Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Prefer |
PreferVerb1. Like better; value more highly; "Some people prefer camping to staying in hotels"; "We prefer sleeping outside". 2. Select as an alternative; choose instead; prefer as an alternative; "I always choose the fish over the meat courses in this restaurant"; "She opted for the job on the East coast". 3. Promote over another. 4. Give preference to one creditor over another; in law. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "prefer" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
Note: Prefer \Pre*fer"\, transitive verb. [imperative past participle Preferred; present participle verb or noun Preferring.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Prefer, than. "I prefer to walk than to ride." Say "I prefer walking to riding;" or, "I would rather walk than ride." "To skate is preferable than to coast." Say "Skating is preferable to coasting." Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: PreferSynonyms: choose (v), favor (v), favour (v), opt (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Choice | Prefer; have rather, have as lief; fancy; (desire); be persuaded. |
Churchdom | Verb: call, ordain, induct, prefer, translate, consecrate, present. |
Desire | Care for, affect, like, list; take to, cling to, take a fancy to; fancy; prefer; (choose). |
Dislike | Verb: mislike misrelish, dislike, disrelish; mind, object to; have rather not, would rather not, prefer not to, not care for; have a dislike for, conceive a dislike to, entertain a dislike for, take a dislike to, have an aversion to, have an aversion for; have no taste for, have no stomach for. |
Lawsuit | Verb: go to law, appeal to the law; bring to justice, bring to trial, bring to the bar; put on trial, pull up; accuse; prefer a claim, file a claim;Noun: take the law of, inform against. |
Request | Verb: request, ask; beg, crave, sue, pray, solicit, invite, pop the question, make bold to ask; beg leave, beg a boon; apply to, call to, put to; call upon, call for; make a request, address a request, prefer a request, put up a request, make a prayer, address a prayer, prefer a prayer, put up a prayer, make a petition, address a petition, prefer a petition, put up a petition; make application, make a requisition; ask trouble, ask one for; claim; (demand); offer up prayers; (worship); whistle for. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Prefer |
| English words defined with "prefer": Antepone ♦ bulk ♦ care, choose ♦ former ♦ like ♦ majority ♦ Oe, opt ♦ Preferring ♦ second hand, swamp pine ♦ Would rather. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "prefer": Agreeably disappointed, Anecdote ♦ Barmaid, bit decay, bit rot ♦ Calepin, Cosmetic appearance, Counselor, CRYOSOPHILA WARCEWICZII ♦ Dawn, Demand-side Waste Management, dictionary flame, Dynorphins ♦ Each other, Expostulation ♦ FAQ ♦ languages of choice ♦ menuitis ♦ Nobility ♦ One another ♦ plain TeX, Priest ... Knight, Punch ♦ Receptors, Prostaglandin, Receptors, Prostaglandin E, Receptors, Purinergic, Receptors, Purinergic P2, Receptors, Tachykinin, risk averse ♦ Telecommunications Device for the Deaf, tzetze ♦ Unix weenie ♦ Victim ♦ water-avid surface. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "prefer": Diligent. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Prefer" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Romanian (I prefer). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | But I prefer a man who lives and gives expensive jewels (Moulin Rouge!; writing credit: Baz Luhrmann; Craig Pearce) Bring 'em on, I'd prefer a straight fight to all this sneaking around (Star Wars; writing credit: George Lucas) I prefer to be called a hacker (Jurassic Park; writing credit: Michael Crichton) by the way, do you prefer diamonds or saphires (Sliding Doors; writing credit: Peter Howitt.) I prefer to atrophy (Manhattan Murder Mystery; writing credit: Woody Allen and Marshall Brickman. Starring Woody Allen as Larry Lipton, Diane Keaton as Carol Lipton, Alan Alda as Ted, and Anjelica Huston as Marcia Fox.) | |
Lyrics | Is not what I prefer (Pop A Top; performing artist: Alan Jackson) Don't need your silicon I prefer my own (Video; performing artist: India.Arie) And I prefer this mystery (Rescue Me; performing artist: Madonna) I prefer a sunless sky, to the glittering and stinging in my eyes (Tonight and the Rest of My Life; performing artist: Nina Gordon) Some people may prefer action, (The Folk Song Army; performing artist: Tom Lehrer) | |
Clever | Do cemetery workers prefer the graveyard shift? (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Blondes Prefer Gentlemen (1968) Gentlemen Prefer Nature Girls (1962) Doctors Prefer Brunettes (1927) Brunettes Prefer Gentlemen (1927) Wise Guys Prefer Brunettes (1926) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | NURP dive bell used in the 1980s-- scientists prefer the freedom.of scuba. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). | ![]() | [Greek poster- The Choice Is Yours. Select The Lung You Prefer To Live With]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
![]() | Some women prefer dogs. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | "If, after twenty-five years of daily use, all excating people still prefer Ivory soap, why should not I?". Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Author Unknown | I always prefer to believe the best of everybody, it saves so much time. |
E. M. Cioran | To want fame is to prefer dying scorned than forgotten. |
Jeremy Taylor | Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error to an afflicted truth. |
Johann G. Seume | People should always have something which they prefer to life. |
Marcus T. Cicero | I prefer tongue-tied knowledge to ignorant loquacity. |
Moliere | I prefer an accommodating vice to an obstinate virtue. |
Plautus | I much prefer a compliment, insincere or not, to sincere criticism. |
Sophocles | I would prefer even to fail with honor than win by cheating. |
Thomas Jefferson | Timid men prefer the calm of despotism to the tempestuous sea of liberty. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Conformable hereunto we find the people of America, who (living out of the reach of the conquering swords, and spreading domination of the two great empires of Peru and Mexico) enjoyed their own natural freedom, though, caeteris paribus, they commonly prefer the heir of their deceased king; yet if they find him any way weak, or uncapable, they pass him by, and set up the stoutest and bravest man for their ruler. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Come on a donkey, however, if you prefer it. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | It is the mood of France to prefer to have before her a Rostopchine rather than a Ballesteros |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Others prefer only general information. (references) | |
The child seems to prefer to play alone. (references) | ||
Select the dates and language that you prefer. (references) | ||
Business | Families with children prefer Florida. (references) | |
The majority of companies prefer other services. (references) | ||
Some Western companies prefer to build their own retail network. (references) | ||
Children | Russia | Many officials consider domestic problems private affairs and prefer not to interfere. (references) |
Brazil | The city of Rio de Janeiro, in cooperation with NGO's, has provided 41 shelters and group homes (run by the NGO's) for up to 2,501 homeless children and adolescents, but some children appear to prefer the freedom and drugs that street life offers. (references) | |
Taiwan | Many organizations complain that it is difficult to find qualified workers with disabilities, and they appear to prefer to pay the fines involved. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Uzbekistan | Since the law prohibits participation in unregistered groups, some minority churches have not submitted registration applications because they know that they are unable to comply with the law's requirements and prefer not to identify themselves to the authorities. (references) |
Economic History | Djibouti | While there are laws against corruption, they are rarely enforced, in part because most people prefer to deal with corruption issues on their own rather than involve complicated legal mechanisms. (references) |
Guyana | In most cases foreign investors prefer to seek credit abroad in any case, since interest rates in Guyana are typically higher. (references) | |
Human Rights | Bahamas | Judges sometimes authorize cash bail for foreigners arrested on minor charges, but in practice, foreign suspects generally prefer to plead guilty and pay a fine rather than pursue their right to defend themselves, given possible delays in court cases and harsh conditions in the prison. (references) |
Brunei | Many convicted persons reportedly prefer caning to lengthy incarceration. (references) | |
Yemen | The committee's chairman claims that he would prefer to increase the activities of the committee, especially in the area of press freedoms, but cites lack of official and financial support as constraints. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Sri Lanka | The country's indigenous people, known as Veddas, number fewer than l,000. Some prefer to maintain their isolated traditional way of life, and they are protected by the Constitution. (references) |
Minorities | Japan | They are estimated to number approximately 3 million, but most prefer to hide their identities. (references) |
Czech Republic | For example, in an opinion poll released in May, respondents indicated that, of all minorities, they would least prefer to have a Roma for a neighbor. (references) | |
Political Economy | ALGERIA | Because purchasing U.S. grain requires large shipments, long shipping times, and therefore a higher financial risk, Algerian traders often prefer to purchase smaller shipments from Europe, which can arrive in a short time and involve less risk. (references) |
PERU | Labor experts assert that companies prefer this type of hiring because it affords them the chance to adapt their total payroll to the business cycle without the hassle of having to seek government approval to release workers. (references) | |
China | So far, none has prompted the kind of mass protest movement that erupted in Beijing in the spring of 1989. The central authorities prefer to minimize tensions through the implementation of pragmatic policies, and they recognize that moves to reduce personal and economic freedoms would harm China's long-term interests. (references) | |
Trade | Israel | The Israeli Customs Services prefer that exporters use their own commercial invoice forms containing all required information including name and address of supplier, general nature of the goods, country of origin of the goods, name and address of the customer in Israel, name of the agent in Israel, terms, rate of exchange (if applicable), Israel import license number (if applicable), shipping information, and a full description of all goods in the shipment including shipping marks, quantity or measure, composition of goods (by percentage if mixed), tariff heading number, gross weight of each package, net weight of each package, total weight of shipment, price per unit as sold, and total value of shipment. (references) |
Russia | Foreign Owned Banks: Most foreign businesses prefer to deal with foreign-owned banks because they are more stable and generally offer better quality service. (references) | |
Eq. Guinea | However, as a result of Equatorial Guinea's comparatively high interest rates, most investors prefer to borrow from foreign sources. (references) | |
Travel | Egypt | Landlords prefer to rent their premises "furnished" even if only minimally so, and may insist on keeping some items in the apartment or villa for legal reasons. (references) |
Mexico | For travel in Mexico City, most visitors prefer taxis to car rentals. (references) | |
Brazil | They prefer a more continuous working relationship. (references) | |
Women | China | Many employers prefer to hire men to avoid the expense of maternity leave and childcare and some even lower the effective retirement age for female workers to 40 years of age (the official retirement age for men is 60 years and for women 55 years). (references) |
Oman | Government officials frequently deny women land grants or housing loans and prefer to conduct business with a woman's husband or other male relative. (references) | |
Lithuania | Few such complaints are filed, because women prefer to avoid publicity and are not confident that the courts will punish their assailants. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Turkey | Small enterprises prefer child labor because it is cheaper and provides practical training for the children, who subsequently are preferred for future employment in the same workplace. (references) |
El Salvador | The Government contends that the workers often prefer not to use safety equipment, and they have time for toilet and rest breaks. (references) | |
Bahrain | In practice most employers prefer to settle such disputes through arbitration, particularly since the court and labor law generally are considered to favor the employee. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | EXPOSTULATION, n. One of the many methods by which fools prefer to lose their friends. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Bob Meyers | We're doing very well. We certainly would prefer that the circumstance wouldn't be the way it is. But on the other hand, if we're having to face the situation, and we're going to do it by trusting God rather than questioning him, and that helps us. |
Mary Tyler Moore | Well, there are certain foods that I prefer not to eat because they're just such a jolt to the system. |
Rush Limbaugh | I think I'd much prefer nuclear power to global warming. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | A minister has been received from Colombia, and the other Governments have been informed that ministers, or diplomatic agents of inferior grade, would be received from each, accordingly as they might prefer the one or the other. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Those who prefer remaining at their present homes will hereafter be governed by the laws of Georgia, as all her citizens are, and cease to be the objects of peculiar care on the part of the General Government. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Prefer" is generally used as a lexical verb (base form) -- approximately 55.60% of the time. "Prefer" is used about 3,701 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 55.6% | 2,058 | 4,219 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 44.35% | 1,641 | 5,073 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.05% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 3,701 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "prefer": prefer a charge against smb. ♦ prefer a complaint against ♦ prefer charges ♦ prefer charges against. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "prefer"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | verkies (choose, elect, pick, pick out). (various references) | |
Albanian | preferoj (affect, choose, elect), parashtroj (bring, commit, enunciate, expound, pose, posit, propound, put forward, submit), paraqes (acquaint, bring in, bring up, delineate, demonstrate, denote, develop, display, feature, front, induct, introduce, introduce oneself, obtrude, offer, portray, present, press, produce, propound, put, put in, recommend, render, represent, serve, show, stand for, submit), parapëlqej, ngre në pozitë (promote). (various references) | |
Arabic | فضل (advantage, choose, excel, favor, favour, grace, graciousness, merit, outshine, priority, surpass), ميز (characterize, confer distinction upon, differentiate, discern, discriminate, distinguish, favor, favour, grant a special privilege, honor, identify, know, label, make a distinction, mark, notice, observe, perceive, privilege, realize, recognize, segregate, separate, set above others, set apart, set aside, single, single out, stamp), قرب (approach, beside, bring closer, close to, closeness, near, nearness, next to, proximity, towards, vicinity), أعطى الأولوية ل (preference, prioritize), أثر (bias, count, echo, effect, give rise to, hint, impress, influence, lead, mark, odor, odour, operate, repercussion, scent, sink, soupcon, streak, tag, tinge, tint, touch, trace, trail, trait, vestige, work), آثر, رقى (ascend, commission, promote, raise, uplift). (various references) | |
Basque | nahiago. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | назначавам (constitute, designate, institute, make, name, nominate, place, put in, set), предявявам (advance, assert, lay, pose, present, put in, raise), предлагам за разискване, предпочитам (affect, choose, elect, lean, like better, see), повишавам (advance, aggrandize, elevate, enhance, erect, heighten, increase, jump, key up, promote, put up, rack, raise, up), повдигам (boost, bring up, elevate, give a lift, heave, heft, increase, key up, levitate, lift, moot, pick up, present, pull up, raise, rear, start, take up, throw up, tip over, underlay, up, uplift, upraise), подавам (feed, hand, hold out, lay, pass, pitch, present, reach, supply, tender, thrust out). (various references) | |
Chinese | 更喜欢 (Preferred, Preferring), "較喜歡 . (various references) | |
Czech | povýšit (elevate, exalt, promote, raise, upgrade), předložit (bring forward, bring in, commit, dish up, introduce, pose, produce, propound, put, put forward, put in, render, send in, set, submit, tender), navrhnout (bring in, come up with, design, devise, draw, draw up, make a proposal, move, propone, propose, suggest, table), mít radìji (favour smb.), dát přednost (elect, give the right of way, give way). (various references) | |
Danish | foretrække. (various references) | |
Dutch | prefereren, de voorkeur geven aan. (various references) | |
Esperanto | preferi. (various references) | |
Faeroese | vilja heldur, velja (choose, elect, pick out). (various references) | |
Farsi | ترجیح یافتن یادادن , رجحان دادن , برگزیدن (Designate, Elect, Elite, Pick, Single), برتری دادن . (various references) | |
Finnish | pitää parempana, pitää jotakin parempana, haluta mieluummin. (various references) | |
French | préférer, aimer mieux. (various references) | |
French Canadian | préférerais (would prefer). (various references) | |
Galician | preferiría. (various references) | |
German | vorziehen (bring forward, choose, chosen, close, draw, Favor, favour, give priority, move forward, move up, pull up, to prefer), bevorzugen (Favor, favour, give preference to, to favour). (various references) | |
Greek | προτιμώ (choose). (various references) | |
Guarani | ahasemivéta (I would prefer to go). (various references) | |
Haitian Creole | pito. (various references) | |
Hebrew | ל"ע"יף (give precedence, hold superior), לבכר (give priority, ripen early), "ע"יף. (various references) | |
Hungarian | preferál, jobban szeret (to prefer), elõnyben részesít (privilege). (various references) | |
Indonesian | lebih suka. (various references) | |
Italian | preferire (affect, choose, have rather, like, rather). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 選ぶ (choose, optone's, select). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | "のむ (to like, to prefer). (various references) | |
Korean | 좋아하십시". (various references) | |
Manx | ardjaghey (change up, climb, increase, inflation, level up, lift, mount up, outbid, overbid, pitch, preferment, promote, promotion, put up, ramp, steepen, worsen, worsen as fever). (various references) | |
Norwegian | foretrekker. (various references) | |
Papiamen | preferá. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eferpray.(various references) | |
Polish | woleć. (various references) | |
Portuguese | preferir (choose, fancy, like). (various references) | |
Romanian | prefera (elect). (various references) | |
Russian | предпочитать (choose). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | više voleti. (various references) | |
Sotho | nkampa (I prefer). (various references) | |
Spanish | preferir (Favor, favour, had rather, like better). (various references) | |
Swedish | framföra (convey, deliver, execute, extend, Lodge, offer, perform, play, present, state), föredraga (deliver, elect, like, recite, render, report), föredra (deliver, elect, like, recite, render, report). (various references) | |
Turkish | yeğlemek (choose, opt), tercih etmek (choose, like better, opt), tayin etmek (appoint, commission, deputize, designate, institute, name, nominate, post, station), sunmak (bring in, confer, dish, dish up, emcee, exhibit, furnish, go over, go through, help smb. to smth., hold forth, initiate, introduce, lay, Lodge, offer, pass in, pitch, present, proffer, put forward, put in, put to, put up, render, report, represent, serve up, shew, submit, table, tender), ileri sürmek (adduce, advance, affirm, allege, assert, bring about, broach, come up with, contend, drive on, enunciate, hold forth, interpose, lay, present, press home, pronounce, propose, propound, publish, put forth, put forward, set forward, set up, throw out, urge, weigh in with), atamak (accredit, advance, appoint, assign, co opt, commission, constitute, coopt, create, depute, deputize, designate, elect, install, institute, nominate, ordain, post, station), arzetmek (Lodge, offer, present, propound, put up, submit, tender), öncelik tanımak (give priority to, give way, yield precedence to). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | віддавати перевагу (advantage, choose, like), визнавати за краще, підвищувати (boost, elate, elevate, enhance, heighten, inflate, lift, send up, up), подавати (adduce, pass in, present, provide, send, send in). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | antepono, anteposita, antepositum, malam, mali, malis, malle, mallui, malo, malo mallui malus, malo, mallui, malus, maluimus, praeferebant, praefero, praefero, prefero, praeferre, praefert, praelatus, praepono, praepono, prepono, praetulit, sis, velim, velint, velis, velit, velitis, velle, vellem, vellent, vellet, volebam, volebamus, volebant, volebas, volebat, volens, volensque, volente, volentes, volenti, volentibus, volentis, voles, volet, volo, voluerant, voluerat, voluerim, voluerimus, voluerint, volueris, voluerisque, voluerit, volueritis, volueritque, voluero, voluerunt, volui, voluimus, voluisse, voluissem, voluissent, voluisses, voluisset, voluisti, voluistis, voluit, voluitque, volumus, volunt, volvere, volvi, volvit. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | kan. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "prefer": preferabilities, preferability, preferable, preferably, preference, preferences, preferential, preferentially, preferment, preferments, preferred, preferrer, preferrers, preferring, prefers. (additional references) | |
Words containing "prefer": nonpreferential. (additional references) | |
| |
"Prefer" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: peefe, pefec, pefer, Peffer, perer, perfa, perfer, perfo, perfor, Perfrx, Perger, prafter, prager, preener, preer, pref, prefat, preferd, prefere, prefern, preferr, prefi, prefor, preier, premer, preperm, Prevezer, profer, profere, proferr, profir, Treffer. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "prefer" (pronounced prufer" or prēfer") |
| 4 | -r u f er" | refer. |
| 3 | -u f er" | defer. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-e-f-p-r-r" | |
-1 letter: freer, frere, refer. | |
-2 letters: fere, free, peer, pree, reef. | |
-3 letters: ere, err, fee, fer, pee, per, ree, ref, rep. | |
-4 letters: ef, er, pe, re. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-e-f-p-r-r" | |
+1 letter: prefers, prefire. | |
+2 letters: perforce, perfumer, pilferer, prefacer, prefired, prefires, prefroze. | |
+3 letters: ferrotype, firepower, perfecter, perfervid, perforate, performed, performer, perfumers, perfumery, pilferers, prefacers, preferred, preferrer, prefigure, preformed, prefreeze, prefrozen, proffered, profiteer. | |
+4 letters: ferrotypes, firepowers, fripperies, perfecters, perforated, perforates, performers, precertify, prefecture, preferable, preferably, preference, preferment, preferrers, preferring, prefigured, prefigures, prefranked, prefreezes, prettifier, profiteers, repurified, repurifies. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.