital, cardinal, close, constitutional, formal, fundamental, imperative, indispensable, innate, inward, leading, main, major, material, momentous, nub, organic, overriding, paramount, piece de resistance, primal, primary, radical, right, staple, substantial, ultimate, underling), رأس مال (capital), رئيسي (arch, arterial, broad, cardinal, central, chief, foremost, fundamental, head on, key-, leading, main, major, master, masterful, premier, primal, primary, prime, sovereign, staple), شىء رئيسي. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | основен капитал (stock), директор на колеж, директор на училище (rector), покривна ферма, принсипал, автор на престъпление, директор (director, headmaster, manager, president, prex, superintendent, warden), основен (abecedarian, alkali, alkaline, basal, basic, bottom, capital, essential, fundamental, general, grade, gut, key, key note, main, organic, pivotal, polar, primal, prime, primitive, primordial, radical, rudimental, rudimentary, substantial, thorough, thoroughgoing, tonic, ultimate, underlying), солист (solist, soloist), главен (arterial, capital, chief, decuman, general, grand, head, high, leading, magistral, main, major, master, pivotal, premier, primary, prime, stellar), главен регистър на орган, главна воюваща страна, шеф (boss, chief, governor, patron, superior, supervisor), ректор на университет (chancellor, verger), ръководител (administrator, boss, director, instructor, leader, manager, mastermind, pilot, supervisor), най-важен (central, essential, foremost, leading, main, primal, primary, prime, supreme). (various references) | |
Chinese | 主要 (main, major, primary). (various references) | |
Czech | představitel hlavní role, základní (basal, basic, Cardinal, elementary, essential, fundamental, funded, overriding, primary, primitive, radical, rudimentary, standard, staple, ultimate, underlying), kapitál (capital, pile), hlavní viník, hlavní (big, capital city, Cardinal, chief, decuman, essential, leading, magistral, main, major, prime, staple, star), ředitel (curator, director, head, manager, superintendent), šéf (boss, chief, guv, head, superintendent). (various references) | |
Danish | ordregiver (initiator, ordering customer, originator, transferor), mandant, kommittent, hovedstol af lån, hovedstol (principal sum), hovedsmand, hovedpart, hovedforpligtet, hovedforpligtede. (various references) | |
Dutch | voornaamste (chief, main, major, most important, predominant), hoofd- (arch-, chief, chief-, main, major, predominant). (various references) | |
Esperanto | precipa (main, predominant), ĉefa (chief, main, major). (various references) | |
Faeroese | týðandi (chief, main, major), høvuðs- (chief, main, major), aðal- (chief, main, major). (various references) | |
Farsi | مهم (Chief, Considerable, Earthshaking, Epochal, Grand, Grave, Great, Head, Important, Main, Material, Momentous, Serious, Significant, Smacker, Substantial), مطلب مهم , مجرم اصلی , مدیرمدرسه (Headmaster), سرمایه اصلی , عمده (Chief, Dominant, Essential, Gross, Head, Main, Major, Material, On, Only, Predominant, Primary, Prime, Significant), اصلی (Arch, Basic, Cardinal, Elementary, Essential, Fundametal, Genuine, Germinal, Head, Immanent, Ingrown, Inherent, Initial, Innate, Intrinsic, Main, Net, Original, Primary, Prime, Primordial, Seminal), رءیس (Administer, Arch, Chairman, Chief, Dean, Director, Head, Header, Headman, Headmaster, Master, Premier(Re), President, Provost, Regent, Ruler, Sheikh, Warden). (various references) | |
Finnish | toimeksiantaja (client), päämies (client, head). (various references) | |
French | principal (predominant, primal, primary, prime, princedom, provost), commettant. (various references) | |
German | kapital (asset, capital, capital investments, capitally, fund, major, noble, royal), hauptsächlich (chief, chiefly, essentially, generally, main, mainly, major, mostly, notably, overriding, predominant, pre-eminently, primal, primarily, primary, principally), Haupt- (arch-, Cardinal, chief, chief-, general, leading, main, major, paramount, primary, prime). (various references) | |
Greek | κεφάλαιο (asset, capital, chapter, fund, stock). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | kryesor (chief, main, major, predominant). (various references) | |
Hebrew | עקרי (capital, central, fundamental, leading, main, major, pivotal, preponderant, primary, staple, substantial), עקרו י (fundamental), אב (ancestor, chief, creator, father, master, parent, pater, progenitor, teacher), ראשי (capital, chief, leading, main, major, paramount, primary, staple, top), ראשון (first, firstly, former, superior, top), ראש (beginning, chief, crest, fore, head, start, summit). (various references) | |
Hungarian | igazgató (boss, dir, director, governing, head, manager, managing, provost, rector, warden), felettes (superior). (various references) | |
Indonesian | terpenting (above all), kepala sekolah (headmaster). (various references) | |
Italian | capitale (capital, capitally, fund, funds, main, prime). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 主要 (chief, main, major). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | おもなる (important, main), おも つ (conspicuous, important, main, prominent), おも った (conspicuous, important, main, prominent), おも (chief, face, important, main), が"き" (advance payment, asymptote, capital), が"ぽ" (capital), しゅたる (main, major), しゅよう (absolutely necessary, chief, main, major, necessary business, neoplasm, the master's business, tumor), "うちょう (bird of passage, blush, favourable, flood tide, flush, hard tone, headmaster, high spirits, high tide, in good shape, migratory bird, nightingale, offices of a public or governmental organization, promising, satisfactory, surge), めぬき (fashionable, important, main), もとき" (capital), もと か, '"ぽ" (capital, original copy, script, the original), '"し (apparition, atom, capital, origin, original poem, phantom limb, primeval, reduction of capital, silkworm egg sheet, stencil, strict order, thread for weaving, vision, visual hallucination, your order), じゅうよう (appointing to a responsible post, appropriation to, earmarking for, essential, important, major, momentous). (various references) | |
Korean | 원칙. (various references) | |
Manx | cubbyl (brace, couple, coupler, in pairs, yoke), bun-argid (capital, floating capital), ard-vainshtyr (headmaster), ard-chione (head, superior, supremo). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | incipalpray.(various references) | |
Polish | główny (chief, main, major). (various references) | |
Portuguese | principal (boss, broad, cardinal, central, chief, essential, firm in one's principles, first, flyaway, foremost, head, high, highlight, keynote, king, leading, major, parent, pivotal, preparative, primal, slip-on, substantial), mandante, capital (bank stock, capital, capital city, chief, main, major, metropolis, principal city, wad), básico (basic, bottom, cardinal, chief, essential, fundamental, key, main, major, primary, root, underlying). (various references) | |
Romanian | protagonist (protagonist), principal (broad, capital, Cardinal, chief, first, front, grand, head, high, leading, main, notional, premier, primal, prime, staple), solist (performer), fundamental (base, basic, basically, capital, essential, fundamental, fundamentally, main, prime, ultimate, vital), esenţial (capital, constituent, constitutive, elemental, essential, fundamental, indispensable, main, meat, prime, vital), director (administrator, curator, directing, director, executive, governor, guiding, headmaster, manager, master, rector, steering, superior, warden), debitor principal, de cãpetenie, de bazã (base, basic, Cardinal, indispensable), conducãtor (captain, chief, commander, commanding, conductor, directive, fugleman, governor, guide, head, leader, leading, man at the wheel, manager, master, ruler, ruling, superintendent, superior, transmitting), şef (boss, cap, captain, chairman, chief, chieftain, foreman, governor, great gun, head, header, headman, leader, manager, master, president, ringleader, superior). (various references) | |
Russian | главный (best, capital, central, general, governing, grand, head, hegemonic, magistral, main, major, primal, primary, prime), ведущий актер (key actor), ведущий (homeward, host, key note, leader, leading, master of ceremonies, narrator), основной (basal, basic, best, elemental, essential, fundamental, key, main, most basic, overriding, primal, primary, prime, primitive, radical, underlying), основная сумма, начальник (chief, commandant, harbourmaster, superintendent, superior, supervisor, warden), принципал;директор школы главный. (various references) | |
Scottish | prìomh (chief, prime). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | prvi (first, initial, leading, maiden, premier, prime, primus), upravnik (director, headmaster, manager, nizam, reeve, steward, superintendent), glavnica, glavni (arch, basic, capital, cardinal, chief, general, head, key, leading, magistral, main, major, paramount, premier, prime, salient, trunk), glavna greda. (various references) | |
Spanish | principal (arch, capital, Cardinal, chief, chief officer, foremost, grand, great, head, high-end, immediate, large, lead, leading, main, major, most important, predominant, preferred, primal, prime, staple, star, top, trunk, uppermost), mandante (client, dictator, distributor, orderer). (various references) | |
Swahili | -kuu (chief, main, major), kuu (chief, main, major). (various references) | |
Swedish | uppdragsgivare (constituent, customer, employer, taskmaster), kommittent, kapital (capital, corpus). (various references) | |
Turkish | ana (basic, broad, capital, Cardinal, chief, fundamental, governing, grand, guiding, head, key, leading, main, main part, major, master, matron, mother, parent, predominant, primary, principle, staple). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | ректор університету (chancellor), капітал (boodle, capital, fund), головний (arch-, basal, basic, broad, capital, captain, cephalic, chief, governing, grand, head, leading, master, overriding, premier, primal, primary, prime, staple, star), глава (book, chief), основний (basal, base, basic, basilar, capital, central, chief, first, foremost, fundamental, key, main, master, organic, primary, primitive, quintessence, radical, staple, substantial, ultimate, underlying), начальник (captain, chief, commandant, superior), провідний актор, провідний (banner, central, conductive, leading), дуеліст, директор школи (schoolmaster, warden). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | x chính, vốn chính, người đứng đầu giám đốc, hiệu trưởng chủ, chính (capitally, cardinal, keynote, leading, main, mainly, primarily, primary, principally, staple), chủ mướn. (various references) | |
Welsh | prifathro (headmaster), prif (boss, chief, prime), pennaf (chief). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | cardinalis, potissimum, potissimus, primarius, principalibus, principalis. (various references) |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | primas. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Proverbs Chapter 4, Verse 7 |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Principium sapientiae posside sapientiam et in omni possessione tua adquire prudentiam |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Begynnyng of wisdam, welde thou wisdam; and in al thi possessioun purchace prudence. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | The first sign of wisdom is to get wisdom; go, give all you have to get true knowledge. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Proverbs Chapter 4, Verse 7 |
| Cebuano | Ang kaalam maoy labaw nga butang; busa batoni ang kaalam; Oo, uban sa tanan mo nga pagatinguhaon batoni ang pagsabut. |
| Croatian | Poèetak je mudrosti: steci sebi mudrost i svim svojim imanjem steci razboritost. |
| Danish | Køb Visdom for det bedste, du ejer, køb Forstand for alt, hvad du har; |
| Dutch | De wijsheid is het voornaamste; verkrijg dan wijsheid, en verkrijg verstand met al uw bezitting. |
| Finnish | Viisauden alku on: hanki viisautta, ja kaikella muulla hankkimallasi hanki ymmärrystä. |
| French | Voici le commencement de la sagesse: Acquiers la sagesse, Et avec tout ce que tu possèdes acquiers l`intelligence. |
| German | Denn der Weisheit Anfang ist, wenn man sie gerne hört und die Klugheit lieber hat als alle Güter. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Hal terpenting yang harus pertama-tama kaulakukan ialah berusaha menjadi bijaksana. Apa pun yang kaukejar, yang terutama ialah berusahalah untuk mendapat pengertian. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Adapun hikmat itu terutamalah adanya; maka sebab itu tuntutlah akan hikmat dan tuntutlah akan pengetahuan akan ganti segala sesuatu yang padamu. |
| Maori | Ko te whakaaro nui te tino mea; no reira whaia mau te whakaaro nui; a i ou whiwhinga katoa, kia whiwhi koe ki te matauranga. |
| Norwegian | Begynnelsen til visdom er: Kjøp visdom, ja, kjøp forstand for alt ditt gods! |
| Portuguese | A sabedoria é a coisa principal; adquire, pois, a sabedoria; sim, com tudo o que possuis adquire o entendimento. |
| Rumanian | Iatq knceputul knyelepciunii: dobkndewte knyelepciunea, wi cu tot ce ai, dobkndewte priceperea. |
| Russian | зМБЧОПЕ--НХ"ТПУФШ: ТЙП'ТЕФБК НХ"ТПУФШ, Й ЧУЕН ЙНЕОЙЕН ФЧПЙН ТЙП'ТЕФБК ТБЪХН. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "principal": principalities, principality, principally, principals, principalship, principalships. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "principal": coprincipal, subprincipal. (additional references) | |
Words containing "principal": coprincipals, subprincipals. (additional references) | |
| |
"Principal" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: pincipal, prencipal, pricipal, princapal, princapel, princepal, Principae, principale, principall, principe, principel, principi, Principio, principis, principl, principly, princlpal, princpal, prinicipal, prinipal. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "principal" (pronounced pri"nsupul) |
| 9 | p r i" n s u p u l | subprincipal, principle. |
| 5 | -s u p u l | municipal. |
| 4 | -u p u l | episcopal, multiple, oedipal. |
| 3 | -p u l | ample, Appel, apple, archetypal, businesspeople, carpal, chapel, congresspeople, couple, craftspeople, cripple, crumple, decouple, dimple, disciple, example, fipple, gospel, grapple, hopple, spokespeople, staple, steeple, supple, temple, laypeople, maple, metacarpal, newspeople, nipple, opal, papal, people, pimple, pineapple, Popple, pupil, purple, quadruple, quintuple, ripple, rumple, salespeople, sample, scalpel, scruple, Semple, simple, tipple, topple, townspeople, trample, triple, uncouple. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-i-i-l-n-p-p-r" | |
-2 letters: priapic, rappini. | |
-3 letters: caplin, carlin, inclip, pianic, priapi, rapini. | |
-4 letters: acini, cairn, carpi, cilia, iliac, lapin, linac, lipin, naric, palpi, panic, pical, pilar, pipal, plain, plica, ricin. | |
-5 letters: airn, anil, aril, cain, carl, carn, carp, clan, clap, clip, crap, ilia, inia, laic, lain, lair, lari, liar, lipa, lira, liri, nail, narc, nipa, pail, pain. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-i-i-l-n-p-p-r" | |
+1 letter: principals. | |
+2 letters: coprincipal, pilocarpine, principally. | |
+3 letters: coprincipals, pilocarpines, planispheric, principality, subprincipal. | |
+4 letters: inappreciable, inappreciably, philanthropic, precipitantly, principalship, reapplication, subprincipals. | |
+5 letters: prepublication, principalities, principalships, reapplications. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Bible Trace 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
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